2008 Annual Report
Upper Cache la Poudre River
Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program
Prepared for:
City of Fort Collins Utilities
City of Greeley
Tri-Districts
Prepared by:
Jill Oropeza, Watershed Specialist
City of Fort Collins Utilities
Judith A. Billica, P.E., Ph.D., Senior Process Engineer
City of Fort Collins Utilities
February 23, 2009
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Scope of Upper Cache la Poudre Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program
Sample collection for the Upper Cache la Poudre (CLP) Collaborative Water Quality
Monitoring Program consisted of 11 sampling events between April and November, 2008
at ten sites on the Mainstem CLP and nine sites on the North Fork, including Seaman
Reservoir. Water samples were analyzed for a total of up to 39 parameters. The
sampling parameters are outlined in Attachment 3 of this report and the 2008 Sampling
Plan is included as Attachment 4.
The objective of this collaborative water quality monitoring program is to assist the City
of Fort Collins, the City of Greeley and the Tri-Districts in meeting current and future
drinking water treatment goals by reporting current water quality conditions and trends
within the Upper CLP watershed.
Scope of 2008 Annual Report
The 2008 annual report summarizes the hydrologic and water quality data collected
during the first year of the Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program
and provides a comparison with water quality information from the years 2005 – 2007.
Data for the three years preceding 2008 were obtained from the historic City of Fort
Collins and City of Greeley sampling program records.
Six key sites were identified that are considered representative of conditions on the
Mainstem and North Fork CLP. The discussion of results focuses on these 6 key sites as
well as Seaman Reservoir; however, data for all sites were analyzed and significant
events and trends are also included in the discussion. Summary graphs for all parameters
and locations are presented in a separate attachment (Attachment 5).
Significant Events

Seaman Reservoir Drawdown
On 6/3/08, the City of Greeley initiated a 9-day drawdown of Seaman Reservoir to
address mechanical problems associated with the outlet gates. Water releases into the
North Fork ranged between 483 – 1350 cfs daily. From 6/5/08 - 6/6/08, a large
rainfall event occurred on the North Fork drainage above Seaman Reservoir. These
coincident events, at a time of already high seasonal runoff, significantly affected the
flow volume as well as hardness, alkalinity, turbidity and nutrient concentrations at
sites downstream of Seaman Reservoir (NFG and PBD).
Significant Results

2008 flows on the Mainstem were similar to years 2005 through 2007. The North
Fork experienced considerably higher peak runoff than in the previous three years.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
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
In general, hardness, conductivity and alkalinity increased with decreasing elevation.
Across all sites, minimum values occurred during periods of high flow.

Turbidity peaked at all sites during spring run-off. North Fork sites experienced
much higher peak turbidity values than Mainstem sites.

Peak TOC concentrations occurred during peak runoff across the watershed. The
North Fork exhibited persistently elevated TOC concentrations during periods of low
flows, as seen in previous years.

The North Fork had higher nutrient concentrations than on the Mainstem. Nitrate,
total phosphorus, and ortho-phosphate concentrations at NFG increased from 2005 to
2007, but decreased in 2008.

Mainstem nutrient concentrations were generally low, as in previous years. Poudre
above Joe Wright Creek (PJW), consistently experienced higher nitrate
concentrations than other Mainstem sites.

Giardia is more abundant than Crypotsporidium on both the Mainstem and the North
Fork. Giardia concentrations at North Fork above Dale Creek (NDC) showed an
increase from 2006 through 2008, with an exceptionally high spike on 10/7/08.

E.coli and total coliform concentrations were similar to previous years on the
Mainstem (PNF).

The North Fork below Seaman Reservoir (NFG) experienced higher E.coli
concentrations than other Upper CLP sites, including Seaman Reservoir. There is no
discernible relationship between NFG and Seaman Reservoir E.coli concentrations.

Geosmin concentrations on the Mainstem were consistently below the taste and odor
threshold of 5 ppt.

Thermal stratification in Seaman Reservoir was only weakly established following
the drawdown and subsequent refilling; however, near-anoxic conditions were
observed below 8m by 8/19/08.

Spikes in turbidity, nitrate, TKN, ortho-phosphate and total phosphorus also occurred
in Seaman Reservoir on 8/19/08, and were similar to late season spikes observed in
2007.

Geosmin concentrations in Seaman Reservoir were consistently at or above the taste
and odor threshold, as in previous years; the maximum measured geosmin
concentration at the top of Seaman Reservoir was 34 ppt on 9/15/08.

Suggested changes to the Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring
Program for 2009 include: 1) adding algae identification at Seaman Reservoir that
was omitted in 2008, and 2) collecting samples at site NFL (North Fork above
Livermore) for total coliform and E.coli analysis to better understand the relationships
between pathogen concentrations on the North Fork and Seaman Reservoir.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................................v
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii
1.0
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Monitoring Program Development and Reporting .........................................1
1.2 Watershed Description and Sampling Locations............................................1
1.3 Sampling Schedule and Parameters ................................................................2
1.4 Sample Collection and Analysis .....................................................................2
1.5 Scope of 2008 Annual Report.........................................................................3
2.0
UPPER CACHE LA POUDRE RIVER RESULTS................................................5
2.1 Hydrology .......................................................................................................5
2.2 Water Temperature .........................................................................................8
2.3 General Parameters: Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, pH and Turbidity .9
2.4 Total organic carbon (TOC)..........................................................................12
2.5 Nutrients........................................................................................................14
2.6 Metals............................................................................................................18
2.7 Pathogens: Cryptosporidium and Giardia ....................................................19
2.8 Total Coliforms and E. coli...........................................................................20
2.9 Geosmin ........................................................................................................21
3.0
SEAMAN RESERVOIR RESULTS .....................................................................23
3.1 Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, pH and Conductivity Profiles .................23
3.2 General Parameters: Hardness, Alkalinity and Turbidity .............................25
3.3 Chlorophyll-a and Secchi Depth...................................................................27
3.4 Nutrients........................................................................................................28
3.5 Total organic carbon (TOC)..........................................................................31
3.6 Total Coliforms and E. coli...........................................................................33
3.7 Geosmin ........................................................................................................34
3.8 Algae .............................................................................................................34
4.0
SUMMARY...........................................................................................................35
5.0
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................36
ATTACHMENT 1 .............................................................................................................37
Land Use comparison of the North Fork and Mainstem CLP
ATTACHMENT 2 .............................................................................................................38
Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program Sampling Sites
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ATTACHMENT 3 .............................................................................................................39
Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program Parameter List
ATTACHMENT 4 .............................................................................................................41
Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program 2008
Sampling Schedule
ATTACHMENT 5 .............................................................................................................42
Analytical methods, reporting limits, sample preservation and sample
holding times
ATTACHMENT 6 (included as a separate pdf file)
2008 Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program Graphical
Summary
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Map of the Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Network ........2
Figure 2. 2005 – 2008 Daily average stream flow at key Upper CLP monitoring sites......6
Figure 3. 2008 Daily average stream flow at key Upper CLP monitoring sites..................6
Figure 4. 2008 Daily average stream flow at NFL and NFG...............................................8
Figure 5. Water temperature at key Upper CLP monitoring sites .......................................8
Figure 6 (a-d). General water quality parameters at key Upper CLP monitoring sites:
Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, pH and Turbidity..........................................10
6.a. Conductivity....................................................................................................10
6.b. Hardness..........................................................................................................10
6.c. Alkalinity.........................................................................................................11
6.d. pH....................................................................................................................11
6.e. Turbidity..........................................................................................................12
Figure 7. TOC Concentrations at Key Upper CLP monitoring sites .................................12
Figure 8. 2008 Seasonal average TOC concentrations at key Upper CLP monitoring
sites ........................................................................................................................13
Figure 9 (a-f). Nutrient concentrations at key Upper CLP monitoring sites .....................15
9.a. Ammonia.........................................................................................................15
9.b. Nitrate .............................................................................................................15
9.c. Nitrite ..............................................................................................................16
9.d. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) ......................................................................16
9.e. Ortho-phosphate..............................................................................................17
9.f. Total Phosphorus .............................................................................................17
Figure 10. Concentrations of Giardia on Mainstem and North Fork, above and below
Halligan Reservoir .................................................................................................19
Figure 11. Concentrations of Cryptosporidium on Mainstem and North Fork, above and
below Halligan Reservoir .....................................................................................20
Figure 12. Concentrations of total coliforms at Key Upper CLP Monitoring Sites ..........21
Figure 13. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) at Key Upper CLP Monitoring
Sites........................................................................................................................21
Figure 14. Geosmin concentration on the Mainstem CLP.................................................22
Figure 15 (a-d). 2008 Seaman Reservoir Profiles..............................................................23
15.a. Temperature ..................................................................................................23
15.b. Dissolved Oxygen.........................................................................................24
15.c. pH..................................................................................................................24
15.d. Conductivity..................................................................................................25
Figure 16. Dissolved oxygen concentrations at the top, middle and bottom of
Seaman Reservoir .................................................................................................25
Figure 17 (a-c). General water quality parameters at Seaman Reservoir: Conductivity,
Hardness, Alkalinity and Turbidity........................................................................26
17.a. Hardness........................................................................................................26
17.b. Alkalinity ......................................................................................................26
17.c.Turbidity.........................................................................................................27
Figure 18. Chlorophyll-a concentrations in Seaman Reservoir .........................................27
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Figure 19. Secchi Depth in Seaman Reservoir ..................................................................28
Figure 20 (a-f). Nutrient concentrations in Seaman Reservoir. .........................................29
20.a. Ammonia.......................................................................................................29
20.b. Nitrate ...........................................................................................................29
20.c. Nitrite ............................................................................................................30
20.d. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) ....................................................................30
20.e. Ortho-phosphate............................................................................................31
20.f. Total Phosphorus ...........................................................................................31
Figure 21. TOC concentrations in Seaman Reservoir .......................................................32
Figure 22. Comparison of TOC concentrations in NFL, Seaman Reservoir, and NFG ....32
Figure 23. Total coliforms in Seaman Reservoir and at NFG ...........................................33
Figure 24. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) Seaman Reservoir and at NFG ..33
Figure 25. Geosmin concentrations in Seaman Reservoir. ................................................34
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Monitoring Program Development and Reporting
The Upper Cache la Poudre (CLP) River is an important source of high-quality drinking
water supplies for communities served by the City of Fort Collins Water Treatment
Facility, the City of Greeley-Bellvue Water Treatment Plant, and the Tri-Districts Soldier
Canyon Filter Plant. In the shared interest of sustaining this pristine water supply, the
City of Fort Collins, the City of Greeley and the Tri-Districts partnered in 2006 to design
the Upper Cache la Poudre River Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program. The
over-arching goal of this monitoring partnership is to assist the participants in meeting
current and future drinking water treatment goals by providing up-to-date information
about water quality and trends within the Upper CLP watershed.
Raw Poudre River water quality parameters that have historically had the most impact on
treatment at the three treatment plants include turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), pH,
alkalinity, temperature, pathogens (Giardia and Cryptosporidium), and taste and odor
(T&O) compounds such as geosmin. A more in-depth discussion of TOC, geosmin, and
pathogens and the challenges they present for water treatment is included in the program
design document, “Design of a Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program for the
Upper Cache la Poudre River” (Billica, Loftis and Moore, 2008). This document also
provides a complete description of the scope and objectives of the monitoring program as
well as a detailed description of the watershed, sampling design and methods.
Annual and five-year reports for the collaborative program are prepared by City of Fort
Collins staff to keep participants abreast of current issues and trends in water quality of
the Upper CLP. The purpose of annual reports is to summarize hydrologic and water
quality information for the current water year, describe notable events, and provide a
comparison with water quality from the preceding three years. The five-year reports will
provide a more in-depth analysis of both spatial and temporal trends in watershed
hydrology and water quality, including concentrations and loads.
1.2
Watershed Description and Sampling Locations
Sampling efforts were divided between the Mainstem and North Fork Poudre River
drainages. Collectively these drainages encompass approximately 645,500 acres of forest,
other natural land types and agricultural land (see Attachment 1). An additional 4,700
acres, representing less than 1% of land surface, is developed for commercial, industrial,
utility, urban or residential purposes.
The monitoring network consists of 19 sampling locations selected to characterize the
headwaters, major tributaries and downstream locations of the CLP near the City of Fort
Collins, Tri-Districts and City of Greeley intake structures (Fig. 1). The 19 sampling sites
include one reservoir - Seaman Reservoir. A description and rationale for each site is
provided in Attachment 2.
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270NBH
280NDC
Laramie River
She
ep C
reek
090BMR
th
Nor
060LRT
080JWC
100CHR
k
For
he
Cac
L
re
oud
aP
Cac
he
La
P
070PJW
Gran
d
Rab
bit C
k
260NRC
240SCM
220NFL
ine Ck
Lone P
250RCM
oud
re R
ive
r
ch
Dit
230PCM
210SER
Seaman
Res.
050PBR
030PSF
rk
Fo
uth
o
S
Michigan
Ditch
Halligan
Reservoir
Sto
ne
wall
Ck
Figure 1. Map of the Upper CLP collaborative water quality monitoring network.
200NFG
020PNF
010PBD
040SFM
N
Not to Scale
Approximate location of sampling site.
1.3
Sampling Schedule and Parameters
Sampling frequency was determined based on both statistical performance and cost
considerations. Parameters included in the monitoring program were selected based on
analysis of historical data and aim to provide the best information possible within current
budgetary constraints. A list of parameters is included in Attachment 3. Complete
discussions of parameter selection and sampling frequency are provided in Sections 5.3
and 5.4, respectively, of the original design document by Billica, Loftis and Moore
(2008). The 2008 sampling schedule is provided as Attachment 4 of this report.
1.4
Sample Collection and Analysis
Dr. William Lewis was contracted by the City of Greeley in agreement with the City of
Fort Collins and the Tri-Districts to perform sampling activities for the Upper CLP
monitoring program at 17 of the 19 Mainstem and North Fork CLP sites. Staff from the
City of Fort Collins and City of Greeley collected samples at the remaining two locations:
North Fork Poudre above confluence with Dale Creek (NDC) and North Fork Poudre
below Halligan Reservoir (NBH). Sampling methods, including those for the collection
of field measurements for temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen are
documented in Section 5.5 of Billica, Loftis and Moore (2008). All bulk water samples
were analyzed by the City of Fort Collins Water Quality Lab (FCWQL), except for
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2
Cryptosporidium and Giardia filter samples, which were delivered to CH Diagnostic and
Consulting, Inc., in Berthoud, CO for analysis. Analytical methods and detection limits
are included in Attachment 5.
1.5
Scope of 2008 Annual Report
This 2008 annual report summarizes the hydrologic and water quality data collected
during the first year of the Upper CLP collaborative monitoring program and provides a
comparison with water quality information from the years 2005-2007. Data for the three
years preceding 2008 were obtained from the historic City of Fort Collins and City of
Greeley sampling program records.
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4
2.0 UPPER CACHE LA POUDRE RIVER RESULTS
For this annual report, six key sites were identified that are considered representative of
conditions on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP River. The selected sites are:

