1.
2008
ENVIRONMENTAL SCORECARD
|Page
Foreword
In December 2005, the University Council endorsed Charles Sturt University’s (CSU) University
Strategy as a document of strategic intent. This strategy identified the responsible stewardship of
resources among the University’s key objectives for 2007-2011 and beyond.
CSU’s Environmental Scorecard is an annual report that has been developed to provide an open and
frank assessment of the University’s progress against its sustainability targets set out in the
Institutional Development Plan. This is the second edition of the report and I look forward to further
supporting its development in future years.
Encouraging progress has been made since 2006 towards the University’s 25% reduction targets in
water and energy use by 2011 and 2015 respectively. Despite this progress, there is no doubt that
future challenges lie ahead in order for the targets to be realised and the University community must
continue to work together to maximise resource efficiency in our day-to-day roles and
responsibilities.
I would like to thank the staff and students that have already made a contribution to CSU’s
sustainability targets through projects that they have been involved in – some of which are outlined
in Section 2 of this report. I would also like to congratulate those who have made small changes in
their daily routines in the interests of the environment – collectively these actions make a big
difference to the University’s footprint.
Professor Ian Goulter
Vice Chancellor and President
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
2|Page
Executive Summary
This report reviews the energy and water use and associated costs for Charles Sturt University’s
(CSU) major campuses (Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Orange, Thurgoona, Albury, Dubbo, Canberra and
Broken Hill) for 2008 against values for 2007 and the baseline year, 2006. The purpose of this report
is to provide a comparison and commentary of CSU’s performance against the sustainability targets
referred to within the University’s Strategic Plan.
The University’s Institutional Development Plan (IDP) sets out the following sustainability targets in
relation to the baseline year, 2006:
- reduction in water consumption of 25% by 2011
- reduction in energy use of 10% by 2011 & 25% by 2015
- to utilise at least 10% of CSU land for the purposes of increasing biodiversity by 2011 and
20% by 2015
- to become a no waste University by 2011
- to be carbon neutral by 2015
In 2008, an additional 3,596 m2 of gross floor area was commissioned across the University’s building
portfolio. This represents an increase of 1.5% of total floor area.
Overall, CSU consumed more energy in 2008 than it did in 2007 resulting in a 1.5% increase in
stationary energy related greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 0-1). Despite this small increase in
energy related greenhouse gas emissions, 2008 figures remained 8.5% below the 2006 baseline year.
Figure 0-1 - Energy related greenhouse gas emissions for all CSU campuses for the period 2006 to
2008
Total water consumption for all CSU campuses reduced significantly from 2007 to 2008 (Figure 0-2).
In 2008 water consumption was reduced by 40% compared to the 2006 baseline year. This surpasses
the 25% reduction target set for 2011.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
3|Page
Figure 0-2 - Water consumption associated with all CSU campuses for the period 2006 to 2008
Greenhouse gas emissions produced by CSU staff travel activities (vehicle and air travel) have
increased significantly since 2006 (Figure 0-3) with increases of 23% and 39% in 2007 and 2008
respectively. It should be noted that some increases in air travel emissions may be attributed to
improvements in the centralised collection of data since 2006.
Figure 0-3 - Travel related greenhouse gas emissions associated with CSU operations for the period
2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
4|Page
Footprint ready reckoner
The following provides some everyday comparisons to the volume of resources consumed
and travel undertaken by CSU in 2008.
Resource
Energy
Water
2008 Figure
25,954 tonnes CO2
equivalent
448,900,000 litres
Vehicle travel
4,940,000 kilometres
Air travel
20,065,623 kilometres
Comparisons
2,003 4-person households
2,232 urban 4-person households
448 Olympic-sized swimming pools
Annual distance travelled by 345 family
cars
28,142 trips from Sydney to Melbourne
It should be noted that data contained in this Scorecard has not been normalised for temperature
and rainfall variations to provide more accurate comparisons with the baseline data. Current
observations in energy and water use (ie apparent increases or decreases) may be influenced in part
by climatic variations from one year to the next. These adjustments will be made in future years.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
5|Page
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 8
1.
University wide analysis ............................................................................................................. 9
1.1. Electricity consumption analysis ..................................................................................... 9
1.2. Gas usage analysis......................................................................................................... 11
1.3. Water consumption analysis......................................................................................... 12
1.4. Waste production analysis ............................................................................................ 14
1.5. Motor vehicle travel analysis ........................................................................................ 16
1.6. Air travel analysis .......................................................................................................... 17
1.7. Greenhouse gas emissions analysis .............................................................................. 18
1.8. Planned building additions............................................................................................ 20
2.
Sustainability initiatives implemented in 2008........................................................................ 21
3.
Wagga Wagga campus analysis ............................................................................................... 23
3.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 23
3.2. Electricity audit ............................................................................................................. 23
3.3. Gas audit ....................................................................................................................... 24
3.4. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 24
3.5. Waste audit ................................................................................................................... 25
4.
Bathurst campus analysis......................................................................................................... 27
4.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 27
4.2. Electricity audit ............................................................................................................. 27
4.3. Gas audit ....................................................................................................................... 27
4.4. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 28
4.5. Waste audit ................................................................................................................... 29
5.
Orange campus analysis........................................................................................................... 30
5.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 30
5.2. 5.2 Electricity audit ....................................................................................................... 30
5.3. Gas audit ....................................................................................................................... 30
5.4. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 31
5.5. Waste audit ................................................................................................................... 32
6.
Thurgoona campus analysis ..................................................................................................... 33
6.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 33
6.2. Electricity audit ............................................................................................................. 33
6.3. Gas audit ....................................................................................................................... 34
6.4. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 34
6.5. Waste audit – Thurgoona & Albury .............................................................................. 35
7.
Albury campus analysis ............................................................................................................ 37
7.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 37
7.2. Electricity audit ............................................................................................................. 37
7.3. Gas audit ....................................................................................................................... 37
7.4. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 38
8.
Dubbo campus analysis............................................................................................................ 39
8.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 39
8.2. Electricity audit ............................................................................................................. 39
8.3. Gas audit ....................................................................................................................... 39
8.4. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 40
8.5. Waste audit ................................................................................................................... 40
9.
Canberra campus analysis........................................................................................................ 42
9.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 42
9.2. Electricity audit ............................................................................................................. 42
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
6|Page
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
9.3. Gas audit ....................................................................................................................... 42
9.4. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 43
Broken Hill campus analysis ..................................................................................................... 44
10.1. Campus information ..................................................................................................... 44
