'( ) % +, -. '( ) % / : % & '( ) . 0 , 1 '( ) , + 23 % 451 ' + / + '( ) 7 % 0, + , 5+ , -. '( ) 7 2 ! 8 + + .9 0 ( , , >0 ? '+ % = 8 : ; ! <, 3 7 %/ . ! . ! & ' + @,!A '+ % = %/ !" # $ : & B C D '+ , % & '( ) 2 ! 'GHA 'I.1 . +% ,! ' ! - '( ) '+ 'GHA J 4 .! % /D M/ D,D @ 4K '+ % 4 '( ) '+ % I N = + 2 +, O /, 23 '+ #1! '( ) '+ 'GHA 2 ,D3 $ E - FD, E - FD, +% ,! 'GHA 1D 9 , <, 3 '+ O /, '( ) , 'GHA 2 - ! "# % & '"( ) .! P Frame # M , K 9 + J 'GHA QD / M valid-invalid bit 1 1 1 1 0 '( ) % 2D + HA : M '4 '+ 0 S'( ) , 1 + ' UD , - 'GHA QD / J % 4 M 0 0 page table .M S + HA 'GHA , K 9 + <, 3 '4/ 2 % , 0 . X, (Page Fault) 'GHA 1 * +, "- ! ./ .0"$ # + .M + S ! O /, 95 '( ) , ' 'GHA '+ 0 .! Q , K 5 '+ 'GHA ... 'I/ % = 'GHA QD / '+ K 5 .#1! 9 , O /, '( ) , 'GHA ,!7) Y K . 0 U M '( ) 1 J K 5 . 1 '+ , ( ,! 'GHA , 1J D5 ,, K 9+ reset , QD / . / + % , 4IU ,! . + 1. 2 3 , ( ) + Z! ': +' UM 1 0 % , , 1 A '( ) , ' , 'GHA :'GHA &+ / .8 &+ / ( ,! 'GHA + , 23 D ' ! 4 H 23 .! & 'GHA .! .M I 8 4 '+ ' 9 - '( ) 2D, '+ , + 8 : 'GHA J 9 8 4 6 .9 J D HA 8 + K 'GHA 78 .M X . , 'GHA .M p = 0 0 . 5 .M O /, Y 4 p = 1 0 :, EAT = (1 – p) x memory access + p (page fault overhead + [swap page out ] + swap page in + restart overhead) 4 ,!$U '+ % 2 % D9 ' [D J :'( ) '+ \ ! &+ / ' 'GHA , ! % . ! ; E J5 D, 23 @ \ ' [ 10 :'GHA Q - 2 % 4 , + >U 2 % EAT = (1 – p) x 1 + p (15000) = 1 + 15000P 2 9 ,: ]!+ % = & 2 % '+ % & '( ) ;"<=# > ?0@ &6 % $ M + : ! 8 ! Y$ $ '( ) " D = , . " 23 % '^5 J S 5 ! + 'GHA ;+' )< ?# @ 9.# ,: 9 $ '( ) , 'GHA J '+ J5 @,!A '+ D, ?! + J Y %/ % D, = % = '+ 8 ! Y $ H ? '(H1 ) 'GHA % / . % D, 9 !M " + 0 + _+ , % = & , 8 ! Y$ " . ! " \ @ GHA GHA % (pool) ^ J % % ,! @ GHA _!4I . + P M , - HA )< ?# @ 9.# ,: 8 , .! D = D, /D M/ D,D @ 4K % / 9 $ '( ) D = . ! Y & '( ) '+ + @ 4K . ! A '( ) '+ D ! . ! !M 'GHA E - FD, + D =8 D = % S ! '( ) , 'GHA ' .! Y & '( ) '+ U!4I + @,!A '+ I+ + '( ) '+ + !M @ ,! . . , >$+ ? '+ , ,!A , + $ / + , D = '+ + FD, 8 5 read () write () 4 5 !M D =J % =8 : % / 8 `4 / / S !/! 7 % a + '( ) 7 P M % 0! / + &+ / ' \ ' !0 '+ + '( ) .M b D Q D, . $+ + , , 'GHA . ! , ' ! J5 D, \ ' '( ) D -. '( ) % .J:! '( ) J GHA / 'GHA . &+ / 4 D, c, + % & '( ) J 3 / != .8 = J5 .8 H D H 23 % = UM &+ / ,!$U J % S = UM .! ^ + 1 2 ! K '+ 'GHA 1 QD / D 8 - .- D, , ( ,! 'GHA 2 = U M 'GHA 1 J .8 8 / UM .. .- 1 0 1 0 1J .. 1 '+ , ( ,! 'GHA .8 %D, '+ , 'GHA .8 % d3 + % , % = / @ A" =?7 ./ .0 @ B - .C +; .9 ( ,! 'GHA .M X 8 8 = D '( ) '+ O /, ' , J D, ,!