Mainstem above North Fork
JWC – Joe Wright Creek above Mainstem
PJW – Poudre above Joe Wright Creek
PNF – Poudre above North Fork

North Fork above Mainstem
NFL – North Fork at Livermore (above Seaman Reservoir)
NFG – North Fork at Gage below Seaman Reservoir

Mainstem below North Fork Confluence
PBD – Poudre at Bellvue Diversion
Discussion of the results will focus primarily on these 6 sites; however, data from all sites
were reviewed and analyzed and any notable events and trends are included in the
discussion. A full set of data summary graphs is contained in Attachment 6; raw data are
available upon request from the City of Fort Collins.
2.1
Hydrology
Discharge was measured during sampling at two sites on the Mainstem CLP and four
sites on the North Fork CLP. These sites included:
South Fork Poudre (SFM; Mainstem)
Poudre above Joe Wright Creek (PJW; Mainstem)
North Fork at Rabbit Creek (NRC; North Fork)
Rabbit Creek Mouth (RCM; North Fork)
Stonewall Creek Mouth (SCM; North Fork)
Lone Pine Creek Mouth (PCM; North Fork)
Discharge at these sites was not continuously monitored; values presented for these sites
represent instantaneous discharge measurements collected on the specified sampling
dates. Continuous stream flow data at other key locations were obtained from USGS and
CDWR online reporting sites for flow gauging stations and from the current Poudre River
Commissioner, George Varra. Discharge values for these sites are presented as daily
averages.
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5
Both the Mainstem and North Fork sites show snowmelt-dominated hydrographs (Fig. 2).
Spring runoff for the year 2008 began in early May with peak flows occurring on June 6th
and June 9th for the lower Mainstem and North Fork sites, respectively (Fig. 3).
Figure 2. 2005 – 2008 Daily average stream flow at key Upper CLP monitoring sites.
JWC
PJW
SFM
PNF
NFL
NFG
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
PBD
01/01/05
cfs
2005 - 2008 Daily Average Stream Flow
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
Date
Figure 3. 2008 Daily Average Stream Flow at key Upper CLP monitoring sites.
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
JWC
PJW
SFM
PNF
NFL
NFG
12/16/08
11/21/08
10/27/08
10/02/08
09/07/08
08/13/08
07/19/08
06/24/08
05/30/08
05/05/08
04/10/08
03/16/08
02/20/08
01/26/08
PBD
01/01/08
cfs
2008 Daily Average Stream Flow
Date
Despite smaller peak daily average flows in two of the largest headwater sources to the
Mainstem Poudre, PJW and SFM, the lower Mainstem (PNF) recorded slightly higher
peak daily average flows for 2008 (1740 cfs) than in the previous three years. Peak daily
average stream flow at JWC (215 cfs) was higher than years 2005-2007, whereas, at
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
6
PJW, 2008 peak flow (105 cfs) was considerably lower than in both 2005 and 2006 (year
2007 data were not included in the PJW time-comparison due to a large number of
missing flow measurements). In addition, peak stream flows on the South Fork (SFM),
another major tributary to the upper Mainstem, have consistently declined since 2005.
The North Fork at NFG experienced a significantly higher peak daily average flow (1350
cfs) than in all previous years, including the substantial peak of 2005 (843 cfs). It is
important to note that stream flow measurements at NFG are largely controlled by
Seaman Reservoir operations and the associated water releases. During a typical spring
runoff season, North Fork flows to Seaman Reservoir are matched in large part, by
outflow over the spillway back into the North Fork. In this situation, it is expected that
the hydrograph at NFG would closely resemble that of NFL, located above Seaman
Reservoir. However, in situations where incoming flows are used to fill the reservoir or
when additional reservoir releases are necessary to meet downstream needs, the
hydrographs as well as water quality at NFG and NFL can differ substantially.
During June 2008, a series of coincident events on the lower North Fork CLP resulted in
exceptionally high peak flows at NFG. In late May, the City of Greeley discovered
mechanical problems with the gates on Seaman Reservoir, impacting their ability to
effectively control water releases. In response, the decision was made to drain the
reservoir and fix the gates (details provided through personal communications with J.
McCutchan, 2008). The subsequent 9-day reservoir drawdown began on June 3, 2008,
during which time between 483 and 1350 cfs of water was released daily. On June 5th
and 6th, a large precipitation event occurred within the North Fork basin, at a time when
flows were already increasing in response to spring-runoff. On June 11th, the decision
was made to refill Seaman Reservoir because the high volume of incoming North Fork
stream flow had prevented sufficient drawdown to address the mechanical issues. During
this time, the peak daily average flow observed at NFG was 1350 cfs, which occurred
approximately 3 days after Mainstem peak flows.
In this case, the comparison of NFG and NFL data was useful for understanding whether
resulting trends in discharge and water quality at NFG were related to spring runoff and
the large precipitation event or to Seaman Reservoir operations. Based on this
comparison, it appears that flow patterns at NFG closely match those of NFL (Fig. 4).
This suggests that although Seaman Reservoir drawdown contributed to the higher than
normal peak-flows, spring snow-melt and precipitation events within the North Fork
basin were the largest influences on the magnitude and timing of NFG peak-flows.
At PBD, the majority of measured stream flow can be attributed to Mainstem sources and
as expected, the hydrographs of PBD and PNF track closely, except in years which NFG
contributes higher than normal flow. This is best exemplified in 2005 and 2008, during
which maximum daily average flows of 2,010 cfs and 2,200 cfs, respectively, were
recorded at PBD (Fig. 2).
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
7
Figure 4. 2008 Daily Average Stream Flow at NFL and NFG
2008 Daily Average Stream Flow
1500
cfs
1250
1000
NFL
750
NFG
500
250
12/16/08
11/21/08
10/27/08
10/02/08
09/07/08
08/13/08
07/19/08
06/24/08
05/30/08
05/05/08
04/10/08
03/16/08
02/20/08
01/26/08
01/01/08
0
Date
2.2
Water Temperature
Water temperature increases with decreasing elevation throughout the watershed (Fig.5).
Peak temperatures occurred mid-summer, with North Fork sites peaking a few days
earlier than the Mainstem sites due to the influence of the warmer temperatures within
this lower elevation drainage. Seaman Reservoir did not have any discernible influence
on North Fork water temperature.
Figure 5. Water temperature at key Upper CLP monitoring sites.
Degrees Celsius ( o C)
Temperature
30
JWC
25
PJW
20
PNF
15
NFL
10
NFG
PBD
5
Date
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8
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
11/09/04
0
2.3
General Parameters: Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, pH and Turbidity
Conductivity is an index of dissolved ionic solids in the water and hardness is an index of
the total calcium and magnesium in the water. Alkalinity is a measure of the effective
acid buffering capacity of the water, and is derived, in large part, from the dissociation of
mineral carbonates (CO3-), bicarbonates (HCO3-) and hydroxides (OH-). Across the
watershed, these three parameters track closely, with minimum values occurring during
peak run-off when the concentrations of all dissolved constituents are diluted by large
volume flows, and high values occurring at times of low flow (Figures 6.a – 6.d).
In general, conductivity, hardness and alkalinity increased with decreasing elevation.
Accordingly, North Fork sites showed consistently higher values for these parameters
than Mainstem sites, which reflect the combined influences of differing geology and
elevation. On the Mainstem, water releases from Barnes Meadow Reservoir, a highelevation reservoir situated above JWC, are infrequent, and do not typically display
extreme conductivity or hardness; however, water released on 4/30/08 showed relatively
high conductivity (518 us/cm) and hardness (136 mg/L). In this case, the only effects on
downstream water quality were small increases in conductivity and hardness at JWC
where conductivity increased from 59 to 86 us/cm and hardness increased from 23 to
31mg/L. The duration and volume of the release were not sufficient to result in
persistently elevated readings at any downstream location.
Strong spikes in hardness and alkalinity were also observed at NFG (365 mg/l and 456
mg/l, respectively) on 6/10/2008, but occurred in the absence of a spike in conductivity.
The accuracy of data related to this unusual occurrence was verified using independent
calculations and comparisons of field and lab measurements, but the available data did
not explain the low conductivity values. Because this event did not have any persistent
impact on water quality and the data appear to be reliable, it was determined that no
further investigation is needed at this time.
Spikes in hardness and alkalinity at NFG coincided with peak spring-runoff and the end
of the Seaman Reservoir draw-down period. A coincident peak in turbidity values (1045
NTU; Fig. 6.e) suggests that high hardness values are likely caused by the large amount
of sediments discharged with the deep waters of Seaman Reservoir. The sediment-laden
water release resulted in observable downstream peaks in hardness, alkalinity and
turbidity at PBD, although the magnitude of the peaks was reduced by the dilution effect
of Mainstem flows.
In 2008, the pH of the Upper CLP waters followed similar patterns related to season and
elevation as alkalinity, conductivity and hardness (Fig. 6.d). In particular, the North Fork
exhibited higher pH than the Mainstem, with all sites experiencing annual minimum
values during spring runoff. 2008 pH values ranged from 6.7 – 7.8 on the Mainstem and
from 6.9 – 8.5 on the North Fork; all values were within the ranges observed in previous
years.
Turbidity peaked at all sites during spring run-off, with the North Fork showing much
higher peaks than Mainstem sites. High turbidities at NFG and PBD occurred during the
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
9
Seaman Reservoir drawdown. However, during this period, turbidity at NFL upstream of
Seaman Reservoir was approximately three times greater than at PNF due to snowmelt
and rainfall runoff (Fig.6.e). In periods of lower flow, turbidity decreased considerably
and values on the Mainstem and North Fork were similar.
Figure 6 (a –e). General water quality parameters at key Upper CLP monitoring sites: Conductivity,
Hardness, Alkalinity, pH and Turbidity
6.a. Conductivity
JWC
PJW
PNF
NFL
NFG
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
PBD
02/17/05
uS/cm @ 25 o C
Conductivity
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Date
6.b. Hardness
JWC
PJW
PNF
NFL
NFG
Date
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10
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
PBD
02/17/05
mg/L
Hardness
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
11
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
pH
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