10.2. Electricity audit ............................................................................................................. 44
10.3. Water audit ................................................................................................................... 44
TEFMA Benchmarking .............................................................................................................. 46
Referenced published documents ........................................................................................... 48
Appendix A - Conversion factors.............................................................................................. 49
Appendix B – Abbreviations & units used................................................................................ 50
Appendix C – Worksheets ........................................................................................................ 51
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
7|Page
Introduction
Charles Sturt University as an institution is committed to efficient resource use in facilities across all
campuses.
This Scorecard reviews the energy and water use and associated costs for CSU’s major campuses
(Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Orange, Thurgoona, Albury, Dubbo, Canberra and Broken Hill) for 2008
against values for 2007 and the baseline year, 2006.
The first edition of CSU’s Scorecard was published in 2007 and was titled Energy & Water Scorecard.
The scope of the document has grown in 2008 to capture other metrics possessing sustainability
targets under CSU’s IDP (eg waste, travel-related GHG emissions). It is envisaged that future editions
of the Scorecard will also include a measurement against CSU’s land use target for improving
biodiversity as the organisation’s progress in this area matures.
Data for CSU’s Goulburn, Manly, Ontario and Parramatta operations is not presented given the
University’s role as a tenant/sub-tenant within these facilities.
In reviewing resource use associated with the major campuses, the following indicators have been
selected:
Electricity consumption in kilowatt hours (kWh) and equivalent tonnes of CO2 emissions
Gas consumption in megajoules (MJ) and equivalent tonnes of CO2 emissions
Mains supplied water consumption in kilolitres (kL)
Waste management costs in dollars ($)a
Travel by university vehicles for business use in kilometres (km), associated fuel use in litres
(L) and equivalent tonnes of CO2 emissions
Air travel for university business in kilometres (km) and equivalent tonnes of CO2 emissions
a
Dollars used as a proxy for volume of waste produced due to the availability of data. It is envisaged that waste will be
reported in terms of volume in future versions of the Scorecard.
It is important to note that the indicators chosen are those with readily available data, as recorded
by Division of Facilities Management and Finance Division.
The Environmental Scorecard will be published annually in March for the purposes of assessing
CSU’s performance against its sustainability targets and increasing awareness among staff, students
and the general community of the measures being taken to address these targets.
It is noted that the 2007 version of the Scorecard utilised a European conversion factor for
calculating electricity-related GHG emissions. The 2008 version utilises the appropriate factor for
NSW-based electricity generation. In addition, a quality review process for collated data was
introduced to the preparation of the 2008 Scorecard that involved a revision of 2006 and 2007 data.
As a result, there are several minor variations in values presented in the 2007 version compared to
the current.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
8|Page
1. University wide analysis
1.1. Electricity consumption analysis
In 2008, a small increase in electricity consumption across all campuses was observed compared to
2007. The increase represented 1.4% of 2006 electricity use. Overall the University used 4.5% less
electricity in 2008 than the baseline year, 2006.
Figure 1-1 - Electricity use across all CSU campuses
Wagga Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the largest users of electricity accounting for 52% and
30% respectively in 2008 (Figure 1-2). Orange, Albury, Thurgoona, Dubbo, Canberra and Broken Hill
collectively represented 18% of CSU’s electricity use.
Figure 1-2 - Proportion of total electricity used by each CSU campus in 2008
Analysing electricity consumption for each campus against gross floor area provides a means of
comparing the intensity of electricity use by the varied-sized campuses (Figure 1-3). In 2008, Wagga
Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the most intensive users of electricity at 111 and 94 kWh/m2 of
gross floor area (GFA) respectively. Canberra was the least intensive electricity user at 29 kWh/m2.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
9|Page
These results highlight the challenges associated with the efficient operation of large campuses such
as Wagga Wagga and Bathurst that comprise a multitude of decentralised plant, buildings and
equipment. It is likely that the figure for Albury campus is suppressed as a result of staff and
students being relocated to the Thurgoona campus and population densities being reduced.
Conversely, efficiencies gained at the Thurgoona campus figurers have been offset as a result of staff
and student relocations to the site.
It is noted that the 2007 Scorecard analysed energy and water use by useable floor area rather than
gross floor area. Gross floor area will be used in future versions of the scorecard to ensure
consistency with the industry standard for normalisation.
Figure 1-3 - Electricity use intensity comparison, based on gross floor area, for CSU campuses in
2008 compared to 2006
A summary of electricity related charges (summation of network and usage charges) is provided in
Table 1-1. Average electricity market prices have increased by more than 16% between the
2005/2006 and 2008/2009 financial years (NEMMCO, 2009). CSU entered new supply agreements at
several of its campuses during this period. CSU’s total electricity related charges have increased by
14.8% from 2006 to 2008 as a result of increased prices, despite a 5.1% reduction in electricity use
over the same period.
It is noted that a billing anomaly for Thurgoona occurred throughout 2006 and 2007 period which
resulted in a one off back-charge of approximately $45,000 being applied by the retailer in the 2008
reporting period.
Table 1-1 - Electricity related charges for CSU campuses in 2008
2006
2007
2008
Wagga
Wagga
$1,131,187
$1,181,730
$1,331,488
Bathurst
Orange
Albury
Thurgoona
Dubbo
Canberra
$869,331
$872,142
$881,137
$176,030
$160,039
$214,900
$118,115
$138,153
$159,492
$134,121
$163,858
$210,979
$52,594
$43,900
$44,458
$2,521
$4,566
$7,933
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
Broken
Hill
$9,493
$9,493
$29,044
CSU Total
$2,483,899
$2,564,389
$2,850,387
10 | P a g e
1.2. Gas usage analysis
In 2008, a small increase in natural gas consumption across all campuses was observed compared to
2007 (Figure 1-4). The increase represented 2.1% of 2006 natural gas use. Overall the University
consumed 11.3% less natural gas in 2008 than the baseline year, 2006.
A rudimentary review of climate data associated with campus locations indicates that 2007 had a
more mild winter than 2006 with mean minimum monthly temperatures being consistent or slightly
above the long term average. The winter of 2008 was also observed to be more mild than 2006. The
affect of a more mild winter is reduced heating loads to buildings and hot water.
Figure 1-4 – Natural gas consumption across all CSU campuses
Wagga Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the largest users of natural gas accounting for 47% and
43% respectively in 2008 (Figure 1-5). Orange, Albury, Thurgoona, Dubbo and Canberra collectively
represented 10% of CSU’s natural gas use.
Figure 1-5 - Proportion of total natural gas used by each CSU campus in 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
11 | P a g e
In 2008, Bathurst campus was the most intensive user of natural gas by a significant margin at 579
MJ/m2 of GFA followed by Wagga Wagga campus at 437 MJ/m2. Orange was the least intensive
natural gas user at 90 MJ/m2. These trends, in part, can be attributed to the relatively cool winter
climates experienced in Bathurst compared to the other campuses and the fact that most existing
buildings on the Orange campus are fitted with electric rather than gas heating.
Figure 1-6 – Natural gas use intensity comparison, based on gross floor area, for CSU campuses in
2008 compared to 2006
A summary of natural gas related charges (summation of network and usage charges) is provided in
Table 1-2. CSU’s total natural gas related charges have increased by 7.1% from 2006 to 2008 as a
result of the increased prices, despite an 11.3% reduction in natural gas consumption over the same
period. Natural gas supply agreements for the campuses are with several different suppliers. For
each of these, usage charges have generally been revised on an annual basis. Using Wagga Wagga
Campus as an example, natural gas usage charges per MJ increased by 3.7% from 2006 to 2007 and
by 4.3% from 2007 to 2008.
Table 1-2 – Natural gas related charges for CSU campuses in 2008
Wagga
Wagga
2006 $442,589
2007 $403,199
2008 $407,021
Bathurst
Orange
Albury
$315,458
$310,794
$425,419
$26,880
$21,806
$26,396
$49,318
$43,385
$40,912
Thurgoona Dubbo
$42,761 $21,093
$30,067 $17,723
$33,720 $26,320
Canberra CSU Total
$1,650
$2,211
$4,263
$899,749
$829,184
$964,052
1.3. Water consumption analysis
In 2008, CSU experienced a significant reduction in mains supplied water use compared to 2007
(Figure 1-7). The reduction represents 16.1% of 2006 water use. Overall the University consumed
40.0% less mains supplied water in 2008 than the baseline year, 2006. This result surpasses the
University’s target of a 25% reduction on 2006 water use.
It is noted that the term mains supplied water is used over potable water due to Bathurst campus
receiving a raw water supply for irrigation purposes. Water supplied from both potable and raw
water supplies has been included in the data for Bathurst campus.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
12 | P a g e
Figure 1-7 – Mains supplied water consumption across all CSU campuses for the period 2006 to
2008
Wagga Wagga and Bathurst campuses were the largest users of mains supplied water accounting for
67% and 23% respectively in 2008 (Figure 1-8). Orange, Albury, Thurgoona, Dubbo, Canberra and
Broken Hill collectively represented 10% of CSU’s mains supplied water consumption.
Figure 1-8 - Proportion of total mains supplied water used by each CSU campus in 2008
In 2008, Wagga Wagga was the most intensive user of mains supplied water at 2.7 kL/m2 of GFA.
