The State of Nevada Hazard Mitigation Plan October 2007 Governor Jim Gibbons Lt. Governor Brian Krolicki Nevada Department of Public Safety Division of Emergency Management This page is intentionally left blank 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 ii Executive Summary The standard State Hazard Mitigation Plan was written by The Nevada Division of Emergency Management (NDEM) and approved by FEMA in 2004. In 2007, the Plan was completely revised in format and content. To accomplish this, DEM formed the Nevada Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (NHMPC). A Planning Subcommittee was thereafter established to review all sections of the Plan and assist in its updating. This plan is a living document. Improvements and modifications to the plan will be made during the ensuing two-year period leading up to the next revision deadline. The Subcommittee noted during the current revision process, that the lack of NDEM staffing and fiscal constraints impeded the efficient development of the written Plan. NDEM staff and Cynthia Bagley, a volunteer who devoted much of her time from January to August in the revision of this document, reformatted the plan’s structure and provided a skeleton for the Subcommittee. The Subcommittee began meeting monthly in June of 2007 and continued until the completion of the revised Nevada SHMP in September of this year. As the plan must meet the requirements of the Code of Federal Regulation (44 CFR 201) those requirements were set out for each section. The Subcommittee was tasked to provide information and direction relevant to their expertise and authority. Thereafter recommendations were made by the Subcommittee to NDEM staff. Changes as recommended were resubmitted to the Subcommittee at subsequent meetings. This ensured final review and approval of each recommendation by the members of the Subcommittee. It should be noted that the membership of the Subcommittee expanded and contracted based upon the expertise required for each element of the Plan. For example: Division of Health and Human Services provided expertise during the capability assessment relevant to funding sources and program management. It is anticipated that this plan will provide the basis and guidance for the hazard mitigation program necessary throughout the State of Nevada. Its goal is to achieve a lessening of the loss of life and property and the enjoyment of a safer environment by its citizens. 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 iii Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................... iii List of Tables and Figures ............................................................................... xi List of Appendices ........................................................................................... xiv Nevada's Jurisdictions with Approved Mitigation Plans ............................... xv Acknowledgements.........................................................................................xviii Section 1 Official Record of Adoption ................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 ........................................................ 1-1 1.2 Plan Adoption Procedures ................................................................. 1-1 1.2.1 State Authority ........................................................................ 1-2 1.2.2 Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS) ........................................ 1-2 1.2.3 Assurances to Comply with Federal Laws and Regulations ...................................................................... 1-9 Section 2 Planning Process ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Overview of the Planning Process ................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Nevada Hazard Mitigation Committee (NHMPC) ........ 2-2 2.1.2 How Other Agencies Participated in the Current Planning Process ........................................................... 2-5 2.1.3 How the Team Reviewed and Analyzed Each Section Of the Plan .................................................................... 2-5 2.1.4 2.2 2.3 2.4 Revision of Each Section of the Plan ............................ 2-6 Coordination Among Agencies ........................................................ 2-7 2.2.1 Federal & State Agencies Involvement ........................... 2-7 2.2.2 Participation of Interested Groups .................................. 2-14 2.2.3 Changes in Federal & State Coordination...................... 2-14 2.2.4 Public Involvement .............................................................. 2-15 Program Integration .......................................................................... 2-16 2.3.1 Integration of Existing Plans ............................................ 2-16 2.3.2 Integration with FEMA Programs & Initiatives .......... 2-22 State Profile ......................................................................................... 2-26 2.4.1 Quick Facts ............................................................................ 2-26 2.4.2 Description ............................................................................. 2-27 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 iv Section 3 2.4.3 Climate .................................................................................... 