Workforce and
Practice Issues
For additional information, please contact
Jeanette Janota, Surveys & Analysis
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
Rockville, MD 20850
800-498-2071, ext. 8738
[email protected]
ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Contents
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 1
Employment Status .................................................................................................................... 2
Facility ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Population Density ........................................................................................................................... 3
Private Practice ........................................................................................................................... 3
Job Openings .............................................................................................................................. 3
Geographic Division ....................................................................................................................... 3
Population Density ........................................................................................................................... 3
Funded, Unfilled Positions ......................................................................................................... 3
Satisfaction With ASHA .............................................................................................................. 4
Facility ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Years of Experience ......................................................................................................................... 4
Collaboration ............................................................................................................................... 5
Facility ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Swallowing .................................................................................................................................. 6
Population Density ........................................................................................................................... 6
Geographic Division ........................................................................................................................ 6
Prepared to Serve Multicultural Populations ........................................................................... 6
Ethics ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Facility ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Years of Experience ......................................................................................................................... 7
Clinical Fellow (CF) Mentoring .................................................................................................. 7
ICF ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Outcome Measures ..................................................................................................................... 9
Survey Notes and Methodology .............................................................................................. 10
Response Rate ................................................................................................................................ 10
Other Reports ................................................................................................................................. 10
Suggested Citation ................................................................................................................... 10
Supplemental Resources ......................................................................................................... 11
Additional Information .............................................................................................................. 11
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Thank You.................................................................................................................................. 11
Appendix: State Listings and Data Tables ............................................................................. 12
Regions of the Country .................................................................................................................. 13
Table 1:
Job Market by Type of Facility .................................................................................. 14
Table 2:
Job Market by Geographic Division .......................................................................... 15
Table 3:
Funded, Unfilled Positions by Type of Facility ......................................................... 16
Table 4:
Swallowing Services by Type of Facility................................................................... 17
Table 5:
Ethics Pressures by Facility ........................................................................................ 18
Figures
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
SLPs Employed Full- or Part-Time .............................................................................. 2
SLPs Employed Full- or Part-Time by Facility ............................................................ 2
Satisfaction with ASHA ............................................................................................... 4
Prepared to Serve Multicultural Populations................................................................ 6
Table
Table 1:
Interprofessional Collaboration Frequency .................................................................. 5
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Executive
Summary
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) conducted a
survey of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the spring of 2013. The survey
was designed to provide information about health care–based service delivery
and to update and expand information gathered during previous SLP Health Care
Surveys. The results are presented in a series of reports.
This report addresses only questions on the survey pertaining to workforce and
practice issues. Data are drawn from six types of health care facilities: general
medical and long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals, rehabilitation (rehab)
hospitals, pediatric hospitals, skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), home health
agencies and clients’ homes, and outpatient clinics and offices.
Highlights:
 67% of SLPs worked full-time.
 45% of SLPs in home health agencies or clients’ homes worked
part-time.
 36% of SLPs worked full- or part-time as private practice
(co)owners.
 28% reported that job openings were more numerous than job
seekers with the highest rate reported by SLPs who worked in
home health agencies and clients’ homes (39%).
 20% reported that their facilities had funded, unfilled positions.
 69% said ASHA was doing a good or excellent job serving its
SLP members who work in health care facilities.
 12% said professionals other than SLPs provided primary
swallowing services; SLPs in pediatric hospitals reported the
highest rate (47%).
 12% said they were very professionally prepared to address
cultural and linguistic influences on service delivery and
outcomes; only 3% said they were not at all prepared.
 29% reported pressure to engage in inappropriate clinical
activities during the last 12 months. SLPs in SNFs reported the
highest rate (42%).
 18% of SLPs needed guidance with establishing outcomes and
performance levels when working with clinical fellows.
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Employment
Status
Among the respondents to the survey who were employed, 67% worked full-time
(see Figure 1).
Figure 1. SLPs Employed Full- or Part-Time
Part-time
33%
Full-time
67%
n = 1,951
Facility
More than half of the SLPs in each type of facility worked full-time, including
81% of those in SNFs and 73% of those in pediatric hospitals (see Figure 2).
SLPs in home health agencies or clients’ homes were the group most likely to be
employed part-time (45%; p = .000).