Thurgoona and Broken Hill campuses were the least intensive water users at 0.3 kL/m2. These
trends, in part, can be attributed to water use for irrigation of vineyards, glasshouses, playing fields
and selected lawn areas at Wagga Wagga campus. Canberra campus’ water use intensity has been
observed to decrease significantly with the commissioning of water efficient new facilities.
Thurgoona is deemed a low intensity water user due to the absence of irrigated playing fields or
lawn areas and a very high composition of indigenous plants making up landscaped areas. The
limited number of evaporative coolers and cooling towers present at the Thurgoona campus is
another contributing factor.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
13 | P a g e
Figure 1-9 – Mains supplied water use intensity comparison, based on gross floor area, for CSU
campuses in 2008 compared to 2006
A summary of water related charges (summation of network and usage charges) is provided in Table
1-3. CSU’s total water related charges have decreased by 24.2% from 2006 to 2008 representing an
annual saving of more than $140,000. Each of CSU’s campuses is supplied water from a different
water utility. Price increases did occur from 2006 to 2008, however these varied across the
campuses. Bathurst campus experienced the greatest price increase with the cost of filtered water
increasing by 35% from January 2006 to August 2008.
It is noted that the apparent cost reductions at the Canberra campus are a result of a faulty revenue
meter.
Table 1-3 - Water related charges for CSU campuses in 2008
2006
2007
2008
Wagga
Wagga
$315,483
$246,893
$227,979
Bathurst
Orange
Albury
Thurgoona
Dubbo
Canberra
$153,799
$134,813
$88,622
$73,225
$57,908
$47,358
$12,676
$30,521
$25,989
$8,940
$13,321
$13,075
$20,379
$30,259
$36,482
$3,174
$5,097
$2,702
Broken
Hill
$3,025
$2,340
$2,230
CSU
Total
$590,701
$521,151
$444,437
1.4. Waste production analysis
Waste management costs have been collated for this analysis due to data on actual volumes of
waste produced not being available for each of the campuses. Reporting processes have been
established to allow this data to be compiled for 2009 and into the future.
It is noted that waste management costs do not provide an ideal proxy for volumes of waste
produced by waste type. This is due to single suppliers providing individual invoices for services that
in some cases cover multiple waste streams (eg general waste and recycling).
In 2008, waste management related charges reduced by 9.1% compared to the baseline year, 2006
(Figure 1-10). This reduction in charges is primarily attributable to changes in the way that waste is
managed at the Wagga Wagga Campus. A compactor is now housed at the site that has the ability to
reduce general waste down by 75 – 80% of its original volume. This process reduces that number of
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
14 | P a g e
trips to site that are required from the waste contractor and the embedded energy associated with
transportation of the waste to landfill. It is noted that the introduction of a closed-loop organics
recycling scheme and co-mingled recycling to the Wagga Wagga campus is also expected to have
reduced the total volume of general waste going to landfill.
Figure 1-10 – Waste management related charges for Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Orange, Thurgoona,
Albury and Dubbo campuses for the period 2006 to 2008
General waste to landfill represents approximately 50% of CSU’s waste management costs (Figure
1-11). There has been a 17.4% reduction in the cost of managing general waste in 2008 compared to
2006.
Recycling and sanitary waste represent a similar proportion of CSU’s waste management costs, both
fluctuating between 22% and 28%. Compost, liquid waste and bulk dumping management costs
typically represent less than 3% of total waste management costs.
Figure 1-11 - Break down of waste management costs for all campuses, by waste stream, for the
period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
15 | P a g e
In 2008, Wagga Wagga campus comprised 44% of CSU’s waste management costs (Figure 1-12).
Combined costs for Thurgoona and Albury campuses were the next largest contributors at 27%.
Figure 1-12 – Proportion of waste management related charges, by campus, for 2008
Electronic waste or E-waste (computers and peripheral devices) is not captured by the categories
provided above. For several years, CSU’s Division of IT (DIT) has practised a policy of no E-waste to
landfill.
For the period 2005-2008, E-waste was disposed of via an appropriate recycling agent. In 2008,
these disposal practices became cost prohibitive and a new process of renovating computers and
selling via auction has been utilised. In 2008, 140 desktop computers were sold at a profit of
$13,900. This money is redirected by the Executive Director, DIT back into sustainability related
projects throughout CSU.
It is noted that computers that are considered obsolete are still disposed of via a recycling agent to
minimise the risk of such equipment quickly becoming disposed of via landfill.
1.5. Motor vehicle travel analysis
Data relating to fuel consumption by CSU vehicles on business related travel has been collated as a
rolled-up figure. A breakdown of fuel use, by fuel type (eg ULP, diesel, LPG) is planned for future
versions of the Scorecard.
In 2008, there was a 5% increase in the volume of fuel consumed by CSU vehicle on business related
travel (Figure 1-13). This increase is attributed to a 10.7% increase in the number of kilometres that
were travelled by University vehicles compared to 2006 (Figure 1-14) and is likely to have been
offset to some extent by improvements in fuel efficiency of the vehicle fleet.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
16 | P a g e
Figure 1-13 - Litres of fuel consumed by CSU vehicles for business related travel
Figure 1-14 - Kilometres travelled by CSU vehicles for business related travel
1.6. Air travel analysis
In 2008, there was an 89% increase in the number of kilometres travelled by CSU staff on domestic
flights and a 37% increase in kilometres travelled on international flights compared to 2006. These
two figures combined represent a 45% increase in total flight kilometres.
It is noted that improvements in the centralised collation of travel data since 2006 may provide an
apparent increase air travel (ie not all flights taken by CSU staff were captured in 2006).
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
17 | P a g e
Figure 1-15 - Kilometres travelled by CSU staff on domestic and international flights for the period
2006 to 2008
1.7. Greenhouse gas emissions analysis
A summary of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the consumption of stationary
energy at all CSU campuses is provided in Table 1-4. These figures follow the trends associated with
electricity and natural gas consumption. In 2008, there was a 8.5% reduction in the volume of energy
related GHG emissions compared to 2006.
A significant contributor to the reduced energy related greenhouse gas emissions that is not
highlighted through reductions in electricity and natural gas consumption, is the decommissioning of
a coal fired boiler at Bathurst campus in mid-2006.
Table 1-4 - Greenhouse gas emissions associated with stationary energy consumption (electricity,
natural gas and coal) for each CSU campus (shown in Tonnes CO2 equivalent). Percentage change
represents difference from the 2006 baseline year
2006
2007
2008
Wagga
Wagga
14253
13534
13282
Bathurst
Orange
Albury
Thurgoona
Dubbo
Canberra
9868
8447
8467
1417
1327
1601
1072
983
919
1235
725
1026
432
406
431
33
44
50
Broken
Hill
56
56
178
CSU
Total
28367
25522
25954
%
Change
-10.0%
-8.5%
In 2008, Wagga Wagga campus represented 51% of CSU’s combined energy use while Bathurst was
then next highest user at 33%. Combined energy use at the other five campuses comprised 16% of
energy use.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
18 | P a g e
Figure 1-16 - Proportion of energy related greenhouse gas emissions for each CSU campus in 2008
In 2008, there was a 0.2% decrease in total GHG emissions associated with energy use and travel
compared to 2006 (Figure 1-17). This shows that the GHG savings achieved through an 8.5%
reduction in energy use have been nearly offset by increases in vehicle use and air travel.
Overall it is estimated that travel related activities accounted for 25% of CSU’s total GHG emissions
in 2008 (Figure 1-18). GHG emissions associated with stationary energy consumption were
responsible for 75% of the total.
Figure 1-17 - Combined energy and travel related greenhouse gas emissions for CSU during the
period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
19 | P a g e
Figure 1-18 - Breakdown of CSU's GHG emissions by source type for 2008
1.8. Planned building additions
CSU has experienced a period of significant building development since 2006 with the introduction
of Veterinary Science, Dentistry and Health Sciences to the University’s course range. In addition is
the final stage of development associated with the Albury-Wodonga Campus Relocation Project. As a
result of these factors, significant construction is planned to continue on CSU campuses out until
2011.
The net affect of planned construction activities and CSU vacating the Albury City Campus will be a
13% increase in building GFA by 2012. Inherently energy intensive operations such as laboratories,
specialist teaching spaces and clinics form a large component of the proposed new buildings.
CSU faces a real challenge in achieving a 25% reduction in energy consumption by 2015 in light of
the proposed expansion activities that are to occur. This target will only be reached through
significant investment in energy efficiency measures within existing building stock and setting
stringent performance targets for all new facilities.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
20 | P a g e
2. Sustainability initiatives implemented in 2008
This section of the Scorecard is intended to provide a high-level overview of the various sustainability initiatives that have been implemented across CSU in
2008. These initiatives are summarised in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 - Summary of sustainability projects implemented across CSU in 2008
Target area
Energy
Campus
Wagga Wagga
Energy &
sustainability
Thurgoona
Energy & water
Wagga Wagga
Sustainability
All campuses
Project overview
 Education and awareness program for student
residences
 Involved in house displays for energy consumption and
social marketing initiatives
 Received $72,631 contribution from NSW Government’s
Public Facilities Program
 Partnership project with Country Energy and Landis+Gyr
 Opening of Academic Accommodation Stage 3
Expected outcomes
 15 – 18% reduction in energy use within
targeted residences
 Provide findings that can be applied to a
University-wide project








