{edmOr {díd{dX²`mc`, H$moëhmnwa
_hmamîQ´>
Xya {ejU H|$Ð
~r. E. ^mJ-3 qhXr
{dYm {deof H$m AÜ``Z
(e¡{jH$ df©
2015-16
gÌ-5 nona 7
go)
gÌ
5
: BH$mB©
1
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m n[aM`
AZwH«$_
1.1
CX²Xoí` Ÿ&
1.2
àñVmdZm Ÿ&
1.3
{df` {ddoMZ Ÿ&
1.3.1.
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m OrdZ n[aM` Ÿ&
1.3.2.
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m ì`pŠVËd Ÿ&
1.3.3.
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m H¥${VËd Ÿ&
1.3.4.
CnÝ`mgH$ma H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Ÿ&
1.4
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ Ÿ&
1.5
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW© Ÿ&
1.6
ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Ÿ&
1.7
gmam§e
1.8
ñdmÜ`m` Ÿ&
1.9
joÌr` H$m`© Ÿ&
1.10
A{V[aº$ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE Ÿ&
1.1
CX²Xoí` Bg BH$mB© H$mo nT>Zo Ho$ ~mX Amn -
1
~r.E.^mJ
3
qhXr nona 7/1
1.
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Ho$ ì`pŠVËd Ed§ H¥${VËd go n[a{MV hm| OmE§Jo Ÿ&
2. H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Ho$ AmË_{Z^©a Ed§ {ddoH$nyU© CnÝ`mgH$ma Ho$ ê$n go n[a{MV hmo OmE§Jo Ÿ&
1.2 àñVmdZm :
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr dV©_mZ `wJ _| qhXr gm{hË` joÌ _| g~go A{YH$ M{M©V _{hbm gm{hË`H$ma ahr h¡ Ÿ&
[h§Xr g_rjH$m| H$s Ñ{ï> go H¥$îUm Or Ho$db Zmar {d_e© H$s aMZmH$ma Z ahH$a A{Ib _mZd OrdZ H$s ghr
ì`m»`m àñVwV H$aZodmbr EH$ loð>Îm_ aMZmH$ma h¢ Ÿ& BÝht {dMmam| H$s PbH$ CZHo$ CnÝ`mg, H$hmZr, g_rjm,
[anmoVm©O Am{X {dYmAm| _| {_bVr h¡ Ÿ& AmO nwao {díd _| _Zwî` H$m OrdZ nyar Vah go ~Xb MwH$m h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s
Amdí`H$VmE±, g_mO, amï´>, Y_© Am{X Ho$ à{V XoIZo H$m ZO[a`m ~Xb J`m h¡ Ÿ& _mZmo AmO {díd _| _Zwî`
`§ÌdV {dH$mg Ho$ nrN>o ^mJ ahm h¡ Ÿ& {díd AZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| go {Kam hþAm ZOa AmVm h¡ Ÿ& dV©_mZ _|
gmåàXm{`H$Vm Ed§ AmV§H$dmX H$s g_ñ`mAm|Zo J§^ra ê$n YmaU H$a {b`m h¡ Ÿ& {Oggo _mZd Om{V ^`^rV
hmo MwH$s h¡ Ÿ& BZ gmar g_ñ`mAm| Zo ^maVr` g_mO H$mo ImoIbm ~Zm {X`m h¡ & H¥$îUm Or Zo gmåàXm{`H$Vm