$U / + + %, . X, 'GHA .M F, 4 :9 % @,!A '+ O /, ' , a^+ 8 Qe , 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. / ,+ ; 7 D ; 7 A" =?7 'GHA Belady 1, : .M 10 1 1 5 4 2 2 1 5 3 3 4( 4 + 4 ; 7 A" =?7 :O /, ' , 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 : / ,+ ; 7 D : 'GHA .M 9 2 1' 1 1 4 5 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 4 , 3 (FIFO replacement) FD, 8 .9 + 'GHA .M + 1 4 / ,+ ; 7 D ; 7 A" =?7 E # Belady 0F O /, ,! 8 4 2 % 8 / A" =?7 _!C ' 8 &+ / , 'GHA . 0 4 , 1 : 1, : +Qe 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1 'GHA 4 2 .M 6 3 4 . D, 0F 9 "2 / A" =?7 , '+ 5 ,!$U , a& + = ; , , + ; ,"E6 A" =?7 (LRU) :O /, ' , 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1 5 2 3 5 4 3 4 : ,4 % 9K D 5 O /, , + ^ 9 "2 = ; , , + ; ,"E6 A" =?7 (LRU) ,4 8 < 9 "2 H + % = , ' , + , 4 J 'GHA M . 0 , 1 % = + 1 'GHA S@ GHA &+ / + .! = ; , , + ; ,"E6 A" =?7 (LRU) , @ GHA , 4 % ' = J :' = % H + % .8 , = $ ' = _ + '+ 'GHA Q - :'GHA '+ O /, .95 &+ / + !& 5/ '+ % 5 9 "2 = ; , , + ; ,"E6 A" =?7 (LRU) ', LRU @ A" =?7 O /, 9 + FD, . +P &+ / + ,9 M HA ' UD , - + 9 + J 'GHA '+ .J = O /, 9 + 'GHA '+ O /, HA 3 O /, 9 + ' 'GHA % .8 ^ (Second Chance) YD 9A FD, . , 9K i5: + D O /, 9 + '+ % J , , 9K i5: + 8 :! ' 'GHA O /, 9 + 0 ...9 .8 .D + &+ / , 'GHA D 8 HA , O /, 9 + I+ 'GHA j '+ 8 !1 8 4 < + < E< A" =?7 ) , > ., 8 4 ' , $ , 'GHA '+ @ K /, I , 4 J , 'GHA : LFU (Least Frequently Used) ,!$U . &+ / , , O /, , 4 ' Q_ 8 + : MFU (Most Frequently Used) ,!$U '+ 0% '+ _ 4 ) , , O /, , 4 8 :! ' 'GHA , O /, , 4 8 + ' , 'GHA S9 - '( ) . &+ / , B - G H"+ ) =7 B - G H"+ . , % @ GHA % 1 ) I '+ % = ., 9 !UD P M D 2 5 P M : 4K FD, D 25 P M . 1 20 % = % = % 1 % = % O!4& '+ 9 5 % = % + 9 !UD , I J % % = % % H / '+ .8 H % = '+ 1 P M ... X, 'GHA .M J % = + 0 1 100 D % = 5 9 5 '+ P 9 5 '+ % = . +P @ A" =?7 M .8 .8 ^ ^ &+ / &+ / + , % = 2 4 + , 4 9 !UD + % = 1% 1% '+ M 6 (Thrashing) ,2 ,2 G H"+ Y4 2 % , 1J ! % = P ^ 5 , !/! . . P M H $ 1% ! % =J 1% ! % = . M , +' , M , 'GHA I '+ % = J 0 . D, _ + @ '+ 'GHA .M % =J G P !M '+ H X S 1 M , . +_+ , $ + !M @ GHA 1. =6 + : '/, .! ! H &+ / Q!\ Y . !0 % = 8 = ,D + ,! K 5 5 '+ $ % = % =J ' Thrashing U ) '+ 0 +! 1. =6 Locality Z9 [! =?7 I/ + 'GHA : mE! J '+ mE! J % % = J : (Locality Model) IE! Q . @ / $ . 0 , 1 H ,! $ . +' + ' 9 @ GHA % 'K!4& mE! J !"4 $ + mE! : 9 8 4 X, Thrashing : Z < '( ) % (Working Set) mE! % 6 (=E O!4& !. 6 (=E !. '( ) '+ O /, + [ I @,!A '+ , 'K!4& .'