11/09/04
mg/L
6.c. Alkalinity
Alkalinity
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
JWC
PJW
PNF
NFL
NFG
PBD
Date
6.d. pH
pH
9.5
9.0
JWC
8.5
PJW
8.0
PNF
7.5
NFL
7.0
NFG
6.5
PBD
6.0
5.5
6.e. Turbidity
Turbidity
50
JWC
6/10/08, 1045 NTU
PJW
40
PNF
NTU
6/10/08, 170 NTU
30
NFL
NFG
20
PBD
10
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
11/09/04
0
Date
2.4
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Seasonal patterns of TOC concentrations in the upper CLP watershed are generally
consistent year-to-year, with annual maximum TOC values occurring during the spring
snowmelt runoff period. This trend was evident in years 2005 through 2008, with
Mainstem sites generally peaking several days earlier than North Fork sites (Fig. 7).
Figure 7. TOC concentrations at key Upper CLP monitoring sites.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
16
JWC
14
PJW
mg/L
12
PNF
10
8
NFL
6
NFG
4
PBD
2
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
12
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
0
In general, the highest Mainstem TOC concentrations were observed at the high-elevation
site, PJW, an occurrence that is likely related to the high proportion of runoff occurring
as snowmelt near the Mainstem headwaters. Water released from Barnes Meadow
Reservoir (BMR) during spring runoff has historically resulted in exceptionally high
concentrations of TOC entering into mainstem flows due to boggy conditions within this
sub drainage (Billica, Loftis and Moore, 2008). From 2005 – 2008, peak TOC
concentrations at BMR were between 10-14 mg/l and often surpassed TOC
concentrations at PJW. However, releases from BMR were infrequent and short duration,
and their impact on source water supplies at PNF and PBD was minimal. In 2008, an
exceptionally large spike in TOC also occurred in the incoming waters diverted through
the Laramie River Tunnel (LRT). The average peak value of 14.25 mg/L on 5/27/08
represented a large increase over peak TOC values recorded in 2006 or 2007, which were
8.75 and 8.82 mg/L, respectively.
In 2008, all North Fork sites had peak TOC values above 10 mg/L, with the small
tributaries, Rabbit Creek Mouth (RCM) and Pine Creek Mouth (PCM) reporting the
highest TOC concentrations (13.0 and 13.8 mg/L, respectively). NFL and NFG reported
slightly lower peak values of 11.7 mg/L and 10.9 mg/l, respectively, both which were
higher than values reported in 2005-2007. Concentrations on the North Fork are higher
than on the Mainstem; however, higher volume flow results in greater loads on the
Mainstem.
Seasonal differences in TOC concentrations were also observed between Mainstem and
North Fork sites. On the North Fork, the higher TOC levels persisted throughout the late
summer season, after levels at Mainstem sites had decreased dramatically. This longer
period of elevated TOC is reflected by the higher late-summer average TOC values at
NFL and NFG (Fig. 8).
Figure 8. 2008 Seasonal Average TOC concentrations at key Upper CLP monitoring sites.
2008 Seasonal Average TOC
mg/L
9
8
7
JWC
PJW
6
5
PNF
4
NFG
NFL
3
2
1
PBD
0
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Season
(Winter: 11/07-4/15/08; Spring: 4/16/08 - 06/08; Summer: 07/08-08/08; Fall: 09/08-10/08)
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
13
The persistence of elevated TOC levels on the North Fork during periods of low flow
suggests the presence of an additional source or sources of TOC other than that mobilized
during spring snowmelt. Possible sources of this additional TOC include water released
from Halligan and Seaman Reservoirs, and runoff from agricultural land within the North
Fork basin. A study was conducted in 2008 by Dr. Mel Suffet at UCLA to evaluate the
characteristics of TOC in the source waters of the Fort Collins Water Treatment Facility,
the Tri-Districts Soldier Canyon Filter Plant and the City of Greeley-Bellvue Water
Treatment Plant. Results of this study may provide additional information about the
origins of TOC at NFG; however, this information was not available at the time of this
report.
2.5
Nutrients
A complete comparison of 2008 data with years 2005- 2008 was not possible for several
nutrient parameters due to differences in reporting limits between the former monitoring
programs. Those parameters include ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus and orthophosphate. For the purpose of this report, the discussion of results only pertains to values
above the reporting limits currently used by the FCWQL for 2008 data.
Current reporting limits are 5 ug/L for ortho-phosphate, 10 ug/L for ammonia and total
phosphorus, and 40 ug/L for nitrate and nitrite, and are considerably higher than those
used by Dr. Lewis in years 2005- 2007. Analysis of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
began in 2008.
North Fork. In general, higher nutrient concentrations were observed on the North Fork
than at Mainstem sites, as reflected by values at NFL and NFG (Figures 9). These sites
were characterized by frequent spikes in ammonia, nitrate, total phosphorus and orthophosphate from 2005 through 2008; however, nutrient spikes at NFG were larger and
more frequent because of the influence of Seaman Reservoir, especially in non-runoff
times of the year. There were no exceedances of EPA drinking water quality standards
for nutrients.
From 2005 through 2007, consistent increases in nitrate, total phosphorus and orthophosphorus were observed at NFG, followed by decreasing concentrations in 2008. In
2008, summer and fall releases from Halligan reservoir resulted in high concentrations of
ammonia at NBH, and both PCM and RCM exhibited high concentrations of nitrate and
total phosphorus, but these spikes did not correspond well to spikes observed at NFL.
Nitrite was non-detectable throughout the watershed in 2008.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
14
Figure 9 (a-f). Nutrient concentrations at key Upper CLP monitoring sites.
9.a. Ammonia (NH3)
JWC
6/10/08, 836 ug/L
PJW
PNF
NFL
NFG
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
PBD
02/17/05
ug/L
Ammonia (NH3)
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Date
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
9.b. Nitrate (NO3)
Nitrate (NO3)
450
JWC
375
PJW
PNF
ug/L
300
NFL
225
NFG
150
PBD
75
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
15
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
9.c. Nitrite (NO2)
Nitrite (NO2)
50
JWC
PJW
40
ug/L
PNF
30
NFL
NFG
20
PBD
10
Date
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
9.d. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
2000
1500
ug/L
JWC
6/10/08, 16,122 ug/L
6/10/08, 2275 ug/L
1750
PJW
PNF
1250
NFL
1000
NFG
750
PBD
500
250
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
16
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
0
9.e. Ortho-phosphate (PO4)
JWC
PJW
PNF
NFL
NFG
Date
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
PBD
02/17/05
ug/L
Ortho-Phosphate (PO4)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 5 ug/L)
9.f. Total Phosphorus
Total Phosphorus
200
150
ug/L
JWC
6/10/08, 6000 ug/L
6/10/08, 940 ug/L
175
PJW
PNF
125
NFL
100
NFG
75
PBD
50
25
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
17
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
Seaman Drawdown. During the 2008 drawdown of Seaman Reservoir, significant
concentrations of TKN, total phosphorus and ammonia were observed at NFG, while
nitrate and ortho-phosphate were not detected. The dilution effect of the high flows
accounts for the non-detectable concentrations of dissolved nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphate). Because TKN and total phosphorus include non-soluble nitrogen and
phosphorus fractions bound within sediments and organic matter, their concentrations
increased dramatically as the deep, sediment-laden waters were released from the
reservoir. Large nutrient spikes on the North Fork were typically reflected at PBD,
although the magnitudes of the events were smaller than at NFG due to the dilution effect
of Mainstem flows.
Mainstem. Nitrite and ortho-phosphate were generally not detected on the Mainstem.
The exception was JWC, which had detectable levels of ortho-phosphate in 2008. Total
phosphorus concentrations were similar to previous three years during which PNF
experienced the highest values.
Nitrate concentrations were generally low at all sites, consistent with the previous three
years, and displayed a seasonal pattern of highest concentrations prior to spring runoff
followed by a decrease during the high flow period and a return to higher values in the
late summer. Highest Mainstem concentrations were consistently observed at PJW,
although much higher nitrate concentrations were occasionally seen in water released
from BMR, JWC and LRT. For example, in 2008, peak nitrate values from 141-156 ug/L
were observed at PJW, while water released from BMR and LRT had maximum nitrate
concentrations of 359 ug/L and 121ug/L, respectively. The timing of peak concentrations
of nitrate at the lower elevation site, PNF, generally corresponded to upstream peaks at
PJW. TKN concentrations were fairly constant throughout the year with the highest
concentrations occurring at PNF.
2.6
Metals
Metals are sampled twice annually at two sites, PNF and NFG. All metals are analyzed
for dissolved fractions except iron (Fe), which is analyzed for both total and dissolved
fractions. In 2008, dissolved concentrations of silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), chromium
(Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were not detected.
Due to analytical error, dissolved iron fractions were not determined in 2008, but will be
analyzed in future years for all sampling dates. Total iron concentrations at PNF were
146 ug/L and 513 ug/L on 5/27/08 and 11/19/08, respectively. At NFG, total iron was not
detected on 5/27/08, but was measured at 1,233 ug/L on 11/19/08. Total concentrations at
both sites on 11/19/08 exceeded the EPA secondary drinking water maximum
contaminant level (MCL) for iron of 300 ug/L. Secondary drinking water MCLs are
guidelines for constituents that may cause aesthetic effects such as discoloration, but do
not pose a threat to public health. Because water treatment processes remove much of the
iron in raw water supplies, the iron concentrations reported for the Upper CLP are not
expected to have adverse effects on finished water supplies.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
18
2.7
Pathogens: Cryptosporidium and Giardia
Cryptosporidium and Giardia testing on the North Fork sites above and below Halligan
Reservoir began in 2006. In 2008, the NDC sampling site was moved upstream of the
confluence with Dale Creek to accommodate potential future expansion of Halligan
Reservoir. This site represents the water quality of the North Fork flows, above Dale
Creek, as source waters to Halligan Reservoir. Samples on the Mainstem Poudre are
collected from the raw Poudre water supply at the FCWTF, but are considered
representative of values at PNF since there are no additional inflows to the water supply
between the intake structure at PNF and the FCWTF.
Giardia is more abundant than Cryptosporidium on both Mainstem and North Fork (Fig.
10 and 11). From 2005- 2008, Giardia was present at levels ranging from 0 to 35 cysts/L,
