Matakuliah : U0183 / FOTOGRAFI 2
Tahun
: 2006
Pertemuan 01
Introduction to Artificial Lighting
1
Introduction
Contents Of Class Meeting
- Introduction to lighting theory
- Types of studio lighting equipments
- The basic studio set up & its accessories
- The components & functions in lighting equipment
- Handling and storing the equipments
2
The Equipments
- The lighting system
- Light shapers & accessories
- Light stands
- Background
- Light meter
3
Lighting theory
Hard Light
•
A very small lightsource (in relation to
the object)
•
The shadows of such a light are very
sharp. On a wall behind the object
there are only two different areas:
illuminated areas and a core shadow.
The distance of the lightsource to the
object has also a big influence on the
hardness: Imagine e.g. a normal
reflector illuminating a person from
about 10 m distance, the resulting
shadows will be very hard. But when
you illuminate a small box of matches
from about 10 cm with the same
reflector - the shadows will be much
softer
4
Lighting theory
Soft Light
•
•
A typical soft lightsource is
about the same size as the
object.
On a wall behind the object
a "new" shadow appears:
Between the fully
illuminated areas and the
core shadow we can see a
gradation from the light to
dark. This area is called a
semi shadow. Again the
distance has an important
influence: Going very for
away from the object the
light becomes harder,
going closer it gets softer.
5
Lighting theory
You get diffused light from a
very big lightsource.
Choosing the light big
enough; its characteristics
are more or less
independent of the distance.
Every little spot on the wall
behind the object gets some
light. The core shadows
disappear. Eventually only a
slightly darker area can be
seen on the background.
6
Lighting theory
The highlight & shadow correlation
The idea is simple; any subject can
be considered as being a mirror. Of
course, some reflect more, others
less. Some have a perfectly flat
surface, some show a structure.
To show structures / texture, we
need the relation between light and
shadow; so we work with a hard
light.
Examples: textile, food, sunlight
imitations and etc.
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Lighting Equipment
The “Solo” Lighting Unit
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Lighting Equipment
The Lighting Component
The 2 types of lightsource
1. Flash Light
2. Modelling Light
Flash Tube
Halogen Modeling Lamp
Protection Glass Domes
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Light Shapers & Accesories
Reflectors , Barndoors & Honeycomb Grids
Light Quality
Coverage: center weighted
Edge transfer: short
Shadow definition: very high
Shadow contrast: high
Highlight: very small, burnt out
10
Light Shapers & Accesories
Satelite
Light Quality
Softer light quality yet retainingHard and directed
light
Superb shadows
Excellent tool for simulating sunlight in advertising
and fashion studios and for automobile and furniture
photography
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Light Shapers & Accesories
• Soft box
Light Quality
Coverage: even
Edge transfer: endless
Shadow definition: low
Shadow contrast: low
Highlight: square, slightly
centerweighted, sharp
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Light Shapers & Accesories
Umbrella Reflector
Light Quality
Coverage: fairly even
Edge transfer: fairly smooth
Shadow definition: fairly sharp
Shadow contrast: high
Highlight: fairly small, burnt out
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Light Stands
Light stand
Boom Stand
Ceiling system
14
Backgrounds
- Paper Background
- Canvas Background
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