Ed§ AmV§H$dmX H$s g_ñ`mAm| H$m {MV«U ~S>r ~o~mH$s go {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
1.3 {df` {ddoMZ :
{df` {ddoMZ Ho$ A§VJ©V h_ H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m OrdZ n[aM`, ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ nhby, Zm¡H$ar, nwañH$ma,
H¥${VËd Ed§ EH$ gO©H$ CnÝ`mgH$ma H$m {dñVma go n[aM` àmá H$ao§J| Ÿ&
1.3.1. H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m OrdZ n[aM` :
8 AŠVy~a 1934 H$mo amOñWmZ Ho$ Zgram~mX _| H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr hm OÝ_ hþAm Ÿ& H¥$îUm H$s _mVm Zo
J^©dVr AdñWm _|o ^r ñdV§ÌVm g§J«m_ _| {hñgm {b`m Wm Ÿ& em`X `ht go H¥$îUm Ho$ _Z _| {dÐmohr ^md ^a
{X`o JE Ÿ& H¥$îUm H$m Zm_ _mohZr aIm J`m Wm na§Vw CZH$s ~wAm X²dmam CÝh| H¥$îUm Zm_ {X`m J`m Ÿ& "H¥$îUm'
Zm_ bmoH$JrV VWm Xoe^{º$ go OwS>m hþAm h¡ Bgr dOh go Hw$N> bmoH$ CÝh| "{H$Þm' ^r nwH$maVo Wo Ÿ& H¥$îUm OÝ_
go amOñWmZ H$s bo{H$Z nbr-~T>r _Ü`àXoe I§S>dm _| Ÿ&
~wAm Ho$ ~wbmZo na {nVmOr amOñWmZ go Xmo gmb H$s ~ƒr H¥$îUm H$mo boH$a I§S>dm _| AmH$a ~g JE Ÿ& H¥$îUm
H$m ~MnZ JUoe VbmB© _| ~rVm Ÿ& _m± H$_©R>, na§namdmXr {dMmam| H$s ór Wr Ÿ& _m± H$s H$R>mao Vm Ho$ H$maU CZH$m
~MnZ X~m-KwQ>m hr ahm Ÿ& CZH$m Ka h_oem bmoJm| go ^am - ^am ahVm & EH$Ì n[adma H$s dOh go Ka Ho$ hr Hw$N>
nwê$f {aíVoXmam| Am¡a Zm¡H$am| go hr CÝh| ~MnZ _| hr J§Xo AZw^dm| H$m gm_Zm H$aZm nS>m Ÿ& _m± go S>aVr H¥$îUm AnZr
ì`Wm _m± H$mo Zht ~Vm nmVr Ÿ& Ka H$s ~S>r ~ƒr hmoZo Ho$ H$maU _m± N>mQo >o ~ƒm| H$s {Oå_oXmar CZna hr S>mb XoVr
Wr Ÿ& n[adma H$s {Oå_oXmar CR>mZodmbr, ~m{bH$m H¥$îUm n[a{ñW{Vde ~S>r hmo JB© Ÿ&
H¥$îUm H$m OÝ_ H$mÝ`-Hw$ãO ~«m÷U n[adma _| hþAm Ÿ& _m± hram_{U Ho$ H$R>moa ì`dhma Ho$ H$maU H¥$îUm
g§Kf©erb ~Zr Ÿ& ~oQ>r Ho$ OÝ_ Ho$ níMmV {nVmOr H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V _| gwYma Am`m Wm Ÿ& n[adma Ho$ {bE
H¥$îUm ^m½`embr _mZr JB© Ÿ& CZH$s _m± Mm¡Wr H$jm VH$ nT>r Wr Ÿ& ào_M§X, ^JdVrMaU d_m©, adtÐZmW H$s
aMZmAm| _| do {deof ê${M boVr Wr Ÿ&
2
H¥$îUm Ho$ OÝ_ Ho$ g_` CZHo$ {nVmOr Zgram~mX _| EH$ N>moQ>r Zm¡H$ar H$aVo Wo Ÿ& H¥$îUm Ho$ {nVm n§. am_M§Ð
