2007
Division of Facilities
Management
ENERGY & WATER SCORECARD
Foreword
It is with great pleasure that the Division of Facilities Management present the first edition of the
Charles Sturt University Energy Scorecard. In order to track our performance against the
Institutional Development Plan we need to ensure we have an accurate understanding of energy use
across our extensive range of assets and this will be refined over time as data collection is improved
and automated. The expansion of the Charles Sturt University building footprint will present special
challenges as we move forward and the Division of Facilities Management look forward to working
with all CSU staff and students in addressing the energy challenges.
We trust this report will assist you in understanding the energy consumption profile and savings
performance of the organisation and I commend it to you for your review. It is anticipated that
future reports will be published in February so as results can be actively used for future planning.
Stephen Butt
Executive Director
Acknowledgement - Special thanks to the Division of Facilities Management staff for their
contributions and in particular to Victor Oyelade, Project Officer Bathurst for their assistance with
this publication.
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Executive Summary
This report reviews the energy and water use and associated costs for all the Charles Sturt University
major campuses (Bathurst, Wagga, Orange, Albury/Thurgoona, Dubbo and Canberra) for year 2007
against values for year 2006 vis-à-vis electricity consumption, natural gas consumption, and water
consumption, with the main purpose of investigating how the University is fairing as an organisation
relative to the sustainability targets set for the period under consideration.
The University’s sustainability committee has set target for a reduction in the water consumption of
25% in 2007 compared to 2006, a reduction in energy use of 10% by 2010 & 25% in 2015 compared
to 2006, and a use of at least 10% of CSU land to increase biodiversity.
Currently, there are some energy conservation initiatives already adopted by the university, among
which is the metering project, Eco-Save project, biodiversity improvement project all aiming to make
CSU greenhouse neutral and invariably a zero waste institution. Significant focus is also being made
in ensuring all new buildings have high energy efficiency.
A comparison of the Tonnes CO2/Usable floor area and water consumption per usable floor area for
each of the campuses was carried out, and used as an indicator of the environmental impact across
each of the campuses is presented.
The combined energy and water consumption of the campuses under consideration (Bathurst,
Wagga-Wagga, Orange, Albury/Thurgoona, Canberra, and Dubbo) shows a reduction of 6.33% in the
equivalent tonnes of CO2 produced from gas and electricity consumption in 2007 compared to 2006,
and a reduction of 22.35% in water consumption in 2007 compared to 2006.
These are positive performances however it should be noted that data has not been normalised for
temperature and rainfall to ensure more accurate and theoretical baseline comparisons. These
adjustments will be made in future years as the data matures, however trends to date are
encouraging.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Campus Wide Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Energy Usage/Emissions Analysis ........................................................................................ 6
2.2 Water consumption analysis................................................................................................ 8
3. Bathurst Campus Audit ..................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Campus information .......................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Electricity Audit .................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Gas Audit ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.4 Water Audit........................................................................................................................ 13
4. Wagga Campus Audit ........................................................................................................................ 15
4.1 Campus information .......................................................................................................... 15
4.2 Electricity Audit .................................................................................................................. 15
4.3 Gas Audit ............................................................................................................................ 16
4.4 Water Audit........................................................................................................................ 17
5. Orange Campus Audit ....................................................................................................................... 19
5.1 Campus information .......................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Electricity Audit .................................................................................................................. 19
5.3 Gas Audit ............................................................................................................................ 20
5.4 Water Audit ...................................................................................................................... 21
6. Thurgoona Campus Audit ................................................................................................................. 23
6.1 Campus information .......................................................................................................... 23
6.2 Electricity Audit .................................................................................................................. 23
6.3 Gas Audit ............................................................................................................................ 24
6.4 Water Audit........................................................................................................................ 25
7. Albury Campus Audit ........................................................................................................................ 27
7.1 Campus information .......................................................................................................... 27
7.2 Electricity Audit .................................................................................................................. 27
7.3 Gas Audit ............................................................................................................................ 28
7.4 Water Audit........................................................................................................................ 29
8. Canberra Campus Audit .................................................................................................................... 30
8.1 Campus information .......................................................................................................... 30
8.2 Electricity Audit .................................................................................................................. 30
8.3 Gas Audit ............................................................................................................................ 31
8.4 Water Audit........................................................................................................................ 32
9. Dubbo Campus Audit ....................................................................................................................... 33
9.1 Campus information .......................................................................................................... 33
9.2 Electricity Audit .................................................................................................................. 33
9.3 Gas Audit ............................................................................................................................ 34
9.4 Water Audit........................................................................................................................ 35
10. TEFMA Comparisons ....................................................................................................................... 36
Appendix A - Conversion factors.............................................................................................. 38
Appendix B - Glossary of terms................................................................................................ 38
Referenced Published Document ............................................................................................ 38
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1. Introduction
Charles Sturt University as an institution is committed to efficient energy use in facilities across all
campuses, subsequently energy audit at the facilities across all the university campuses shall be
carried out periodically, and means of optimizing the energy use sought.
