Composted Mulch
“Nurturing Semillon in the Hunter Valley”
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Presentation Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
Background
Demonstration Trials
Soils – temperature and moisture
Bunchzone temperature
Harvest 2010 – yield and grape quality
Conclusions (to date)
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
‘Semillon has a nightlife’
Source: http://www.animationlibrary.com/sc/81/Fruits/?page=8
“Night-time values of stomatal conductance and transpiration in
Semillon were up to four times higher than any other varieties”.
Rogiers et al 2009
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Climate change
•
-
Increase in mean temperature
Advances phenology, earlier budburst, shorter overall seasons and earlier harvests
Impacts to wine quality, individual grape varietals will be impacted differently
0.6 -1.5oC expected change by 2030
1oC increase – a 1 in 10 warm year becomes 1 in 2;
25% of the time conditions will be warmer than anything experienced before
•
-
Increase in extreme temperature events
Crop loss or damage
Bushfire smoke taint
Frost damage on early budburst
•
-
Changes in rainfall
Different varietal responses
Change in seasonal rain – less in winter, spring?
Pest and Diseases very sensitive to rainfall
Increased evapotranspiration due to increased temperature
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Why every degree oC matters!
MORE
LIKE
HERE!
SOURCE
IN:
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Current Vineyard floor practices
Mid row cultivation and seasonally
dependant sward establishment,
retention and/or removal
Herbicide application under the
vine row and within mid row
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Demonstration trials
• Hunter Valley Vineyard Mulch Trial- Funding provided by DECCW
• Semillon
• 3 sites commenced Aug 2009 in a side by side paired comparison
• Recycled Organic Composted Mulch and Compost Blend (80:20)
• AS4454 compliant
• Application rates- 5cm depth x 50cm width = approx 100m³/ha (3m row
spacing) and 85m³/ha (3.6 row spacing)
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Composted Mulch – 80:20 blend
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
DEMONSTRATION SITES
Spreading at Braemore vineyard
Annie Kavanagh and Andrew Pengilly inspect
vine improvements in Tyrrell’s VAT 1 block.
Mulched vines at Kurrajong Vineyard
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
GTBug installation
Soil moisture tension was collected every 2 hours at 3 depths (20cm, 40cm and 80cm)
and soil temperature at 10cm depth, prior to mulch application and up to harvest.
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soils
Initial pre-mulch application soil sampling was conducted to ascertain a baseline for all
sites. Tests were also carried out to evaluate nematode population densities
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil Compaction: pre-mulch treatment
Penetrometer Readings HV-VMT 2009
(site avg. n= 10)
0
Soil Strength (kPa)
1000
2000
Compaction at very
shallow depths at 1 site
3000
4000
30
0
27
5
25
0
22
5
20
0
17
5
15
0
12
5
10
0
75
50
25
0
5000
Depth (m m )
Tyrrell
Kurrajong
Braemore
CRITICAL POINT
At testing the critical point for root penetration is reached at very shallow depths
at Tyrrell’s site
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil Compaction: nine months later
TYRRELL'S PENETROMETER READINGS JUNE 2010
(treatment avg. n=10)
0
2000
3000
4000
0
30
5
27
0
25
5
22
0
20
17
5
0
15
5
12
0
10
75
50
25
5000
0
S o il S tren g th (kP a)
1000
DEPTH (mm)
TYRRELL'S CONTROL
TYRRELL'S MULCH
TYRRELL'S ORIGINAL
CRITICAL POINT
At testing 9 months later the critical point is reached at lower depths.
Mulch treatment providing reduced soil strength across the depth range
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Buffering capacity of composted mulch
KURRAJONG'S SOIL TEMPERATURE COMPARISON 2009-10
10cm DEPTH
45
40
SOIL TEMP 0C
35
30
25
20
15
10
27
/0
8/
2
3/ 009
09
/2
00
10
9
/0
9/
17 200
9
/0
9/
20
24
09
/0
9/
2
1/ 009
10
/2
8/ 009
10
/2
00
15
9
/1
0/
22 200
9
/1
0/
2
0
29
/1 09
0/
2
5/ 009
11
/2
00
12
9
/1
1/
19 200
9
/1
1/
2
0
26
/1 09
1/
2
3/ 009
12
/2
00
10
9
/1
2/
17 200
9
/1
2/
2
0
24
/1 09
2/
20
31
09
/1
2/
2
7/ 009
01
/2
01
14
0
/0
1/
20
10
5
Date
CONTROL
MULCH
Mulch application shows immediate and continual effect on buffering diurnal soil temperature
fluctuations from the 1st day of application, 10/9/09 and beyond harvest 20/1/10
(5cm depth x 50cm width).