2-28 2.4.4 Geography .............................................................................. 2-28 Risk Assessment ....................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Overview of a Risk Assessment ...................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 3.2 3.3 Disaster History ...................................................................... 3-2 Identifying Hazards ............................................................................. 3-4 3.2.1 Hazard Mitigation Rating Overview ................................ 3-5 3.2.2 Vulnerability Ratings ............................................................ 3-9 3.2.3 Assigning Vulnerability Ratings ....................................... 3-9 3.2.4 Risk Assessment References ............................................ 3-10 3.2.5 State Jurisdiction's Risk Assessment .............................. 3-11 Profiling Hazards ............................................................................... 3-11 3.3.1 Avalanche ............................................................................... 3-13 3.3.1.1 Nature............................................................ 3-13 3.3.1.2 History........................................................... 3-13 3.3.1.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ................................................. 3-13 3.3.2 Dam Failure ........................................................................... 3-15 3.3.2.1.1 Nature......................................................... 3-15 3.3.2.1.2 History........................................................ 3-15 3.3.2.1.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................... 3-16 3.3.3 Drought ................................................................................... 3-19 3.3.3.1 Nature........................................................... .3-19 3.3.3.2 History........................................................... 3-20 3.3.3.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................... 3-20 3.3.4 Earthquakes ............................................................................ 3-29 3.3.4.1 Nature............................................................ 3-29 3.3.4.2 History........................................................... 3-31 3.3.4.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ................................................ 3-38 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 v 3.3.4.4 Vulnerability and Analysis of Potential Losses........................................................... 3-44 3.3.5 Epidemic ................................................................................. 3-54 3.3.5.1 Nature............................................................ 3-54 3.3.5.2 History........................................................... 3-56 3.3.5.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ................................................ 3-58 3.3.6 Expansive Soils .................................................................... 3-59 3.3.6.1 Nature............................................................ 3-59 3.3.6.2 History........................................................... 3-59 3.3.6.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ................................................ 3-61 3.3.7 Extreme Heat ......................................................................... 3-62 3.3.7.1 Nature............................................................ 3-62 3.3.7.2 History........................................................... 3-63 3.3.7.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ................................................ 3-68 3.3.8 Floods ...................................................................................... 3-70 3.3.8.1 Nature............................................................ 3-70 3.3.8.2 History........................................................... 3-71 3.3.8.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ................................................ 3-82 3.3.8.4 Vulnerability and Analysis of Potential Losses........................................................... 3-85 3.3.9 Hail and Thunderstorms ..................................................... 3-95 3.3.9.1 Nature............................................................ 3-95 3.3.9.2 History........................................................... 3-96 3.3.9.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events .............................................. 3-100 3.3.10 Hazardous Material Events ............................................ 3-103 3.3.10.1 Nature........................................................ 3-103 3.3.10.2 History....................................................... 3-105 3.3.10.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 vi Future Events ............................................ 3-107 3.3.11 Infestations .......................................................................... 3-110 3.3.11.1 Nature........................................................ 3-110 3.3.11.2 History....................................................... 3-110 3.3.11.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ........................................... 3-112 3.3.12 Land Subsidence ............................................................... 