whereas Cryptosporidium was frequently not detected, with no observed values
exceeding 0.7 oocysts/L.
The Mainstem had higher concentrations of both Giardia and Cryptosporidium than the
North Fork in 2006 and 2007, with peak values occurring in 2007. NBH consistently had
the lowest Giardia concentrations. 2008 differed from previous years, in that NDC
showed increases in concentrations of both protozoa that were higher than the Mainstem.
Cryptosporidium was also higher at NBH than on the Mainstem.
Cryptosporidium and Giardia both show an increase over time at NDC, however, due to
the change in sampling site location, it is not possible to determine whether the trend is
due to changes occurring within the watershed, or is a response to site-specific
conditions. There was, however, a general seasonal increase at NDC with a strong peak
on 10/7/08 of 35.1 cysts/L of Giardia and 0.69 oocysts/L of Cryptosporidium, the highest
values on record.
Figure 10. Concentrations of Giardia on Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
Giardia on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP
# cysts/L
40
35
Poudre @
FCWTF
30
NDC
25
NBH
20
15
NFG
10
5
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
19
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
Figure 11. Concentrations of Cryptosporidium on Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
Poudre @
FCWTF
NDC
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
NBH
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
NFG
01/01/05
# cysts/L
Cryptosporidium on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP
Date
2.8
Total Coliforms and E. coli
Total coliforms and E. coli samples were collected from 2005 -2007 as part of the City of
Greeley’s water quality monitoring program as well as by the City of Fort Collins. A
comparison of all available data suggests that differences in the concentrations reported
by the two programs are larger than what would be expected by inter-annual variation
and are not supported by similar trends in nutrients, other water quality parameters or
reported events within the watershed. Therefore, the data are not considered comparable
and only results from the FCWQL are presented in this report.
PNF was the only site for which a complete data set from the FCWQL was available for
2005 – 2008. In 2008, values for E. coli and total coliforms were within the range of
values observed from the previous three years (Fig. 12 & 13). PBD had similar
concentrations of total coliforms as PNF, but E. coli concentrations differed at the two
sites.
In 2008, the highest total coliform and E. coli concentrations were measured at NFG.
Despite the lack of comparable data between 2008 and previous years, the agricultural
(animal grazing) activities within the North Fork watershed likely result in higher loads
of these constituents compared to the Upper Mainstem. In order to gain a better
understanding of these sources within the North Fork watershed, it is recommended that
the North Fork at Livermore (NFL) site be sampled for total coliform and E.coli in 2009.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
20
Figure 12. Concentrations of total coliforms at key Upper CLP monitoring sites
JWC
PJW
PNF
NFG
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
PBD
01/01/05
colonies / 100 ml
Total Coliforms on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Date
Figure 13. Concentrations of E. coli at key Upper CLP monitoring sites.
JWC
PJW
PNF
NFG
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
PBD
01/01/05
colonies / 100 ml
E.coli on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Date
2.9
Geosmin
Geosmin samples for the Upper CLP Mainstem were collected from October through
December at the FCWTF raw Poudre sample station. Concentrations of all samples were
below the 5 parts per trillion (ppt) odor threshold; values ranged from 1.1 to 2.3 ppt. The
2008 values were similar to 2005 – 2007 concentrations (Fig. 14).
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
21
Figure 14. Geosmin concentration of the Mainstem CLP, sampled at the FCWTF.
Geosmin concentrations of the Mainstem CLP at FCWTF
7.0
6.0
ppt
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
22
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0.0
(-----Odor Threshold, 5 ppt)
3.0 SEAMAN RESERVOIR RESULTS
3.1
Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, and Conductivity Profiles
The onset of thermal stratification in Seaman Reservoir began in May, prior to the
reservoir draw-down (Fig.15.a). Following the draw-down and subsequent refilling of
the reservoir, stratification was again detectable by 6/24/08 and progressed through July.
Because the usual progression of thermal stratification was interrupted by reservoir
operations, the thermocline was only weakly established. As a result, the water column
began to mix after the mid-August sampling date, which was much earlier than usual
(Lewis, 2007). The earlier than usual mixing of the reservoir may be due, in part, to the
lower overall depth of the reservoir than in previous years. At the time of turnover, the
reservoir was 15 meters deep, which was approximately 2 meters lower than average for
that time of year.
Despite the limited thermal stratification, the bottom waters still reached near-anoxic
conditions with dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentrations of 1 to 2 mg/L by the August
sampling date (Fig 15.b). However, the period of low D.O. at the reservoir bottom was
shorter and less severe than in the previous three years (Figure 16). The D.O. oxygen
generally falls to zero at the bottom of Seaman Reservoir and remains there for a period
of time. The release of manganese and phosphorus from the bottom sediments can occur
during this time.
pH tracked closely with D.O. concentrations, with pH values ranging from 7.6 to 9.0 at
the surface and 7.1 to 7.7 at the bottom (Fig.15c). Conductivity values were higher under
well-mixed conditions, with lower values occurring from June through August (Fig. 15d).
In general, conductivity did not vary substantially with depth for a given sampling date.
Figure 15 (a-d). 2008 Seaman Reservoir Profiles
15.a Temperature
2008 Seaman Reservoir Temperature Profiles
04/08/08
0
04/29/08
Depth (m)
2
05/13/08
4
05/27/08
6
06/10/08
8
06/24/08
10
07/22/08
12
08/19/08
14
09/17/08
16
10/15/08
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Temperature (o C)
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
23
18
20
22
24
11/19/08
15.b. Dissolved Oxygen
2008 Seaman Reservoir Dissolved Oxygen Profiles
04/08/08
0
04/29/08
2
05/13/08
Depth (m)
4
05/27/08
6
06/10/08
8
06/24/08
10
07/22/08
12
08/19/08
14
09/17/08
16
10/15/08
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
11/19/08
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
15.c. pH
2008 Seaman Reservoir pH Profiles
04/29/08
0
05/13/08
2
05/27/08
Depth (m)
4
06/10/08
6
06/24/08
8
07/22/08
10
08/19/08
12
09/17/08
14
10/15/08
16
11/19/08
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
pH
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
24
9.0
9.5
15.d. Conductance
Depth (m)
2008 Seaman Reservoir Conductance Profiles
04/08/08
0
04/29/08
2
05/13/08
4
05/27/08
6
06/10/08
8
06/24/08
10
07/22/08
08/19/08
12
09/17/08
14
16
100
10/15/08
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
11/19/08
350
Conductance (uS/cm @ 25 o C)
Figure 16. Dissolved oxygen concentrations at the top, middle and bottom of Seaman Reservoir.
Dissolved Oxygen
12
10
Top
mg/L
8
Middle
6
Bottom
4
2
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
Date
3.2
General Parameters: Hardness, Alkalinity and Turbidity
Hardness and alkalinity values were similar; both parameters track closely on top and
bottom (Fig. 17.a and 17.b). In 2008, the seasonal trend in hardness was similar to 2005
and 2007 during which a strong spring decrease in hardness was observed, followed by a
steady return to early spring values. 2006 hardness values exhibited a much smaller
decrease than other years.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
25
The 2008 alkalinity data followed a similar seasonal pattern as hardness; data were not
available for previous years. For both parameters, minimum values occurred on 6/24/08.
In general, turbidity did not differ on the top and bottom of the reservoir, with the
exception of a strong top peak (8.62 NTU) on 8/19/08 (Fig.17.c).
Figure 17 (a-c). General water quality parameters at Seaman Reservoir: Hardness, Alkalinity and
Turbidity.
Turbidity 17.a. Hardness
Hardness
160
mg/L
140
120
100
top
middle
bottom
80
60
40
20
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
Date
17.b. Alkalinity
Alkalinity
140
120
mg/L
100
top
80
bottom
60
40
20
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
26
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
17.c. Turbidity
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
top
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
bottom
01/01/05
NTU
Turbidity
Date
3.3
Chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth
Chlorophyll-a concentrations in Seaman Reservoir were within the range observed for the
previous three years, although maximum values were lower in 2008 (Fig. 18).
Chlorophyll-a was consistently higher on the top than on the bottom, with the exception
of a late season spike in bottom concentrations which occurred in 2006. Changes in
chlorophyll-a and turbidity tracked closely, suggesting that algal growth is an important
contributor to turbidity, especially from mid-summer through fall. There were no
apparent long-term or seasonal trends in chlorophyll-a concentrations over time.
Figure 18. Chlorophyll-a concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Chlorophyll-a
30
25
top
mg/L
20
middle
15
bottom
10
Turbidity
5
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
27
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
Secchi depth, a measure of water clarity, varied between 1.7 and 5 meters throughout
2008 and values were comparable to the previous three years (Fig.19). Visual inspection
of Figure 19 indicates that the 2008 Secchi depth data were generally inversely related to
the turbidity data: when turbidity goes up, the Secchi depth goes down; when turbidity
goes down, Secchi depth goes up.
Figure 19. Secchi depth in Seaman Reservoir.
Secchi
depth
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
Turbidity
01/01/05
meters (m)
Secchi Depth
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Date
3.4
Nutrients
Concentrations of nitrate, ortho-phosphate and total phosphorus at the bottom of Seaman
Reservoir peaked on August 19 (Fig. 20), coincident with the lowest observed pH and
D.O. values in the hypolimnion. Phosphorus is released from the bottom sediments
during periods of anoxia. Similarly, high ammonia concentrations can also occur at the
bottom of Seaman Reservoir due to anoxic conditions, although this was not observed on
the August 19 sampling date. The late season peaks in ammonia, ortho-phosphate and
total phosphorus at the reservoir bottom were significantly lower in 2008 than in the
previous three years because of the short period of low dissolved oxygen and the early
reservoir turnover.
In general, ortho-phosphate, nitrate and nitrite concentrations were very low or not