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
DATE
CONTROL
MULCH
Similar buffering capacity at Braemore
throughout entire vintage.
/0 8
2 /0 /2 0 0
9 9
9 /0 / 2 0 0
9
16 9/ 20
/0 9 0 9
2 3 /2 0
/0 0
3 0 9 /2 0 9
/0 9 0 9
7 /1 /2 0 0
14 0/ 20 9
/1 0 9
2 1 0 /2 0
/1 0
2 8 0 /2 0 9
/1 0 0 9
4 /1 /2 0 0
11 1/ 20 9
/1 0 9
1 8 1 /2 0
/1 0
2 5 1 /2 0 9
/1 1 0 9
2 /1 /2 0 0
2 9
9 /1 / 2 0 0
9
16 2/ 20
/1 2 0 9
2 3 /2 0
/1 0
3 0 2 /2 0 9
/1 2 0 9
6 /0 /2 0 0
9
13 1/ 201
/0 1 0
2 0 /2 0
/0 1 1 0
/2 0
10
20
S O IL T E M P oC
25
26
26
/
3 1 0 8 /2
/0 0
6 /08 /2 0 0 9
11 9/ 2 09
/ 0
1 7 0 9 /2 0 9
/ 0
2 2 0 9 /2 0 9
/ 0
2 7 0 9 /2 0 9
/0 0 0
3 /19 /2 0 9
8 / 0 / 2 00 9
14 10/ 2 09
/ 0
1 9 1 0 /2 0 9
/1 0 0 0
2 5 /2 9
/ 0
3 0 1 0 /2 0 9
/1 0
4 /10 /2 0 0 9
10 1/ 2 09
/ 0
1 5 1 1 /2 0 9
/ 0
2 1 1 1 /2 0 9
/ 0
2 6 1 1 /2 0 9
/1 0
1 /11 /2 0 0 9
7 /1 2 / 2 00 9
12 2/ 2 09
/ 0
1 8 1 2 /2 0 9
/ 0
2 3 1 2 /2 0 9
/ 0
2 9 1 2 /2 0 9
/1 0
3 /02 /2 0 0 9
8 /0 1 / 2 00 9
14 1/ 2 10
/ 0
1 9 0 1 /2 1 0
/0 1 0 1
/2 0 0
10
S O IL T E M P O C
Soil temperature at other sites
BRAEMORE SOIL TEMPERATURE COMPARISON 2009-10
TYRRELL'S SOIL TEMPERATURE COMPARISON 2009-10
10cm DEPTH
10cm DEPTH
40
35
35
30
30
25
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
DATE
CONTROL
MULCH
Minimal effect occurred once
cultivation was practiced at Tyrrell’s
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Monthly weather observations 2009-10
BOM WEATHER OBSERVATIONS UNTIL HARVEST Cessnock Airport MONTH
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
RAIN (mm)
25.4
49.4
62.6
75 (71.4)
23.6 ( 49.2) [118.8]
HISTORICAL AVG (mm)
46.7
54.1
66.6
77.3
70.5
EVAP (mm)
112.2
122.8
163.3
152.1
127.2
TEMP ‐ min
0.2
2.1
7.5
7.1 (7.7)
7.7 (9.1)
TEMP ‐ max
31.1
35.6
43.2
40.2 (41.0)
41.4 (41.9)
MEAN TEMP ‐min
7.6
10
15
16.6
18.1
MEAN TEMP ‐max
23.8
23.7
30.1
29.4
31.2
NOTES:
- ( ) figures represent Agwise data from Kurrajong site weather station
- [ ] figure represents complete Jan 2010 rainfall
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil tension reduced with mulch
BRAEMORE SOIL TENSION COMPARISON 2009-10
20cm DEPTH
600
SOIL TENSION (kPa)
500
400
300
200
100
26
/0
8/
20
09
2/
09
/2
00
9/
09 9
/2
00
16
9
/0
9/
20
23
09
/0
9/
20
30
09
/0
9/
20
09
7/
10
/2
00
14
9
/1
0/
20
21
09
/1
0/
20
28
09
/1
0/
20
09
4/
11
/2
00
11
9
/1
1/
20
18
09
/1
1/
20
25
09
/1
1/
20
09
2/
12
/2
00
9/
12 9
/2
00
16
9
/1
2/
20
23
09
/1
2/
20
30
09
/1
2/
20
09
6/
01
/2
01
13
0
/0
1/
20
20
10
/0
1/
20
10
0
Mulch
Applied
DATE
CONTROL
MULCH
Irrigations were withheld and reduced on mulched vines at Braemore only
Control = 0.21ML/Ha vs. Mulch = 0.11ML/Ha (approx 50% savings in applied irrigation)
Soil tension is lower as moisture is retained thus saving valuable irrigation water and associated