{Vdmar H$m OrdZ g§Kf©nyU© ahm Ÿ& _°{Q´>H$ Ho$ níMmV H¥$îUm H$mo B§{OZr`[a¨J {S>ßbmo_m Ho$ {bE ZmJnwa ^oOm J`m
Ÿ& Ohm± CÝhm|Zo EH$ g_` MZo ImH$a AnZr nT>mB© nyar H$s Ÿ& {nVmOr Zo AO_oa Ho$ {H$gr J°aoO _| Añgr ê$n`o
H$s Zm¡H$ar H$aHo$ AnZr J¥hñWr g±^mbr Wr Ÿ& do EH$ à{V{ð>V g_mOgodr ^r Wo Ÿ& H¥$îUm ^r h[aOZ, H$hma,
~gmoS>, _hma Am{X H$s godm _| aV Wr Ÿ& AV: H¥$îUm H$mo g_mO H$mo {ZH$Q> go XoIZo H$m Adga àmá hþAm Ÿ&
H¥$îUm na _mVm-{nVm Ho$ _mZdVmdmXr g§ñH$ma {XImB© XoVo h¡§ Ÿ&
H¥$îUm na {nVm H$m ñZoh OmXm Wm Ÿ& CZHo$ _Z _| Hw$N> ~ZZo H$s AmH$m§jm nZnVr JB© Ÿ& {nVmOr CÝh|
EH$ g_mO godr S>m°ŠQ>a ~ZmZm MmhVo Wo Ÿ& CZHo$ {nVmOr Zo hma_mo{Z`_, {gVma Am{X H$bmAm| H$m kmZ H$amZo
hoVw AbJ AbJ Jwê$Am| H$s {Z`w{º$ H$s Wr Ÿ& {\$a H¥$îUm Zo qhXr _| E_. E. VWm A§J«oOr _o§ " ñdmV§Í`moÎma
qhXr H$hmZr' {df` na nrEM.S>r. H$s Cnm{Y àmßV H$s ŸŸ&
gmobh gmb H$s Am`w _| H¥$îUm H$m {ddmh H$mZnwa Ho$ lr gË`Xod A{¾hmoÌr Ho$ gmW hþAm Ÿ& nwamVZ
g§ñH$ma`wº$ n[adma _| CZH$m OrdZ X~m-KwQ>m hr ahm Ÿ& dhm± CZH$m ì`{º$Ëd Zht {Ibm Ÿ& CZHo$ n{V {S>ßQ>r
H$bŠQ>a Wo Ÿ& na§Vw WmoS>o hr {XZm| _| gwam Am¡a gw§Xar Ho$ H$maU Zm¡H$ar go hmW Ymo ~¡R>o Ÿ& H¥$îUm H$m ggwamb _|o
OrZm Am¡a H${R>Z hmo J`m Ÿ& A{¾hmoÌr _mZ{gH$ g§VwbZ Imo ~¡R>o Ÿ& gmg Ho$ X²dmam `mVZm Am¡a Ka _| gå_mZ
àmá Z hmoZo H$s dOh go H¥$îUm Zo AmË_{Z^©a ~ZZo H$m {ZU©` {b`m Ÿ& Bg{bE dh AnZo {nVm Ho$ Ka bm¡Q> Am`r
Ÿ& n{V Ho$ {~Zm Iw~gwaV AHo$br _{hbm H$m OrZm Xw^©a hmo J`m Ÿ& Omo ^r XoIVm, Cgo nmZo H$s bbH$ {Z_m©U
hmo OmVr Wr Ÿ& Eogo _| Mma ~ƒm| Ho$ {nVm lrH$m§V OmoJ go H¥$îUm Zo {ddmh H$a {b`m Ÿ& {ddmh Ho$ níMmV WmoS>o
{XZm| _| hr lrH$m§V Or Zo AnZr Ag{b`V {XImZm ewê$ {H$`m Ÿ& H¥$îUm Or Zo CZgo ^r ZmVm VmoS> {X`m Ÿ& {ddmh
_mZmo CZHo$ {bE ÌmgXr h¡ Omo H$^r g\$b Zht ~Zm Ÿ&
AnZr BH$bm¡Vr ~oQ>r Zrhma {JVo H$s _m°§ VWm {nVm XmoZm| {Oå_oXm[a`m§ CÝhm|Zo {Z^m`r Ÿ& ~oQ>r JwOamVr H$Ý`m
_hm{dX²`mb` B§Xm¡a _| AÜ`m{nH$m H$m H$m_ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&
H¥$îUm Or Zo AnZo OrdZ Ho$ `WmW© AZw^dm| Ho$ ~b na gm{hË` g¥OZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Mm¡Xh df© H$s Am`w
VH$ CÝhm|Zo am_M[aV_mZg, JrVm, gË`mW© àH$me, _hm^maV B{Vhmg, eaVM§Ð, ~§{H$_M§Ð, ào_M§X, adr§ÐZmW
