DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES.
DOW INSTITUTE OF RADIOLOGY.
SIX MONTHS BASIC CERTIFICATE COURSE IN
ULTRASONOLOGY
Introduction:
Ultrasound is an evolving technology with wide spectrum application throughout medical
and surgical practice. We at Dow Rad, Dow Diagnostic Complex, Dow University of
Health Sciences believe that medical practitioners apart from Radiologist should
develop skills in the performance of ultrasound.
The programme encourages Medical Ultrasound practitioners to develop their practice
by reviewing and evaluating both existing and emerging knowledge. There are core and
optional clinical modules, with the option to exit at PG Certificate or Diploma level, or
undertake a dissertation for the MSc award.
Program Length:
SIX Months (24weeks).
Eligibility:
Minimum requirement MBBS with house job in Medicine/Surgery and current PMDC
certification.
Selection Criteria:
Applicants will be assessed against the following Selection Criteria:
 Candidates have to pass the mandatory entrance MCQ test.
 Research experience
 Psychosocial medical experience
 Teaching and leadership experience
 Referee reports
Awards:
6 months Certificate in Ultrasonology
Timing of Training:
Monday till Friday: 9 AM till 01 PM
Methodology:
Lectures, power point presentations and case study discussions, skills training and
demonstration and audio/visual aid
Evaluation:
Students will receive a certificate for this course. Methods of evaluation, although
determined by the individual lecturer/instructor, should include some combination of the
following:
1. Comprehensive Review of Ultrasonography and related topics -------2. Ultrasonography Clinical Practicum ----------------------------------------
40%
60%
Internal Evaluation--------------------------------- 20%
Midterm----------------------------------------------- 20%
Terminal---------------------------------------------- 60%
Total-------------------------------------------------- 100%
COURSE FEE: PKR 80,000 INCLUDING ENROLLMENT AND ADMISSION FEE
CURRICULUM:
PHYSICS:
A . Pulse echo imaging & signal processing
Understand the principles of:
 Imaging, e.g. reflection & transmission of sound waves, B-mode and Mmode scanning, axial and lateral resolution, grey-scale, dynamic range,
frame rates, persistence, harmonics
 Instrumentation
 Overall gain, Time Gain Compensation, digital processing, pre- and
postprocessing, compound imaging, display systems
 Real time systems
B. Transducers
Understand and describe the principles of:
 Piezoelectric effect
 Design & construction of transducers
 Pulse operation
 Pulse shape & length
 Frequency spectrum
 Beam pattern
 Transducer planes
 Near & far field
 Beam width
 Focusing
C. Scanning techniques
 Understand the principles of transabdominal, transvaginal, and transrectal
scanning techniques
 Understand the significance and use of protective barriers for endoscanning
D. Measurement
Understand and describe:
 Linear, area and volume measurements
 Limitations, equipment and performance testing
 Interobserver and intraobserver error
 The use of tissue phantoms
E. Image recording and storing
Understand the modalities for archiving
F. Doppler imaging
Understand the principles of:
 Doppler Effect, including the derivation of basic Doppler formula
• Pulsed Doppler instrumentation
• Continuous wave Doppler
• Basic principles
• Range ambiguity
• Spectral analysis
• Display and recording of Doppler signals
• Colour flow mapping of Doppler signals
• Power Doppler
• Understand the limitations of velocity measurement
G. Artefacts
• Axial resolution
• Lateral resolution
• Reverberation
• Refraction
• Attenuation, shadowing, enhancement
• Beam width
• Side lobes
• Electronic noise
• Instrumentation
• Scanning techniques
• Equipment settings
Obstetric Ultrasound:
Placenta & Umbilical Cord
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Thickness
Placental Grading
Variants
Placental Infarcts & tumors
Anatomy of Umbilical cord
Subchorionic Hematomas
Retroplacental Hemorrhage
Uterine Contractions
Placenta Previa /Abruptio
First Trimester Ultrasound
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Basic parameters & measurements
Gestational Sac
Yolk sac
Ectopic & its types
Abortion
Hydatidiform Mole
Twin Gestations
o
o
o
o
o
o
Amnionicity
Chorionicity
Characterstic evaluation in Various Trimesters
Complications
Twin to twin transfusion syndrome
Growth Assessment
Fetal Cranial Malformations
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Normal fetal head
Anencephaly
Ventriculomegaly
Hydrocephalus
Hydraencephaly
Microcephaly
Holoproscencephaly
Cephalocele & Encephalocele
Dandy Walker Malformations
Mega cisterna Magna
Facial Malformations
o
o
o
o
o
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Hypotelorism
Hypertelorism
Fetal Spine
o
o
o
o
o
o
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Neural Tube defects
Diastematomyelia
Charactersitc Signs
Cystic Hygroma
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Fetal Thoracic structures
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Normal Cardiac Anatomy & 4 Chamber view
Hydrops Fetalis
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Sequestration
Cysts & Pleural Effusions
o Pulmonary Hypoplasia
o
o
o
o
o
GI Malformations
Liver:
o calcifications & pseudoascites
Oesophagus & Stomach:
o Gastric pseudomass, Small stomach, Oesophageal
Atresia
Small Bowel:
o Duodenal, Jujenal & Ileal Atresia
Large Bowel:
o Anorectal Atresia Meconium Ileus, Meconium
Perotinitits, Hyperechoic Bowel
Wall Defects:
o Omphalocele & Gastroschicis
Fetal GUT Anomalies
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Assessment of Fetal Kidneys
Importance of visualization of fetal UB
Renal Agenesis
Posterior Urethral Valves
Infantile polycystic kidney disease
Enlarged Fetal Kidneys
Dysplastic Kidneys
Prune Belly Syndrome
Multicystic Kidneys
Megacalices & Megaureters
Fetal Adrenals
Bony Dysplasias
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Technique of Scanning, Imaging & views
Parameters
Micromelia
Demineralization & Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Achondrogenesis
Thanatophoric Dwarfism
Clvoerleaf Skull
Segmentataion Defects
Polydactyly
Club foot
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Gynaecological Ultrasound:
Uterine Imaging:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Imaging technique, basic anatomy & views
Age related uterine growth & involution
Endometrium
Uterine orientation
Normal Uterine variants
Imperforate Hymen
Uterine Fibroids
Adenomyosis
Endometrial Polyp
Carcinoma of Endometrium
IUCD
Introduction to Hysterosonogram
o
o
o
o
Normal Anatomy & measurements
Vasa previa
Cervical Incompetence
Neoplastic Lesions
Cervix
Ovaries:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Imaging technique, basic anatomy & views
Age related ovarian changes & involution
Follicles & cysts
Hemorrhagic cysts
Hyper stimulation syndrome
Dermoid Tumors
Endometriosis
Hydrosalpinx
Ovarian Neoplams
ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND
Imaging Of liver







