IWI DEMOGRAPHY
Understanding iwi identification
growth patterns in the
NZ Census, 1991-2006
Moana Rarere
[email protected]
27-28 June 2013
PANZ Conference, Te Papa, Wellington NZ
©NIDEA
1
Structure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Research aim & questions
Background
Methodology
Findings
Concluding remarks
2
Research aim & questions
Develop a robust understanding of patterns of
iwi identification (i.e. population) in the NZ
census.
• What was the magnitude of growth?
• What factors contributed to growth?
• What are the demographic characteristics of
the iwi population driving growth?
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Background
• Social & economic resurgence of iwi
• Treaty and raupatu claims/settlements
• Hui Taumata 1984 (Māori economic summit)
• Runanga Iwi Act 1990 (repealed in 1991)
• Reinstatement of iwi data in the census, 1991
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Methodology
• Data source – NZ Census, 1991-2006
– Iwi affiliation
– Māori descent
• Inter-censal analysis
– Absolute & relative population change
– Average annual growth rates
• Cohort analyses
– birth
– age
– sex
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FINDINGS
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Intercensal Change %
Population
1991-1996
1996-2001
2001-2006
Iwi
15.0
6.6
12.7
MEG
20.4
0.6
7.4
Descent
13.4
4.2
6.6
NZ
7.2
3.3
7.8
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Intercensal Change %
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Iwi
1991-1996
1996-2001
2001-2006
Ngāi Tahu
43.5
34.5
25.5
Waikato
7.1
50.3
-6.6
Ngāti Awa
15.4
15.4
17.0
Tūhoe
5.7
12.9
11.7
8
Ngāi Tahu – Expected v Actual
Expected & actual Ngāi Tahu pop. (2006)
6000
5000
4000
3000
Expected
2000
Actual
1000
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60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
0
Ngāi Tahu - Birth Cohort
Tracking birth cohorts of Ngāi Tahu, 1991-2006
Birth year
1991
1996
2001
2006
1987-1991
2,436
3,390
4,545
4,785
(0-4 yrs)
(5-9 yrs)
(10-14 yrs)
(15-19 yrs)
1,497
2,082
2,619
3,006
(30-34 yrs)
(35-39 yrs)
(40-44 yrs)
(45-49 yrs)
1957-1961
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Ngāi Tahu – Sex Ratios
Age Groups
1991
1996
2001
2006
15-29
0.94
0.85
0.80
0.81
30-44
0.86
0.83
0.74
0.75
45-64
0.90
0.87
0.85
0.80
65+
0.75
0.66
0.72
0.73
Total
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.86
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Ngāi Tahu - intercensal growth (%) by rohe
Indicator
1991-1996
1996-2001
2001-2006
Inside rohe
32.5
26.4
22.0
Outside rohe
61.5
45.0
29.6
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Concluding remarks
1. Ethnic mobility
•
•
Census changes & settlement context
Age & gender
2. Conceptual framework for understanding iwi
population growth
3. Deal with variable iwi population growth?
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IWI DEMOGRAPHY
Understanding iwi identification
growth patterns in the
NZ Census, 1991-2006
Moana Rarere
[email protected]
27-28 June 2013
PANZ Conference, Te Papa, Wellington NZ
©NIDEA
14