costs
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil tension across other trial sites
KURRAJONG'S SOIL TENSION COMPARISON 2009-10
TYRRELL'S SOIL TENSION COMPARISON 2009-10
20cm DEPTH
20cm DEPTH
450
600
400
S O IL T E N S IO N ( k P a )
400
300
200
100
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
DATE
CONTROL
10
23
/0 1
/2 0
/2 0
10
0
/0 1
16
1/ 2
01
0
9 /0
1/ 2
01
09
/2 0
/1 2
2 /0
09
26
19
/1 2
/2 0
/2 0
09
9
/1 2
12
2/ 2
00
09
/2 0
/1 1
28
5 /1
09
/2 0
09
/1 1
/2 0
/1 1
14
/2 0
4 /1 0 9
1/ 2
11 009
/1 1
/2
18 009
/1 1
/2
25 009
/1 1
/2 0
2 /1 0 9
2/ 2
0
9 /1 0 9
2/ 2
16 009
/1 2
/2
23 009
/1 2
/2
30 009
/1 2
/2 0
6 /0 0 9
1/ 2
13 010
/0 1
/2
20 010
/0 1
/2 0
10
09
28
/1 0
/2 0
/1 0
21
14
/1 0
/2 0
09
0
21
S O IL T E N S IO N ( k P a )
500
DATE
MULCH
CONTROL
MULCH
Mulch reduced soil tension and retained soil moisture at all sites at 20cm
depth regardless of location and if irrigated or dryland
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil tension 40cm Depth
KURRAJONG'S SOIL TENSION COMPARISON 2009-10
BRAEMORE SOIL TENSION COMPARISON 2009-10
40cm DEPTH
40cm DEPTH
600
600
500
10
0
/2 0
/0 1
16
1/ 2
01
0
9 /0
1/ 2
2 /0
/2 0
/1 2
01
09
09
26
19
/1 2
/2 0
/2 0
09
9
/1 2
12
2/ 2
00
09
5 /1
/2 0
/1 1
28
/2 0
/1 1
14
20
/0 1
/2 0
09
10
/2 0
/0 1
13
1/ 2
01
09
/2 0
/1 2
30
/1 2
/2 0
/2 0
23
/1 2
CONTROL
6 /0
09
9
00
16
9 /1
2/ 2
00
09
2/ 2
2 /1
25
/1 1
/2 0
/2 0
09
09
18
/1 1
/2 0
00
/1 1
11
1/ 2
4 /1
DATE
10
0
0
0
09
100
9
100
09
200
/2 0
200
300
/1 1
300
400
21
S O IL T E N S IO N ( k P a )
400
9
S O IL T E N S IO N ( k P a )
500
DATE
MULCH
CONTROL
MULCH
Mulch influenced soil tension and assisted in moisture retention at a depth of 40cm
at Braemore and Kurrajong sites
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Bare soil or mulched soil
Bunchzone temperatures
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Daily average bunchzone temperatures
BRAEMORE DAILY AVERAGE BUNCHZONE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE 2009-10
AVG OF 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
35.0
32.5
27.5
o
TEMP C
30.0
25.0
22.5
20.0
17.5
1/
12
/2
3/ 00
12 9
/2
5/ 00
12 9
/2
7/ 00
12 9
/2
9/ 00
12 9
1 1 /2 0
/1 0 9
2
1 3 /2 0
/1 09
2
1 5 /2 0
/1 09
2
1 7 /2 0
/1 09
2
1 9 /2 0
/1 09
2
2 1 /2 0
/1 09
2
2 3 /2 0
/1 09
2
2 5 /2 0
/1 09
2
2 7 /2 0
/1 09
2
2 9 /2 0
/1 09
2
3 1 /2 0
/1 09
2/
2
2/ 00
01 9
/2
4/ 01
01 0
/2
6/ 01
01 0
/2
8/ 01
01 0
1 0 /2 0
/0 1 0
1
1 2 /2 0
/0 10
1
1 4 /2 0
/0 10
1
1 6 /2 0
/0 10
1
1 8 /2 0
/0 10
1
2 0 /2 0
/0 10
1
2 2 /2 0
/0 10
1/
20
10
15.0
DATE
DAILY AVG CONTROL TEMP
DAILY AVG MULCH TEMP
OVERALL AVG CONTROL TEMP
OVERALL AVG MULCH TEMP
A daily average difference of 0.6oC between mulched and control vines from veraison to harvest