Q>°Jmoa Am{X H$s aMZmAm| H$m AÜ``Z {H$`m Wm Ÿ& gmVdt H$jm _| nhþ±MZo VH$ AnZr _Z H$s gh_r, X~r
^mdZmE± dh H$mJO na CVmaZo bJr, AnZo _Z H$s ~mV|, X~r BÀN>m H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo H$m gmYZ gm{hË` ahm
h¡, dhr g~H$m gmWr ~ZVm h¡, {H$gr H$m gmW N>moS>Vm Zht Ÿ& `h H$WZ H¥$îUmOr Ho$ gm{hË` àoaUm Ho$ {bE
ghr bJVm h¡ Ÿ&
H¥$îUm Or Ho$ gm{hË` H$mo {d{dY gå_mZm| go Jm¡admpÝdV {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& amï´>^mfm àMma g{_Vr, ^monmb
_Ü`àXoe boIH$ g§K, ^monmb, Aja gm{hË` g§_obZ, ^monmb, aËZ^maVr nwañH$ma, nÞmbmb nwañH$ma Am{X
gm{hpË`H$ nwañH$mam| go CÝh| {d^y{fV {H$`m J`m h¡ &
3
1.3.2
H¥$îUm A[¾hmoÌr H$m ì`pŠVËd :
H¥$îUm Or Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ nhbw Ho$ Ñ{ï> go CZH$m ì`{º$Ëd grYm-gmXm hr ahm h¡ Ÿ& ImZ-nmZ grYmgmXm gab h¡ Ÿ& g§JrV _| ê${M, {\$ë_| XoIZm CÝh| ng§X h¡ Ÿ& Ym{_©H$ VWm AmÜ`pË_H$Vm CZHo$ OrdZ H$m EH$
A§J ahm h¡ Ÿ&
H¥$îUm Or ñnï>dº$m ahr h¡ Ÿ& AnZo {dMmam| H$mo ñnï> ê$n go ~VmZodmbr ahr h¡ Ÿ& AnZo BÝht ad¡`o go H$^r
H$^r AmË_r`OZm| go ZmamOJr ^r boZr nS>r h¡ Ÿ& XmoñVr _| ^r CZH$s ñnï> _mÝ`VmE± h¢ Ÿ& do H$hVr h¡, XmoñVr _|
C_« H$s _`m©Xm Zht hmoVr, ha Om{V, ha Am`w Ho$ {_Ì hmo gH$Vo h¢, XmoñVr _| A_rar, Jar~r Zht AmVr Ÿ& _wPo XmoñVr
{Z^mZo H$m em¡H$ h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ~MnZ go hr JbV H$m {damoY hr {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Bgr Vah go ~S>r ZrS>aVm go CÝhm|Zo AnZr
AmË_H$Wm {bIr h¡ Ÿ& Anma gmhg Ho$ gmW CÝhm|Zo AHo$bo gm{hË` boIZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& boIZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr gm{hpË`H$
JwQ>~m{O`m|, Xb~§{X`m| Ed§ g§Km| go ghm`Vm Zht br Ÿ& AnZr _m¡{bH$Vm, ñWm{nV H$aZo _| do g[H«$` ahr h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s
aMZmAm| _|o OrdZ H$s `WmW©Vm Ed§ dmñV{dH$Vm H$m ghr {MÌU hþAm h¡ Ÿ& AnZo bJmVma Vrg gmb Ho$ boIZ _|
à{gÕr Ho$ {bE JbV _mÜ`_ H$m BñVo_mb Zht {H$`m Ÿ&
AnZo AZw^d, g§Kf©aV ì`{º$Ëd Am¡a H$ënZm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go H¥$îUm Or Zo AnZo gm{hË` g¥OZ _|
