Depth, in kilometers
-20
-10
0
A
A'
10
20
-20
-10
0
10
Distance, in kilometers
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
20
0.4
Volumetric strain, microstrain
Volumetric strain, microstrain
3.0
A'
A
2.0
1.0
0.0
Dike parameters:
5 km long
5-10 km deep
opens 100 mm
-1.0
-2.0
-3.0
-20 -15 -10 -5 0
5 10 15 20
Kilometers
VOLCANO DEFORMATION–
Geodetic Monitoring Techniques
By Daniel Dzurisin
U.S. Geological Survey graphics