This report reviews the energy consumption in facilities across all major campuses (Bathurst, Wagga,
Orange, Albury/Thurgoona, Dubbo and Canberra) of the University for year 2007, against that for
the same period in year 2006.
It must be pointed out that means/ways through which energy use can be optimized is beyond the
scope of this report; however, this report should form the basis through which this can be
investigated.
In reviewing the energy usage in facilities within the aforementioned campuses, the following
indicators were selected for review.
Electricity consumption in KWH and equivalent Tonnes of CO2 emissions.
Gas consumption in MJ and equivalent Tonnes of CO2 emissions.
Portable water consumption in KL.
It is important to note that the indicators chosen are the ones with readily available data, as
recorded by the operations and maintenance department of the Facilities Management Division.
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2.
Campus Wide Analysis
2.1 Energy Usage/Emissions Analysis
Table 2.1 Campus wide energy usage/emissions analysis
Orange
gross
Tonnes
CO2
2006
2007
730
686
Wagga
gross
Tonnes
CO2
13115
12390
Bathurst
gross
Tonnes
CO2
Canberra
gross
Tonnes
CO2
Alb/Thurgoona
gross
Tonnes CO2
3601
3444
876
645
13
17
Dubbo
gross
Tonnes
CO2
Total
% Change
256
18591
234
6.33 %
17416 Reduction
Note The gross tonnes of CO2 = (CO2 equivalent Electricity + CO2 equivalent Natural gas)
The information given in the table above shows a reduction of 6.33% in 2007 compared to
2006 for the equivalent CO2 emission for all the campuses combined together.
In 2006, there was approximately 18591 equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy use across all
the campuses, and of this, Wagga accounted for approximately 71%, Bathurst approximately
19%, Orange approximately 4%, Albury/Thurgoona approximately 5%, Canberra
approximately 0%, and Dubbo approximately 1%. In 2007, there was an approximately
17416equivalent tonne of CO2 from energy use across all the campuses, of which Wagga
accounted for approximately 71%, Bathurst approximately 20%, orange approximately 4%,
Albury/Thurgoona approximately 4%, Canberra approximately 0% and Dubbo approximately
1%.
Chart 2.1: Percentage energy use per campus.
2006
1%
Orange gross Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity)
5% 0% 4%
19%
Wagga gross Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity)
71%
Bathurst gross Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity)
Albury/Thurgoona gross
Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity
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0
2007
0%
Orange gross Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity)
4% 1% 4%
Wagga gross Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity)
20%
Bathurst gross Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity)
Albury/Thurgoona gross
Tonnes CO2(NG+Electricity
71%
Canberra gross Tonnes
CO2(NG+Electricity)
Dubbo gross Tonnes of
CO2(NG+Electricity)
Summary of the equivalent tonnes of CO2 emission from energy (Natural gas & Electricity)
for years 2006 and 2007 at each of the campuses are as shown in the table and chart below.
Table 2.2 Campus wide summary of equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
196 CSU Campuses Equivalent Tonnes CO2 From Energy Usage Summary 2006/2007
Tonnes
Tonnes
UFA (Sq.M) UFA (Sq.M) Tonnes
Tonnes
CO2/UFA
CO2/UFA
2007
CO2 2006 CO2 2007 2006
2007
197 Campus 2006
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
Bathurst
Wagga
Orange
Albury
Thurgoona
Dubbo
Canberra
52087.61
83532.88
17747.83
9241.1
8844.9
3786.59
566.15
52290.41
83532.88
17747.83
9241.1
8844.9
3786.59
566.15
1206
13115
730
658
739
256
13
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
1323
12390
686
517
433
234
17
0.066
0.157
0.041
0.071
0.084
0.068
0.0304
0.069
0.148
0.0387
0.056
0.049
0.062
0.023
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Chart 2.2 Campuses equivalent tonnes CO2/UFA 2006/2007.
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Tonnes CO2/UFA 2006
Tonnes CO2/UFA 2007
2.2 Water consumption analysis
Table 2.3 Campus wide water consumption analysis
Orange
Wagga
gross
gross water
Water
usage (kL)
usage (kL)
2006
2007
49119
37826
444912
337667
Bathurst
Albury/
Canberra
gross
Thurgoona
water
water
water usage
usage (kL)
usage
(kL).
(kL).
