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The aphyllophorales (Basidiomycota) of a
Mediterranean biodiversity "hotspot" ­
"Cazorla, Segura & las Villas" Natural Park (Spain)
MARGARITA DUEÑAS",
M, TEllESA TELI.ERIA'
& IRENEIA MEtO
2
, nlllucnu~0)ri¡"niLe~
Reul/llnlín ¡lo/ánico
Plaza de Muril1o, 2. 2S0 ¡.¡ Madrid, Spain
I
es/e.
'Jordilll Botánico (MNHN), 1II1ivl'f~id<ule ele Lishoa / CBA-FCU['
RWI da bcolil tJolí/éclliCll, 58, 1250-1IJ2, Lis!Joa, Portugul
Ahstrae! - A preliminar)' invl'ntor)' of lile apilyllc'phora!cs 01' Ihe "C:"7.0rla, Segura &
las Villas" Natural Park is prt'sc,ltC,l, based on original data augmenled by lilnalur,'
relúellees, 'Ihis catalogue indu,ks 200 speeie.s representing 'JO genera, Seven species are
nelV Lo lile catalogue ofSpanish myeohiota: Antro"i" "Ibi!loúks. Fil".i(ÍulrI SlAllCcroccum.
(;/ocodcmli" co¡wlllJicIlSis, Hy/,IJodermel/u d<'llsa, O/iVC()/!Ú¡ pallxilla, Postia IIndosa, cmd
Skdc/{lCllti, "lImCTcm['(J, '¡he compkte catalogue is ",,¡¡ilahle cm hllp:llwww,rrlycolaxon,
el "ni res< Iluu'slwebl¡sI.In mI.
Key words Península
mycohiota, eorlieioid !'ullgi, l'o/yporaccc.lc. fung"J divor,'il)', Iherían
Introduction
"Hotspots" are areas charadcrized by exceptiona] number ol' endemic species
that have suffered an extraordinary habitat loss, Regions with Mediterranean
(Iimate (wet winters and dry SlIl1lmers) au':üunl lur mosl ol' the wor1d's extra­
tropical biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al. 2000), being both highly diverse and
highly endangered. '1 he biota ol' thesf rfgions is characterized by high diversity,
with large numbers of highly localizfd endcmic species (Cowling et al. 1996).
The Mediterranean l3asin hotspOl strdchcs from Portugal to Jordan aml l'rom
Morocco to northern Ilaly.
'1 he "Cazorla, Segura & Las Villas" Natural Park. the largest protected arfa
ol' Spain and sfcond largesl of Europe, was declared a l3iospherc Reserve by
UNESCO in 1983, Situated in southern Spain aJ1(1 covering an arca 01' 214,300
ha, the Park occupies the Southeast regiotl ol' Jaén Province (PIG. 1). Il is formed
466 ... DlInl",. T..Ileria & Mel"
by the Prebélico lnounlain system and orienled SW NE, with altitudes ranging
from 460 to 2109 m. Pico de las Empanadas (2107111) and Pico Cabailas (2036
m) occupy the highesl poinls ami Huesa (,160 m), occupies lhe lowest elevation.
'( he dimate is mild Medilerranean, with an 800--2000 mm annual rainfall
and ternperatures ranging from 30-35"C (sU111tnl,'r) lo 1O-15"C (winter). Its
latitudinal and altitude varialium combined with its orography greatly intiuence
Ihe Park climate and producl,' m icrudimates that make possibk 1he existellce of
a diversif1ed Mediterranl,',lIl llora ami allow growth of spl,'cies more typical of
norlhern LUnes. 'lhe tioristic richness 01' Ihis territory can be seen in lhe high
number of ende111ic species of vascular planls: 27 elldemic fór the arca ami
more lhan 130 Iberic endemics.
Bdow 850 m, we find large arl:as uf holm oak (()ucrcus i/ex subsp. bal/ota)
with Phillyrea ullgllsti(olia, Pistacia lenlisClis, RhaJllllus alatenlUS, Uharnlllls
/ycioides, Prunus spinosa, and I.oniccra implexa. 'j(J a great exten(, l!lis foresl
lype has been repopulated with Pillus lza/epensis that continlles lhe evergreen
shrub assuciation - Uosmarinus o.1!/c¡'wlis, Cistus monspdiensis, C. ciusii,
C. salviifolillS, Genísla scorpius, lialimium atriplieijiJlium, l'istocia lentiscus, and
'J liymus masliehina.
Between 850 1200 111, woods with (a1110ng olhers) Qucrcus ilex subsp.
bailota, (J. jilginea, Arbllllls 11 nedo, J'liillyrea lalijiJlia, Vi/lUrJlUfll tillUS, J:rica
m'borea, SorbllS domesliea, C/ematis vitalba, and Hedenl lidíx are present.