Figure 2. SLPs Employed Full- or Part-Time by Facility
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
Part-time
Full-time
0%
n = 1,951
SNF = skilled nursing facility
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Population
Density
In suburban areas, 39% of SLPs worked part-time compared with 30% in
metropolitan/urban areas and 23% in rural areas (p = .000).
Private
Practice
Overall, 36% of the SLPs in the survey reported that they worked full- or parttime as private practice (co)owners. The rate was high in home health agencies
and clients’ homes (63%) and outpatient clinics and offices (55%) and low in
general medical and LTAC hospitals (28%; p = .000; not shown in appended
tables).
Job
Openings
Overall, 28% of respondents stated that job openings were more numerous than
job seekers. By facility, between 13% (rehabilitation hospitals) and 39% (home
health and clients’ homes; p = .000) selected this response when asked about the
current job market (see Appendix, Table 1).
Geographic
Division
When the country was divided into nine geographic divisions, more than 30% of
the SLPs in the New England (36%), Pacific, Mountain, and West South Central
(32% each) states declared that job openings were more numerous than job
seekers (see Appendix for listing of states in each division and Table 2 for data).
Population
Density
The lower the population density, the more likely SLPs were to state that job
openings out-numbered job seekers. Specifically, this response was given by
25% of those in metropolitan/urban areas, 27% of those in suburban areas, and
37% of those in rural areas (p = .002; not shown in tables).
Funded,
Unfilled
Positions
Overall, 20% of the SLPs responded that they had funded, unfilled positions at
their facilities. The range was from 16% in SNFs to 37% in pediatric hospitals
(p = .000; see Appendix, Table 3).
Neither region of the country (p = .350) nor population density (p = .603) had an
effect on the response SLPs made about whether there were funded, unfilled
positions at their facilities.
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Satisfaction
With ASHA
A net of 69% said that ASHA was doing a good or excellent job in serving its
SLP members who work in health care facilities (see Figure 3).
Figure 3. Satisfaction With ASHA
10%
4%
28%
Poor
Fair
Good
Excellent
59%
n = 1,966
Facility
SLPs in home health agencies and clients’ homes as well as those in outpatient
clinics and offices (11%) were the groups most likely to say ASHA is doing an
excellent job, whereas those in rehab hospitals (6%) were the least likely
(p = .002; not in any table).
Years of
Experience
SLPs with 31 or more years of experience were more likely (17%) than SLPs
with fewer years of experience to say ASHA is doing an excellent job serving its
health care members (p = .001).
Neither population density (p = .858) nor region of the country (p = .368) had an
effect on the response to this question.
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Collaboration
Interprofessional collaboration was defined in the survey as occurring “when
individuals from different fields work together to provide integrated services in a
health care environment.” Respondents were asked to identify how frequently
they engaged in interprofessional collaboration for each of five services using a
5–point scale where:
N
L
M
W
D
=
=
=
=
=
Never
Less often than monthly
Monthly
Weekly
Daily
The service most likely to occur daily in collaboration with other professionals
was treatment (31%). Assessment, treatment, clinical team meetings, and
patient/family meetings were more likely to occur weekly than in any other time
frame. Only documentation was more likely to never occur than to occur at any
other frequency (see Table 1).
Table 1. Interprofessional Collaboration Frequency
Service
Assessment
Treatment
N
L
M
W
D
15% 20% 14% 29% 22%
6% 15% 15% 33% 31%
Documentation
28% 20% 15% 21% 16%
Clinical team meeting
11% 17% 20% 41% 11%
Patient/family meeting
7% 19% 20% 38% 16%
n ≥ 1,912
Facility
The type of facility where SLPs worked had an effect on each of the five services
(p = .000):
 SLPs in general medical or long-term acute care hospitals were the group
most likely to engage in collaborative assessment on a daily basis (34%),
whereas SLPs in clinics or offices were the group most likely to say they
never did (17%).
 SLPs in general medical or long-term acute care hospitals as well as
those in rehab hospitals were more likely than those in other types of
facilities to engage in collaborative treatment on a daily basis (38%),
whereas SLPs in clinics or offices were the group most likely to say they
never did this (8%).
