Status of the LHC Project
Lyndon Evans
Machine Advisory Committee
15 June 2006
Injection line TI8
L.R. Evans
2
Dipole cold masses
L.R. Evans
3
Total need
L.R. Evans
4
Dipole: integral field
Cold mass
Firm 1
Firm 2
Firm 3
40
upper limit for single magnet (3 sigma)
10.13
20
10.11
0
10.09
-20
Units
Int transf func (Tm/kA)
10.15
lower limit for single magnet (3 sigma)
-40
10.07
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Magnet progressive number
L.R. Evans
800
900
AT-MAS
5
Dipole: b3 integral field
10
5
upper limit for systematic
0
lower limit for systematic
Cross-section 2
b3 integral (units)
Cold mass
Firm 1
Firm 2
Firm 3
-5
Cross-section 3
-10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Magnet progressive number
L.R. Evans
800
900
AT-MAS & MTM
6
Arc quadrupole cold masses
L.R. Evans
7
Total needed
SSS:
6–12 m, 8–19 t
SC: Nb-Ti
Gradient Quad : 223 T/m
L.R. Evans
8
Preparation for installation in SMI2
Hall SMI2
L.R. Evans
9
Underground
L.R. Evans
10
L.R. Evans
11
L.R. Evans
12
Cryogenics overview
L.R. Evans
13
Infrastructure and refrigerators at 4.5 K
Point 8
QSCC QSCA QSCB QSCC
Shaft
QSRA QSRB
Surface
Storage
Cavern
QURA
QUIC
Sector 7-8
QURC
Sector 8-1
L.R. Evans
Tunnel
QURC
14
Refrigeration units at 1.8 K
Point 8
QSCC QSCA QSCB QSCC
IHI Linde
Shaft
QSRA QSRB
Cavern
QURA
QUIC
QURC
Sector 7-8
QURC
Sector 8-1
L.R. Evans
Tunnel
Air Liquide
Surface
Storage
15
Cryogenic distribution
Point 8
QSCC QSCA QSCB QSCC
Shaft
QSRA QSRB
Surface
Storage
Cavern
QURA
QUIC
Sector 7-8
QURC
Sector 8-1
L.R. Evans
Tunnel
QURC
16
First DFB with Arc Termination Module
L.R. Evans
17
Infrastructure for RF at Point 4
L.R. Evans
18
Performance goals
L.R. Evans
19
Global requirements
L.R. Evans
20
Machine considerations
L.R. Evans
21
LHC operational cycle
PHYSICS
BEAM DUMP
9
14000
8
SQUEEZE
PREPARE
PHYSICS
RAMP DOWN
6
START RAMP
MB current
7
PHYSICS
PREINJECTION
PLATEAU
B [T]
5
4
3
INJECTION
2
T0
Tinj
Ramp down
≈ 18 Mins
1
Pre-Injection Plateau
15 Mins
0
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
Time [s]
L.R. Evans
1000
0
Injection2000
≈ 15 Mins
3000
Ramp
Squeeze
≈ 28 Mins
< 5 Mins
Prepare Physics
Physics
≈ 10 Mins
10 - 20 Hrs
22
Staged commissioning plan for protons
Stage I
Hardware
commissioning
Machine
checkout
Beam
commissioning
No beam
I.
75ns
ops
25ns ops I
IV
Install
Phase II
and MKB
25ns
ops II
Pilot physics run
„
„
„
First collisions
43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities
Push performance (156 bunches, partial squeeze in 1 and 5, push intensity)
Performance limit 1032 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
75ns operation
„
„
„
„
III.
III
Beam
„
II.