detected at the top of the reservoir in 2008. The TKN concentration at the top of the
reservoir peaked on August 19 and was significantly higher than the TKN concentration
at the reservoir bottom on that day. Concentrations of ammonia and total phosphorus at
the top of the reservoir increased in the fall, likely due to reservoir mixing.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
28
Figure 20 (a-f). Nutrient concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
20.a. Ammonia (NH3)
Ammonia (NH3)
800
700
ug/L
600
top
500
middle
400
bottom
300
200
100
Date
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
20.b. Nitrate (NO3)
top
middle
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
29
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
bottom
01/01/05
ug/L
Nitrate (NO3)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
30
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
Date
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
20.c. Nitrite (NO2)
30
Nitrite (NO2)
25
top
20
middle
15
bottom
10
5
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
20.d. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
top
bottom
20.e Ortho-phosphate (PO4)
Ortho-phosphate (PO4)
350
ug/L
300
250
top
200
middle
150
bottom
100
50
Date
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 5 ug/L)
20.f. Total Phosphorus (P)
Total Phosphorus (P)
400
350
ug/L
300
top
250
middle
200
bottom
150
100
50
Date
3.5
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
(----- FCWTF Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
TOC values were comparable to previous years (Fig. 21) and generally did not differ
between the top and bottom of the reservoir. In 2008, the peak measured TOC values
were approximately 9 mg/l and occurred on 6/24/08, just prior to the refilling of the
reservoir. A subsequent decline in TOC was observed throughout the summer and fall.
Peak values in 2008 were considerably higher than in 2006 and 2007 (7.4 and 5.9 mg/L,
respectively), but slightly less than 2005 (10.2 mg/L).
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
31
Figure 21. TOC concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
12
mg/L
10
8
top
6
middle
4
bottom
2
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
Date
The TOC concentrations on the North Fork below Seaman Reservoir (as measured at the
NFG site) are generally similar to the TOC concentrations at the bottom of Seaman
Reservoir (Fig. 22). After the spring runoff period, TOC concentrations at both of these
locations are higher than the TOC in waters entering Seaman Reservoir (as measured at
the NFL site). The TOC concentrations in Seaman Reservoir and in waters below
Seaman Reservoir may be higher due to in-reservoir production of TOC from algal
growth. Also, the reservoir stores high-TOC spring runoff water that is blended with
lower TOC inflows and released over the course of the year.
Figure 22. Comparison of TOC concentrations at NFL, Seaman Reservoir, and NFG.
NFL
Seaman
Bottom
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
32
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
NFG
01/01/05
mg/L
TOC Concentrations: NFL, Seaman Reservoir & NFG
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
3.6
Total Coliforms and E. coli
Total coliforms peaked in late summer, with top and bottom concentrations of 1732 and
3654 colonies/100ml, respectively. E. coli concentrations were consistently very low. A
comparison of NFG with Seaman Reservoir values shows that NFG often had higher total
coliforms and E. coli than the top or bottom of the reservoir (Fig. 23 & 24). Furthermore,
since there is not a clear relationship between NFG and in-reservoir values, there may be
an additional bacteria source downstream of the reservoir, above the gage at NFG.
Figure 23. Total Coliforms in Seaman Reservoir and at NFG
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
top
bottom
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
NFG
01/01/05
# cysts/L
Total coliforms
Date
Figure 24. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Seaman Reservoir and at NFG
top
bottom
Date
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
33
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
NFG
01/01/05
# cysts/L
E.coli
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
3.7
Geosmin
In 2008, geosmin was sampled at the top, middle and bottom of the reservoir profile on
three occasions between August and December. All reported values were at or above the
odor threshold of 5 ppt. Maximum concentrations for top, middle and bottom occurred on
9/15/08 and were 34.17 ppt, 36.67 ppt and 13.64 ppt, respectively (Fig. 25). Peak
concentrations for the previous three years ranged from 24 ppt (2007) to 128 ppt (2006).
Figure 25. Geosmin concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Top
Middle
Date
3.8
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
Bottom
01/01/05
ppt
Geosmin
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(----- Odor Threshold, 5 ppt)
Algae
Algae sample collection was mistakenly omitted from the 2008 sampling routine. 2009
samples will be collected and analyzed according to the Upper CLP monitoring plan
(Billica, Loftis and Moore, 2008).
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
34
4.0 SUMMARY
Review of the 2008 Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program data
indicated that the program adequately captured the seasonal trends in water quality and
provided a spatial context for examining notable events, such as the large precipitation
event that occurred on the North Fork drainage on June 5th and 6th.
The Mainstem and the North Fork, as expected, exhibited different water quality
characteristics, resulting from differences in geology and elevation. In general, no
significant concerns related to water quality were identified for either the Mainstem or
North Fork CLP. During spring runoff, the Mainstem and the North Fork both presented
the usual challenges to water treatment, including the delivery of waters with high TOC,
high turbidity and low alkalinity. The primary differences in water quality between the
two drainages include higher alkalinity and nutrient concentrations, as well as persistently
elevated TOC concentrations on the North Fork.
Seaman Reservoir exhibited near-anoxic conditions in the bottom waters during the
summer months. In the previous three years, the period of anoxia has been longer and
more severe. The usual progression of thermal stratification was interrupted by the nineday reservoir drawdown that occurred in early June. This resulted in a weakly
established thermocline, early turnover, and a short period of near-anoxic conditions at
the reservoir bottom.
The 2008 drawdown of Seaman Reservoir demonstrated the fact that reservoir releases
into North Fork CLP can significantly alter the water quality at downstream locations, but
the influence of these releases on the water quality at the Bellvue Diversion (PBD) is
highly dependent on the time of year and volume of release.
Samples will continue to be analyzed for all parameters in 2009. Suggested changes to
the Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program for 2009 include
adding the algae identification that was omitted in 2008, and adding North Fork above
Livermore (NFL) to the site list for total coliform and E.coli sampling to better
understand the relationships between pathogen concentrations on the North Fork and
Seaman Reservoir.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
35
5.0 REFERENCES
Billica, Loftis and Moore, 2008. Design of a Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring
Pogram for the Upper Cache la Poudre River. July 14, 2008.
Lewis Jr., W.M., 2007. Studies of Water Quality for the Water Supply to the Bellvue
Water Treatment Plant: Presentation and Interpretation of Monitoring Data for Year
2006. City of Greeley, CO, March 1, 2007.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
36
ATTACHMENT 1
Land use comparison of the North Fork and Mainstem CLP
(areas calculated using USGS Seamless GIS data sets).
Land Use Comparison
Developed land (commercial,
industrial, residential, urban, and
utilities)
Agricultural use and grassland
(Cropland, pasture, other
agriculture, scrub and grasses)
Forest (forest and brush)
Natural lands (exposed rock, bare
ground, wetlands, tundra, lakes)
Total
North Fork
(acres)
Main Stem
(acres)
North Fork
Area (%)
Main Stem
Area (%)
2,817
1,945
0.8
0.7
183,719
54,765
52.3
18.3
154,654
213,879
44.1
71.5
9,926
28,473
2.8
9.5
351,116
299,062
100
100
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
37
ATTACHMENT 2
Upper CLP collaborative water quality monitoring program sampling sites.
MAIN
STEM
Description
Rationale
Chambers Lake Outflow
Outflow from Chambers Lake
Barnes Meadow Reservoir
outflow
Joe Wright Creek at Aspen Glen
Campground
Poudre at Hwy14 crossing (Big
South Trailhead)
Laramie River at Tunnel at Hwy
14 crossing
High TOC and nutrients compared to
CHR
Joe Wright Creek above confluence
with main stem
GPS
Coordinates
N 40° 36.039
W 105° 50.203
N 40° 36.039
W 105° 50.203
N 40° 37.233
W 105° 49.098
N 40° 38.074
W 105° 48.421
N 40° 40.056
W 105° 48.067
N 40° 41.967
W 105° 32.476
1
100CHR
2
090BMR
3
080JWC
4
070PJW
5
060LRT
6
050PBR
Poudre below Rustic
7
040SFM
South Fork at bridge on Pingree
Park Rd
8
030PSF
Poudre below confluence with
South Fork - Mile Marker 101
Below confluence with South Fork
N 40° 41.224
W 105° 26.895
9
020PNF
Poudre above North Fork 1/2 mile
upstream from Old FC WTP#1
Represents water diverted at Munroe
Tunnel and at Old FC WTP #1
N 40° 42.087
W 105° 14.484
10
010PBD
Poudre at Bellvue Diversion
Greeley WTP Intake
N 40° 39.882
W 105° 12.995
Inflow to Halligan Reservoir
N 40° 53.852’
W 105° 22.556’
Outflow from Halligan Reservoir
N 40° 52.654’
W 105° 20.314’
11
12
NORTH FORK
North Fork above Halligan
280NDC
Reservoir; above confluence with
Dale Creek
North Fork at USGS gage below
270NBH
Halligan Reservoir
13
260NRC
North Fork above Rabbit Creek
14
250RCM
Rabbit Creek Mouth
15
240SCM
Stonewall Creek Mouth
16
230PCM
Lone Pine Creek Mouth
17
220NFL
North Fork at Livermore
18
210SER
Seaman Reservoir
19
200NFG
North Fork below Seaman
Reservoir
Above confluence Joe Wright Creek
Laramie River diversion water
Midpoint between Laramie River
Tunnel and South Fork; impacts to river
from Rustic
Only access point on South Fork;
South Fork water quality differs from
main stem
Main stem North Fork above Rabbit
Creek; downstream of Phantom
Canyon
Tributary to North Fork; drainage area
includes agricultural/grazing lands;
significant flows late spring to early
summer only
Tributary to North Fork; drains area
east of Hwy 287; significant flows late
spring to early summer only
Tributary to North Fork; drainage area
includes Red Feather Lakes; significant
flows late spring to early summer only
At USGS gage
Reservoir profiles; impacts to water
quality from nutrient loadings
At gage below Seaman Res; sample
before flow enters Poudre main stem
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
38
N 40° 37.095
W 105° 31.535
N 40° 49.640
W 105° 16.776
N 40° 48.615
W 105° 17.146
N 40° 48.458
W 105° 15.195
N 40° 47.696
W 105° 17.231
N 40° 47.269
W 105° 15.130
N 40° 42.274
W 105° 14.210
N 40° 42.143
W 105° 14.064