Daily avg. dif of 0.2oC and 0.5oC also resulted at two other sites
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Minimum bunchzone temperatures
BRAEMORE DAILY MINIMUM BUNCHZONE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE 2009-10
AVG OF 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
25.0
22.5
20.0
o
TEMP C
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
10
20
10
1/
22
/0
1/
20
/0
1/
/0
18
/0
16
20
20
10
10
20
10
1/
20
1/
/0
14
12
/0
1/
1/
/0
10
20
20
1
01
/2
10
0
0
0
01
01
8/
01
6/
01
/2
/2
01
01
/2
4/
01
2/
0
0
09
20
09
/1
31
/1
29
/1
27
2/
20
09
2/
20
2/
20
2/
/1
25
/1
23
09
09
20
09
2/
20
2/
20
/1
21
19
/1
2/
2/
/1
/1
09
09
20
09
09
20
17
13
/1
2/
2/
20
20
2/
/1
11
12
9/
15
9
00
9
/2
00
9
12
7/
5/
12
/2
/2
00
9
00
9
/2
00
12
/2
3/
12
1/
09
5.0
DATE
DAILY MIN CONTROL TEMP
DAILY MIN MULCH TEMP
OVERALL AVG CONTROL TEMP
OVERALL AVG MULCH TEMP
Very little difference resulted across all sites at the minimum temperature with 2 sites (irrigated)
0.2oC lower in mulched vines than control and 1 site (dryland) was 0.1oC higher
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Maximum bunchzone temperatures
BRAEMORE DAILY MAXIMUM BUNCHZONE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE 2009-10
AVG OF 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
45.0
42.5
40.0
TEMP o C
37.5
35.0
32.5
30.0
27.5
25.0
22.5
1/
12
/2
3/ 009
12
/2
00
5/
12 9
/2
00
7/
12 9
/2
00
9/
12 9
/2
00
11
9
/1
2/
2
13 00
9
/1
2/
20
15
09
/1
2/
17 200
9
/1
2/
20
19
09
/1
2/
2
21 00
9
/1
2/
20
23
09
/1
2/
2
25 00
9
/1
2/
20
27
09
/1
2/
2
29 00
9
/1
2/
20
31
/ 1 09
2/
20
0
2/
01 9
/2
4/ 010
01
/2
01
6/
01 0
/2
8/ 010
01
/2
01
10
0
/0
1/
2
12 01
0
/0
1/
20
14
10
/0
1/
16 201
0
/0
1/
20
18
10
/0
1/
2
20 01
0
/0
1/
2
22 01
0
/0
1/
20
10
20.0
DATE
DAILY MAX CONTROL TEMP
DAILY MAX MULCH TEMP
OVERALL AVG CONTROL TEMP
OVERALL AVG MULCH TEMP
A daily average reduction of 1.2 oC between mulched and control vines from veraison to harvest
Daily reductions of 0.8oC and 0.9oC also resulted at two other sites
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
‘Hot
Hot Heat’
BRAEMORE BUNCHZONE TEMPERATURE COMPARISON
HIGHEST RECORDED TEMP - 17TH DEC 2009
AVG 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
44
43.1
43.5
43.3
43.6
43.2
43
42.6
42.1
41.9
TEMP o C
42
43.3
42.1
42.1
42.2
41.9
41
41.4
41
40.3
40
41.4
41.6
40.5
39.4
39
38
12:00:00 PM
12:30:00 PM
1:00:00 PM
1:30:00 PM
2:00:00 PM
2:30:00 PM
3:00:00 PM
3:30:00 PM
4:00:00 PM
4:30:00 PM
TIME
CONTROL TEMP
MULCH TEMP
Bunchzone temperatures in vines from adjacent rows are consistently reduced from between 0.9 –
1.7 oC throughout the hottest day at Braemore due to the application of composted mulch.
