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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an
agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States
Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees,
makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal
liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process
disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately
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00E/IO/12079-57
ESl-70
DOE/ID/12079--57
DE82 019935
LITHOLOGIC
INTERPRETATION OF THE pE ~BRAGA #2 AND ~.
RICHARD~
WEISHAUPT #1
.
.
/
GEOTHERMAl WELLS, STILLWATER PROJECT, CHURCHILL COUNTY, NEVADA
~
~
~
~
by
Bruce S. Sibbett
and
Robert E. Blackett
February, 1982
Earth Science Laboratory
University of Utah Research Institute
420 Chipeta Way, Suite 120
Salt Lake City, UT 84108.
Prepared for the
Department of Energy
. D1v1s1on of Geothermal Energy
A"f'" BOTICE'
/.
,
DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMEHT IS UNLIMITED
NOTICE
This report was prepared to document work sponsored by the United States
Governnent. Neither the United States nor its agent, the United States
Department of Energy, nor any Federal employees, nor any of their contractors,
subcontractorS or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or
assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness,
or usefulness of any infonnation, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
NOTICE
Reference to a company or product name does not imply approval or
recommendation of the product by the University of Utah Research Institute or
the U.S. Department of Energy to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I NTRODUCTIO"N ••••• ...................................................... •• 1
GEOLOGy •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1
Regional Setting ••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••••• 1
Geothermal System ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3
SUBSURFACE STUDIES._ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3
CONCLUSIONS •••••••••••••••• ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••• 7
REFERENCES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9
APPENDIX ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Lithologic Log of Union Oil Company Well De Braga #2
Lithologic Log of Union Oil Company Well Richard Weishaupt II
ILLUSTRATION
Figure 1.
Index Map of Churchill County, Nevada •••••••••••••••••••• 2
Figure 2.
Location of Geothermal Wells in the Stillwater Area •••••• 4
Plate 1.
Correlation of Bedded Units in the
Stillwater Area •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ln Pocket
Plate 2.
Composite Log of the De Braga 12 Geothermal We1l.ln Pocket
INTRODUCTION
The De Braga #2 and Richard Weishaupt
'1 geothermal test wells were
drilled by Union Oil Company, Geothermal Division, between 1979 and 1981 as
part of the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Geothermal Energy Industry
Coupled Program.
They are in the Stillwater area. located on the southeast side of the
Carson Desert in Churchill County, Nevada (Figure 1).
Hot water was first
discovered in the area in 1919 (Garside and Schilling, 1979).
There are no
known surface manifestations of geothermal activity in the 1mmediatevicin1ty,
however, basaltic cinder cones at Soda Lake, a few miles to the west, are the
result of phreatic explosions duri ng the Quaternary (Sibbett, 1979).
GEOLOGY
Regional Setting
The Carson Desert is a large sediment-filled graben in the western Basin
and Range physiographic province.
During the Quaternary, the basin was filled
with lacustrine, alluvial and fluvial deposits.
The present surface consists
of lake Lahontan and recent sediments (Morrison. 1964).
The Stillwater Range,
on the "east side of the bas;n, is canposed of Quaternary and Tertiary volcanic
rocks and Mesoloic sedimentary and igneous rocks (Page, 1965). Anorthnortheast-trend; ng normal fault or faults form the boundarY between the range
and the basin.
The bloclc faulting, which has been active since late Tertiary
time, is still active as evidenced by earthquakes in 1954
(Morrison~
1964).
Ground breakage and minor ,offset occurred in the Stillwater area along a N 12°
E trend' during the 1954 earthquakes.
1
Elko
o
CHURCHILL
r-- "!COUNTY
(i
_f
Q~
____~~__~__2~p______~W~S
Ely
0
EXPLANATION
- - - Bard mac, coodl
.
~ CallOJ2
Delert
.~
~- JioDJ2talJ2
SaJ2g91
FIGURE 1
INDEX MAP OF CHURCHILL ·COUNTY, NEVADA
Geothermal System
Geothermal occurrences have been known throughout the southern Carson .
Desert since the early 1900s. In recent years, several geothermal wells have·
been drilled in the Stillwater area (Figure 2). In 1964, O'Neill Geothermal ,
Inc. drilled the Reynolds No.· 1 well to a depth of 1,291 m (4,237 feet)w1th a
maximum recorded temperature of 136°C (277°F) (Garside and Schilling, 1979, p.