ATTACHMENT 3
U
Upper CLP collaborative water quality monitoring program parameter list.
Rationale
Notes
Field Parameters
Conductance
Indicator of total dissolved solids.
Profile at Seaman
Reservoir
Dissolved Oxygen
Profile indicates stratification, importance for aquatic life
and chemical processes.
Profile at Seaman
Reservoir
Secchi Disk
Measure of transparency.
Seaman Reservoir only
Temperature
Reflects seasonality; affects biological and chemical
processes; water quality standard.
Profile at Seaman
Reservoir
pH
Measure of acidity.
General & Miscellaneous Parameters
Alkalinity
Indicator of carbonate species concentrations; Acid
neutralizing capacity of water; treatment implications.
Chlorophyll-a
Reflects algal biomass.
Seaman Reservoir only
Discharge
Necessary for flow dependant analysis and load
estimation.
Measured during
sampling at NRC, RCM,
SCM, PCM, PJW, SFM
Hardness
Treatment implications. Hard water causes scaling and
soft water is considered corrosive.
Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS)
Indicator of overall water quality; includes both ionic and
non-ionic species.
Total Organic
Carbon (TOC)
Important parameter for water treatment; precursor of
disinfection byproducts.
Turbidity
Indicator of suspended material; important for water
treatment.
Nutrients
Nitrogen,
Ammonia
Nitrate
Nitrite
Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
OrthoPhosphorus
(Soluble Reactive
Phosphorus)
Primary source of nitrogen to algae, indicator of
pollution by sewage, septic tanks, agriculture; water
quality standard.
Primary source of nitrogen to algae; indicator of
pollution by sewage, septic tanks, agriculture; water
quality standard.
Toxic inorganic nitrogen species; rarely encountered at
significant concentrations; water quality standard.
Sum of organic nitrogen and ammonia.
Form of phosphorous (dissolved PO4 -3) most available
to algae; indicator of pollution by sewage, septic tanks,
agriculture.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
39
Total Phosphorus
Includes dissolved and adsorbed, organic and inorganic
forms of phosphorus, indicator of pollution by sewage,
septic tanks, agriculture.
Major Ions
Calcium
Major ion.
Chloride
Major ion.
Magnesium
Major ion.
Potassium
Major ion, minor importance as a nutrient.
Sodium
Major ion.
Sulfate
Major ion.
Microbiological Constituents
Indicator of human or animal waste contamination;
E. Coli
water quality standard.
Total Coliform
Indicator of human or animal waste contamination.
Cryptosporidium
Pathogen, indicator of human or animal waste
contamination.
Giardia
Pathogen, Indicator of human or animal waste
contamination.
Algal Species
Composition
Shows presence of nuisance species and trophic state.
Metals
Cadmium,
dissolved
Chromium,
dissolved
Copper, dissolved
Iron, Total
Iron, dissolved
Lead, dissolved
Nickel, dissolved
Silver, dissolved
Zinc, dissolved
Mercury, Low
Level
Monitor for two years at
half frequency (6x/yr)
Monitor for two years at
half frequency (6x/yr)
Monitor for two years at
half frequency (6x/yr)
Monitor for two years at
half frequency (6x/yr)
Monitor for two years at
half frequency (6x/yr)
Monitor for two years at
half frequency (6x/yr)
Only from Rustic
downstream, NFG, SER
Only from Rustic
downstream, NFG, SER
Above and below
Halligan Reservoir, and
below Seaman
Reservoir
Above and below
Halligan Reservoir, and
below Seaman Res
Seaman Reservoir
surface sample only
Indicator of pollution from mining activity at elevated
levels; water quality standard.
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Water quality standard.
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Water quality standard.
Affects aesthetic quality of treated water.
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Affects aesthetic quality of treated water.
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Indicator of pollution from mining activity at elevated
levels; water quality standard.
Indicator of pollution from mining activity at elevated
levels; water quality standard.
Indicator of pollution from mining activity at elevated
levels.
Indicator of pollution from mining activity at elevated
levels.
Accumulates in fish tissue even when present in very
low concentrations.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
40
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Only PNF & NFG (2x/yr)
Sample every 3 to 5 yrs.
ATTACHMENT 4
Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program 2008 Sampling Plan
2008 Sampling Date
Apr 8- 9
Apr 29- 30
May 13-15
May 27-28
June 10-12
June 24-26
July 22-24
Aug 19-20
Sept 16-18
Oct 14-15
Nov 13,19 20
280NDC3
F,G,P
F,G,I
F,G,P
F,G,I
F,G,P
F,G,I
F,G,P
F,G,I,P
F,G,P
F,G,I,P
F,G,I
3
270NBH
F,G,P
F,G,I
F,G,P
F,G,I
F,G,P
F,G,I
F,G,P
F,G,I,P
F,G,P
F,G,I,P
F,G,I
260NRC
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,D
250RCM
G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
240SCM
G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
230PCM
G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
220NFL
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G,I
F,G,E,P
F,G,I,E
F,G,E,P
F,G,I,M,E
F,G,E,P
F,G,I,E
F,G,E,P
F,G,I,E,P
F,G,E,P
F,G,I,M,E,P
F,G,I,E
Station
North Fork
200NFG
4
Main Stem
100CHR
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G,I
090BMR2
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G,I
080JWC
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G,I
070PJW
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,D
060LRT
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G
F,G,I
F,G,I
050PBR
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
040SFM
030PSF
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,D
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
020PNF
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E,M
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E,M
F,G,I,E
010PBD
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,I,E
F,G,A,C,E
F,G,I,A,C,E
F,G,A,C,E
F,G,I,A,C,E
F,G,A,C,E
F,G,I,A,C,E
F,G,A,C,E
F,G,I,A,C,E
F,G,A,C,E
F,G,I,A,C,E
F,G,I,A,C,E
Reservoir
210SER1
1
Grab samples taken at two depths (Top & Bottom); meter samples at 1-m intervals.
2
Call commissioner to find out if water is flowing. If not flowing, skip sample.
3
To be sampled by Fort Collins personnel; all other stations to be sampled by Dr. Bill Lewis’ Team.
4
Giardia/Cryptosporidium sampling to be conducted bv Fort Collins personnel.
A = Algae (Lugol’s); C = Chlorophyll (500 mL sample);
D = Flow; F = Field data (Temp, pH, conductance streams + Secchi, DO for lake); G = 1 liter sampleor general, nutrients, TOC;
= E. coli, coliform (500 mL sterile bottle); I = Major ions; M = Metals; P = Giardia/Cryptosporidium.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
41
E
ATTACHMENT 5
Analytical methods, reporting limits, sample preservation, and sample holding times.
Parameter
Microbiological
General &
Misc.
Nutrients
Major Ions
Metals
TOC
Total Coliform, E.coli - QT
Giardia & Cryptosporidium
(CH Diagnostics)
Method
Reporting
Limit
Preservation
Holding
Time
SM 9223 B
0
cool, 4C
6 hrs
EPA 1623
0
cool, 4C
4 days
Lugol's Solution,
cool, 4C
12 mo
none
cool, 4C
none
none
cool, 4C
none
H2SO4
cool, 4C (eda)
H2SO4 pH<2
H2SO4 pH<2
filter, cool 4C
none
none (eda)
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
cool, 4C (eda)
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HNO3 pH <2
HCl pH <2
14 days
48 hrs
28 days
28 days
7 days
48 hrs
28 days
48 hrs
28 days
28 days
48 hrs
28 days
28 days
6 mos
6 mos
6 mos
28 days
6 mos
6 mos
6 mos
6 mos
6 mos
6 mos
6 mos
6 mos
28 days
Algae I.D. (Phyto Finders)
SM 10200E.3,
SM 10200F.2c1
Alkalinity, as CaCO3
Chlorophyll a
Hardness, as CaCO3
Specific Conductance
Total Dissolved Solids
Turbidity (NTU)
Ammonia - N
Nitrate + Nitrite
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Phosphorus, Total
Phosphorus, Ortho
Calcium as CaCO3
Chloride
Magnesium, flame
Potassium
Sodium, flame
Sulfate
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper, GFAA
Iron, GFAA (total & dissolved)
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc, flame
TOC
SM 2320 B
SM10200H modified
SM 2340 C
SM 2510 B
SM 2540 C
SM2130B,EPA180.1
Lachat 10-107-06-2C
EPA 300 (IC)
EPA 351.2
SM 4500-P B5,F
SM 4500-P B1,F
SM 3500-Ca D
EPA 300 (IC)
SM 3111 B
SM 3111 B
SM 3111 B
EPA 300 (IC)
SM 3113 B
SM 3113 B
SM 3113 B
SM 3113 B
SM 3113 B
SM 3113 B
SM 3113 B
SM 3111 B
SM 5310 C
2 mg/L
0.6 ug/L
2 mg/L
10 mg/L
0.01 units
0.02 mg/L
0.2 mg/L
0.1 mg/L
0.01 mg/L
0.005 mg/L
2.0 mg/L
1.0 mg/L
0.2 mg/L
0.2 mg/L
0.4 mg/L
5.0 mg/L
0.1 ug/L
0.5 ug/L
3 ug/L
5 ug/L
1 ug/L
3 ug/L
0.5 ug/L
100 ug/L
0.5 mg/L
Analysis conducted by City of Fort Collins Water Quality Lab (FCWQL), unless otherwise noted.
Reporting Limit = lowest reportable number based on the lowest calibration standard routinely used.
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
42
ATTACHMENT 6
(included as a separate pdf file)
2008 Upper CLP Collaborative Water Quality Monitoring Program
Graphical Summary
2/23/2009 Upper CLP Report
43
2008 Upper Cache la Poudre River
Cooperative Water Quality Monitoring Program
Graphical Summary
Prepared for:
City of Fort Collins Utilities
City of Greeley
Tri-Districts
Prepared by:
Jill Oropeza, Watershed Specialist
City of Fort Collins Utilities
Judith A. Billica, P.E., Ph.D., Senior Process Engineer
City of Fort Collins Utilities
February 23, 2009
List of Figures
Figure 1 (a & b). Daily average streamflow on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP
Figure 1.a. 2008 Daily average streamflow on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP..…….2
Figure 1.b. 2005 - 2008 Daily average streamflow on the Mainstem and North Fork
CLP…………………………………………………………………………………………..…...2
Figure 2 (a & b). Daily average streamflow on the North Fork tributaries
Figure 2.a. 2008 Daily average streamflow on the North Fork tributaries…………..…....3
Figure 2.b. 2005 - 2008 Daily average streamflow on the North Fork tributaries .….…...3
Figure 3 (a & b). Water Temperature
Figure 3.a. Water temperature on the Mainstem CLP……………………………………..5
Figure 3.b. Water temperature on the North Fork CLP…………………..…………..…....5
Figure 4 (a & b). pH
Figure 4.a. pH on the Mainstem CLP……………………………………………..……..…..6
Figure 4.b. pH on the North Fork CLP……………………………………………………....6
Figure 5 (a & b). Conductivity
Figure 5.a. Conductivity of the Mainstem CLP……………………………………….……..7
Figure 5.b. Conductivity of the North Fork CLP…………………..……………………..….7
Figure 6 (a & b). Hardness
Figure 6.a. Hardness on the Mainstem CLP…………………………………………..…....8
Figure 6.b. Hardness on the North Fork CLP…………………..………………..…….…...8
Figure 7 (a & b). Alkalinity
Figure 7.a. Alkalinity on the Mainstem CLP…………………………………………….…...9
Figure 7.b. Alkalinity on the North Fork CLP…………………..…………………………....9
Figure 8 (a & b). Turbidity
Figure 8.a. Turbidity on the Mainstem CLP………………………………………………...10
Figure 8.b. Turbidity on the North Fork CLP…………………..…………………….……..10
Figure 9 (a & b). Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Figure 9.a. TDS on the Mainstem CLP……………………………………………………..11
Figure 9.b. TDS on the North Fork CLP…………………..………………………………..11
Figure 10 (a & b). Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Figure 10.a. TOC on the Mainstem CLP…………………………………………….……..12
Figure 10.b. TOC on the North Fork CLP…………………..………………….…………..12