Energy efficiency improvements to light fittings
Installation of power factor correction equipment
Water efficiency improvements in amenity areas
Received $77,000 contribution from NSW Government’s
Public Facilities Program
Required $300,000 investment by CSU
Signing onto the NSW Department of Environment &
Climate Change’s Sustainability Advantage Program



Waste
All

DIT computer renovation and resale


Waste
Bathurst

Bokashi bin (composting of organics) trial commenced
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard

Pending assessment of 6-Star As Designed
Green Star submission representing “World
Leader” in sustainable building design
463,000 kWh of electricity savings per year
4,430,000 L of potable water savings per year
Formalised assessment of CSU’s current
systems & processes to support sustainability
Implementation plan and access to resources
to improve current processes
140 computers re-sold rather than disposed of
via recycling or landfill
$13,900 profit from sales reinvested into
sustainability projects
Redirecting organic waste from landfill
21 | P a g e
Target area
Waste
Campus
Dubbo
Project overview
 Introduction of co-mingled recycling bins
Waste
Wagga Wagga

Waste
Wagga Wagga

Water
Bathurst

Commencement of closed-loop organic recycling
scheme
Introduction of co-mingled recycling bins
Water
Wagga Wagga

Installation of Muller 3C cooling tower to replace
conventional open loop cooling tower
New cooling tower has the ability to operate in a dry
mode when ambient temperatures are suitable
Grey water recycling ponds upgrade
Received $45,499 of support from Australian
Government’s Community Water Grants
Upgrade of dam and pump facilities to supply
stormwater for irrigation and compost production
Received $16,500 of support from Australian
Government’s Community Water Grants
Inclusion of rainwater harvesting project in new
Veterinary Clinic Building
Provides water for hosing down of hard surfaces in
animal holding pens
Received $49,905 of support from Australian
Government’s Community Water Grants
Conversion of ornamental lake to stormwater top-up
Water
All campuses

Trial of waterless urinal technologies

Water
Thurgoona


Water
Wagga Wagga


Water
Wagga Wagga



Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
Expected outcomes
 Redirecting recyclable plastics and aluminium
cans from landfill
 Approximately 200 tonnes of waste per year
redirected from landfill
 Redirecting recyclable plastics and aluminium
cans from landfill
 80% reduction in potable water compared to
conventional cooling tower

More effective treatment of wastewater
generated on the campus

500,000 L of potable water savings per year

720,000 L of potable water savings per year

More than 10,000,000 L of potable water saved
per year
Will determine whether University-wide
implementation of technology is feasible