`WmW©Vm H$mo eãX~Õ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& àH¥${V{MÌU Ho$ A§VJ©V CZH$m Kw_¸$S> ñd^md Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& IoV,
I{bhmZ, noS> nm¡Yo, Am{X àmH¥${VH$ {MÌ H$hm{Z`m| _| geº$Vm go d{U©V hþE h¢ Ÿ& àH¥${V Ho$ Iwbo _mhm¡b
_| Ky_Zodmbr H¥$îUm Or Zo AnZo gm{hË` _| `h {MÌU àg§JmZwHy$b {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& OrdZ H$s KQ>ZmAm| go H¥$îUm
Or [O§Xm{Xb ì`{º$Ëd aIVr h¡ Ÿ& AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo {N>nmZm CZH$s àd¥[Îm Zht h¡ Ÿ& CZHo$ gm{hË` _| Bgr
H$m àË`` AmVm h¡Ÿ&
1.3.3 H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m H¥${VËd
H¥$îUm Or Zo AnZm boIZ H$m`© "Y_©`wJ" go Ama§^ {H$`m Am¡a ~mX _| gm. qhXwñWmZ, gm[aH$m, Z`m
kmZmoX`, ZB© H$hmZr, _Zmoa_m, _m`m, X¡. OmJaU, B§{S>`m Qy>S>o, ZdZrV, h§g Am{X nÌ - n{ÌH$mAm| _| {Za§Va
{bIVr ahr h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo H$hmZr, CnÝ`mg, AmbmoMZm, [anmoVm©O, ~mb gm{hË` Am¡a AmË_H$Wm Am{X AZoH$
{dYmAm| _| boIZr MbmB© h¢ Ÿ& CZH$m gm{hË` - g§gma {ZåZ§m{H$V h¡
CnÝ`mg ~mV EH$ Am¡aV H$s, Q>naodmbo, Hw$_m[aH$mE±, Q>ogy H$s Q>h{Z`m§, ~m¡Zr naN>mB`m±, A{^foH$, {ZîH¥${V,
Zrbmo\$a, ZmZr Aå_m _mZ ^r OmAmo, _¢ AnamYr hy±, OmoYm-_ram, ~rÎmm ^a H$s N>moH$ar, AmZm Bg Xoe Ÿ&
H$hmZr Q>rZ Ho$ Kao, Znw§gH$, {damgV, nmag, OrZm-_aZm, `mhr ~Zmagr a§J~m, J{b`mao, Š`m O_t h¡ XmoñVm|,
O¡ {g`mam_, n§N>r qnOao Ho$, Xygar Am¡aV, qOXm AmX_r, gn©X§e, _mZ _r Om gm§Pr, AnZo-AnZo Hw$ê$joÌ Ÿ&
g_rjm J«§W - ñdmV§Í`moÎma qhXr H$hmZr Ÿ&
àm¡T> nwñVH|$ - J«m_ go{dH$m, godm Ho$ _moVr Ÿ&
4
[anmoVm©O - ^rJo _Z arVo _Z Ÿ&
AmË_H$Wm - bJVm Zht h¡ {Xb _oam, Am¡a Am¡a Am¡aV... Ÿ&
~mb gm{hË` - AnZm hmW OJÞmW, g_` H$s H$s_V, Ajam| H$s hS>Vmb, EH$ Wm am°~r, gy`©Vnm, JwbJwbo
Am{X Ÿ&
1.3.4 CnÝ`mgH$ma H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Zo A~ VH$ H$hmZr, CnÝ`mg, AmË_H$Wm, [anmoVm©O, ~mb-gm{hË` Am{X {dYmAm| _|
AnZr boIZr MbmB© h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo A~ VH$ ~mah CnÝ`mg {bIo h¡§ Ÿ& Eogm _mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ ór bo{IH$m {g\©$