 SLPs in rehab hospitals were the group most likely to engage in
collaborative documentation daily (25%), and SLPs in general medical or
long-term acute care hospitals were the group most likely to never do this
(33%).
 SLPs in rehab hospitals were the most likely ones to engage in daily
collaborative clinical team meetings (26%); those in clinics or offices
were most likely to never do this (18%).
 SLPs in pediatric hospitals were more likely than those in other types of
facilities to engage in daily collaborative patient/family meetings (26%),
and those in clinics or offices were most likely to never do this (13%).
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Swallowing
When asked whether professionals other than SLPs provided primary swallowing
services in their facilities, an average of 12% said yes. Responses ranged from
2% to 17% in all types of health care facilities except for pediatric hospitals
(47%; see Appendix, Table 4).
Population
Density
The higher the population density, the more likely SLPs were to work in facilities
where other professionals provide primary swallowing services: 5% of the SLPs
who worked in rural areas, 10% of those in suburban areas, and 15% of those in
metropolitan/urban areas (p = .000; not shown in any table).
Geographic
Division
More SLPs in Pacific (21%) states than in other areas reported that other
professionals provided swallowing services (p = .000; not shown in any table).
(A list of states in each region can be found in the appendix.)
Years of experience (p = .537) did not affect responses to this question.
Prepared to
Serve
Multicultural
Populations
The SLPs were asked to use a 5-point scale to describe how professionally
prepared they were to provide services to multicultural populations. Respondents
were four times more likely to select very prepared (12%) than not at all
prepared (3%; see Figure 4).
Figure 4. Prepared to Serve Multicultural Populations
12%
3%
13%
1 Not at all prepared
2
3 (Midpoint)
32%
4
5 Very prepared
41%
n = 2,017
Type of facility (p = .000), population density (p = .000), and region of the
country (p = .013) affected responses to this item, but years of experience did not
(p = .396). SLPs least and most likely to identify themselves as very prepared
were, respectively:
 7% in SNFs and 15% in general medical or LTAC hospitals;
 9% in both suburban and rural areas and 15% in metropolitan/urban
areas;
 6% in West North Central states and 18% in Pacific states.
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Ethics
The survey posed a question about whether SLPs had perceived pressure to
engage in inappropriate clinical activities during the past 12 months.
Most of the SLPs (71%) said that they did not feel pressure to engage in any of
the six activities that were listed in the survey. Among the rest of the SLPs, the
most frequently cited activity was being pressured to provide inappropriate
frequency or intensity of services (14%) followed by pressure to provide services
that are not clinically appropriate (8%).
Facility
Facility had an effect on five of the activities (see Appendix Table 5):
 Provide a specific type of treatment. The percentage of SLPs who
selected this option ranged from 2% in home health and clients’ homes
and outpatient clinics and offices to 8% in SNFs (p = .000).
 Provide inappropriate frequency or intensity of services. This activity
was selected by a low response rate of 5% of SLPs in outpatient clinics
and offices to a high of 33% of SLPs in SNFs (p = .000).
 Provide services that are not clinically appropriate. Only 2% of SLPs in
outpatient clinics and offices selected this activity compared with 18% of
those in SNFs (p = .000).
 Provide services for which you had inadequate training and/or
experience. The range of SLPs who selected this activity was between
3% in rehab hospitals and 12% in pediatric hospitals (p = .005).
 The final category was other activity and was selected by 0% of SLPs in
rehab hospitals to 5% in general medical and LTAC hospitals (p = .027).
Years of
Experience
Years of experience had an effect on one activity (not in any table):
 Provide inappropriate frequency or intensity of services was selected by
a low of 6% of SLPs with 31 or more years of experience to a high of
20% of SLPs with 4 to 6 years of experience (p = .013).
 Additionally, between 62% of SLPs with 4 to 6 years of experience and
78% of those with 16 to 18 years of experience did not feel pressure to
engage in any of the six activities listed in the survey (p = .001).
Clinical
Fellow (CF)
Mentoring
When asked to refer to a list of five topic areas, most (66%) of the SLPs who
responded said that they did not need more guidance from ASHA to supervise or
mentor clinical fellows. This response ranged from 61% of SLPs in pediatric
hospitals to 75% of those who worked in home health or clients’ homes
(p = .006; not in any table).