156317
119323
17999
26480
1947
1834
Dubbo
water
usage
(kL)
13183
7563
Total
% Change
683477
22.35%
530693 reduction
In 2006, there was approximately 683477 kL of water consumed across the campuses, with
the figures dropping to approximately 530693 kL in 2007, representing a reduction of
22.35%. out of this value, the Wagga campus accounted for approximately 65% in 2006 &
64% in 2007, the Bathurst campus accounted for approximately 23% in 2006 &23% in 2007,
Orange campus accounted for approximately 7% in 2006 & and 7% in 2007,
Albury/Thurgoona accounted for approximately 3% in 2006 & 5% in 2007, Canberra campus
accounted for approximately 0% in 2006 and 2007 and the Dubbo campus accounted for
approximately 2% in 2006 & 1% in 2007.
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0
Chart 2.3: Percentage water use per campus.
2006
2%
Orange gross Water usage
(kL)
3% 0%
Wagga gross water
usage(kL)
7%
23%
Bathurst gross water usage
(kL).
65%
Albury/Thurgoona water
usage (kL)
Canberra Water usage(kL)
Dubbo water usage(kL)
2007
1%
0%
5%
Orange gross Water usage
(kL)
7%
23%
Wagga gross water
usage(kL)
64%
Bathurst gross water usage
(kL).
Albury/Thurgoona water
usage (kL)
Canberra Water usage(kL)
Summary of the water usage in kL for years 2006 and 2007 at each of the campuses are as
shown in the table and chart below.
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Table 2.4 Campus wide summary of water consumption
A
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
B
C
D
E
F
G
CSU Campuses Water Usage Summary 2006/2007
Campus
Bathurst
Wagga
Orange
Albury
Thurgoona
Dubbo
Canberra
UFA (Sq.M) UFA (Sq.M)
2006
2007
52087.61
83532.88
17747.83
9241.1
8844.9
3786.59
566.15
52290.41
83532.88
17747.83
9241.1
8844.9
3786.59
566.15
kL Water kL Water
kL/UFA
2006
2007
kL/UFA 2006
2007
156317
444912
49119
10310
7689
13183
1947
119323
337667
37826
15199
11281
7563
1843
3
5.33
2.77
1.12
0.87
3.48
3.44
2.27
4.04
2.13
1.65
1.28
2
3.24
Chart 2.4 Campuses Water usage (kL)/UFA 2006/2007.
6
5
4
3
2
1
kL/UFA 2006
kL/UFA 2007
0
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3.
Bathurst Campus Audit
3.1 Campus information
The Bathurst campus of Charles Sturt University comprises of the following facilities;
Offices
Research centres
Teaching facilities
Sporting facilities
Student accommodation
Laboratories
The identified sources of energy consumption are
Heating system
Domestic hot water
Cooling system
Electrical power and lighting
There is a central boiler supplying low pressure hot water (LPHW) to a number of satellite
plant rooms from where heating/domestic hot water is supplied to the buildings. The
remaining buildings that are not connected to the central LPHW reticulation system are
served by stand alone heating systems of different make and source of energy.
For summer air conditioning, each of the facilities has stand alone systems of different types
and brand (room air condition systems, chillers system, evaporative cooling system etc.)
while some does not have any form of air conditioning system in them for summer cooling.
Electrical power and lighting is used in the various facilities within the campus for different
purposes (laboratory equipment, teaching equipment, workshop equipment etc.).
3.2 Electricity Audit
The electricity consumption (kW.h), cost ($) and equivalent CO2 (Kg & Tonnes) values for the
Bathurst campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 3.1 Bathurst campus electricity analysis
Bathurst Campus Electricity Analysis
kW.h
2006
2007
2803595
3077753
Cost($)
170317
203009
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
electricity % change
consumption In Cost
1205546
1206
1323434
9.8 %
1323 Increase
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0
0
19.7%
Increase
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Chart 3.1: Bathurst electricity consumption and cost 2006/2007.
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2006
2007
kW.h
Cost($)
3.3 Gas Audit
The gas consumption in MJ, equivalent kW. h, cost ($), and equivalent CO2 (Kg &
Tonnes) values for the Bathurst campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 3.2 Bathurst campus gas analysis
Bathurst Campus Gas Analysis
MJ
cost($)
kW.h
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
Gas
% change
consumption In Cost
2006
45400976
315418
12612391
2396354
2396
2007
40176466
310794
11161022
2120594
11.55%
2121 Reduction
0
0
1.47 %
Reduction
Chart 3.2: Bathurst gas consumption and cost 2006/2007
The equivalent tonnes of CO2 for the electricity and gas consumption for the
Bathurst campus and the CO2 equivalent per usable floor area are as given below.
