Status and Plans for the LHC
and the Experiments!
!
LHC
! !RRB
39!
!
!
October 12, 2014!
Sergio Bertolucci !
CERN!
Chamonix 2014 Conclusions Frédérick Bordry 8 October 2014 22nd September 2015 from Les Aiglons 9th meeting of CERN Machine Advisory Committee
(CMAC9) linked to Chamonix
CMAC
members
Brinkmann Reinhard
Fischer Wolfram
Gourlay Stephen
Holtkamp Norbert
Oide Katsunobu
Qing Qin
Roser Thomas (chair)
Seeman John
Shiltsev Vladimir
DESY
BNL
LBNL
SLAC
KEK
IHEP
BNL
SLAC
FNAL
Meetings during Chamonix (afternoon, morning, evening).
Closed session on Friday 26th September at CERN.
CMAC Close Out : Friday 26th September at 15h30.
Main focus of CMAC9: strategy for the restart of the
machine, plan for LIU & HL-LHC, optimizing luminosity
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
3
LS 1 from 16th Feb. 2013 to Dec. 2014
19 months
October 13th
16th Feb.
2013
2014
2015
F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
beam to beam
available for works
Physics
Beam commissioning
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
Shutdown
Powering tests
4
PS Physics has started
•  nTOF planned for 15-07-2014
- Slightly delayed start for EAR2 installation work
- First beam on target 25-07-2014
- Since, physics during night and weekends and continuation of installation during daytime.
•  East Area planned for 15-07-2014
- First beam on 15-07-2014, physics start on 16-07-2014
•  AD beam
- In March 2014, beam on target delayed by 3 weeks due to Horn strip line problem new
optimistic date for beam on target 01-08-2014
- First beam delivered on target 05-08-2014, physics start on 16-09-14
•  Ion beam in preparation for 2015 run planed for 25-08-14
- Argon Ions were successfully injected, accelerated and extracted from PS on 26-08-2014
Better define different periods:
Shut-down
HW commissioning
Cold Check-out
Beam Commissioning
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
Clear definition of roles and
responsibilities for each
period and interfaces
IEFC will follow this issue
5
SPS: start-up with beam more-or-less on schedule
Beam was foreseen for Monday 8th September,
Despite…
•  Conditioning of injection and dump kickers which took longer than foreseen
after LS1
•  Hardware testing of main circuits and debugging of converter software issues
after updates during LS1
•  Water leak on water cooled
main bus bar in SPS point 3
was detected on 8th Sept.
1st beam on Saturday
13th September
6th
North Area (started physics
Oct)
HiRadMat (first run 13th Oct)
Fixed
target
LHC
LHC (2015)
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
6
Cool-down of LHC sectors
Sector 12
Sector 23
Sector 34
Sector 45
Sector 56
Sector 67
Sector 78
Sector 81
Arc-­‐magnet average temperature [K]
300
Slow-down
during
weekends
250
200
150
100
CSCM
50
0
5/5/14 0:00
2/6/14 0:00
30/6/14 0:00
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
28/7/14 0:00
Time
25/8/14 0:00
22/9/14 0:00
ITR8 intervention
Courtesy of Laurent Tavian
7
Safety First,
Quality Second,
Schedule Third
LHC schedule V4.1
NC
CSCM
Cool-down
CSCM
Cool-down
CSCM
PT Φ 1
ELQA
PT Φ 1
PT Φ 2
ELQA
PT Φ 1
PT Φ 2
March
April
P6
67
78
P8
81
CSCM
ELQA
NC
Cool-down
ELQA
Flushing, nQPS,
ELQA
NC
Cool-down
CSCM
Cool-down
ELQA
ELQA
PT Φ 1
Cool-down
CSCM
PT Φ 2
CSCM
PT Φ 1
PT Φ 2
ELQA
PT Φ 1
PT Φ 2
PT Φ 1
PT Φ 2
Machine Check-out
August
Flushing, nQPS,
July
Pressure test
ELQA
ELQA
P7
September
ELQA
Cool-down
56
December November October
P5
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
ELQA
35
Flushing, nQPS, ELQA 36
37
38
NC
39
40
41
42
43
44
Cool-down 45
46
CSCM
47
48
49
50
ELQA
51
52
1
2
3
4
PT Φ 1
5
6
7
PT Φ 2
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
January
September
December November October
ELQA
Flushing, nQPS,
PT Φ 2
45
Pressure test
NC
ELQA
P4
Pressure test
February
January
ELQA
34
February
NC
August
July
Flushing, nQPS,
P3
March
23
Beam Commissioning
April
P2
CV
maintenanc
e
12
CV
maintenanc
e
P1
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1st beam on week 11 (starting 9th March 2015)
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
Courtesy of Katy Foraz
8
Maximum beam energy : 13 TeV c.m. in 2015
Decision to run at a maximum energy of 6.5 TeV per beam
during the powering tests and during 2015.