3-113 3.3.12.1 Nature........................................................ 3-113 3.3.12.2 History....................................................... 3-113 3.3.12.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-115 3.3.13 Landslide ............................................................................. 3-115 3.3.13.1 Nature........................................................ 3-115 3.3.13.2 History....................................................... 3-115 3.3.13.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-116 3.3.14 Severe Winter Storm ........................................................ 3-117 3.3.14.1 Nature........................................................ 3-117 3.3.14.2 History....................................................... 3-117 3.3.14.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-119 3.3.15 Terrorism/WMD ................................................................ 3-125 3.3.15.1 Nature........................................................ 3-125 3.3.15.2 History....................................................... 3-125 3.3.15.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-126 3.3.16 Tornado ................................................................................ 3-128 3.3.16.1 Nature........................................................ 3-128 3.3.16.2 History....................................................... 3-128 3.3.16.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-130 3.3.17 Tsunami/Seiche ................................................................. 3-131 3.3.17.1 Nature........................................................ 3-131 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 vii 3.3.17.2 History....................................................... 3-132 3.3.17.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-133 3.3.18 Volcano ................................................................................ 3-134 3.3.18.1 Nature........................................................ 3-134 3.3.18.2 History....................................................... 3-135 3.3.18.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-136 3.3.19 Wildfire ................................................................................ 3-138 3.3.19.1 Nature........................................................ 3-138 3.3.19.2 History....................................................... 3-139 3.3.19.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-142 3.3.19.4 Vulnerability and Analysis of Potential Losses........................................................3-154 3.3.20 Windstorm ........................................................................... 3-156 3.3.20.1 Nature........................................................ 3-156 3.3.20.2 History....................................................... 3-156 3.3.20.3 Location, Severity, and Probability of Future Events ............................................ 3-157 3.3.21 3.4 3.5 Nevada Climate Office Storm Event ........ 3-163 Vulnerability Assessment ............................................................. 3-167 3.4.1 Overview ............................................................................. 3-167 3.4.2 Analysis of State and Local Risk Assessment .......... 3-167 3.4.3 Threat Ranking of Local Jurisdictions ........................ 3-173 3.4.4 Changes in Development .......................................... 3-175 Assessing Vulnerability of State Facilities .............................. 3-177 3.5.1 Types of State Owned or Operated Facilities ............ 3-177 3.5.2 Estimating Potential Losses by Jurisdiction .............. 3-178 3.5.3 Estimating Potential Losses of State Facilities ......... 3-179 3.5.3.1 Earthquake .................................................. 3-179 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 viii 3.5.3.2 Flood and Dam Failure ............................... 3-180 3.5.3.3 Section 4 Mitigation Strategy ................................................................................... 4-2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Section 5 Wildland Fire ............................................. 3-180 Hazard Mitigation Goals ......................................................... 4-2 4.1.1 Hazard Mitigation Goal Overview .............................. 4-2 4.1.2 Mitigation Goals, Objectives and Potential Actions ... 4-3 4.1.3 Goal Assessment and Revision ................................... 4-13 State Capability Assessment ................................................. 4-15 4.2.1 Pre-Disaster Hazard Management ............................ 4-16 4.2.2 Disaster Response, Recovery, & Preparedness ......... 4-27 4.2.3 Emergency Response and Disaster Programs ........... 4-30 4.2.4 Post-Disaster Hazard Management ........................... 4-32 4.2.5 Policies Related to Development .............................. 4-38 4.2.6 Funding Capabilities ................................................. 4-38 4.2.7 Hazard Management Capabilities Changes .............. 4-41 Local Capability Assessment ................................................ 4-44 4.3.1 Local Capability Description .................................... 4-44 4.3.2 Local Capability General Analysis ........................... 