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Table 3.3 Bathurst campus equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage analysis
Bathurst
gross
Tonnes
CO2
2006
3601.9
2007
3444.03
Bathurst
GFA(SqM)
Bathurst
UFA
% change
(SqM)
in UFA
73904.54 52087.61
Bathurst % Change
gross
in gross
Tonnes
tonnes
CO2/UFA CO2/UFA
0
0.97 %
74728.54 52590.41 Increase
0.069
0
4.35%
0.066 Reduction
Chart 3.3: Bathurst gross tonnes of CO2/UFA.
Bathurst Campus Tonnes of
CO2/UFA
0.07
0.068
0.066
0.064
0.062
0.06
0.058
Bathurst Campus
Tonnes of CO2/UFA
Year 2006
Year 2007
2010
Targeted 10%
Reduction
3.4 Water Audit
The water consumption in kL, cost ($), values for the Bathurst campus for years 2006
and 2007 are as given below.
Table 3.4 Bathurst campus water analysis
Bathurst Campus Water Analysis
kL
2006
2007
cost($)
% Change % Change
in kL
in cost
GFA
(Sq.M)
156317 116361.7
0
0 73904.54
23.7%
10.94%
119323 103635.1 reduction reduction 74728.54
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
%
change
UFA(SqM) in UFA
52087.61
0
0.97 %
52590.41 Increase
% change
kL/UFA in kL/UFA
3
24.3%
2.27 reduction
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0
Chart 3.4: Bathurst kL water consumption/UFA.
Bathurst Campus kL Water/UFA
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Bathurst Campus kL
Water/UFA
1
0.5
0
Year 2006
Year 2007
2007 Targeted
25% Reduction
There is an increase in the floor area (Gross and usable) as a result of the construction of
four new student cottages (Windradyne cottages 8, 9, 10, & 11) in 2007 each with a gross
floor area of 206 Sq. M and usable floor area of 125.7 Sq. M representing an increase of
0.97% in campus floor area.
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4.
Wagga Campus Audit
4.1 Campus information
The Wagga campus of Charles Sturt University is mainly divided into the north and south
campuses comprising of the following facilities;
Offices
Laboratories
Research facilities
Teaching facilities
Student accommodation
Sporting facilities
Food outlets/dining facilities
Agricultural facilities
The identified sources of energy consumption are
Heating system
Domestic hot water
Cooling system
Electrical power and lighting
4.2 Electricity Audit
The electricity consumption (kW. h), cost ($) and equivalent of CO2 (kg & tonnes) values for
the Wagga campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 4.1 Wagga campus electricity analysis
Wagga Campus Electricity Analysis
kW.h
2006
2007
23675221
22801518
kg CO2
cost($)
1242001 10180345
1303009
9804653
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
electricity % change
consumption In Cost
10180
3.6 %
9805 reduction
0
0
4.9%
Increase
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Chart 4.1: Wagga electricity consumption and cost 2006/2007
25000000
20000000
15000000
2006
10000000
2007
5000000
0
kW.h
cost($)
4.3 Gas Audit
The gas consumption in MJ, equivalent kW. h, cost ($), and equivalent CO2 (kg & tonnes)
values for the Wagga campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 4.2 Wagga campus gas analysis
Wagga Campus Gas Analysis
MJ
2006
2007
55603046
48983842
cost($)
442764
403388
kW.h
15446526
13607711
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
Gas
% change
consumption
In Cost
2934840
2935
2585465
11.9%
2586 Reduction
0
0
8.9 %
Reduction
Chart 4.2: Wagga gas consumption and cost 2006/2007
The equivalent tonnes of CO2 for the electricity and gas consumption for the Wagga campus
and the CO2 equivalent per usable floor area are as given below.
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Table 4.3 Wagga campus equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage analysis
Wagga
gross
Tonnes
CO2
2006
Wagga
gross
Tonnes
CO2/UFA
13115
2007
12390
0.157
0.148
Wagga
GFA(SqM)
Wagga
UFA
(SqM)
% change
in UFA
108027.6 83532.88
Wagga
gross
Tonnes
CO2/UFA
0
0.104
0
5.73%
0.1 reduction
0
108027.6 83532.88
% change
in
CO2/UFA
Chart 4.3: Wagga gross tonnes of CO2/UFA.
Wagga Campus Tonnes of
CO2/UFA
0.16
0.155
0.15
0.145
0.14
0.135
0.13
Wagga Campus Tonnes
of CO2/UFA
Year 2006
Year 2007
2010
Targeted
10%
Reduction
4.4 Water Audit
The water consumption in kL, cost ($), values for the Wagga campus for years 2006 and 2007
are as given below.