17). Union Oil Company drl1 led three wells to about 1220 m (4,000 feet)
during 1976 and 1977.
SUBSURFACE STUDIES
The detailed lithologic logs of the De Braga #2 and Richard Weishaupt #1
wells are included in the Appendix to this .report. Generalized descriptions
of rock types penetrated in the subsurface and tentative stratigraphic
correlations for the De Braga #2 and Richard Weishaupt #1 wells are shown on
Plate 1, and their locations are shown on Figure 2.
Depths and thicknesses of stratigraphic units reported here refer to
probe depths and do not represent actual bed depths and thicknesses due to
hole drift and devi ation. .TheRichard Weishaupt II well was intentionally
dev1ate'dbelow 905 m (2970 ft)tointersect a target located approximately 730
m (2400 ft) due west and 2900 m (9500 ft) vertically downward from the
. dr111site.
Overall, both wells appear to penetrate nearly identical strat1graphic
units. The wells are collared in alluvium and penetrate over 1128 m(3700ft) .
in De Braga #2 and over 1158 m (3800 ft) in Richard Weishaupt #1 of
unconsolidated and semi-consolldatedrecent lacustrine sediments and
Pleistocene tuffaceous sediments of Lake Lahonton and pre-Lake Lahonton age
3
R.30E.
R. 31 E.
. : ;"if-·-
BASE TAKEN FROM USGS lS·QUADRANGLES MAPS;
STILLWATER. NEY..1950 AND CARSON LAKE 1951.
U
FIGURE 2
LOCATION OF GEOTHERMAL WELLS IN THE
SCALE 1:62.000
.
STILLWATE~·
AREA
(Union
\.J
on
Company, 1979 and 1981a).
Fossil shell fragments are localized in
certain stratigraphic horizons while ostracods appear throughout the
sedimentary section.
Fragments of coal and lignite may represent either
bedded units in the sediments or additions of "lost circulation" materhl.
The sediments are either unconsolidated or poorly cemented with calcite and
contain locally strong pyrite.
Underlying the upper unconsolidated sediments and contained within the
lacustrine section is a basic to intermediate hypabyssal intrusion.
The
intrusion is considered to bea sill based upon the depth of intersection (at
732 m and 823 m in De Braga and Weishaupt respectively), thickness (122 to 229
m), apparent lateral extent, and the occurrence of pyrite andarglllic
alteration slightly above and below the unit that would indicate baking and
hydrothermal activity.
The ·-interval between the base of the intrusion and the top of the Bunejug
Formation, 853 to 1128 m (2800 to 3700 ft) in De Braga #2 and 1052 to 1158 m
(3450 to 3800 ft) in Weishaupt II, appears to be
claystone and basic igneous rock.
interl~ered
tuffaceous
Geophysical logs suggest several
interlayered units of contrasting character.
An intrusive or extrusive nature
of the igneous rock was not determinable from cutting samples for this ..
interval.
Below a depth of approximately 1128 m (3700 ft) in both the De Braga 12
and Richard Wehhaupt II wells is a thick sequence of basalt
andbas~lti~
andesite f1 ows and mi nor intercal ated mudstone that is fnterpret~as the
.' Bunejug Formation.
The upper part of thi s unit i scharacierized by amygdul ar
basaltic to andesitic lava' flows havi ng pl agioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts
U
in an aphanitic matrix and vesicles filled with calcite, secondary clay
5
minerals, zeolite, and celadonite. Hematite is pervasive in the basalt flows.
Felsic tuffs and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks were encountered below
2~43
m (8015 ft) and are assigned to the Truckee Fonnation (Morrison, 1964).
These.rocks interfinger with the basalt flows of the Bunejug Formation for a
vertical distance of approximately 244 m (800 feet).