Other SLPs needed guidance in the following areas:
 4% acknowledged needing help with the consequence of failing to
supervise and 9% with completing the CF report. Facility had no effect.
 6% requested help with terminating a CF-SLP for cause, ranging from
3% of SLPs in home health or clients’ homes to 9% of those in general
medical or LTAC hospitals (p = .016).
 10% said they needed help with the required amount of supervision,
ranging from 7% of SLPs who worked in home health or clients’ homes
to 14% of those in SNFs (p = .016).
 18% said they needed help with establishing outcomes and performance
levels. The range was from 13% of SLPs in home health or clients’
homes to 25% of those in pediatric hospitals (p = .005).
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
ICF
ASHA developed this section of questions because the ICF (International
Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health—World Health
Organization, 2001) is often recommended for documenting functional status.
These questions were developed to determine the level of recognition and
integration of the ICF framework by SLPs. Respondents appear to have not read
or to have misread the explanation of ICF. One obvious error was made by
respondents who wrote in “ICD-9” and apparently responded in terms of ICD
(International Classification of Diseases) codes rather than ICF. For further
analysis, go to www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/2013-SLP-Health-Care-SurveyOutcome-Measures.pdf.
The following is the verbatim section of the survey that asked about the ICF
framework.
ICF is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and
Health developed by the World Health Organization in 2001.
26. How familiar are you with the ICF framework as an approach to
describing patient function?
1
2
3
4
Have never heard of it.
Have heard of it, but don’t know much about it.
Know pretty much about it.
Know a lot about it.
27. How familiar are you with the specific codes and descriptors
used in the ICF?
1
2
3
4
Have never heard of them.
Have heard of them, but don’t know much about them.
Know pretty much about them.
Know a lot about them.
28. Does your documentation incorporate the ICF framework or
descriptors?
1
2
Yes
No
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Outcome
Measures
Public and private payers increasingly require reporting of objective measures to
demonstrate the benefit of SLPs’ services, most recently with the mandatory
reporting of functional measures for Medicare beneficiaries. ASHA developed
these questions to gauge awareness and use of outcome measures in
documentation and to determine which measures are most frequently used. There
appears to be an unacceptable level of respondent error, but the most frequently
reported measures were Functional Independence Measures (FIM) and National
Outcomes Measurement System (NOMS). For further analysis, go to
www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/2013-SLP-Health-Care-Survey-OutcomeMeasures.pdf.
The following is the verbatim section of the survey that asked about outcome
measures.
29. Do you report outcome measures (e.g., ASHA NOMS, FIM, WEEFIM) in your documentation?
1
2
Yes
No (SKIP to Q. 31.)
30. Which outcome measures do you report? Do NOT list
standardized tests such as WAB, BDAE, RIPA, CELF, PLS, Goldman
Fristoe, etc.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Survey
Notes and
Methodology
Response Rate
The SLP Health Care Survey has been fielded in odd-numbered years since 2005
to gather information of interest to the profession. Members, volunteer leaders,
and staff rely on data from the survey to better understand the priorities and
needs of SLPs.
The survey was mailed in February 2013 to a random sample of 4,000
ASHA-certified SLPs who were employed in health care settings in the
United States. An email reminder was sent a week later. Second (March)
and third (April) mailings followed, at approximately 3- or 4-week
intervals, to individuals who had not responded to earlier mailings.
The sample was a random sample, stratified by type of facility and by
private practice. Small groups, such as pediatric hospitals, were
oversampled. Therefore, weighting was used when presenting data to
reflect the actual distribution of SLPs in each type of facility within
ASHA.
Of the original 4,000 SLPs in the sample, 1 was deceased, 10 were retired,
4 had bad addresses, 133 were employed in other types of facilities, 20
were not employed in the field, and 5 were ineligible for other reasons,
leaving 3,827 possible respondents. The actual number of respondents was
2,048, resulting in a 53.5% response rate. The results presented in this
report are based on responses from those 2,048 individuals.
Other Reports
Results from the 2013 SLP Health Care Survey are presented in a series of
reports:
 Survey Summary Report
 Caseload Characteristics
 Workforce and Practice Issues
 Annual Salary Report
 Hourly and Per Visit Wage Report
 Private Practice Owners
 Survey Methodology, Respondent Demographics, and Glossary
Suggested
Citation
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2013). ASHA SLP Health
Care Survey 2013: Workforce and practice issues. Available from
www.asha.org.
