Nano Res.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical
activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron
phosphate intermediates
Jonathan M. Patete1,§, Megan E. Scofield1,§, Vyacheslav Volkov2, Christopher Koenigsmann1, Yiman Zhang1,
Amy C. Marschilok1,3, Xiaoya Wang1,4, Jianming Bai5, Jinkyu Han2, Lei Wang1, Feng Wang4, Yimei Zhu2,
Jason A. Graetz4,†, and Stanislaus S. Wong1,2 ()
1
Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences Department, Building 480, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA
4
Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Building 815, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
5
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Building 741, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
†
Present address: Sensors and Materials Laboratory, HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, CA 90265-4797, USA
§
These authors contributed equally to this work.
2
Supporting information to DOI 10.1007/s12274-015-0763-5
Figure S1 SEM image of amorphous FePO4 particles synthesized by precipitation (a). Elemental analysis of amorphous FePO4 particles
by EDAX. The Si signal can be ascribed to the underlying wafer (b).
Address correspondence to [email protected], [email protected]
Nano Res.
Figure S2 Representative SEM images of amorphous FePO4 nanowires isolated from the 200 nm sized pores of a PC template after 1
(a), 6 (b), 12 (c), and 24 h (d) of reaction time, respectively.
Figure S3 A representative SEM image of amorphous FePO4 nanowires isolated from a 50 nm pore size template (a) is highlighted along
with the corresponding EDAX analysis shown in (b). Analogous representative SEM image of amorphous FePO4 nanowires isolated
from a 200 nm pore size template (c) is illustrated along with the corresponding EDAX analysis shown in (d).
| www.editorialmanager.com/nare/default.asp
Nano Res.
Figure S4 Representative SEM images of amorphous chemically lithiated LFP particles (a), LFP nanowires produced from 50 nm
pore-sized templates (b), and LFP nanowires produced from 200 nm pore-sized templates (c).
Figure S5 (a) Dark field image of 50 nm LiFePO4 NWs. The inset is associated with the boxed area 2 in the main image. (b) An
experimental diffraction pattern (DP), corresponding to the inset of (a). The lower right-hand inset for the recorded ED pattern illustrates
a rotationally averaged ring pattern, overlaid with a theoretical fringe pattern of LiFePO4 (Pnma) for several d-spacings (JCPDS
#83-2092), as shown by cross-like fine fringes, labeled by the word “theory”. For the sake of clarity, only the first seven rings are
indexed with d-space fringes.
www.theNanoResearch.com∣www.Springer.com/journal/12274 | Nano
Research
Nano Res.
Figure S6 (a) A low magnification HRTEM image corresponding to nanowires produced from 200 nm pore size diameter PC templates.
(b) A magnified HRTEM image corresponding to 200 nm diameter nanowires, demonstrating the presence of anisotropic growth along
the a-direction. (c) Magnified (1.4 x) image of an experimental DP for the 200 nm LiFePO4 nanowires, as compared with an overlay of a
theoretical DP (i.e. the dark-colored square) associated with the [011] zone of a LiFePO4 (Pnma) thin crystal, thereby confirming an
a-axis growth direction. (d) A low-index [010] zone of LiFePO4.
Figure S7 Electrochemical cycling of 200 nm LiFePO4 nanowires. The charge-discharge curve is plotted as a function of time.
Figure S8 Electrochemical cycling of Li/FePO4 cells containing bulk-like FePO4 material under 0.018 mA/cm2 rate. Specific capacities
for discharge and charge are shown as a function of cycle number.
| www.editorialmanager.com/nare/default.asp
Nano Res.
Figure S9 Electrochemical cycling of Li/FePO4 cells, containing bulk-like FePO4 material under 0.018 mA/cm2 rate and a 2.0–3.6 V
potential window. The charge-discharge curve is plotted as a function of cycling time.
Figure S10 Electrochemical cycling of Li/FePO4 cells under a rate of 0.018 mA/cm2 and a 2.0–3.6 V potential window. Specific
capacities for discharge and charge are shown as a function of cycle number for bulk-like (black) FePO4 material (a), and nanowires of
(red) FePO4 material (b).
www.theNanoResearch.com∣www.Springer.com/journal/12274 | Nano
Research