22 | P a g e
3. Wagga Wagga campus analysis
3.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student headcount - 2007
Site area (hectares)
Student residences
Significant plant and/or facilities
109,967
12,230 (3,164 internal; 9,066
distance)
82
(42 actively managed; 40 woodland)
1,262
(50 St Francis College; 92 St Martins
College)
wine & cheese production
facilities
printery
2 irrigated playing fields
swimming pool
gymnasium
glasshouses
irrigated vineyards
The Wagga Wagga campus of Charles Sturt University is divided into the north and south campuses.
The data provided combines energy and water consumption for both campuses.
In 2008, there was a 5.1% reduction in electricity use at Wagga Wagga campus compared with 2006
(Figure 3-1). This figure is a further improvement on the 3.3% reduction achieved in 2007.
An additional 1,700 m2 of GFA was added to the Wagga Wagga Campus in 2008 as a result of the
commissioning of the Vet Science Clinical Building and extensions to the CD Blake Experimental
Winery.
3.2. Electricity audit
Figure 3-1 - Electricity consumption at Wagga Wagga campus for the period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
23 | P a g e
3.3. Gas audit
In 2008, there was 13.6% reduction in the consumption of natural gas at Wagga Wagga campus
compared to 2006 (Figure 3-2). This change represents a 1.7% reduction from 2007.
Figure 3-2 – Natural gas consumption at Wagga Wagga campus for the period 2006 to 2008
3.4. Water audit
In 2008, there was 28.8% reduction in the consumption of potable water at Wagga Wagga campus
compared to 2006 (Figure 3-3). This change represents a further 15.4% reduction from that achieved
in 2007. Wagga Wagga campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water.
The significant water savings at the campus are attributed to the voluntary implementation of level 4
water restrictions on all irrigated areas except playing fields, progressive installation of sub-surface
irrigation where feasible, conversion of an ornamental lake to stormwater make-up, extensive use of
mulch to reduce evaporation from landscaped areas and the implementation of a stormwater
harvesting project to provide water for irrigation and compost-processing requirements.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
24 | P a g e
Figure 3-3 – Mains supplied water consumption at Wagga Wagga campus for the period 2006 to
2008
3.5. Waste audit
In 2008, there was a 36.1% reduction in the cost of waste management at Wagga Wagga campus
compared to 2006 (Figure 3-4). This reduction in charges is primarily attributable to changes in the
way that waste is managed at the site. A compactor is now housed at the site that has the ability to
reduce general waste down by 75 – 80% of its original volume. This process reduces that number of
trips to site that are required from the waste contractor and the embedded energy associated with
transportation of the waste to landfill. Although the actual volumes of various waste streams
produced by the campus were not measured throughout 2008, observations suggest that the
commencement of a closed-loop organics recycling scheme and co-mingled recycling have also
reduced the total volume of general waste going to landfill.
It is noted that the costs presented in this figure do not include labour and blending materials
required for the management of the organics recycling scheme. A detailed analysis of the cost and
benefits associated with the management of the scheme was completed with funding made
available through Riverina Eastern Regional Organisation of Councils . This analysis demonstrated
that the scheme had a net financial benefit in that the treated product from the recycling scheme
could be produced at a lower cost than soil improvers that were previously purchased and imported
on to the campus.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
25 | P a g e
Figure 3-4 - Costs associated with waste management at Wagga Wagga campus for the period
2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
26 | P a g e
4. Bathurst campus analysis
4.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student headcount - 2007
Site area (hectares)
Student residences
Significant plant and/or facilities
74,729
9,367 (2,981 internal; 6,386
distance)
74 (56 actively managed)
1,180
printery
2 irrigated playing fields
gymnasium
centralised low pressure hot
water boilers
4.2. Electricity audit
In 2008, there was 7.7% reduction in the consumption of electricity at Bathurst campus compared to
2006 (Figure 4-1). This change represents a further 2% reduction from 2007.
Figure 4-1 - Electricity consumption at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to 2008
4.3. Gas audit
In 2008, there was 6.7% increase in the consumption of natural gas at Bathurst campus compared to
the previous year (Figure 4-2). Despite this increase, overall natural gas use at Bathurst in 2008
remained 4.8% below that used in the 2006 baseline year.
Factors that may have contributed to the observed increase in natural gas use in 2008 include the
operation of the 4 additional Windradyne Colleges for the full year (commissioned mid-2007) and a
cooler winter in 2008 compared to 2007.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
27 | P a g e
Figure 4-2 - Natural gas consumption at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to 2008
4.4. Water audit
In 2008, there was 50.3% reduction in the consumption of mains supplied water at Bathurst campus
compared to 2006 (Figure 4-3). This change represents a further 26.7% reduction from that achieved
in 2007. Bathurst campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for mains supplied water.
The primary factor for the observed reductions in water use at the Bathurst campus is attributed to
changes in irrigation. The decommissioning of the site’s golf course in 2008 and the elimination of its
associated irrigation requirements is one such change.
Figure 4-3 – Water consumption at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
28 | P a g e
4.5. Waste audit
In 2008, there was a 17.3% increase in the cost of waste management at Bathurst campus (Figure
4-4). The only driver for this increase in costs was associated with sanitary waste. Small savings were
achieved in the areas of general waste and recycling management costs.
Figure 4-4 - Costs associated with waste management at Bathurst campus for the period 2006 to
2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
29 | P a g e
5. Orange campus analysis
5.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student headcount - 2007
Site area (hectares)
Student residences
Significant plant and/or facilities
20,498
605 (325 internal; 493 distance)
49 actively managed
172
1 irrigated playing field
irrigated vineyards
predominantly electric room
heating
5.2. 5.2 Electricity audit
In 2008, there was 13.2% increase in the consumption of electricity at Orange campus compared to
2006 (Figure 5-1). This upwards trend follows from a 6.5% saving achieved in 2007.
There are no obvious reasons for the increase in electricity consumption at this campus. It is likely
that climatic factors and extensive construction activities on site did contribute.
Figure 5-1 – Electricity consumption at Orange campus for the period 2006 to 2008
5.3. Gas audit
In 2008, there was 10.9% increase in the consumption of natural gas at Orange campus compared to
2006 (Figure 5-2). This upwards trend follows from a 3.1% saving achieved in 2007.
There are no obvious reasons for the increase in gas consumption at this campus. As with electricity,
it is likely that climatic factors did contribute.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
30 | P a g e
Figure 5-2 - Natural gas consumption at Orange campus for the period 2006 to 2008
5.4. Water audit
In 2008, there was 53.6% reduction in the consumption of potable water at Orange campus
compared to 2006 (Figure 5-3). This change represents a further 30.6% reduction from that achieved
in 2007. Orange campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water.
It is noted that 2008 experienced substantially higher summer rainfall than 2007 or 2006 which may
have reduced demand on potable water supply for irrigation requirements.
Figure 5-3 - Water consumption at Orange campus for the period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
31 | P a g e
5.5. Waste audit
In 2008, there was a 71.2% increase in the cost of waste management at Orange campus (Figure
5-4). The primary driver for this increase in costs was associated with general waste. Small increases
were also observed in the cost of managing sanitary waste.
Figure 5-4 - Costs associated with waste management at Orange campus for the period 2006 to
2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
32 | P a g e
6. Thurgoona campus analysis
6.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student headcount - 2007
Site area (hectares)
Student residences
Significant plant and/or facilities
a
15,062
3,327a (1,889 internal, 1,338
distance)
90.2
246
grey water treatment ponds
several passive buildings
– This figure also includes Albury student numbers
CSU’s Thurgoona campus is progressively expanding to accommodate staff and students from Albury
campus. By 2010, it is planned that all CSU operations at the Albury campus will be relocated to
Thurgoona.
There is a high level of ecological sustainable design (ESD) incorporated into buildings on the
Thurgoona campus compared to other campuses. These ESD initiatives operate with varying