( ) '+ O /, 10000 e S ! n^ , 'K!4& 8 M3 , ' GHA I @,!A '+ , WSSi . # I ' 0 , 1 O /, ,! Pi .! , (Locality) mE! J Y 4 S + J:! .! , mE! 8 : S + c, + .! ,' +Y4 S +9 . + % ,! 1 O!4& 4 . X, 0 +! S + '( ) % % =% 2 % M M + D= 0 0 0 WSSi 0, + D 0 BI : ) , 7 6 (=E , K 9+J D J =2 'H1D o 2 % % .F?# H + . $ !. + 8 4^ :Q e = 10000 . % 'H1D J % ) D 5000 % b= o 2 % . $+ ( , '( ) , 9 + D 'GHA + b" D 8 " 9 + 8 % '+ , O /, 9 + , - 'H1D + .8 HA , O /, 9 + , 'K!4& , 'GHA S !+ J '( ) , 9 + 8 % J 0 .9 % = H 'GHA .M X % 2 ! 0 +! % , % = %, % = = , 2 $ 1P 5 M 9 . 5 D ( &+ / ,!$U + 'GHA 5 J (Prepaging) - / 9U ) '+ B I 9U ) % ! . ,!M 'GHA 'K!4& e ) % = % ,! @ GHA Y 4 . + '( ) , / ^ 5 . , + 'GHA a = OD % = 1D .M % I S! ! F : ) , OD Y $ (23 , ) Mp 'GHA J , . .M 1024 * 1024 :J ' + d, S ! % Mp TLB , % = . D, 'GHA + .M 1024 :D ' = , 2 ^ S 0 'I.1 'I.1 + [! ; ! + 1 '( ) , 'K!4& ' 9 23 Q3 _ + 'GHA .M X @,!A 8 + , TLB ; ! a &+ / D ! H for (j = 0; j < A.length; j++) for (i = 0; i < A.length; i++) A[i,j] = 0; M M TLB Reach = (TLB Size) X (Page Size) + 1 '( ) 2 ! . a 'GHA % % = , 0 'I.1 'I.1 a ' 0 : @ GHA % % H : ) , H1 , +J % ) A '( ) , 'GHA J int A[ ][ ] = new int[1024][1024]; .9 'GHA 8 = _+ .locality (TLB Reach) TLB ( +, M 1 ) S'GHA QD / % = , 2 :' 1 'GHA % D S /D M/ D,D , + J:! @ GHA '+ ( + . .8 .8 8 !/D 0! / = , 2 + @ 1D M + .! D =J " + ' '( ) 'GHA J Q e + . D, 2D + A '( ) % ! 'K!4& D '( ) <, 3 J @,!A '+ % = 9 !M, 9 8 4 '+ 9+! 1D D 0 , 1 #A , 8 ! / 2 !M @ ,! % . +' B I A % = '+ 'GHA 23 $ S , 23 / for (i = 0; i < A.length; i++) for (j = 0; j < A.length; j++) A[i,j] = 0; 8 Windows NT :3 ( A"$ 2 . + 'I.1 H '+ 2 ,!M .M 'GHA 4 ! 4 '+ 'GHA = @ GHA ! . ! , 'K!4& J D 4 Windows NT 2, E - FD, % sK + + 'I.1 ,D3 '( ) 2D, , 'K!4& J % = ., '+ % = J ' 9 :3 ( A"$ 2 2, 4 P M ' 3 , - J % 5 %3 '( ) , - 1D !M , 'K!4& , !M Q D, S ! . 0 + ' 3 ) '+ , %3 '( ) , ! a+' , . % = @ GHA , 'K!4& , !M Q D, t>) , 'GHA !M 4 , 'K!4& % I 1 ) 4 , 'K!4& . , '( ) , 47 @,!A , 'K!4& % '+ e ) ! % =J . +' 'GHA 4 GHA 2 L M=2 ,!M .M @ GHA '+ P L M=2 ,?O =: M + %3 @ GHA % 5 U . , $ .9 + 'GHA % d3 ' 3 , = lotsfree .! Y & pageout % = % H + + 'GHA ' \ 9K ,!$U % H + , @ GHA pageout . a != D slowscan 8 + X 8 .9 'GHA a != X scanrate . \ fastscan @ ; ,E . N = 2 = @_ ! 8 '+ .21 S18 S17 S16 S14 S11 S9 S8 S5 S2 . Q , , '+ " @ , e ) , !M N = M Y 4 % 4 4 2 4 2 9 9 % = %= N = Q , , %D, ' % 4 M N = Q , , %D, ' % a + M 9
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