Various geophysical and mechanical logs were run in both wells (Union Oil
Company, 1979 and 1981a). Logs of the De Braga #2 well were digitized for use
with the computer software systemWELLOG (Atwood et al. t 1980). Plate 2 shows
a log composite obtained
us~ng
the WELLOG program having temperature, caliper,
resistivity, neutron porosity, density porosity, spontaneous potential and
gamma ray logs. Rock types are broadly divisible into four categories, each
exhibiting different geophysical responses. Pleistocene unconsolidated and
semi-consolidated sediments present to depths of approximately 1158 m (3800
ft) in each hole have high natural gamma radioactivity, low density, low
resistivity, and high porosity. Basaltic intrusive rocks occurring .at shallow
depths (1038 m) in both wells are characterized by low natural gamma
radioactivity, high density t high resistivity • and low porosity.· Basalt and
basaltic andesite flows of the Bunejug Formation have low natural gamma
radioactivity and moderate to low resistivity While displaying a somewhat
.
erratii nature on the porosity and density logs. Felsic volcanic rocks
encountered below 2443 m(8015 ft)in the Weishaupt well have distinctly
higher natural gamma, lower resistivity, and higher porosity than overlying
formations.
Temperature profiles of both wells show relatively high near-surface
. gradients of about 300°C/lc.m in unconsolidated valley sediments to an
U . approximate depth of 396 m (1300 ft). Temperature reversals occur between 427
6
and 457 m (1400 and 1500 ft) and negative gradients to nearly isothermal
.\.j
conditions exist to approximately 1219 m(4000 ft).
The·lower portions of
both wells below 1219 m have positive gradients of 7.2° - 29°C/km. The
maximum re~orded temperatures in the De Braga and Weishaupt wells were 169°C'
and 178°C respectively (Union
on
Company. 1981b. p. 17).
CONCLUSIONS
L1thologies penetrated throughout the upper 732 to 838 m (2400 to 2750
ftl wi thi n the St ill water prospect area are terri genous sedi ments of
Pleistocene to Recent age.
A sill of dacite to andesite composition with a
. thickness variable between 122 to 208 m (400 to 680 ft)1s present below the
terrigenous sediments.
Between the base of the sill and the top of the
Bunejug Formation are intercalated volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
All
fonnations overlyi ng the BunejugFormation are probably of Pleistocene age.
The basalt and basaltic-andesite flows and ash below a depth of
approximately 1128 m (3700 ft) are herein aSSigned to the Bunejug Fo"rmation
(Morrison, 1964) of Pliocene and possibly early Pleistocene age.
The Bunejug
Formation is a thick sequence of basalt to andesite flows and hyaloclastite
exposed in the mountains surrounding the south half of the Carson Desert and
mapped by Axelrod (1956). Morrlson (1964), and Page (1965).
There is
extensive exposure of Plio-Pleistocene basalt and basaltic andesite in the
Stillwater Range to the east and south of the Stillwater prospect area (Page,
1965).
Page (1965) reports a 488 m (1600 ftl thickness of these rocks
overlying folded Pliocene sedimentary strata.
The De Braga 12 well bottomed;n Bunejug volcanics at a depth of 2109 m
u
(6920 ft).
The Richard Weishaupt 11 well penetrated the entire Bunejug
7
sequence and entered felsic volcanics and tuffaceous sediments, which possibly
-~
represent part of the Truckee Formation, at a depth of approximately 2412 m
(7915 ftl.
The sedimentary and volcanic stratigraphy penetrated by the De Braga and
Richard Weishaupt wells is similar to that penetrated by wells drilled 1n the
Soda Lake area (Horton, 1978 and Sibbett, 1979) located roughly (20 miles)
westward. The top of the Bunejug Formation lies at a depth of 1400 m (4595
ft) below the Soda Lake area, at approximately the same structural elevation·
as 1n the Stillwater area.
Basalt and andesite encountered in the Carson Sink #1 well near Soda Lake
and interpreted as the Bunejug Formation is at .least 914 m (3000 ft) thick and
is underlain by dacite porphyry, which could be Truckee Formation (Horton,
1978). Nearly 1220 m (4000 ft) of basalt and basaltic andesite were
encountered in the Richard Weishaupt II well and this unit has been
interpreted as Bunejug Formation.
8
u
REFERENCES
Atwood, J. W., K111pack, T. J., Glenn, W. E., and Nutter, C., 1980, WELLOG:
Computer software system for analysing and plotting well log data (A .'
·Users Guide to WELLOG. Rev. 2): University of, Utah Research Institutel,
Earth.Science Laboratory Rept. No. 45, DOE lOGE Contract DE~AC07801012079, 138 p.
Axel rod, D. I., 1956, Mio-Pliocene floras from west-central Nevada: Geol.
Sci., v. 33.