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
‘its getting hot in here’
TYRRELL'S BUNCHZONE TEMPERATURE COMPARISON
HIGHEST RECORDED TEMP - 23rd JAN 2010
AVG 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
44.6
45
44
44
43.2
43
TEMP o C
43.9
42.5
42
41.5
41.1
43.2
43.1
43.4
43.1
42.4
41.9
42
41
41.2
41
40 39.5
39
42.1
40.5
39.1
38
12:00:00 PM
12:30:00 PM
1:00:00 PM
1:30:00 PM
2:00:00 PM
2:30:00 PM
3:00:00 PM
3:30:00 PM
4:00:00 PM
4:30:00 PM
TIME
CONTROL
MULCH
Maximum bunchzone temperatures on the hottest day experienced at Tyrrell’s (23
Jan 2010) was also reduced by 0.4-1.2 oC
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
‘with added on-site air’
KURRAJONG'S BUNCHZONE & AIR TEMPERATURE COMPARISON
HIGHEST RECORDED TEMP - 13TH JAN 2010
AVG OF 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
45
43.9
43
43
42.6
42.2
42.7
41.3
41
42
41.7
41.3
40.1
39
38.2
38.1
36.7
38
35.9
36.4
34.7
35
35.2
34.5
33.7
33.8
33.7
33
32.7
31.7
CONTROL
TIME
MULCH
PM
4:
00
:0
0
PM
3:
30
:0
0
PM
3:
00
:0
0
PM
2:
30
:0
0
2:
00
:0
0
PM
PM
1:
30
:0
0
PM
1:
00
:0
0
PM
12
:3
0:
00
PM
31
12
:0
0:
00
33.1
PM
37
39.8
39.2
39
39.7
4:
30
:0
0
TEMP oC
40.3
ON-SITE AIR TEMP
Temperatures were reduced by 0.3-1.2 oC at Kurrajong with mulch treatment.
On-site air temperatures highlight the extent of increases within both bunchzones.
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Mulch increases beneficial ‘hangtime’ between 15-30 oC
o
TREATMENT COMPARISON OF DEGREE HOURS BETWEEN 15-35 C
ALL SITES - Dec 1st 2009 - Harvest 2010
AVG OF 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
1200
N O # O F H O U R S B E T W E E N 1 5 - 3o 5C
87.8%
88.8%
1150
88.1%
86.7%
1100
88.4% 89.2%
1050
1000
TYRRELL'S - 1329hrs
TYRRELL'S CONTROL
BRAEMORE - 1259hrs
TYRRELL'S MULCH BRAEMORE CONTROL
KURRAJONG- 1209 hrs
BRAEMORE MULCH KURRAJONG CONTROL
KURRAJONG MULCH
Increased ‘hangtime’ within the optimum temperature range of 15-35 oC assists to
enhance fruit quality at all sites.