Table 4.4 Wagga campus water analysis
Wagga Campus Water Analysis
kL
2006
2007
cost($)
% Change % Change
in kL
in cost
GFA
(SqM)
444912 315483.3
337667
UFA
(SqM)
0
0 108027.6 83532.88
24%
21.7%
246893 reduction reduction 108027.6 83532.88
% change
in UFA
kL/UFA
% change
in kL/UFA
0
5.33
0
24.2%
4.04 reduction
From this available data, there is 24 % reduction in the water consumption at the Wagga
campus, resulting in a 21.7% reduction of cost spent on water in year 2007 compared to
year 2006.
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0
Chart 4.4: Wagga gross kL/UFA.
Wagga Campus kL Water/UFA
6
5
4
3
Wagga Campus kL
Water/UFA
2
1
0
Year 2006
Year 2007
2007 Targeted
25% Reduction
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5.
Orange Campus Audit
5.1 Campus information
The orange campus of Charles Sturt University consist of the following types of facilities
Offices
Laboratories
Research facilities
Teaching facilities
Student accommodation
Sporting facilities
Food outlets/dining facilities
The identified sources of energy consumption are
Heating system
Domestic hot water
Cooling system
Electrical power and lighting
5.2 Electricity Audit
The electricity consumption (kW. h), cost ($) and equivalent of CO2 (kg & tonnes) values for
the Orange campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 5.1 Orange campus electricity analysis
Orange Campus Electricity Analysis
kW.h
Cost($)
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
electricity % change
consumption In Cost
2006
1495386
176030
643016
643
2007
1397463
160039
600909
6.55 %
601 Reduction
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0
0
9.08%
Reduction
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Chart 5.1: Orange electricity consumption and cost 2006/2007.
1600000
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
2006
2007
kW.h
cost($)
5.3 Gas Audit
The gas consumption in MJ, equivalent kW. H, cost ($), and equivalent CO2 (kg & tonnes)
values for the Orange campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 5.2 Orange campus gas analysis
Orange Campus Gas Analysis
MJ
cost($)
kW.h
kg CO2
% Change In
Gas
% change
Tonnes CO2 consumption In Cost
2006
1653546
21046
45935
87277
87
2007
1609802
21219
447203
84968
2.65%
85 Reduction
0
0
0.83 %
Reduction
Chart 5.2: Orange gas consumption and cost 2006/2007
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The equivalent tonnes of CO2 for the electricity and gas consumption for the Orange campus
and the CO2 equivalent per usable floor area are as given below.
Table 5.3 Orange campus equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage analysis
Orange
gross
Tonnes
CO2
Orange
GFA
(SqM)
Orange
% change
UFA(SqM)
in UFA
2006
730 20497.56
17747.83
0
2007
686 20497.56
17747.83
0
Orange gross % change
Tonnes
in Tonnes
CO2/UFA
CO2/UFA
0.041
0
5.6%
0.0387 reduction
Chart 5.3: Orange gross Tonnes of CO2/UFA 2006/2007
Orange Campus Tonnes of CO2/UFA
0.042
0.041
0.04
0.039
0.038
0.037
0.036
0.035
0.034
Orange Campus Tonnes
of CO2/UFA
Year 2006
Year 2007
2010 Targeted
10% Reduction
5.4 Water Audit
The water consumption in kL, cost ($), values for the Orange campus for years 2006 and
2007 are as given below.
Table 5.4 Orange campus water analysis
Orange Campus Water Analysis
kL
% Change
in Usage % Change
cost($)
(kL)
in cost
2006
49119
73225
0
2007
37826
23%
21%
57908 reduction reduction
0
GFA
UFA
% change
in UFA
kL/UFA
% change
in kL/UFA
20498
17748
0
2.77
204978
17748
0
23.1%
2.13 reduction
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0
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Chart 5.4: Orange kL/UFA 2006/2007.
Orange Campus kL Water/UFA
3
2.5
2
1.5
Orange Campus kL
Water/UFA
1
0.5
0
Year 2006
Year 2007
2007 Targeted
25% Reduction
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
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6.
Thurgoona Campus Audit
6.1 Campus information
The Albury/Thurgoona campus of Charles Sturt University consist of the following types of
facilities
Offices
Research facilities
Teaching facilities
Student accommodation
Sporting facilities
Food outlets/dining facilities
The identified sources of energy consumption are
Heating system
Domestic hot water
Cooling system
Electrical power and lighting
There is a high level ecological sustainable designed (ESD) buildings on this campus
compared to other campuses. These ESD initiatives are continuously being improved upon
and incorporated in the design/construction of new facilities within the campus.
6.2 Electricity Audit
The electricity consumption (kW. h), cost ($) and equivalent of CO2 (kg & tonnes) values for
the Thurgoona campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 6.1 Thurgoona campus electricity analysis
Thurgoona Campus Electricity Analysis
kW.h
2006
2007
1095008
643906
Cost($)
134121
115201
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
electricity % change
consumption In Cost
470850
471
276880
41.2 %
277 reduction
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
0
0
14.1%
reduction
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Chart 6.1: Thurgoona electricity consumption and cost 2006/2007.