degrees of success however have provided CSU with many insights into passive building design.
The most recent addition to the Campus, Academic Accommodation Stage 3, was pending a
determination of a 6-Star Green Star As Designed rating at the time of this Scorecard being
developed.
6.2. Electricity audit
In 2008, there was a 12.2% reduction in electricity use at Thurgoona campus compared with 2006
(Figure 6-1). This is an increase on 2007 figures during which 41.2% less electricity was used than in
2006.
Air conditioning equipment in the Gums Café that was not operational throughout 2007 was used
throughout 2008. This factor along with extensive construction activities on site and the
commissioning of Academic Accommodation, Stage 3 in late 2008 would have contributed to the
observed increase in electricity use in 2008.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
33 | P a g e
Figure 6-1 - Electricity consumption at Thurgoona campus for the period 2006 to 2008
6.3. Gas audit
In 2008, there was a 59.5% reduction in electricity use at Thurgoona campus compared with 2006
(Figure 6-2). This is an increase on 2007 figures during which 71.7% less electricity was used than in
2006. A significant boiler on the site was out of operation in 2007 which may have contributed to the
slight increase in 2008.
Figure 6-2 - Natural gas consumption at Thurgoona campus for the period 2006 to 2008
6.4. Water audit
In 2008, there was 48.9% reduction in the consumption of potable water at Thurgoona campus
compared to 2006 (Figure 6-3). This change represents a further 41.7% reduction from that achieved
in 2007. Thurgoona campus has surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
34 | P a g e
Improved utilisation of the rainwater harvesting system at Thurgoona campus in 2008 is considered
the major factor that has contributed to the observed reductions in water use.
Figure 6-3 - Water consumption at Thurgoona campus for the period 2006 to 2008
6.5. Waste audit – Thurgoona & Albury
Consolidated contracts and invoicing are in place for waste management at Thurgoona and Albury
campuses. As a result, the available data for 2008 cannot be separated between the two campuses.
In 2008, there was a 43.8% increase in the cost of waste management at Thurgoona & Albury
campuses (Figure 6-4). The primary driver for this increase in costs was associated with general
waste. Small increases were also observed in the cost of managing recycling.
It is noted that a single service provider supplies bin hire for both general and recyclable waste. This
provides some distortion in the apparent increase to the cost of managing general waste.
Clean-up and relocation activities that have occurred at the Albury City Campus throughout 2008 are
the main likely causes for the increase in waste management costs.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
35 | P a g e
Figure 6-4 - Costs associated with waste management at both Thurgoona and Albury campuses for
the period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
36 | P a g e
7. Albury campus analysis
7.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student headcount - 2007
Student residences
Significant plant and/or facilities
a
11,857
3,327a (1,889
distance)
0
N/A
internal,
1,338
– This figure also includes Thurgoona student numbers
The majority of Albury campus is being relocated to the Thurgoona site via staged development. It is
proposed that most staff and students will be relocated by early 2010.
It is likely that reduced student and staff numbers on the campus have contributed to the observed
reductions in electricity, gas and water consumption at the site.
7.2. Electricity audit
In 2008, there was a 7.9% reduction in electricity use at Albury campus compared with 2006 (Figure
6-1). This represents an additional 3.6% decrease from 2007 figures during which 4.3% less
electricity was used than in 2006.
Figure 7-1 - Electricity consumption at Albury campus for the period 2006 to 2008
7.3. Gas audit
In 2008, there was a 35.4% reduction in natural gas use at Albury campus compared with 2006
(Figure 7-2). This represents an additional 14% decrease from 2007 figures during which 21.3% less
natural gas was used than in 2006.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
37 | P a g e
Figure 7-2 – Natural gas consumption at Albury campus for the period 2006 to 2008
7.4. Water audit
In 2008, there was a 34.9% reduction in water use at Albury campus compared with 2006 (Figure
7-3). This follows from an increase of 10.5% that was observed during 2007 compared to 2006.
Figure 7-3 - Water consumption at Albury campus for the period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
38 | P a g e
8. Dubbo campus analysis
8.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student headcount - 2007
Site area (hectares)
Student residences
Significant plant and/or facilities
5,758
433 (385 internal; 48 distance)
41.4 (11 actively managed)
62
Shower towers providing cooling
to Stage 1 building (scheduled
for decommissioning in 2009)
8.2. Electricity audit
In 2008, there was a 2.3% reduction in electricity use at Dubbo campus compared with 2006 (Figure
8-1). This represents a very small increase of 0.2% over 2007 electricity consumption.
Figure 8-1 – Electricity consumption at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to 2008
8.3. Gas audit
In 2008, there was an 8.1% increase in natural gas use at Dubbo campus compared with 2006 (Figure
8-2). This follows from a decrease of 20% in 2007 compared to 2006.
There are no obvious reasons for the increase in gas consumption at this campus. It is likely that
climatic factors did contribute.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
39 | P a g e
Figure 8-2 – Natural gas consumption at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to 2008
8.4. Water audit
In 2008, there was a 46.5% reduction in water use at Dubbo campus compared with 2006 (Figure
8-3). This is an additional decrease of 3.9% compared to that achieved in 2007. Dubbo campus has
surpassed its 25% reduction target for potable water.
Figure 8-3 - Water consumption at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to 2008
8.5. Waste audit
In 2008, there was an 8.5% increase in the cost of waste management at Dubbo campus compared
to 2006 (Figure 8-4). The primary driver for this increase in costs was associated with liquid waste
management. There was a peak in waste management costs in 2007 where increases to both
general waste and sanitary waste resulted in a 38.4% increase compared with 2006.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
40 | P a g e
Figure 8-4 - Costs associated with waste management at Dubbo campus for the period 2006 to
2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
41 | P a g e
9. Canberra campus analysis
9.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student headcount - 2007
Site area (hectares)
Student residences
Significant plant and/or facilities
871
356 (41 internal; 315 distance)
3.4
0
High-quality landscaped gardens
9.2. Electricity audit
In 2008, there was a 61.2% increase in electricity use at Canberra campus compared with 2006
(Figure 9-1). This also represents a significant increase of 28.1% on 2007 figures.
The observed increase in electricity consumption at the Canberra campus is attributed to the
commissioning of the Academic House building comprising approximately 770 m2 of GFA. The new
building has been constructed with energy efficiency principles and it is anticipated that these
efficiencies will be realised as staff continue to relocate into the new building from older facilities.
Figure 9-1 - Electricity consumption at Canberra campus for the period 2006 to 2008
9.3. Gas audit
In 2008, there was a 3.6% increase in natural gas consumption at Canberra campus compared with
2006 (Figure 9-2). This is a significant step down from 2007 when natural gas use was 33.9% greater
than in 2007.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
42 | P a g e
Figure 9-2 – Natural gas consumption at Canberra campus for the period 2006 to 2008
9.4. Water audit
In 2008, there was a problem with the revenue meter associated with the Canberra campus resulting
in no water use being measured. Consumption at the site has been assumed to remain at 2007 levels
in 2008.
Figure 9-3 - Water consumption at Canberra campus for the period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
43 | P a g e
10. Broken Hill campus analysis
10.1. Campus information
Total building gross floor area (m2)
Student residences
Site area (hectares)
Significant plant and/or facilities
5,041
0
1
Large proportion of building area
leased to tenant
10.2. Electricity audit
No electricity consumption data was available for Broken Hill campus in 2006. An assumption has
been made that 2006 consumption was consistent with 2007. A 216% increase in electricity use was
observed in 2008 compared to 2007 (Figure 10-1).
The significant increase in electricity use in 2008 is attributed to the leasing of a significant area of
the facility to an external tenant. Refrigerative air conditioning equipment was installed to service
the newly tenanted space. The previous tenants in the facility were separately metered for their
electricity use.
Figure 10-1 - Electricity consumption at Broken Hill campus for the period 2006 to 2008
It is noted that the Broken Hill campus is not connected to a natural gas supply.
10.3. Water audit