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Mulch reduces detrimental ‘hangtime’ above 35oC
o
TREATMENT COMPARISON OF DEGREE HOURS ABOVE 35 C
ALL SITES 2009-10
AVG OF 5 SENSORS/TREATMENT
NO# OF HOURS > 35 o C
120
110
8%
100
8.3%
6.8%
7.1%
90
6.4%
6.1%
80
70
60
TYRRELL'S
TYRRELLS CONTROL
TYRRELL'S MULCH
BRAEMORE CONTROL
BRAEMORE
BRAEMORE MULCH
KURRAJONG
KURRAJONG CONTROL
KURRAJONG MULCH
Reduced ‘hangtime’ above 35 oC assists to enhance fruit quality at all sites.
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Harvest 2010
Yield and grape quality
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Increased berry weights
BERRY WEIGHT COMPARISON BETWEEN TREATMENTS
ALL SITES 2010
390
380
390
WEIGHT (g)
370
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
290
270
250
SITE
Tyrells control
Tyrells mulch
Ken control
Ken mulch
Kurrajong control
Kurrajong mulch
Individual berry weights increased across all sites in mulched treatments
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Increased bunch weights
40 BUNCH WEIGHT (kg) COMPARISON BETWEEN TREATMENTS
ALL SITES 2010
9
8.08
8.28
7.94
40 BUNCH WEIGHT (kg)
8
6.82
7
6
5.1
5.14
5
4
3
2
1
0
Site
Tyrrell control
Tyrrell mulch
Ken control
Ken mulch
Kurrajong control
Kurrajong mulch
40 bunch weight increased across all sites in mulched treatments.
Overall, bunch numbers were only increased at Kurrajong within mulched treatment.
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Composted mulch increases yield
YIELD (T/Ha) COMPARSION BETWEEN TREATMENTS
ALL SITES 2010
11.9
11.6
12.0
11.0
Y IE LD (T/Ha)
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.7
6.9
6.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.0
SITE
Tyrrells control
Tyrrells mulch
Ken control
Ken mulch
Kurrajong control
Kurrajong mulch
Overall yield increased marginally across all sites
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Tyrrell’s pH a measure of acidity or alkalinity
Tyrrell's pH
Treatment comparisons Veraison - Harvest 2010
3.5
3.45
3.4
pH
3.35
3.3
3.25
3.2
3.15
3.1
1.1.10
8.1.10
15.1.10
25.1.10
Sampling dates
Control
Mulch
pH remains within quality range of pH 3.0 – 3.6
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Braemore pH a measure of acidity or alkalinity
Braemore pH
Treatment comparisons Veraison-Harvest 2010
3.38
pH units
3.33
3.28
3.23
3.18
1.1.10
8.1.10
15.1.10
22.1.10
sampling dates
Control
Mulch
pH remains within quality range of pH 3.0 – 3.6
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Kurrajong pH a measure of acidity or alkalinity
Kurrajong's pH
Treatment comparisons Veraison - Harvest 2010
3.4
pH
3.35
3.3
3.25
3.2
1.1.10
8.1.10
15.1.10
20.1.10
Sampling Dates
Control
Mulch
pH remains within quality range of pH 3.0 – 3.6
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
oBrix
Tyrrell's
and Titrable Acidity
o
Tyrrell's Brix and Titrable Acidity
Treatment comparisons Veraison - Harvest 2010
24
16
22
14
12
18
10
16
TA g/L
o
Brix
20
8
14
12
6
10
4
1.1.10
8.1.10
15.1.10
25.1.10
Sampling dates
Control Brix
Mulch Brix
Control TA
Mulch TA
Titratable acidity is a measure of the total acids (consisting mainly of malic, tartaric and minor amounts of citric acid).
o
Brix is a measure of sugar, influencing final alcohol potential
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Braemore oBrix and Titrable Acidity
o
Braemore Brix and Titratable Acidity
Treatment comparison Verasion - Harvest 2010
22
14
20
12
16
o
Brix
10
8
TA (g/L)
18
14
6
12
10
4
1.1.10
8.1.10
15.1.10
22.1.10
Sampling dates
Control Brix
Mulch Brix
Control TA
Mulch TA
Titratable acidity is a measure of the total acids (consisting mainly of malic, tartaric and minor amounts of citric acid).