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
2006
400000
2007
200000
0
kW.h
Cost($)
6.3 Gas Audit
The gas consumption in MJ, equivalent kW. H, cost ($), and equivalent CO2 (kg & tonnes)
values for the Thurgoona campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 6.2 Thurgoona campus gas analysis
Thurgoona Campus Gas Analysis
MJ
cost($)
kW.h
kg CO2
2006
5071824 42760.63 1408952.7
267700
2007
2954046 30128.99 820633.98
1559200
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
Gas
consumption
268
% change
In Cost
0
41.76%
156 Reduction
0
29.54 %
Reduction
Chart 6.2: Thurgoona gas consumption and cost 2006/2007
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24 | P a g e
The equivalent tonnes of CO2 for the electricity and gas consumption for the
Thurgoona campus and the CO2 equivalent per usable floor area are as given below.
Table 6.3 Thurgoona campus equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage analysis
Thurgoona
Thurgoona
gross
gross
% change
Tonnes
Thurgoona Thurgoona % change Tonnes
in
CO2
GFA (SqM) UFA( SqM)
in UFA
CO2/UFA CO2/UFA
2006
739
2007
433
12808.94
8844.9
12808.94
8844.9
0
0.084
0
41%
0.049 reduction
0
Chart 6.3: Thurgoona gross Tonnes of CO2/UFA 2006/2007
Thurgoona Gross Tonnes
CO2/UFA
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Thurgoona Gross
Tonnes CO2/UFA
Year 2006 Year 2007 Targeted
2010 10%
Reduction
6.4 Water Audit
The water consumption in kL, cost ($), values for the Thurgoona campus for years 2006 and
2007 are as given below.
Table 6.4 Thurgoona campus water analysis
Thurgoona Campus Water Analysis
kL
2006
7689
2007
11281
cost($)
8940
% Change
in usage % Change
(kL)
in cost
0
GFA
(SqM)
0 12808.94
46.72%
46.72%
14618.43 increment increment
12808.94
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
UFA
(SqM)
% change
in UFA
kL/UFA
% change
in kL/UFA
8844.9
0
0.87
8844.9
0
47.1%
1.28 increase
25 | P a g e
0
Chart 6.4: Thurgoona kL/UFA 2006/2007.
Thurgoona kL/UFA
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Thurgoona kL/UFA
Year 2006
Year 2007
Targeted
2007 25%
Reduction
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
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7.
Albury Campus Audit
7.1 Campus information
The Albury campus of Charles Sturt University consist of the following types of facilities
Offices
Research facilities
Teaching facilities
Student accommodation
Sporting facilities
Food outlets/dining facilities
The identified sources of energy consumption are
Heating system
Domestic hot water
Cooling system
Electrical power and lighting
7.2 Electricity Audit
The electricity consumption (kW. h), cost ($) and equivalent of CO2 (kg & tonnes) values for
the Albury campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 7.1 Albury campus electricity analysis
Albury Campus Electricity Analysis
kW.h
Cost($)
Tonnes
CO2
kg CO2
% Change In
electricity
% change
consumption In Cost
2006
915437
118115
393640
393.64
2007
834665 136473.3
358910
8.82%
358.91 reduction
0
0
15.54%
Increase
Chart 7.1: Albury electricity consumption and cost 2006/2007.
1000000
800000
600000
2006
400000
2007
200000
0
kW.h
Cost($)
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27 | P a g e
7.3 Gas Audit
The gas consumption in MJ, equivalent kW. H, cost ($), and equivalent CO2 (kg & tonnes)
values for the Albury campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 7.2 Albury campus gas analysis
Albury Campus Gas Analysis
MJ
cost($)
kW.h
Tonnes
CO2
kg CO2
% Change In
Gas
% change
consumption In Cost
2006
5008355 49317.91
1391321
264350
264.35
0
2007
2992147 43384.72 831218.4
157930
40.26%
157.93 Reduction
0
12.03 %
Reduction
Chart 7.2: Albury gas consumption and cost 2006/2007
The equivalent tonnes of CO2 for the electricity and gas consumption for the Albury campus
and the CO2 equivalent per usable floor area are as given below.