In 2008, there was a 37.6% reduction in water use at the Broken Hill campus compared to 2006
(Figure 10-2). The observed reduction in water use is attributed to the fact that a tenanted area of
the facility was previously occupied by a nursing home facility which has since been converted to
office and teaching space. The new use for this area of the building has a significantly lower water
demand.
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
44 | P a g e
Figure 10-2 - Water consumption at Broken Hill campus for the period 2006 to 2008
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
45 | P a g e
11. TEFMA Benchmarking
The Tertiary Education Facilities Management Association (TEFMA) each year undertakes a
benchmarking exercise of University facilities. In 2007, energy was considered in detail and CSU
performance can be tracked against all other institutions and the sector mean for a range of
parameters. Data from TEFMA’s 2008 benchmarking survey was not available at the time that
this Scorecard was developed.
This comparison is based on the gross floor area of core university buildings and therefore
excludes residences and enterprises.
Figure 11-1 shows normalised energy use (GJ/m2), for all of CSU’s core facilities against the mean
value calculated for all Australian universities. CSU consistently rates above the mean figure,
however recent trends have shown the difference to be closing.
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
AU MEAN
0.72
0.54
0.54
0.67
0.64
0.63
0.69
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.73
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.72
CSU ALL
0.87
1.01
0.89
0.85
0.94
0.95
0.93
0.92
0.82
1.16
1.22
0.85
0.83
0.81
2
Figure 11-1 - Normalised energy use (GJ/m ) for all core CSU facilities against the mean for all
Australian universities
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
46 | P a g e
Figure 11-2 shows normalised water use (kL/m2), for all of CSU’s core facilities against the mean
value calculated for all Australian universities. CSU consistently rates significantly above the
mean figure. CSU’s normalised figure will drop significantly for 2008 data as a result of the
reductions in water consumption that have been achieved at most campuses.
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
AU MEAN
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
0.9
0.8
CSU ALL
1.5
2.1
2
3.2
3
3
3.2
3.1
1.8
3.3
2.7
2.9
2.6
Figure 11-2 - Normalised water use (kL/m ) for all core CSU facilities against the mean for all
Australian universities
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
47 | P a g e
12. Referenced published documents
Australian Bureau of Statistics (1996), viewed Feb 2009,
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/b7f52642c92ff11
cca2570ec0073f6a7!OpenDocument
Australian Government, Department of Climate Change (2008), viewed Feb 2009,
http://www.climatechange.gov.au/workbook/pubs/workbook-feb2008.pdf
Australian Greenhouse Office (2007), viewed Feb 2009,
http://www.climatechange.gov.au/inventory/2005/pubs/trends2005.pdf
NEMMCO (2008), viewed Feb 2009,
http://www.nemmco.com.au/data/avg_price/averageprice_main.shtm
Riverina Eastern Regional Organisation of Councils (2008) Charles Sturt University Closed-loop
Recycling System
Ross, D. (2007), viewed Feb 2009,
http://www.carbonplanet.com/downloads/ghg_emission_factors_for_flights.pdf
Sydney Water (2008), viewed Feb 2009,
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/SavingWater/InYourHome/WaterEfficientTargets/HouseholdTarge
ts.cfm
TEFMA (2008) 2007 Benchmark Report – Institutional Edition
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
48 | P a g e
13. Appendix A - Conversion factors
Fuel / Energy
Air travel – long
haul
Air travel –
medium haul
Air travel –
short haul
Coal
Diesel
Electricity
LPG
Natural gas
Unleaded fuel
UnitFuel
1 prsn /
km
1 prsn /
km
1 prsn /
km
1 GJ
1 GJ
1 kWh
1 GJ
1 GJ
1 GJ
kg CO2-e Source
0.32
GHG Emissions resulting from aircraft travel (Jun 07),
Ross, D
0.3
GHG Emissions resulting from aircraft travel (Jun 07),
Ross, D
0.45
GHG Emissions resulting from aircraft travel (Jun 07),
Ross, D
88.43
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
69.9
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
0.89
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
0.0393
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
51.33
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
69.6
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
Fuel / Energy
Coal
Diesel
LPG
Unleaded fuel
UnitFuel
1 tonne
1 kL
1 m3
1 kL
GJ
27
38.6
57
34.2
Source
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
National Greenhouse Account Factors (Nov 08), DEC
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
49 | P a g e
14. Appendix B – Abbreviations & units used
CO2
DFM
GFA
GHG
GJ
IDP
kg/CO2-e
kJ
kL
kWh
LPG
m2
MJ
UFA
carbon dioxide
Division of Facilities Management
gross floor area
greenhouse gas
gigajoules
Institutional Development Plan
kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent
kilojoules
kilolitres
kilowatt hours
liquid petroleum gas
square metres
megajoules
useable floor area
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
50 | P a g e
15. Appendix C – Worksheets
Division of Facilities Management, 2008 Environmental Scorecard
51 | P a g e
Electricity Data (All consumption units shown in kWh)
2006
2007
2008
Wagga Wagga
12808172
12381786
12153297
2006
2007
2008
$1,131,187
$1,181,730
$1,331,488
Bathurst
Orange
Albury
Thurgoona
915437
877775
845842
1095008
643906
961484
388592
378713
379544
29837
39704
48108
63306
63306
200129
$869,331
$872,142
$881,137
$176,030
$160,039
$214,900
$118,115
$138,153
$159,492
$134,121
$163,858
$210,979
$52,594
$43,900
$44,458
$2,521
$4,566
$7,933
$9,493
$9,493
$29,044
$90,586
$100,409
$107,884
$11,927
$11,098
$11,906
Bathurst Breakdown
Total
2015 Target
2006
7605501
5704126
2007
7173519
5704126
2008
7019706
5704126
‐5.7%
‐7.7%
2006
2007
2008
$1,131,187
$1,181,730
$1,331,488
2006
2007
2008
$468
$559
$705
CSU Total 2015 % Change
Target
24401239 18300929
‐5.92%
22956172 18253450
‐4.51%
23300543 18253450
$2,483,899
$2,564,389
$2,850,387
GJ Conversion
Total
12808172
12381786
12153297
2015 Target
9606129
9606129
9606129
% Change
42313.8
40769.8
40248.8
‐3.3%
‐5.1%
$7,833 $1,242,001
$9,439 $1,303,235
$5,973 $1,457,956
587 David St 591 David St 595 David St 466 Wilson 470 Wilson 1/476 476 Wilson 478 Wilson St 480 492 2/601 Mackie
Ferhurst
Visual Arts St Co‐op
St Drysdale Wilson St St Irvington
Wilson St Wilson St Olive St 461738
422608
$66,817
$75,195
13887
838
$2,522
$514
12922
7936
$1,933
$1,027
31107
22664
$5,373
$4,399
22499
11581
$3,549
$2,661
$43
$144
$37,341
$50,861
$19,176
$22,116
$69,387
$88,751
$4,696
$3,667
Orange Breakdown
Minor Accounts
Total 2015 Target % Change
2006
2007
2008
1495386
1397463
1507216
185217
1495386
1397463
1692433
2006
2007
2008
$176,030
$160,039
$182,141
$32,760
$176,030
$160,039
$214,900
Dubbo Breakdown
Total
2015 Target % Change
2006
388592
291444
2007
378713
291444
‐2.5%
2008
379544
291444
‐2.3%
2006
2007
2008
$52,594
$43,900
$44,458
Canberra Breakdown
Total
2015 Target % Change
2006
29837
22378
2007
39704
22378
33.1%
2008
48108
22378
61.2%
2006
2007
2008
$2,521
$4,566
$7,933
Broken Hill Breakdown
Total
2015 Target % Change
2006
63306
47480
2007
63306
47480
0.0%
2008
200129
47480
216.1%
2006
2007
2008
608 Olive 610 Olive 616 Olive 616 Olive 618 Olive 624 Olive 626 Olive 630 Olive St St Cedar St Student St Wilcara St Mudge St Avon St
St Flood A
3609
1467
$593
$494
71980
72150
$12,106
$13,379
9330
9170
$1,404
$1,921
6350
5440
$1,261
$1,245
Thurgoona Breakdown
Ellis St St Johns Rd 1st Floor 613 Ellis Level 4 Ellis Leahy Ave MSE Elizabeth Thurgoona Pump House Teaching Ellis Gordon St Ecology Murray Mitchell Streetlights
Complex
Beavan
Lab
Sch of Ed Drv 2006
2007
0
222128
27699
158587
26804
20322
27802
160564
0
2008
0 274489.63
75930
372076
18721
18362
42035
159870
0
2006
2007
2008
3.24%
14.75%
$869,331
$872,142
$881,137
Albury Breakdown
Guinea St 2006
2007
2008
Canberra Broken Hill
1495386
1397463
1692433
Wagga Wagga Breakdown
North South Sth Camp Sth Camp Minor Campus
Campus
Caravan Prk Tennis Crts Accounts
2006
11753829
889242
110370
4387
50344
2007
11324936
905671
95390
2318
53471
2008
11180229
842298
94860
2780
33130
2006
2007
2008
Dubbo
7605501
7173519
7019706
9493.15
9493.15
29043.59
1121540
1121540
1121540
‐6.5%
13.2%
$3,595
$3,873
$5,514
$8,859
$21,152
$26,727
9553
10952
$1,803
$2,262
5627
3601
$1,141
$909
Total 2015 Target
1095008
643906
961484
$134,121
$2,955 $163,858
$5,980 $210,979
821256
821256
821256
0
0
$0
$0
% Change
‐41.2%
‐12.2%
‐22.2%
‐28.8%
6810
8806
$1,342
$1,863
67804
73277
$11,316
$13,490
27084
70651
$4,813
$14,642
12138
10928
$2,224
$2,247
33395
27356
$5,797
$5,338
22596
23026
$3,942
$4,437
16026
17731
$2,867
$3,483
Total 2015 Target
43320
45660
915437
877775
845842
$7,349
$9,984
$118,115
$138,153
$159,492
686578
686578
686578
% Change
‐4.3%
‐7.9%
Gas Data (All consumption units shown in MJ)
Wagga Wagga
Bathurst
Orange
Albury 2006 55603045 45400976
2007 48983842 40176486
2008 48036326 43240725
1670742
1618551
1853154
5008355
3939147
3233682
5071824
2954046
3314990
1682387
1345427
1817860
126938 114564267 85923200
170000 99187499 85923200
131569 101628306 85923200
2006 $442,589 $315,458
2007 $403,199 $310,794
2008 $407,021 $425,419
$26,880
$21,806
$26,396
$49,318
$43,385
$40,912
$42,761
$30,067
$33,720
$21,093
$17,723
$26,320
$1,650
$2,211
$4,263
Wagga Wagga Breakdown
North South Campus Campus