Technique of scanning & views
Understanding of segmental anatomy
Benign and malignant lesions
Hepatitis
Infiltrative Disorders
Chronic Liver Disease
Portal Hypertension










Scanning Technique & views
Basic Anatomy
Normal Variants
Cholelithiasis
Sludge
Acute and chronic Cholecystitis
GB masses & Carcinoma
Polyp
Adenomyosis
Porcelain GB
Gall Bladder
Imaging of Biliary Tract







Technique of scanning & views
Basic Anatomy
Obstructive changes
Choledocholithiasis
Cholangioncarcinoma
Choedochal Cysts
Mirrizi Syndrome


Technique of Scanning & views
Basic Anatomy
Kidneys








Cysts & their follow ups
Polycystic kidneys
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrocalcinosis
Hydronephrosis & Grading
Benign lesions
Malignant lesions
Scanning of Adrenals







Imaging technique, basic anatomy & views
Acute Pancreatitis
Pseudocyst formation
Chronic Pancreatitis
Carcinoma of Pancreas
Metastatic Disease
Other neoplasms
Pancreas
Imaging of Spleen








Imaging technique, basic anatomy & views
Splenomegaly
Cysts
Aneurysms
Focal Lesions
Traumatic Rupture
Splenic Variants
Infarcts
Imaging of Aorta & IVC




Imaging technique, basic anatomy & views
Aortic Dissection
Aortic Aneurysm
IVC Thrombosis


Bladder; Imaging technique, basic anatomy & views
Wall thickening
Bladder




Neoplasms
Vesical Calculi
Diverticulum
Ureterocele