Figure 11 (a & b). Ammonia (NH3)
Figure 11.a. Ammonia (NH3) on the Mainstem CLP……………………………………..14
Figure 11.b. Ammonia (NH3) on the North Fork CLP…………………..………….……..14
Figure 12 (a & b). Nitrate (NO3)
Figure 12.a. Nitrate (NO3) on the Mainstem CLP………………………………….……..15
Figure 12.b. Nitrate (NO3) on the North Fork CLP…………………..……………..……..15
List of Figures (Continued)
Figure 13 (a & b). Nitrite (NO2)
Figure 13.a. Nitrite (NO2) on the Mainstem CLP……………………………..…..……....16
Figure 13.b. Nitrite (NO2) on the North Fork CLP…………………..……………………..16
Figure 14 (a & b). Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
Figure 14.a. TKN on the Mainstem CLP………………………………………….………...17
Figure 14.b. TKN on the North Fork CLP…………………..…………………….…….…..17
Figure 15 (a & b). Total Phosphorus (P)
Figure 15.a. Total Phosphorus (P) on the Mainstem CLP…………………………….…..18
Figure 15.b. Total Phosphorus (P) on the North Fork CLP…………………..…………...18
Figure 16 (a & b). Ortho- phosphate (PO4)
Figure 16.a. Ortho-phosphate (PO4) on the Mainstem CLP…………………………..…..19
Figure 16.b. Ortho-phosphate (PO4) on the North Fork CLP…………………..………....19
Figure 17. Dissolved silver (Ag) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP………………………....21
Figure 18. Dissolved cadmium (Cd) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP…………………….21
Figure 19. Dissolved chromium (Cr) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP…………………....22
Figure 20. Dissolved copper (Cu) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP……………………….22
Figure 21. Total iron (Fe) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP……………………………..….23
Figure 22. Dissolved nickel (Ni) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP…………………………23
Figure 23. Dissolved lead (Pb) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP……………………….….24
Figure 24. Dissolved zinc (Zn) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP…………………….……..24
Figure 25 (a & b). Calcium (Ca)
Figure 25.a. Calcium (Ca) on the Mainstem CLP……………………………………….....26
Figure 25.b. Calcium (Ca) on the North Fork CLP…………………..…………..………...26
Figure 26 (a & b). Potassium (K)
Figure 26.a. Potassium (K) on the Mainstem CLP……………………………….………...27
Figure 26.b. Potassium (K) on the North Fork CLP…………………..…………….……...27
Figure 27 (a & b). Magnesium (Mg)
Figure 27.a. Magnesium (Mg) on the Mainstem CLP……………………………………...28
Figure 27.b. Magnesium (Mg) on the North Fork CLP…………………..………………...28
Figure 28 (a & b). Sodium (Na)
Figure 28.a. Sodium (Na) on the Mainstem CLP…………………………………………..29
Figure 28.b. Sodium (Na) on the North Fork CLP…………………..……………………..29
Figure 29 (a & b). Chloride (Cl)
Figure 29.a. Chloride (Cl) on the Mainstem CLP………………………………..…..…….30
Figure 29.b. Chloride (Cl) on the North Fork CLP…………………..……………………..30
List of Figures (Continued)
Figure 30 (a & b). Sulfate (SO4)
Figure 30.a.Sulfate (SO4) on the Mainstem CLP……………………………………...…...31
Figure 30.b. Sulfate (SO4) on the North Fork CLP…………………..……………………..31
Figure 31. Total coliforms on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP………………………………..33
Figure 32. E. Coli on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP……………………………………..…...33
Figure 33. Giardia on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP…………………………………..……..34
Figure 34. Cryptosporidium on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP………………………….…...34
Figure 35. Geosmin concentrations of the Mainstem CLP collected at the FCWTF………..….36
Figure 36. 2008 Seaman Reservoir temperature profiles …………………………………….…..38
Figure 37. 2008 Seaman Reservoir dissolved oxygen (D.O.) profiles……………………….…..38
Figure 38. 2008 Seaman Reservoir pH profiles………………………………………………........39
Figure 39. 2008 Seaman Reservoir conductivity profiles…………………………………...……..39
Figure 40. Alkalinity concentrations in Seaman Reservoir …………………………………….….41
Figure 41. Hardness concentrations in Seaman Reservoir ………………………………..….….41
Figure 42. Conductivity of Seaman Reservoir ……………………………………………………..42
Figure 43. pH in Seaman Reservoir …………………………………………………………….…..42
Figure 44. Turbidity in Seaman Reservoir ………………………………………………...……….43
Figure 45. Chlorophyll-a concentrations in Seaman Reservoir ………………………………….43
Figure 46. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Seaman Reservoir ………………………………….44
Figure 47. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Seaman Reservoir …………………………………..44
Figure 48. Secchi depth in Seaman Reservoir …………………………………………………….45
Figure 49. Ammonia (NH3) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir ……………………………….47
Figure 50. Nitrate (NO3) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir …………………………………..47
Figure 51. Nitrite (NO2) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir ………………………………..….48
Figure 52. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir………………..48
Figure 53. Ortho-phosphate (PO4) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir……………………….49
Figure 54. Total phosphorus concentrations in Seaman Reservoir………………………..…….49
Figure 55. Calcium (Ca) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir…………………………………...51
Figure 56. Potassium (K) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir………………………………….51
Figure 57. Magnesium (Mg) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir………………………..……..52
Figure 58. Sodium (Na) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir………………………………..…..52
Figure 59. Chloride (Cl) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir…………………………….……...53
Figure 60. Sulfate (SO4) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir…………………………………..53
Figure 61. E. coli concentrations in Seaman Reservoir………………………………………..….55
Figure 62. Total coliform concentrations in Seaman Reservoir…………………………………..55
Figure 63. Geosmin concentrations in Seaman Reservoir………………………………………..57
Mainstem and North Fork CLP:
Daily Average Stream Flow
1
Figure 1 (a & b). Daily average streamflow on Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
Figure 1.a. 2008 Daily average streamflow on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
2500
JWC
cfs
2000
PJW
SFM
1500
PNF
1000
NFL
NFG
500
PBD
12/31/08
11/30/08
10/31/08
09/30/08
08/31/08
07/31/08
07/01/08
06/01/08
05/01/08
04/01/08
03/01/08
01/31/08
01/01/08
0
Date
2500
JWC
2000
PJW
1500
SFM
PNF
1000
NFL
Date
2
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
PBD
10/28/05
0
07/20/05
NFG
04/11/05
500
01/01/05
cfs
Figure 1.b. 2005 – 2008 Daily average streamflow on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
Figure 2 (a & b). Daily average streamflow on the North Fork tributaries.
Figure 2.a. 2008 Daily average streamflow on the North Fork tributaries.
cfs
150
125
NRC
100
PCM
75
RCM
50
SCM
25
12/31/08
11/30/08
10/31/08
09/30/08
08/31/08
07/31/08
07/01/08
06/01/08
05/01/08
04/01/08
03/01/08
01/31/08
01/01/08
0
Date
Figure 2.b. 2005 – 2008 Daily average streamflow on the North Fork tributaries.
150
6/15/05; 403 cfs
NRC
100
PCM
75
RCM
50
SCM
Date
3
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
25
0
01/01/05
cfs
125
Mainstem and North Fork CLP:
General Parameters
4
Date
5
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
Degrees Celsius (oC)
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
Degrees Celsius (oC)
Figure 3 (a & b). Water Temperature
Figure 3.a. Water temperature on the Mainstem CLP.
30
CHR
25
BMR
JWC
20
PJW
15
LRT
PSF
10
SFM
5
PBR
0
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 3.b. Water temperature on the North Fork CLP.
30
25
20
15
10
5
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
0
Date
6
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
pH
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
pH
Figure 4 (a & b). pH
Figure 4.a. pH on the Mainstem CLP.
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 4.b. pH on the North Fork CLP.
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
7
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
uS/cm
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
uS/cm
Figure 5 (a & b). Conductivity
Figure 5.a. Conductivity of the Mainstem CLP.
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 5.b. Conductivity of the North Fork CLP.
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
8
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 6 (a & b). Hardness
Figure 6.a. Hardness on the Mainstem CLP.
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 6.b. Hardness on the North Fork CLP.
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
9
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 7 (a & b). Alkalinity
Figure 7.a. Alkalinity on the Mainstem CLP.
250
200
150
100
50
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 7.b. Alkalinity on the North Fork CLP.
250
6/10/08, 456 mg/L
200
150
100
50
NDC
NBH
SCM
RCM
NRC
PCM
NFL
NFG
0
Date
10
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
NTU
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
NTU
Figure 8 (a & b). Turbidity
Figure 8.a. Turbidity on the Mainstem CLP.
6/10/08, 170 NTU
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 8.b. Turbidity on the North Fork CLP.
6/10/08, 1045 NTU
NDC
NBH
SCM
RCM
NRC
PCM
NFL
NFG
11
Date
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 9 (a & b). Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Figure 9.a. TDS on the Mainstem CLP.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 9.b. TDS on the North Fork CLP.
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
12
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 10 (a & b). Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Figure 10.a. TOC on the Mainstem CLP.
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 10.b. TOC on the North Fork CLP.
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Mainstem and North Fork CLP:
Nutrients
13
Figure 11 (a & b). Ammonia (NH3)
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 11.a. Ammonia (NH3) on the Mainstem CLP.
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
6/10/08, 836.5 ug/L
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
14
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
PCM
NFL
NFG
RCM
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 11.b. Ammonia (NH3) on the North Fork CLP.
Figure 12 (a & b). Nitrate (NO3)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 12.a. Nitrate (NO3) on the Mainstem CLP.
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
15
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
5/10/07, 873.5 ug/L
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 12.b. Nitrate (NO3) on the North Fork CLP.
Figure 13 (a & b). Nitrite (NO2)
Figure 13.a. Nitrite (NO2) on the Mainstem CLP.
50
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
ug/L
40
30
20
10
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
50
NDC
40
NBH
30
RCM
20
SCM
NRC
PCM
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
16
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
NFG
10/28/05
0
07/20/05
NFL
04/11/05
10
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 13.b. Nitrite (NO2) on the North Fork CLP.
Figure 14 (a & b). Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
Figure 14.a. TKN on the Mainstem CLP.
1200
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
6/10/08, 2,275 ug/L
ug/L
1000
800
600
400
200
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
0
Date
Figure 14.b. TKN on the North Fork CLP.