Table 7.3 Albury campus equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage analysis
Albury
gross
Tonnes
CO2
2006
2007
Albury
Albury
UFA
GFA(SqM) (SqM)
658
517
14112.06
14112.06
Albury
gross
% change Tonnes
in UFA
CO2/UFA
9241.1
9241.1
%
change in
gross
Tonnes
CO2/UFA
0
0.071
0
21%
0.056 reduction
0
Chart 7.3: Albury gross Tonnes of CO2/UFA 2006/2007
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
28 | P a g e
Albury Gross Tonnes
CO2/UFA
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
Year 2006 Year 2007 Targeted
2010 10%
Reduction
Albury Gross
Tonnes CO2/UFA
7.4 Water Audit
The water consumption in kL, cost ($), values for the Albury campus for years 2006 and 2007
are as given below.
Table 7.4 Albury water analysis
Albury Campus Water Analysis
kL
% Change
%
in usage % Change GFA
change
cost($)
(kL)
in cost
(SqM) UFA(SqM) in UFA
2006 10310
12676
2007 15199
47.42%
39772 increase
0
213.76%
increase
kL/UFA
% Change
in kL/UFA
0 14112
9241
0
1.12
0
14112
9241
0
47.3%
1.65 increase
Chart 7.4: Albury kL/UFA 2006/2007.
Albury kL/UFA
2
1.5
1
0.5
Albury kL/UFA
0
Year 2006 Year 2007 Targeted
2007 25%
Reduction
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
29 | P a g e
8.
Canberra Campus Audit
8.1 Campus information
The identified sources of energy consumption are
Heating system
Domestic hot water
Cooling system
Electrical power and lighting
8.2 Electricity Audit
The electricity consumption (kW. h), cost ($) and equivalent of CO2 (kg & tonnes) values for
the Canberra campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 8.1 Canberra campus electricity analysis
Canberra Campus Electricity Analysis
kW.h
Cost($)
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
electricity
% change
consumption
In Cost
2006
29837
2521
12830
12.83
2007
39704
4566
17073
33.07 %
17.07 Increase
0
0
81.12%
Increase
Chart 8.1: Canberra electricity consumption and cost 2006/2007.
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2006
2007
kW.h
Cost($)
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
30 | P a g e
8.3 Gas Audit
The gas consumption in MJ, equivalent kW. H, cost ($), and equivalent CO2 (kg & tonnes)
values for the Canberra campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 8.2 Canberra campus gas analysis
Canberra Campus Gas Analysis
MJ
cost($)
kW.h
kg CO2
2006
126938
1650
458
87
2007
170000
2211
614
117
% Change In
Gas
% change
consumption In Cost
Tonnes
CO2
0.087
33.92%
0.12 increase
0
0
33.97%
increase
Chart 8.2: Canberra gas consumption and cost 2006/2007
The equivalent tonnes of CO2 for the electricity and gas consumption for the Canberra
campus and the CO2 equivalent per usable floor area are as given below.
Table 8.3 Canberra campus equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage
Canberra
Gross
Tonnes
CO2
Canberra
gross
% change
Canberra
Canberra % change Tonnes
in
GFA(SqM) UFA (SqM) in UFA CO2/UFA CO2/UFA
2006
13
871
566.15
0
2007
17
871
566.15
0
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
0.023
0
32%
0.0304 increase
31 | P a g e
Chart 8.3: Canberra gross Tonnes of CO2/UFA 2006/2007
Canberra Campus Tonnes of
CO2/UFA
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
Year 2006 Year 2007
Canberra Campus
Tonnes of CO2/UFA
2010
Targeted
10%
Reduction
8.4 Water Audit
The water consumption in kL, cost ($), values for the Canberra campus for years 2006 and
2007 are as given below.
Table 8.4 Canberra campus water analysis
Canberra Campus Water Analysis
kL
cost($)
% Change % Change
UFA
in kL
in cost
GFA(SqM) (SqM)
2006
1947
3174
0
0
2007
1843
5.8%
5.88%
2997 reduction reduction
% change
in UFA
kL/UFA
% change
in kL/UFA
871
566.15
0
3.44
871
566.15
0
5.23%
3.26 reduction
From this available data, there is 5.80 % reduction in the water consumption at the Canberra
campus, resulting in a 5.88% reduction in cost spent on water in year 2007 compared to year
2006.
Chart 8.4: Canberra kL/UFA 2006/2007
Canberra Campus kL
Water/UFA
4
Canberra
Campus kL
Water/UFA
2
0
Year 2006
2007
Year
Targeted
2007 25% Reduction
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
32 | P a g e
0
9.
Dubbo Campus Audit
9.1 Campus information
The Dubbo campus consists of the interactive learning centre (stage1) and some adjoining
buildings.