4-47 Mitigation Actions ................................................................ 4-50 4.4.1 Cost Effective, Environmentally Sound ..................... 4-50 4.4.2 Evaluation of Actions and Activities ......................... 4-51 4.4.3 Prioritization Actions and Activities .......................... 4-53 4.4.4 Contribution of Activities .......................................... 4-55 4.4.5 Actions and Projects in Local Plans........................... 4-55 Funding Sources .................................................................... 4-77 4.5.1 Current Funding Sources .......................................... 4-77 4.5.2 Potential Funding Sources ........................................ 4-78 4.5.3 Sources of Mitigation Funding Since 2004 .............. 4-78 Coordinating Local Mitigation Planning ....................................... 5-1 5.1 Local Funding and Technical Assistance ...................................... 5-1 5.1.1 Development of Local Mitigation Plans ......................... 5-1 5.1.1.1 Identification and Notification ........................ 5-1 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 ix 5.1.1.2 Application Procedures ................................... 5-3 5.1.2 5.2 5.3 Funding for Past Three Years ............................................. 5-5 Local Plan Integration ............................................................. 5-8 5.2.1 Process and Timeframe to Review Local Plans .......... 5-9 5.2.2 Coordinate and Link Local Plans ................................ 5-9 Prioritizing Local Assistance ................................................ 5-10 5.3.1 Local Funding and Technical Assistance ................. 5-10 5.3.1.1 Planning Review Ranking and Selection ...... 5-10 5.3.1.2 Prioritization Evaluation ............................... 5-12 5.3.1.3 Prioritization Form ........................................ 5-13 Section 6 5.3.2 Cost Benefit Review of Proposed Projects ............... 5-14 5.3.3 Highest Risk Communities ........................................ 5-14 5.3.4 Repetitive Loss Properties .......................................... 5-14 5.3.5 Intense Development Communities ............................ 5-14 Plan Maintenance Process .................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating the Plan ........................... 6-1 6.1.1 Schedule for Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating the Plan .................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Section 7 6.1.2 Method for Monitoring the Plan ........................................ 6-2 6.1.3 Method for Evaluating the Plan .................................... 6-2 6.1.4 Method for Updating the Plan ............................................ 6-3 6.1.5 Previous Process and Recommended Changes ............. 6-3 Monitoring Progress of Mitigation Activities .............................. 6-7 6.2.1 Monitor Progress of Mitigation Activities .................... 6-7 6.2.2 Project Closeouts .................................................................. 6-8 6.2.3 Review Progress on Mitigation Strategy ......................... 6-8 6.2.4 Modifications in Tracking Mitigation Actions .............. 6-9 6.2.5 Reviewing Progress on Implementing Activities .......... 6-9 References ..................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1 References ............................................................................... 7-1 7.1.1 State Documents ......................................................... 7-1 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 x 7.2 Section 8 7.1.2 Local Jurisdiction Documents ..................................... 7-2 7.1.3 Other Documents ........................................................ 7-3 Other Important Links ............................................................ 7-4 Glossary and Terms ................................................................................ 8-1 8.1 Terms ...................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Acronyms ................................................................................ 8-4 List of Tables and Figures Tables Jurisdictions with Approved Hazard Mitigation Plans ...................... xv Table 2-1 Board of Directors for NHMPC ....................................................... 2-2 Table 2-2 NHMPC Subcommittees .................................................................. 2-3 Table 2-3 NHMP Revised Sections .................................................................. 2-6 Table 2-4 Integration of the NHMP ............................................................... 2-16 Table 3-1 Identification and Screening of Hazards .......................................... 3-8 Table 3-2 Priority Rating Results ..................................................................... 3-9 Table 3-3 Nevada’s Historical Earthquakes ................................................... 3-32 Table 3-4 Some Major Faults in Nevada ....................................................... 3-39 Table 3-5 Earthquake Probabilities ................................................................ 3-42 Table 3-6 Nevada Counties NESC/HAZUS Probabilities ............................. 3-47 Table 3-7 HAZUS Earthquake Modeling Losses by County ......................... 3-50 Table 3-9 Historical Occurrences of Outbreaks in Nevada .............................. 