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
Date
17
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
0
01/01/05
ug/L
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
6/10/08, 16,122 ug/L
Figure 15 (a & b). Total Phosphorus
Figure 15.a.Total Phosphorus on the Mainstem CLP.
ug/L
180
150
6/10/08, 940 ug/L
120
90
60
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
30
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
Figure 15.b. Total Phosphorus on the North Fork CLP.
180
150
120
90
60
30
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
18
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
0
01/01/05
ug/L
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
6/10/08, 6,000 ug/L
Figure 16 (a & b). Ortho-phosphate (PO4)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 16.a. Ortho-phosphate (PO4) on the Mainstem CLP.
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 5 ug/L)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 5 ug/L)
19
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 16.b. Ortho-phosphate (PO4) on the North Fork CLP.
Mainstem and North Fork CLP:
Metals
20
Date
21
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 17. Dissolved silver (Ag) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
0.1
PJW
0.08
LRT
0.06
PSF
SFM
0.04
PNF
0.02
NFG
0
Date
Figure 18. Dissolved cadmium (Cd) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PNF
NFG
0
Date
22
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 19. Chromium (Cr) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PNF
NFG
0.02
0
Date
Figure 20. Dissolved copper (Cu) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
10
JWC
8
PJW
6
LRT
PSF
4
SFM
2
PNF
NFG
0
Date
23
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
ug/L
Figure 21. Total iron (Fe) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
1500
1250
JWC
1000
LRT
PJW
750
500
PSF
250
PNF
SFM
0
NFG
Date
EPA Secondary Drinking Water Standard: 300 ug/L
Figure 22. Dissolved nickel (Ni) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
10
JWC
8
PJW
6
LRT
PSF
4
SFM
2
PNF
NFG
0
24
Date
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 23. Dissolved lead (Pb) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
10
JWC
8
PJW
6
LRT
PSF
4
SFM
2
PNF
NFG
0
Date
Figure 24. Dissolved zinc (Zn) on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
10
8
6
4
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PNF
NFG
2
0
Mainstem and North Fork CLP:
Major Ions
25
Date
26
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 25 (a & b). Calcium (Ca)
Figure 25.a. Calcium (Ca) on the Mainstem CLP.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 25.b. Calcium (Ca) on the North Fork CLP.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
27
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 26 (a & b). Potassium (K)
Figure 26.a. Potassium (K) on the Mainstem CLP.
5
4
3
2
1
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 26.b. Potassium (K) on the North Fork CLP.
5
4
3
2
1
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
0
Date
28
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 27 (a & b). Magnesium (Mg)
Figure 27.a. Magnesium (Mg) on the Mainstem CLP.
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 27.b. Magnesium (Mg) on the North Fork CLP.
18
15
12
9
6
3
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
0
Date
29
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 28 (a & b). Sodium (Na)
Figure 28.a. Sodium (Na) on the Mainstem CLP.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 28.b. Sodium (Na) on the North Fork CLP.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
30
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 29 (a & b). Chloride (Cl)
Figure 29.a. Chloride (Cl) on the Mainstem CLP.
4/30/08, 89.73 ug/L
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 29.b. Chloride (Cl) on the North Fork CLP.
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
Date
31
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 30 (a & b). Sulfate (SO4)
Figure 30.a. Sulfate (SO4) on the Mainstem CLP.
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
CHR
BMR
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
PBR
PNF
PBD
Date
Figure 301.b. Sulfate (SO4) on the North Fork CLP.
24
20
16
12
8
4
NDC
NBH
NRC
RCM
SCM
PCM
NFL
NFG
0
Mainstem and North Fork CLP:
Microbiological Constituents
32
Date
33
03/28/09
12/18/08
09/09/08
06/01/08
02/22/08
11/14/07
08/06/07
04/28/07
01/18/07
10/10/06
07/02/06
03/24/06
12/14/05
09/05/05
05/28/05
02/17/05
colonies / 100 mL
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
colonies / 100 mL
Figure 31. Total coliforms on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
5000
4000
3000
JWC
PJW
LRT
PSF
SFM
2000
1000
0
PBR
PNF
NFG
PBD
Date
Figure 32. E. coli on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
300
JWC
250
PJW
200
LRT
PSF
150
SFM
100
PBR
50
PNF
0
NFG
PBD
Date
34
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
# cysts / L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
# cysts / L
Figure 33. Giardia on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Poudre @
FCWTF
NDC
NBH
NFG
Date
Figure 34. Cryptosporidium on the Mainstem and North Fork CLP.
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Poudre @
FCWTF
NDC
NBH
NFG
Mainstem and North Fork CLP:
Geosmin
35
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
Date
36
02/09/09
02/09/09
11/01/08
11/01/08
07/24/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
09/28/07
06/20/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
12/02/06
08/24/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
10/28/05
07/20/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
01/01/05
ppt
Figure 35. Geosmin concentrations of the Mainstem CLP collected at the FCWTF.
7.0
Odor Threshold
Taste and Odor Threshold
Seaman Reservoir:
Depth Profiles
(Temperature, D.O., pH & Conductance)
37
Depth (m)
Figure 36. 2008 Seaman Reservoir temperature profiles.
04/08/08
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
04/29/08
05/13/08
05/27/08
06/10/08
06/24/08
07/22/08
08/19/08
09/17/08
10/15/08
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
11/19/08
Temperature (oC)
Depth (m)
Figure 37. 2008 Seaman Reservoir dissolved oxygen (D.O.) profiles.
04/08/08
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
04/29/08
05/13/08
05/27/08
06/10/08
06/24/08
07/22/08
08/19/08
09/17/08
10/15/08
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
D.O. (mg/L)
38
8
9
10
11
12
11/19/08
Depth (m)
Figure 38. 2008 Seaman Reservoir pH profiles.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
04/29/08
05/13/08
05/27/08
06/10/08
06/24/08
07/22/08
08/19/08
09/17/08
10/15/08
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
11/19/08
pH
Depth (m)
Figure 39. 2008 Seaman Reservoir conductivity profiles.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
04/08/08
04/29/08
05/13/08
05/27/08
06/10/08
06/24/08
07/22/08
08/19/08
09/17/08
10/15/08
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
Conductivity (uS/cm)
39
275
300
325
350
11/19/08
Seaman Reservoir:
General Parameters
40
Date
41
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 40. Alkalinity concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
top
bottom
Date
Figure 41. Hardness concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
top
middle
bottom
Date
42
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
pH
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
uS/cm
Figure 42. Conductivity of Seaman Reservoir.
275
270
265
260
255
250
245
240
top
bottom
Date
Figure 43. pH in Seaman Reservoir.
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
top
middle
bottom
Date
43
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
NTU
Figure 44. Turbidity in Seaman Reservoir.
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
top
bottom
Date
Figure 45. Chlorophyll-a concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
30
25
20
top
15
middle
10
bottom
5
0
Date
44
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 46. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Seaman Reservoir.
206
186
166
146
126
106
86
66
46
26
6
top
bottom
Date
Figure 47. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
12
10
8
6
top
middle
4
bottom
2
0
Date
45
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
Depth (m)
Figure 48. Secchi disk depth in Seaman Reservoir.
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Seaman Reservoir:
Nutrients
46
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
top
middle
bottom
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 49. Ammonia (NH3) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
top
middle
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
47
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
bottom
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 50. Nitrate (NO3) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Date
48
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
(
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 51. Nitrite (NO2) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
30
25
20
top
15
middle
10
bottom
5
0
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 40 ug/L)
Date
Figure 52. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
top
bottom
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
top
middle
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
bottom
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 53. Ortho-phosphate (PO4) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 5 ug/L)
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
top
middle
Date
(
FCWQL Reporting Limit: 10 ug/L)
49
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
bottom
01/01/05
ug/L
Figure 54. Total phosphorus concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Seaman Reservoir:
Major Ions
50
Date
51
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 55. Calcium (Ca) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
top
bottom
Date
Figure 56. Potassium (K) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
top
bottom
Date
52
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 57. Magnesium (Mg) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
top
bottom
Date
Figure 58. Sodium (Na) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
top
bottom
Date
53
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
mg/L
Figure 59. Chloride (Cl-) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
top
bottom
Date
Figure 60. Sulfate (SO4) concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
top
bottom
Seaman Reservoir:
Microbiological Constituents
54
Date
55
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
colonies / 100 mL
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
colonies / 100 mL
Figure 61. E.coli concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
12
10
8
6
top
4
bottom
2
0
Date
Figure 62. Total coliform concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
top
bottom
Seaman Reservoir:
Geosmin
56
Date
57
02/09/09
11/01/08
07/24/08
04/15/08
01/06/08
09/28/07
06/20/07
132
120
108
96
84
72
60
48
36
24
12
0
03/12/07
12/02/06
08/24/06
05/16/06
02/05/06
10/28/05
07/20/05
04/11/05
01/01/05
ppt
Figure 63. Geosmin concentrations in Seaman Reservoir.
Top
Odor Threshold (5 ppt)
Middle
Bottom