Thurgoona
Dubbo
Canberra
CSU Total
2015 Target
$899,749
$829,184
$964,052
% Change
‐13.4%
‐11.3%
‐7.8%
7.1%
GJ Conversion
2 College 4 College Ave
Ave
2006 50130090
2007 43595692
2008 42109226
5242815
5087930
5628009
0
0
0
2006 $386,349
2007 $346,552
2008 $344,042
$53,391
$53,186
$60,393
$0
$0
$0
Bathurst Breakdown
Total
2015 Target
2006 45400976 34050732
2007 40176486 34050732
2008 43240725 34050732
‐11.5%
‐4.8%
22 Playhouse
Total 2015 % Change
Charleville Target
Rd
35449
86665
108027 55603045 41702284
57555
57430 185235.5 48983842 41702284
‐11.9%
17393
12669 269028.1 48036326 41702284
‐13.6%
$546
$822
$415
$1,085
$829
$349
$1,218 $442,589
$1,810 $403,199
$1,822 $407,021
50130.09
43595.69
42109.23
8.9%
8.0%
2006 $315,458
2007 $310,794
2008 $425,419
Albury Breakdown
493 587 David 591 David 470 Wilson 476 Wilson 478 480 492 Wilson 608 Olive 618 Olive 624 Olive 630 Olive 640 Olive 502 Dean
Guinea
Wilson
Wilson
2006
2007
375211
26441
39
24220
2545076
106548
31449
91245
130428
153148
188627
245745
20970
0
2008
576763
0
0
0
1454645
116395
38601
78720
185303
196443
237030
302621
47161
0
2006
2007
2008
$4,557
$6,940
$408
$129
$152
$155
$456
$155
$24,371
$16,623
$1,496
$1,880
Thurgoona Breakdown
Total 2015 Target
615 Leahy Ellis St
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
Bromfield
334870
145011
5071824
2954046
3314990
$24,684
$30,151
$4,102
$2,020
$42,761
$30,067
$33,720
2015 Total
Target
1670742 1253057
1618551 1253057
1853154 1253057
‐3.1%
10.9%
91870
107181
$1,281
$1,548
2527306
3062798
Orange Breakdown
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
$26,880
$21,806
$26,396
Dubbo Breakdown
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2015 Total
Target
1682387 1261790
1345427 1261790
1817860 1261790
‐20.0%
8.1%
$21,093
$17,723
$26,320
Canberra Breakdown
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2015 Total
Target
126938
95204
170000
95204
131569
95204
$1,650
$2,211
$4,263
33.9%
3.6%
3803868
2215535
2486243
‐71.7%
‐59.5%
$547
$715
$1,196
$1,146
$1,655
$2,377
$2,087
$2,711
$2,531
$3,236
$3,245
$4,076
$686
$769
$0
$0
Total 2015 Target
3756266
3756266
3756266
5008355
3939147
3233682
$49,318
$43,385
$40,912
‐21.3%
‐35.4%
Water Data (All consumption units shown in kL)
Wagga Wagga
2006
2007
2008
Bathurst
444912
337667
298607
Orange
Albury
Thurgoona
Dubbo
Canberra
216185
161473
104907
49119
37826
22815
11472
12682
7467
9628
8930
4924
13183
7563
7048
1947
1843
1843
2006 $315,483 $153,799
2007 $246,893 $134,813
2008 $227,979 $88,622
$73,225
$57,908
$47,358
$12,676
$30,521
$25,989
$8,940
$13,321
$13,075
$20,379
$30,259
$36,482
$3,174
$5,097
$2,702
Wagga Wagga Breakdown
North South Ag Ave
Playhouse
Campus Campus
2006
402304
28495
12676
1437
2007
311438
15545
9475
1209
2008
275702
12490
9357
1058
444912
337667
298607
2006 $284,963
2007 $227,305
2008 $210,230
$20,274
$11,507
$9,645
$9,109
$7,075
$7,196
$1,137
$1,006
$908
$1,762
$2,044
$2,068
$4,656
$4,845
$5,495
2065
1485
1289
CSU Total
2011 Target
748511
569469
448900
561383
561383
561383
$3,025 $590,701
$2,340 $521,151
$2,230 $444,437
‐11.8%
‐24.8%
% Change
‐23.9%
‐40.0%
Total 2011 % Change
Target
333684
333684
‐24.1%
333684
‐32.9%
$315,483
$246,893
$227,979
Bathurst Breakdown
Main Hargrave 2011 Target
Campus House
M.T.G.
Total
2006
208974
2300
4911
216185
162139
2007
153294
2523
5656
161473
162139
2008
97275
2137
5495
104907
162139
2006 $147,382
2007 $127,924
2008 $81,059
Broken Hill
‐21.7%
‐27.7%
‐25.3%
‐51.5%
$153,799
$134,813
$88,622
Albury Breakdown
492 480 478 466 Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
476 Wilson 472 Wilson Wilson
644 Olive
640 Olive 630 Olive 626 Olive 624 Olive 614 Olive 610 Olive 608 Olive 604 Olive 595 David 591 David 587 David Guinea St 502 Dean
2006
225
3792
48
15
2
156
700
11
366
53
139
67
2270
114
0
303
23
118
2814
256
2007
238
3615
55
14
1
255
648
14
239
62
129
36
3342
284
0
382
43
163
2903
259
2008
65
673
45
22
0
74
739
18
166
35
195
43
2383
313
0
270
42
42
2122
220
2006
2007
2008
596.15
536.06
6450.91
2314.41
311.87
326.43
233.08
279.8
140.59
236.3
713.44
382.9
2080.9
2795.77
556.19
610.79
586.69
587.5
481.5
520.86
889.54
1080.15
Total 2011 Target
7221
7221
7221
‐7.2%
‐48.9%
Thurgoona Breakdown
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
386 Eliz Lot 619 Lot 701 Lot 601 Thurgoona Lot 613 Lot 614 Bromfield Table Top Drv
Bromfield
Mitch
Leahy
Lot 615 Leahy Bromfield
2107
2462
0
1814
154
792
0
2299
2545
1935
$5,414
$2,618
2643
259
0
0
$1,032
$1,465
$207
$216
2011 Total
Target
49119
36839
37826
36839
22815
36839
‐23.0%
‐53.6%
Orange Breakdown
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
$73,225
$57,908
$47,358
Dubbo Breakdown
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2011 Target
Total
13183
9887
7563
9887
7048
9887
‐42.6%
‐46.5%
$20,379
$30,259
$36,482
Canberra Breakdown
Total
2006
2007
2008
1947
1843
1843
2006
2007
2008
$3,174
$5,097
$2,702
2011 Target
% Change
1460
1460
‐5.3%
1460
‐5.3%
Broken Hill Breakdown
2011 Target
Total
% Change
2006
2065
1549
2007
1485
1549
‐28.1%
2008
1289
1549
‐37.6%
2006
2007
2008
3025.1
2339.6
2229 5
2734
1717
$5,559
$5,212
582
736
$366
$734
0
0
$207
$216
217
21
‐$475
$1,211
209
256
9628
8930
4924
$1,010
$1,403
$8,940
$13,321
$13,075
274.91
321.76
7622.8
7393.73
773.66
883.38
207.23
216.19
1374.65
1194.76
289.5
320.73
515.24
319.15
5664.6
4990.41
757.19
678.17
Total 2011 Target
% Change
8604
8604
10.5%
8604
‐34.9%
11472
12682
7467
$12,676
$30,521
$25,989
Waste Data (all figures shown as $)
2006
2007
2008
Wagga Bathurst Orange
Wagga
111405 21713.8 8967.64
99495 26406.79 12987.23
61726 25476.26 15353.18
Wagga Breakdown
General Waste
2006 48911.43
2007 44427.84
2008 17634.6
Recycling Liquid Waste
38157.29
430
33038.65
28790.62
800
Alb / Thurgoona
Thurg
30748
31131
44228
Dubbo
Canberra CSU Total
5593.66
7739.97
6070.26
Sanitary Compost
Bulk Total
Waste
Dumping
23694.1
211.72 111404.5
21816.19
212.3 99494.98
12394.76
1547.95
557.85 61725.78
178427
177760
152853
‐10.7%
‐44.6%
Bathurst Breakdown
General Recycling Liquid Waste
Waste
2006
9652.6
3623.7
2007 11716.71 4077.62
2008 7719.16 2921.34
Sanitary Compost
Waste
8437.5
10612.46
14835.76
Bulk Total
Dumping
21713.8
26406.79
25476.26
21.6%
17.3%
Albury Breakdown
General Recycling Liquid Waste
Waste
2006 23802.22
327.75
2007 20498.84 3352.78
2008 35155.32
2434.5
Sanitary Compost
Waste
6617.78
7279.56
6637.94
Bulk Total
Dumping
30747.75
31131.18
44227.76
1.2%
43.8%
Orange Breakdown
General Recycling Liquid Waste
Waste
2006 7934.74
2007 11653.85
2008 13178.12
Sanitary Compost
Waste
1032.9
1333.38
2175.06
Bulk Total
Dumping
8967.64
12987.23
15353.18
44.8%
71.2%
Dubbo Breakdown
General Recycling Liquid Sanitary Compost
Waste
Waste
Waste
2006 4624.25
969.41
2007 6031.52
1708.45
2008 4654.03
435.08
981.15
Bulk Total
Dumping
5593.66
7739.97
6070.26
38.4%
8.5%
All Campuses Breakdown
General Recycling Liquid Sanitary Compost
Bulk Waste
Waste
Waste
Dumping
2006 94925.24 42108.74
430 40751.69
0
211.72 178427.4
2007 94328.76 40469.05
0 42750.04
0
212.3 177760.2
2008 78341.23 34146.46 1235.08 37024.67
1547.95
557.85 152853.2
All Campuses Breakdown (%)
General Recycling Liquid Sanitary Compost
Bulk Waste
Waste
Waste
Dumping
2006
53.2%
23.6%
0.2%
22.8%
0.0%
0.1%
2007
53.1%
22.8%
0.0%
24.0%
0.0%
0.1%
2008
51.3%
22.3%
0.8%
24.2%
1.0%
0.4%
‐0.4%
‐14.3%
Normalised figures (all areas shown as gross floor area ‐ m2)
Electricity (kWh / m2)
Wagga Bathurst
Wagga
74226
2006 Area
106978
74729
2007 Area
108028
2008 Area
74729
109967
2006
119.7
102.5
2007
114.6
96.0
2008
110.5
93.9
Orange
20498
20498
20498
73.0
68.2
82.6
Albury
13702
13702
11857
66.8
64.1
71.3
Thurgoona
14182
14182
15062
77.2
45.4
63.8
Dubbo
5758
5758
5758
67.5
65.8
65.9
Canberra Broken Hill CSU Total
871
871
1648
34.3
45.6
29.2
5041 241254.5
5041 237766.3
5041 239517.3
12.6
101.9
12.6
95.8
39.7
97.3
Gas (MJ / m2)
2006
2007
2008
Wagga Bathurst
Wagga
519.8
611.7
453.4
537.6
436.8
578.6
Water (kL / m2)
Wagga Bathurst
Wagga
2006
4.2
2.9
2007
3.1
2.2
2008
2.7
1.4
Orange
81.5
79.0
90.4
Orange
2.4
1.8
1.1
Albury
365.5
287.5
272.7
Albury
0.8
0.9
0.6
Thurgoona
357.6
208.3
220.1
Thurgoona
0.7
0.6
0.3
Dubbo
292.2
233.7
315.7
Dubbo
2.3
1.3
1.2
Canberra
145.7
195.2
79.8
CSU Av
474.9
417.2
424.3
Canberra Broken Hill
2.2
2.1
1.1
0.4
0.3
0.3
CO2 (tonnes CO2‐e / m2)
2006
2007
2008
Wagga Bathurst
Wagga
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.11
0.12
0.11
Orange
Wagga Bathurst
Wagga
1.04
0.29
0.92
0.35
0.65
0.34
Orange
0.07
0.06
0.08
Albury
0.08
0.07
0.08
Thurgoona
0.09
0.05
0.07
Dubbo
0.08
0.07
0.07
Canberra
0.04
0.05
0.03
CSU Av
0.09
0.08
0.08
Waste ($ / m2)
2006
2007
2008
0.44
0.63
0.75
Alb/Thurg Thurgoona
2.24
2.27
3.73
N/A
N/A
N/A
Dubbo
0.97
1.34
1.05
Canberra
0.00
0.00
0.00
CSU Av
0.83
0.92
1.09
CSU Av
3.1
2.4
1.9
Fuel use & vehicle travel
Assumed Assumed Assumed ULP (L)
Diesel (L) LPG (L)
Fuel used by CSU Total kms travelled by kms travelled by CSU kms travelled by CSU vehicles on business CSU vehicles
vehicles on private use vehicles on business
(L)
2006
600000
6000000
1500000
4500000
2007
580000
5500000
1500000
4000000
2008
664000
6300000
1360000
4940000
600000
664,000
‐8.3%
5.0%
5000000
580 000
580,000
Kilometres
500000
Litres
‐3.3%
10.7%
% break‐
down
6000000
600,000
400000
300000
200000
4000000
0
0
2008
4,000,000
2006
2007
2000000
1000000
2007
4,940,000
4,500,000
3000000
100000
2006
km % change
CSU ‐ kms travelled by vehicles on business
CSU ‐ Fuel used by vehicles on business
700000
Fuel % change
2008
67%
30%
3%
402000
388600
444880
180000
174000
199200
18000
17400
19920