(10 to 15 training quenches per sector are expected to be needed to
reach that energy).
“We accept the risk that results from late quench tests could
force to run at lower energy” Emilio Meschi
NO change of beam energy in 2015.
A decision regarding the possibility of increasing the energy
will be taken later in 2015, based on the experience gained
in all eight sectors at 6.5 TeV per beam during powering
tests and operation with beams.
LHC Strategy for 2015
-  To restart with the similar 2012
parameters and a relaxed β* (80cm)
(Alice 10m; LHCb 3m) to establish asap
collisions at 13 TeV with 50 ns bunch
spacing, no combined collide-squeeze,
ramp-squeeze,…
-  LHCf request and VdM with same optics
-  To do a 1st scrubbing run (50ns+25ns;
7-9 days) and to accumulate up to
1fb-1 with 50 ns (around 20 days)
-  To establish the running with 25 ns:
enough time for the scrubbing (10-15
days and no pressure for production)
-  To run at 25ns with β* (80cm) during 2
months (45 days) and to decrease the β*
(60 cm- 40 cm?) to have around 45 days
of operation to prepare 2016 and 2017
- One month for heavy ions.
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
10
R2E LHC Target R2E SEE Failure Analysis
!
~400 h
Downtime
s / fb -1
~250 h
Downtime
~12 dump
! 2008-­‐2011 ! 2011-­‐2012 Relocation
& Shielding
!
Equipment Upgrades
or f
g
min-1
i
A
LS2 / fb
–
LS1 dumps
<0.5
CERN R2E Organiza.on – Extended TM (BE/TE/EN) Analyze and miFgate all safety relevant cases and limit global impact 11 Focus on long downFmes and shielding ! LS1 (2013/2014) !
Final relocaFon and shielding ! LS1-­‐LS2 (2015-­‐2018) !
Tunnel equipment and power converters February 11th 2014 UFOs may get worse at higher energy
•  UFO rate increases (also with 25 ns spacing)
•  energy loss / UFO increases
•  quench margin is reduced
•  also: duration of UFOs decreases
„Rise&me becomes faster for higher beam energies.“ PRE
LIM
INA
RY
683 arc (≥ cell 12) UFO events with
1374/1380 bunches until 20.08.2012.
Signal RS04 > 2·10-4 Gy/s. Only datasets
with R² ≥ 0.95.
no miFgaFon during LS1 to reduce UFO acFvity
T. Baer,
UFO Study
Working
Group ,
4 Sept.
2012
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
100 µs
12
U(Unknown)FO loss concern and scenario
1. Reloca.on of BLMs for 100% coverage of SC magnets to allow localizing and quan.fying UFOs BLMs moved from centre of MQ
to position above MB-MB
interconnects:
Initial numbers of UFO events
will be larger. Don’t panic !
2. Refinement of BLM thresholds (based on quench tests) to avoid u n n e c e s s a r y t r i g g e r s a n d quenches. LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
13
LHC goal for 2015 and for Run 2 and 3
Priorities for the 2015 run :
-  Establish proton-proton collision at 13 TeV with 25ns and low β*
to prepare production run in 2016.
Optimisation of physics-to-physics duration
-  Later in 2015: decision on special runs “when and
duration” (90m optics): not in the 1st part of the year. Waiting
LHCC recommendation
-  Pb-Pb run: one month at the end of 2015
The goal for Run 2 luminosity is 1.3 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 and
operation with 25 ns bunch spacing (2800 bunches), giving
an estimated pile-up of 40 events per bunch crossing.
“A maximum pileup of ~50 is considered to be acceptable for ATLAS and CMS”
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
14
LHC goal for 2015 and for Run 2 and 3
Integrated luminosity goal:
2015 : 10 fb-1
Run2: ∼100-120 fb-1
(better estimation by end of 2015)
300 fb-1 before LS3
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
15
The LIU and HL-LHC projects
Cost and Schedule Review
9-11 March 2015 ; Chair: N. Holtkamp (CMAC 10)
The goal of the cost and schedule review of the LIU and HLLHC projects is to assess the status and risks of both projects
Four major activities ongoing in parallel:
•  Accelerator complex operation
•  Accelerator Consolidation Program
•  LHC Injector Upgrades (LIU)
•  High Luminosity LHC upgrade
LHC Performance Workshop 2014 Conclusions
F. Bordry
8th October 2014
This review will cover the LIU and
HL-LHC projects, taking into
consideration their working
hypothesis linked to the
Consolidation project and the
operation of the CERN accelerator
complex.