3-57 Table 3-10 Clark County Historic Floods 1905-1975 ...................................... 3-77 Table 3-10A Clark County Flooding 1993-2003 ................................................ 3-81 Table 3-10B Flood Hazard Rating by County ...................................................... 3-83 Table 3-11 HAZUS Loss Estimation for 100 Year Floods ................................ 3-87 Table 3-12 HAZUS Vulnerability on Selected Rivers ....................................... 3-88 Table 3-13A Community at Risk Hazard Ratings by County............................. 3-145 Table 3-13B Nevada’s Extreme Communities ................................................. 3-147 Table 3-14 Wildfire Hazard Rating for Nevada Communities ...................... 3-150 Table 3-15 Threat Ranking ............................................................................. 3-175 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xi Table 3-16 Earthquake Vulnerability of State Facilities .................................. 3-183 Table 3-17 Vulnerability Flood and Dam Failure ............................................ 3-199 Table 3-18 Vulnerability and Losses Wildfire ................................................. 3-217 Table 4-1 Pre-Disaster Hazard Management Policies...................................... 4-16 Table 4-2 Disaster Response, Recovery, & Community Preparedness ......... 4-27 Table 4-3 Emergency Response and Disaster Programs ................................ 4-30 Table 4-4 Post-Disaster Hazard Management ................................................ 4-32 Table 4-5 Mitigation Funding 2001-2007 ........................................................ 4-42 Table 4-6 Existing Local Policies .................................................................. 4-45 Table 4-7 Local Capabilities' General Analysis ............................................. 4-47 Table 4-8 Nevada Counties with Developing or Pending HMPs ................... 4-49 Table 4-9 Prioritized Mitigation Actions ......................................................... 4-54 Table 4-10 Mitigation Action/Activities Planning ............................................. 4-55 Table 4-11 Current Funding Sources ................................................................. 4-78 Table 4-12 Potential Funding Sources ............................................................... 4-78 Table 4-13 Sources of Nevada Hazard Mitigation Funding Since 2004 .......... 4-79 Table 5-2 Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) ........................................................ 5-5 Table 5-3 Post-Disaster Mitigation (HMGP) ................................................... 5-6 Table 5-4 Technical Assistance: Planning ....................................................... 5-7 Table 5-5 Technical Assistance: Planning Workshops .................................... 5-7 Table 5-6 Technical Assistance: Training ........................................................ 5-8 Table 6-1 Record of Review ............................................................................ 6-5 Table 6-2 Record of Change ............................................................................ 6-6 Table 6-3 Mitigation Activity Matrix ............................................................... 6-8 Table 6-4 Activity/Project Implementation Report .......................................... 6-11 Figures Cover Page Relief Map of Nevada Figure 2-1 Boundary Map of Nevada .............................................................. 2-27 Figure 3-1 Map of Sierra Avalanche Center’s Forecast Area ......................... 3-13 Figure 3-2 Nevada Dams ................................................................................. 3-15 Figure 3-3 Schroeder Dam in Beaver Dam State Park .................................... 3-16 Figure 3-4 Drought Monitor Map .................................................................... 3-20 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xii Figure 3-5 U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook ..................................................... 3-23 Figure 3-6 Quaternary Faults in Nevada ......................................................... 3-29 Figure 3-7 Fault Scarp in the Fairview Park Area ........................................... 3-30 Figure 3-8 Earthquakes recorded in Nevada region ........................................ 3-33 Figure 3-9 Shake Map ..................................................................................... 3-37 Figure 3-10 Vertical Slip Rates of Normal Slip Faults in Nevada .................... 3-40 Figure 3-11 Shaking Potential Map for Nevada ................................................ 3-43 Figure 3-12 1989 Soil Map of Nevada .............................................................. 3-60 Figure 3-13 Thunderstorms across Sierra Nevada............................................... 3-95 Figure 3-14 Highway Map of Nevada ............................................................... 3-103 Figure 3-15 Major Railway Routes .................................................................. 3-103 Figure 3-17 Fire Ant .......................................................................................... 3-111 Figure 3-18 Nevada Aquifer Map...................................................................... 3-113 Figure 3-19 Distribution of Subsidence Problems............................................. 