The identified sources of energy consumption are
Heating system
Domestic hot water
Cooling system (shower towers and associated pump system)
Electrical power and lighting
9.2 Electricity Audit
The electricity consumption (kW. h), cost ($) and equivalent of CO2 (kg & tonnes) values for
the Dubbo campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 9.1 Dubbo campus electricity analysis
Dubbo Campus Electricity Analysis
kW.h
Cost($)
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
electricity % change
consumption In Cost
2006
388592
52594
167095
167.09
2007
378713
43900
162847
2.54%
162.85 reduction
0
0
16.53%
reduction
Chart 9.1: Dubbo electricity consumption and cost 2006/2007.
500000
400000
300000
2006
200000
2007
100000
0
kW.h
Cost($)
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33 | P a g e
9.3 Gas Audit
The gas consumption in MJ, equivalent kW. H, cost ($), and equivalent CO2 (kg & tonnes)
values for the Dubbo campus for years 2006 and 2007 are as given below.
Table 9.2 Dubbo campus gas analysis
Dubbo Campus Gas Analysis
MJ
cost($)
kW.h
kg CO2
2006
1682387
21093
469050
89119.4
2007
1345427
17723
373796
71014.3
Tonnes
CO2
% Change In
Gas
% change
consumption In Cost
89.12
0
20.03%
71.014 reduction
0
15.98 %
reduction
Chart 9.2: Dubbo gas consumption and cost 2006/2007
The equivalent tonnes of CO2 for the electricity and gas consumption for the Dubbo campus
and the CO2 equivalent per usable floor area are as given below.
Table 9.3 Dubbo campus equivalent tonnes of CO2 from energy usage
Dubbo
gross
Tonnes
CO2
Dubbo
GFA
(SqM)
Dubbo
UFA(SqM)
Dubbo
gross
% change
% change Tonnes
in
in UFA
CO2/UFA CO2/UFA
2006
256.21
5757.62
3786.59
0
0.068
2007
233.864
5757.62
3786.59
0
8.8%
0.062 reduction
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
0
34 | P a g e
Dubbo Campus kL Water/UFA
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Dubbo Campus kL
Water/UFA
Year 2006
Year 2007
2007 Targeted
25%
Reduction
Chart 9.3: Dubbo gross Tonnes of CO2/UFA 2006/2007
Dubbo Campus Tonnes of
CO2/UFA
0.07
0.068
0.066
0.064
0.062
0.06
0.058
0.056
Year 2006
Year 2007
2010
Targeted
10%
Reduction
Dubbo Campus Tonnes
of CO2/UFA
9.4 Water Audit
The water consumption in kL, cost ($), values for the Dubbo campus for years 2006 and 2007
are as given below.
Table 9.4 Dubbo campus water analysis
Dubbo Campus Electricity
kW.h
Cost($)
kg CO2
Tonnes
CO2
% Change
In
electricity
consumpti % change
on
In Cost
2006
388592 52594.01 167094.6
167.09
0
2007
378713 43900.12 162846.6
2.54%
16.53%
162.85 reduction reduction
0
Chart 9.4: Dubbo kL/UFA 2006/2007
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35 | P a g e
10. TEFMA Comparisons
The Tertiary Education Facilities Management Association (TEFMA) each year undertakes a
benchmarking exercise of University facilities. In 2007, energy was considered in detail and CSU
performance can be tracked against all other institutions and the sector mean for a range of
parameters.
The extract below shows CSU Energy Use (GJ/m2) against all Australian Universities Mean. As
you can see, CSU still sits well above the mean, despite having a range of sparsely conditioned
building
Chart 10.1 – Energy Consumption (GJ/m2)
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
AU MEAN
0.72
0.54
0.54
0.67
0.64
0.63
0.69
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.73
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.72
CSU ALL
0.87
1.01
0.89
0.85
0.94
0.95
0.93
0.92
0.82
1.16
1.22
0.85
0.83
0.81
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
36 | P a g e
Water consumption tells a similar story.
Chart 10.2 Water Consumption (Kl/m2)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
AU MEAN
1993
1994
1995
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.8
CSU ALL
1.5
2.1
3.2
3
3
3.2
3.1
1.8
3.3
2.7
2.9
2.6
Division of Facilities Management, 2007 Energy & Water Scorecard
37 | P a g e
Appendix A - Conversion factors
Electricity
Natural gas
kW.h
Fuel
1
1
Kg CO2
0.43
0.19
Fuel
Natural gas
MJ
1
kW.h
0.2778
Source: CIBSE Guide F (energy efficiency in building).
Appendix B - Glossary of terms
MJ: Mega joules.
kW.h: Kilo watt hour.
kL: Kilo litre.
LPHW: Low pressure hot water
NG: Natural gas.
CO2: Carbon dioxide.
GFA: Gross floor area.
UFA: Usable floor area.
Sq.M: Square meter
CIBSE: Chartered institution of building services engineers.
Referenced Published Document
CIBSE Guide F; Energy efficiency in buildings (2004)
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