This review will not assess the cost
and schedule of the Consolidation
project nor the operation of the
accelerator complex.
16
The Experiments!
Approaching the LS1 endgame!
n  Focusing on closing the detectors and on the
recommissioning !
n  Concentrating on the Run II scenarios!
n  …and of course keeping producing physics
results and working for the upgrades.!
n 
The Experiments!
n  Long
term schedule stabilized at the end
of 2013!
n  Phase-I upgrades figures and timelines
pretty consolidated!
n  Phase-II figures and timelines still based
on LOI and subject to R&D results!
n  HL-LHC studies continuing (2nd ECFA HLLHC Experiments Workshop
https://indico.cern.ch/event/315626/ )!
!
Phase II Upgrades, a proposal for discussion!
The scenario:!
!
n 
n 
n 
n 
!
By the year 2023, LHC will have delivered an integral luminosity
~ 300/fb to each of the two general purpose experiments.!
At that time, both the LHC low-beta insertions and many critical
components of the experiments will have reached the end of
their life-cycle, due to radiation damage. This aging model has
by now been validated by the data collected in Run I.!
It is inconceivable under any reasonable scenario to stop the
LHC program at that point, as it is also indicated as the top
priority in the Update of European Strategy on Particle Physics
! ATLAS AND CMS PHASE II UPGRADES ARE
MANDATORY.!
The goal of the upgrades, clearly stated by both experiments, is
to retain the same performances as in Run I in a much more
challenging environment !
Phase II Upgrades, a proposal for discussion!
The scenario:!
!
n 
n 
n 
ATLAS and CMS have presented in the October '13 RRB
meeting a first assessment of their Phase II upgrade cost,
with a total core cost of ~550 MCHF and starting already
in 2017, in order to flatten the spending profile as much as
possible.!
Core costs DO NOT include offline computing, for which
the experiments assume the continuation of the present
effort.!
The LHC schedule is optimized for an efficient running of
both machine and accelerator. Moving the Phase II
upgrades beyond 2023 is not an option, because it
would be economically wrong to run with a crippled
machine and inefficient experiments.!
Phase II Upgrades, a proposal for discussion!
Balancing bottom-up and top down:!
!
n 
n 
n 
n 
Approval of the upgrades should proceed through an iterative
process, which will strike a balance between experiments
requests, physics performances and needs, and funding
agencies capacities.!
Experiments will submit Technical Proposals to the LHCC,
outlining the connection of the physics requirements with the
technical solutions.!
A preliminary money matrix, negotiated with all the involved
funding agencies, will be mandatory to assess the credibility of
the proposals.!
Subject to the soundness of the physics case, the technical
maturity and a realistic global funding, the LHCC will ask the
collaborations to proceed to Technical Design Reports, which
MUST contain a detailed cost breakdown connected to the
physics requirements and performances, a money matrix
and a schedule. !
Phase II Upgrades, a proposal for discussion!
Balancing bottom-up and top down:!
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
The LHCC and the Upgrade Cost Group will scrutinize the TDRs
and recommend them for approval to the Research Board,
based on their scientific and technical merits AND on a detailed
cost analysis, which will check the compatibility between the
needed and the available resources.!
The Funding Agencies will run a similar process for their
communities, thus providing a realistic input to the money
matrix.!
Detailed and timely information will be provided to the RRB
throughout the process by the Scrutiny Group, whose
representatives are ex-officio members of the LHCC and of the
UCG.!
In case of a substantial unbalance between the needed and the
available resources, the experiments will be asked to present
staging or descoping plans.!
NO TDR WILL BE APPROVED by the Research Board if it
lacks a realistic funding scenario.!
Experiment approval and monitoring process LOI/TP MoU addenda Money Matrix Directorate Proposal Endorsement TDRs Proposal Time/costs Exp of Int Endorsement R&D LHCC Budget/expenditure Endorsement Construc.on Funding Agencies (including CERN) M&O-­‐A Research Board Upgrade Cost Group Scru.ny Groups Resource Review Board M&O-­‐B Compu.ng WLCG CERN FP DEPT Phase II Upgrades, a proposal for discussion!
The time scale:!
n 
The proposed time scale foresee the process to
have an important deadline in October '15, with
the goal to have both experiments ready to go
for their TDRs!
n 
n 
earlier dates might not allow for mature choices,
(much) later dates would damage the experiments and
their timely readiness. !
Of course, we shall use the October '14 and the
April '15 RRB's to steer/advance the process.
!
THANK YOU!