Between 1200 -1500 111, we f1nd Pinus nigra foresls with CrataejiU.l mOllogyna,
}tmiperus pJlOcnícea, Berberis hispllIlica, llex aquij(¡/illlll, LOlliccm splcndida, and
Cytisus reverchonii also presenl. hom 1500-1 ROO m, on deep ami fertile soils,
Arel' grillwtense, Prullus I1wlwleb, Crataegus mOl1ogyna, Sorblls aria, !.onirera
arborea, and L elrusca, oC<.:ur in small but very inI efesl ing forests. l'reviously
abundant, tbese stands now fórrn ll1ixcd !(Jrmations with P. nigra.
Above I HOO m, J~ Iligra groves with IUl1iperus WrJllJIUIIIS subsp. hClllisphacrica,
l. sabina, Prullus prostrata, Gcnisla /ongipes, and others are f()lll1d.
Materials and methods
111is study is based on original and bihliographical dala. 111e original data result
from the study of specimens collected in 14 localilies from within the "Cazorla,
Segura & Las Villas" Natural Park, 12 during the 111 Mycological [oray (11-13
May 1990) "Flora Mycologica Iberica" project, with the remaining two localities
visited earlier.
A lotal of 415 speci mens were sludied following c1assical me! hods 101'
the aphyllophorales fungi: thin, freehand seclions from each specimen werc
mouIltcd in KOH (S'),;,) and/or Melzer's rcagen!. 111ese sections were studied
under uptical microscope. 111e specimens have heen deposited in USU and
MA-Fungi herbaria
i\phylioph<mdes "{Cazorla, Segur,] & Las Villas Nalural Park (Spain) .. 467
o'
10'W
10'E
20'E
;z
;z
~
~
~
z
~
O'
10"W
10'E
3'O'O"W
2"50'O"W
lO'E
2'40'O"W
i
i
~
ii;;
1;
3'O'O"W
2'50'O"W
2'40'O"W
I:IG. la. licogr:lphicallocalion orlh~ "(;a/Orl'l, Segura & La. Villa," Natural Park.
b.
Lo'aJili~s
sJl1lpled.
Results
111e catalogue o( the aphyllopboralcs (mm the Natural Park of "Ca zorJ a, Segura
and Las Villas, Spain" inc1udes 200 spt'cies, of which 97 are new for the Park
(htlp:!/www.mycotaxon.com/resourccs/weblist.htm!).111ey represent 90
genera, the rnost significant of which are Pel'liopl'lOra (12 species), Plw//erochaete
(8 specics), Hyphodermll (6 species), and Nyphodcmtia (6'pecics).
Seven species are new to the Spanish l1l)'cobiola: Al1lrodia albidoides A.
David & Ik'luatre, with a M(~diterrancan distribution (13ernicchia 1990);
Fihriciu/'// suho;rt/rC'um (Hallenb.) Bernicchia, described from Iran (Hallenberg
46!:l ...
Dllell~', 'Idkria & Mel"
197R) and later found Ín Italy amI Argenlina (lIjortslam & Ryvarden 19R6);
G/oeodolllia wlllmbiensis Burt ex Burds. & Lombard; Hyphodermella densa
Melo & Hjortstam, unlilnow restricted to Portugal (Iv/c1o & Iljortstam 2(03);
Oliveonia pauxi/la (H.S. )acks.)Donk. known from northern Europe, Canada,
amI Puertu Wco (Roberts 1999); Postia wldo5U (l'eck) J¡¡lich, widely distributed,
but rare in the coniferuus foresls uf the north temperalf: zone (Ryvarden &
Gilbertson 1994), and SkeletoClltis albocremell A. David.
One remarkable discovery in lhe park was Ihe co\lection of Cllmpylomyces
heinúi (Malenc;on) Nakasonc, which Makn<;on (1939) originally dcscrihed from
Iv/orocco on dry branches 01" Quercl/$ ilex stiJl attached to the tree. Telleria &
[)uei'las (19R6) cited a secolld record fmm Cantahria (Spain), and OUf discovny
01" C. heimii on its typical substratc in Cazorla constitlltes a third reporto
HypllOderma multicystidil¡nI var. disporwn (M. Oudí.as & TeJleria) lIjortstam
& Telleria, is reported for Ihe third tillle. DlIeflas & Telleria (l9HH) previollsly
reported the species (as Cmstodcrma 511liinicum val'. disporum M. Pudías &
TellerÍa) fmm León and Guadalajara (Spain), fruil ing on junipcr wood.
Acknowledgements
Financial SlIpport was givcn by DGI projcct CG L200ó-127J2-C02-rll. C>ur lhanks are
dUf lo Dra. Esperanza Bc1trán-'lejera and Flia Martini for prt,-slIbmission rcview ofthe
manuscrípl.
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