o
Brix is a measure of sugar, influencing final alcohol potential
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Kurrajong's oBrix and Titrable Acidity
o
24
11
22
10
20
9
18
8
16
7
14
6
12
5
10
4
1.1.10
8.1.10
15.1.10
TA g/L
o
Brix
Kurrajong's Brix and Titratable Acidity
Treatment comparison Verasion - Harvest 2010
20.1.10
Sampling dates
Control Brix
Mulch Brix
Control TA
Mulch TA
Titratable acidity is a measure of the total acids (consisting mainly of malic, tartaric and minor amounts of citric acid).
o
Brix is a measure of sugar, influencing final alcohol potential
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
2010 PRUNING
PRUNING 2010 10 VINE SAMPLE
SITE
TREATMENT
Tyrrells
control
137
2.98
21.75
29.9
10 LOW mulch
140
2.66
19
30.6
12 LOW control
298
4.62
15.5
51.5
11 LOW mulch
269
4.16
15.46
52.7
13 LOW 21.7
VERY 14 LOW
22.1
VERY 19 LOW
Braemore
Kurrajong
control
mulch
CANE NO#
211
217
WEIGHT (kg)
1.56
1.14
Avg. CANE WT (g)
7.39
5.25
YIELD/ 10 VINES (kg)
RATIO
VINE VIGOUR
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil testingpre-application and nine months later
Tyrrell’s
Braemore
Characteristic & Unit
Treatment
PRE
POST
pH in water 1:5
CONTROL
6.4
6.1
MULCH
6.6
6.5
CONTROL
0.03
0.05
MULCH
0.03
0.06
1
0
1.3
0
EC 1:5 (dS/m)
Pref. <0.15
Ex Sodium (%)
Pref. <5%
CONTROL
MULCH
PRE
↓
↓
↑
↑
↓
↓
POST
5.6
7
6.6
6
0.6
0.09
0.14
0.47
10.3
0
4.1
11.1
Kurrajong
PRE
↑ 6.6
↓ 6.1
↓ 0.08
↑ 0.11
↓ 2.6
↑ 3.4
POST
7.3
6.9
0.07
0.12
0
0
↑
↑
↓
↑
↓
↓
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil testingpre-application and nine months later
Tyrrell’s
Characteristic & Unit
Total N %
Organic Carbon (%)
Ca:Mg
Treatment
Braemore
PRE
POST
direction
CONTROL
0.06
0.08
MULCH
0.05
0.1
CONTROL
0.67
0.94
MULCH
0.7
1.28
CONTROL
8.2
ND
↑
↓
MULCH
9.4
5
↓
↑
↑
↑
PRE
POST
0.1
0.1
0.08 0.15
0.9
1.13
Kurrajong
direction
↔
↑
↑
4.6
4.2
↑
↓
4.1
4.2
↑
0.96 1.26
PRE
POST
0.04
0.1
0.04 0.09
0.87 1.15
direction
↑
↑
↑
3.4
3.9
↑
↑
3.8
4.2
↑
0.77 1.01
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Soil testingpre-application and nine months later
Tyrrell’s
Characteristic and
Unit
Treatment
PRE
POST
Braemore
direction
PRE
POST
Kurrajong
direction
PRE
POST
direction
K (%)of eCEC
CONTROL
14.3
23.3
↑
10 12.5
↑
5.6
0
pref. K 5-15%
MULCH
11.7
20
↑
9.7 11.1
↑
9.4 12.5
↓
↑
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
Conclusions (to date)
Composted mulch application thus far-
•
Reduced irrigation requirements (1 site - approx.50%)
•
Increased moisture retention
•
Buffered soil temperatures
•
Reduced daily average and maximum bunchzone temperatures
•
Marginal increase in overall yield
•
Enhanced conditions for improved grape quality
•
Pruning weights suggest minimal impact on vegetative growth
•
Minimal changes to soil quality parameters
Compost NSW - Darren Fahey 2010 ©
THANK YOU
• Annie Kavanagh – DECCW
• Ken, Des & Andrew at Braemore,Tyrrell’s & Kurrajong
vineyards
• Jenny Bright – Bright Vine Services
• Tony Somers – NSW DI&I
• Compost NSW & CFS Business Partners
• Hunter Valley Viticultural Association
• NWGIC
Darren Fahey
Compost NSW Market and Industry Development Officer
[email protected]
0414224110