3-114 Figure 3-20 Slide Mountain Landslide .............................................................. 3-116 Figure 3-21 January 2005 Storm System ......................................................... 3-117 Figure 3-22 Harvey’s Hotel and Casino Bombing ............................................ 3-126 Figure 3-23 Oldest Tornado Photograph ......................................................... 3-128 Figure 3-24 Diamond Valley Tornado ............................................................ 3-129 Figure 3-25 USGS bathymetry view of western Lake Tahoe .......................... 3-131 Figure 3-26 Lake Tahoe Fault Map ................................................................. 3-132 Figure 3-27 Mount St. Helens 1980 Eruption ................................................. 3-134 Figure 3-28 Wildland Urban Interface Fire - Pioche ........................................ 3-140 Figure 3-29 Wildfire Acreage Burned in Nevada 1999-2006 ........................... 3-142 Figure 3-30 Map of Extreme Wildfire Risk Communities .............................. 3-148 Figure 3-31 Windstorm damage in Gabbs, Nevada ......................................... 3-157 Figure 4-1 County Map of Nevada .................................................................... 4-1 Figure 5-1 Local Funding and Technical Assistance Process ........................... 5-4 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xiii List of Appendices Appendix A Adoption Resolution Appendix B List of Participating Organizations Appendix C Appendix D B.1 Nevada State Agency Directors ........................................ B-1 B.2 University and Colleges of Nevada .................................. B-3 B.3 State & County Emergency Managers .............................. B-4 B.4 Tribal Emergency Manger ................................................ B-7 B.5 VOADs in Nevada ........................................................... B-9 NHMPC Bylaws and Subcommittees C.1 Bylaws of the NHMPC .................................................... C-1 C.2 Subcommittees of the NHMPC ........................................ C-6 Meeting Minutes Subcommittee Task Force Wildland Urban Interface Summit Western States Conference Appendix E Hazard Risk Assessment Survey Sample Appendix F Nevada Administrative Code 414.105 Appendix G Standard State Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Crosswalk Appendix H HAZUS Earthquake Maps Appendix I List of Dams by County Appendix J Prioritization of Actions Tables Appendix K HAZUS Flood Maps 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xiv Nevada’s Jurisdiction with Approved Hazard Mitigation Plans City/County Date Approved Carson City 22 November 2005 Churchill County Clark County 30 January 2007 Douglas County In Process Elko County In Process Esmeralda County Eureka County Humboldt County Lander County Lincoln County 19 April 2006 Lyon County Mineral County Nye County 29 April 2006 Pershing County Storey County Washoe County 19 October 2005 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xv City/County Date Approved Reno, City of 3 June 2005 Sparks, City of 9 March 2006 Truckee Meadows Water Authority 15 August 2006 White Pine County Tribal Councils Duck Valley Shoshone-Paiute Region X 11 July 2006 Duckwater Shoshone- Region X 11 July 2006 Ely Shoshone Council 25 January 2006 Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Fort Mojave Indian Goshute Business Council Las Vegas Paiute Lovelock Paiute Moapa Business Council Pyramid Lake Paiute Reno-Sparks Indian Colony In process with the development of the Washoe County multi-jurisdictional plan. Summit Lake Paiute TeMoak Tribal Council 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xvi City/County Date Approved Battle Mountain Band Council Elko Band Council In Process South Fork Band Council Wells Band Council Timbishi Shoshone Walker River Paiute Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California 4 August 2005 Carson Colony Council 4 August 2005 Dresslerville Community Council 4 August 2005 Stewart Community Council 4 August 2005 Woodfords Community Council 4 August 2005 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xvii Acknowledgements The Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management would like to acknowledge the following individuals and agencies for their dedication and valuable contribution to this document: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Jonathan G. Price, Director/State Geologist Nevada Division of Forestry Bob Ashworth, Deputy State Forester Mike Dondero, Fire Management Officer Kelli Baratti, State Fire and Mutual Cooperation Kacey KC, Conservation Staff Specialist- Community Protection Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources/Division of Water Resources Robert Martinez, Professional Engineer Nevada Seismological Laboratory John G. Anderson, Ph.D., Director John N. Louie, Ph.D., Associate Director Nevada State Climate Office Jeff Underwood, Ph.D., State Climatologist University of Cooperative Extension Ed Smith, Natural Resource Specialist Sonya Sistare, Wildfire Project Coordinator Volunteer Cynthia Bagley, Private Citizen 2007 Nevada Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan 20Oct07 xviii
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