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Supplemental
Resources
Health care resources. www.asha.org/slp/healthcare
Productivity. www.asha.org/slp/productivity.htm
Documentation. www.asha.org/slp/healthcare/documentation/
Medicare and Speech-Language Pathologists in Private Practice.
www.asha.org/practice/reimbursement/medicare/SLPprivatepractice.htm
Additional
Information
For additional information regarding the 2013 SLP Health Care Survey, please
contact Gennith Johnson, associate director of Health Care Services, at 800-4982071, ext. 5681, or [email protected]; Monica Sampson, associate director of
Health Care Services, at ext. 5686, or [email protected]; or Janet Brown,
director of Health Care Services, at ext. 5679, or [email protected]. To learn
more about resources for ASHA members working in health care, visit ASHA’s
website at www.asha.org/slp/healthcare.
Thank You
ASHA would like to thank the SLPs who completed the 2013 Health Care
Survey. Reports like this one are only possible because people like you
participate.
Is this information valuable to you? If so, please accept invitations to
participate in other ASHA-sponsored surveys and focus groups. You are the
experts, and we rely on you to provide data to share with your fellow members.
ASHA surveys benefit you.
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Appendix:
State Listings and
Data Tables
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Regions of the
Country
Northeast
 Middle Atlantic
o
New Jersey
o
New York
o
Pennsylvania
 New England
o
Connecticut
o
Maine
o
Massachusetts
o
New Hampshire
o
Rhode Island
o
Vermont
South
 East South Central
o
Alabama
o
Kentucky
o
Mississippi
o
Tennessee
 South Atlantic
o
Delaware
o
District of Columbia
o
Florida
o
Georgia
o
Maryland
o
North Carolina
o
South Carolina
o
Virginia
o
West Virginia
 West South Central
o
Arkansas
o
Louisiana
o
Oklahoma
o
Texas
Midwest
 East North Central
o
Illinois
o
Indiana
o
Michigan
o
Ohio
o
Wisconsin
 West North Central
o
Iowa
o
Kansas
o
Minnesota
o
Missouri
o
Nebraska
o
North Dakota
o
South Dakota
West
 Mountain
o
Arizona
o
Colorado
o
Idaho
o
Montana
o
Nevada
o
New Mexico
o
Utah
o
Wyoming
 Pacific
o
Alaska
o
California
o
Hawaii
o
Oregon
o
Washington
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Table 1: Job Market by Type of Facility
Q3. Based on your own observations and experiences, rate the current job market for SLPs in your type of employment facility and in your
geographic area. (Percentages)
Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criteria:

CCC-SLP

Answered “Yes” or “No” to Q. 2
General
Home Health/
Outpatient
Medical/
Rehab
Pediatric
SNF
Client’s
Observations
Total
Clinic/Office
LTAC
Hospital
Hospital
Home
Hospital
(n = 1,882)
(n = 297)
(n = 147)
(n = 82)
(n = 486)
(n = 343)
(n = 481)
Job openings more numerous
27.8
15.2
12.9
23.2
30.5
38.8
29.5
than job seekers
Job openings in balance with
41.6
37.7
36.1
42.7
43.4
41.4
45.7
job seekers
Job openings fewer than job
30.6
47.1
51.0
34.1
26.1
19.8
24.7
seekers
Statistical significance
χ2(10) = 119.8, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .181
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Table 2: Job Market by Geographic Division
Q3. Based on your own observations and experiences, rate the current job market for SLPs in your type of employment facility and in your
geographic area. (Percentages)
Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criteria:

CCC-SLP

Answered “Yes” or “No” to Q. 2
Job Market
Job openings more numerous
than job seekers
Job openings in balance with job
seekers
Job openings fewer than job
seekers
n
New England
35.7
41.1
23.2
112
Middle Atlantic
21.7
33.5
44.9
272
East North Central
28.6
43.1
28.3
311
West North Central
23.2
50.0
26.8
142
South Atlantic
27.9
43.2
28.9
387
East South Central
13.7
56.8
29.5
95
West South Central
32.2
39.4
28.4
236
Mountain
31.9
40.6
27.5
138
Pacific
32.0
38.2
29.8
178
Geographic Division
Statistical significance χ2(16) = 53.5, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .120
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Table 3: Funded, Unfilled Positions by Type of Facility
Q2. Do you currently have funded, unfilled positions for SLPs at your facility? (Percentages)
Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criterion:

CCC-SLP
General
Medical/
Rehab
Pediatric
Unfilled Positions
Total
LTAC
Hospital
Hospital
Hospital
(n = 2,004)
(n = 307)
(n = 152)
(n = 81)
Yes
19.2
19.5
17.1
37.0
No
77.3
80.5
82.2
63.0
Not currently employed
3.5
0.0
0.7
0.0
(Skip to Q. 8.)