43 bunch
operation
II
Establish multimulti-bunch operation, moderate intensities
Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle)
Push squeeze and crossing angle
Performance limit 1033 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup)
25ns operation I
„
„
„
„
Nominal crossing angle
Push squeeze
Increase intensity to 50% nominal
Performance limit 2 1033 cm-2 s-1
IV. 25ns operation II
„
Push towards nominal performance
L.R. Evans
23
N 2 k b fγ
Lσ
L=
F Eventrate / Cross = TOT
*
kb f
4πε n β
Stage I physics run
„
„
„
Start as simple as possible
Change 1 parameter (kb N β *1 , 5) at a time
All values for
„
„
„
nominal emittance
7TeV
10m β* in point 2 (luminosity looks fine)
Parameters
Beam levels
Protons/beam ? 1013
(LEP beam currents)
Stored energy/beam ? 10MJ
(SPS fixed target beam)
Rates in 1 and 5
Rates in 2
kb
N
β* 1,5
(m)
Ibeam
proton
Ebeam
(MJ)
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing
1
1010
18
1 1010
10-2
1027
<< 1
1.8 1027
<< 1
43
1010
18
4.3 1011
0.5
4.2 1028
<< 1
7.7 1028
<< 1
43
4 1010
18
1.7 1012
2
6.8 1029
<< 1
1.2 1030
0.15
43
4 1010
2
1.7 1012
2
6.1 1030
0.76
1.2 1030
0.15
156
4
1010
2
6.2
1012
7
2.2
1031
0.76
4.4
1030
0.15
156
9 1010
2
1.4 1013
16
1.1 1032
3.9
2.2 1031
0.77
L.R. Evans
24
N 2 k b fγ
L=
F
4πε n β *
Stage II physics run
„
„
„
„
⎛θ σ ⎞
F = 1 / 1 + ⎜ c *z ⎟
⎝ 2σ ⎠
Relaxed crossing angle (250 µrad)
Start un-squeezed
Then go to where we were in stage I
All values for
„
„
„
Eventrate / Cross =
Beam levels
Lσ TOT
kb f
Protons/beam ? few 1013
nominal emittance
7TeV
10m β* in points 2 and 8
Parameters
2
Stored energy/beam ? 100MJ
Rates in 1 and 5
Rates in 2 and 8
kb
N
β* 1,5
(m)
Ibeam
proton
Ebeam
(MJ)
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing
936
4 1010
18
3.7 1013
42
1.5 1031
<< 1
2.6 1031
0.15
936
4 1010
2
3.7 1013
42
1.3 1032
0.73
2.6 1031
0.15
936
4 1010
1
3.7 1013
42
2.5 1032
1.4
2.6 1031
0.15
936
9 1010
1
8.4 1013
94
1.2 1033
7
1.3 1032
0.76
L.R. Evans
25
N 2 k b fγ
L=
F
4πε n β *
Stage III physics run
„
„
„
„
⎛θ σ ⎞
F = 1 / 1 + ⎜ c *z ⎟
⎝ 2σ ⎠
Nominal crossing angle (285 µrad)
Start un-squeezed
Then go to where we were in stage II
All values for
„
„
„
Eventrate / Cross =
Beam levels
Lσ TOT
kb f
Protons/beam ? 1014
nominal emittance
7TeV
10m β* in points 2 and 8
Parameters
2
Stored energy/beam = 100MJ
Rates in 1 and 5
Rates in 2 and 8
kb
N
β* 1,5
(m)
Ibeam
proton
Ebeam
(MJ)
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing
Luminosity
(cm-2s-1)
Events/
crossing
2808
4 1010
18
1.1 1014
126
4.4 1031
<< 1
7.9 1031
0.15
2808
4 1010
2
1.1 1014
126
3.8 1032
0.72
7.9 1031
0.15
2808
5 1010
2
1.4 1014
157
5.9 1032
1.1
1.2 1032
0.24
2808
5 1010
1
1.4 1014
157
1.1 1033
2.1
1.2 1032
0.24
2808
5 1010
0.55
1.4 1014
157
1.9 1033
3.6
1.2 1032
0.24
3.2 1014
362
1034
19
6.5 1032
1.2
Nominal
L.R. Evans
26
Important Milestones
Last magnet delivered
October 2006
Last magnet tested
December 2006
Last magnet installed
March 2007
Machine closed
August 2007
First collisions
November 2007
L.R. Evans
27
Machine Commissioning
•
Sectors 7-8 and 8-1 will be fully commissioned up to 7 TeV in
2006-2007
•
The other sectors will be commissioned up to the field needed for
de-Gaussing (1.2 TeV)
•
Initial operation will be at 900 GeV (CM) with a static machine (no
ramp, no squeeze) to dedug machine and detectors and to give a
significant sample of W and Z
•
Full commissioning up to7 TeV will be done in the winter 2008
shutdown
L.R. Evans
28
Breakdown of a normal year
L.R. Evans
29
Conclusions
•
All key objectives have been reached for the end of 2005
and installation is now proceeding smoothly.
• Three quarters of the machine has been liberated for
magnet installation and interconnect work is proceeding
in 2 octants in parallel. Magnet installation is now steady
at 25/wk . Installation will finish end March 2007. The
machine will be closed in August 2007.
•Every effort is being made to establish colliding beams
before the end of 2007 at reduced energy. The full
commissioning up to 7 TeV will be done during the 2008
winter shutdown ready for a Physics run at full energy in
2008.
L.R. Evans
30