Earth Science Laboratory, 1979, Union Oil technical report on well De Braga
12, Stillwater KGRA, Churchill Co., NV: open file release December 1314, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Garside, L. J., and Schilling, J. H., 1979, Thermal waters of Nevada:
Bur. of Mines, Bull. 91, 163 p.
Nev.
Horton, R. C., 1978, Lithologic log and interpretation of instrument logs,
NURE Project, Carson Sink, Nevada, Bore Hole: Bendix Field Eng. Corp.,
GJBX - 53(78), 36.p.
.
Morrison, R. B., 1964, Lake Lahontan: Geology of Southern Carson Desert,
Nevada: U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 401, 156 p.
Olmsted, F. H., Glaney, P. A., Harrill, J. R., Rush, F. E., and Van Denburgh,
A. S., 1975, Preliminary hydrogeologic appraisal of selected hydrothermal
systems in northern and central Nevada: U. S. Geol. Survey, Open-File
Rept. 75-56, 267 p.
.
.
Page, B. M., 1965, Preliminary geologic map of a part of the Stillwater Range,
Churchill County, Nevada: Nev. Bur. Mines, Geol. Map 28.
Sibbett, B. S., 1979, Geology of the Soda Lake geothermal area: University of
Utah Research Institute, Earth Science Laboratory Rept. No. 24, DOE/DGE
contract EG-78-C-07-1701, 14 p.
.
UnionOH Company, 1979, De Braga 12 well' logs, Stillwater Prospect, Church111
County, Nevada.
.
Union Oil Company, 1981a, Weishaupt 11 well logs; Stillwater Prospect,
Churchill County, Nevada.
Union 011 Company, 1981b, Geothermal Reservoir Assessment Case Study, Northern
Basin and Range Province, Stillwater Prospect, .Church111 County, Nevada,
30 p.
. .
Union,Oil Company, 1981c, technical report - Well Richard Weishaupt II,
Stillwater prospect, Churchill County, Nevada.
9
APPENDIX
10
LITHOLOGIC LOG
De Braga - 2
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Union 011 Company
Richard Weishaupt # 1
Union Oil Company
Pre - Lake Lahontan and Lake Lahontan Sediments:
Dominantly clay with InterstratlFleGi tuffaceous
silt and sand. Coarser-grained fractions are
quartzose. Calcite cement Is common. Secondary
minerals are pyrite and clays.
Basic to Intermediate Composition Sill: Fine grained,
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1- 2 mm phenocrysts, hypidiomorphlc granular textures.
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logs indicate ~ty,
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Geophysical
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density and low gamma ray count.
Z
InterstratiFied FelSIc Volcanics and Tuffaceous Sediments.
Bunejug Formation.
z
~ 5200-1"""
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Basalt or basaltic andesite flows with minor Interbedded
-mudstone. Basalt contains plagioclaseand pyroxene:---abundant zeolite amygdules. Tachyllte altering to
palagonite and celadonite. Basalt Is multicolored: olive
gray. dark brown, red and green tint. Hematite staining
is pervasive.
?-----.
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lEXPlLANAT][ON
r.!l basaltIC intrusive
t!!!.d
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~ sand, silt, and clay
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t2ffk1
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Truckee Formation
~
Interstratifled Felsic tuffs and
tuffaceous sedimentary rocks.
UNIVERSITY of UTAH
RESEARCH INSrlTUTE
Basalt of the BuneJug Formation
interfingering within the upper 800 ft
6
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Probe Depth:l0,014'
True Vertical Depth:9569'
2306West and 357'South of
Surface Location
200
400Meters
PLATE 1
CORRELATION OF BEDDED UNITS IN THE
STILLWATER AREA
CHU/CHlli
COUNT~
NEVADA
TEMPERATURE
CALIPER
DEGREES F
so
INCHES
RESISTIVITY
M
SCHLUMBERGER
DUAL INDUCTION
SPHERICALLY FOCUSED
LOG
\
\
NEUTRON
POROSITY
~ss
DENSITY
POROSITY
PONTANEOUS
( POTENTIAL
MI
TS
GAMMA RAY
API
GEOLOGY
EXPLANATION
SCHLUMBERGER
COMPENSATED
NEUTRON LOG
basalt and andesite flows
,
\
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RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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PLATE 2
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COMPOSITE LOG
of
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GEOTHERMAL WELL: DE BRAGA#2
STILLWATER PROJECT
CHURCHILL COUNT~ NEVADA