Statistical significance
Home Health/
Client’s
Home
SNF
Outpatient
Clinic/Office
(n = 498)
16.3
83.1
(n = 360)
23.9
75.3
(n = 491)
18.3
81.5
0.6
0.8
0.2
(n = 495)
16.4
83.6
(n = 357)
24.1
75.9
(n = 490)
18.4
81.6
Too many cells (33%) have expected count less than 5.
Recoded, deleting “Not currently employed” response
(n = 1,934)
19.9
80.1
Yes
No
Statistical significance
(n = 307)
19.5
80.5
(n = 151)
17.2
82.8
(n = 81)
37.0
63.0
χ2(5) = 24.2, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .113
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Table 4: Swallowing Services by Type of Facility
Q25. In your facility, do any professionals other than SLPs provide primary swallowing services (e.g., assessment, treatment, instrumental
studies)? (Percentages)
Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criteria:

CCC-SLP

Employed full-time or part-time
General
Home Health/
Outpatient
Medical/
Rehab
Pediatric
SNF
Client’s
Swallowing Services
Total
Clinic/Office
LTAC
Hospital
Hospital
Home
Hospital
(n = 1,896)
(n = 298)
(n = 150)
(n = 79)
(n = 493)
(n = 362)
(n = 483)
Yes
11.6
11.1
5.3
46.8
1.6
17.1
14.1
No
88.4
88.9
94.7
53.2
98.4
82.9
85.9
Statistical significance
χ2(5) = 163.2, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .296
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ASHA SLP Health Care Survey 2013: Workforce and Practice Issues Report
Table 5: Ethics Pressures by Facility
Q22. In the past 12 months, have you felt pressured by an employer or supervisor to engage in any of the following activities? Select all that apply.
(Percentages) (Columns may total more than 100% because multiple responses were allowed.)
Analyses limited to respondents who met the following criterion:

CCC-SLP
General
Home Health/
Outpatient
Medical/
Rehab
Pediatric
Benefits
Total
SNF
Client’s
Clinic/Office
LTAC
Hospital
Hospital
Home
Hospital
(n = 2,047)
(n ≥ 307)
(n ≥ 151)
(n ≥ 82)
(n ≥ 502)
(n = 382)
(n ≥ 503)
Bill inappropriate codes
2.6
3.6
2.6
1.2
3.8
1.8
2.0
Statistical significance
χ2(5) = 5.9, p = .318
Provide a specific type of
4.5
5.5
4.6
4.8
8.3
2.4
2.0
treatment
Statistical significance
χ2(5) = 28.9, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .122
Provide inappropriate
frequency or intensity
14.3
12.3
13.8
7.3
33.1
8.6
5.0
of services
Statistical significance
χ2(5) = 186.2, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .311
Provide services for which
you had inadequate
5.0
8.1
3.3
12.0
4.0
4.7
4.4
training and/or
experience
Statistical significance
χ2(5) = 16.8, p = .005, Cramer’s V = .093
Provide services that are
8.2
9.7
11.8
6.1
17.9
2.6
1.8
not clinically appropriate
2
Statistical significance
χ (5) = 108.0, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .237
Other
3.2
4.9
0.0
1.2
4.0
1.8
3.8
Statistical significance
χ2(5) = 12.7, p = .027, Cramer’s V = .081
Did not feel pressured
71.2
74.0
74.8
78.0
58.3
83.5
83.1
2
Statistical significance
χ (5) = 106.1, p = .000, Cramer’s V = .235
9/20/13
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