Zmar OrdZ H$hmZr {bIVr h¡ Ÿ& Zmar g_ñ`m H$mo nwê$f àYmZ g_mO Ho$ gm_Zo aIZo H$m à`mg H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& H¥$îUm
Or Zo Zmar {MÌU Ho$ gmW gmW g_H$mbrZ g_mO Ho$ ~XbVo dmVmdaU, _mZdr` _yë`m| H$m VWm {díd ñVa
na nZn aho AmV§H$dmX, gmåàXm{`H$Vm Ed§ ^y_§S>brH$aU Ho$ Xwîn[aUm_m| H$m boIm-OmoIm AnZo CnÝ`mgm| _|
{M{ÌV H$aZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& _Zwî` H$m g_mO, amï´>, Y_© Am{X Ho$ à{V XoIZo H$m ZO[a`m ~Xb J`m
h¡, _Zwî` `§ÌdV OrdZ Or ahm h¡, Amngr X²dof, _V^oX ~T>Vo Om aho h¡§ Ÿ& AZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| go {Kam _Zwî`
^`^rV h¢, AmV§{H$V h¡, EH$-Xygao na H$m {dídmg CS> J`m h¡ Ÿ& Zmar, X{bV, Am{Xdmgr Ed§ {ZåZ-_Ü`
dJ© H$s g_ñ`mE± {XZm|{XZ ~T>Vr Om ahr h¢ Ÿ& Eogo g_` _| EH$ g¥OZerb _mZdr` g§doXZmAm| ^ar H¥$îUm Or
H¡$go VQ>ñW ah gH$Vr h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ha EH$ g_ñ`m H$mo AnZo AbJ-AbJ CnÝ`mgm| _| ~S>r `WmW© Am¡a ~o~mH$s
go {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& H¥$îUmOr Ho$ ~mao _| à_rbm Mm¡ao H$hVr h¡, ""à»`mV CnÝ`mg bo{IH$m - amï´>r` ñVa
na geº$ H$WmH$ma h¡ Ÿ& {OZHo$ H$WmZH$ H$s ~wZmdQ>, VmZm-~mZm ~S>r ~m[a{H$`m§ dmbm aoe_r YmJm| go ~rZm
hþAm gw§Xa AmH¥${Vdmbm h¡ Ÿ& ghO Am¡a `WmW©dmXr boIZ BZH$s EH$ Am¡a {deofVm h¡ Ÿ& boIZ H$s e¡br Ymam
àdmh H$WmZH$ H$mo ha dº$ à^m{dV H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& {~Zm WHo$ g§nyU© gm{hË` _| Zmar emofU Ho$ {Ibm\$ AmdmO
CR>mB© h¡ Am¡a Zmar H$mo PH$Pmoam h¡ Ÿ&""
1.4 ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ
1.
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m OÝ_ amOñWmZ Ho$. . . . . . . . Jm§d _| hþhm Ÿ&
1. Zgram~mX
2. Agrg~mX
3. g_ram~mX
4. A_rZmZJa
2.
H¥$îUm Or H$mo H¥$îUm `h Zm_ . . . . . . Zo {X`m Wm Ÿ&
1. _m±
2. {nVmOr
3. ~wAm
4. \y$\$m
3.
H¥$îUm Or H$s _mVmOr H$m Zm_ . . . . . h¡ Ÿ&
1. {ham_Ur
2. _mo{hZrXodr
3. Vmam_Vr
4. ho_Xodr
4. $ H¥$îUm Or Ho$ n{V H$m Zm_ . . . . . . Wm Ÿ&
1. aËZHw$_ma
2. gË`Xod
3. am_Xod
4. amYmH¥$îU
5
5.
H¥$îUm Or Zo . . . . . . . go nwZ{d©dmh {H$`m Wm Ÿ&
1. lrH$m§V
2. {hambmb
3. aËZHw$_ma
4. gË`Xod
1.5
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©
H$mÝ` - Hw$ãO - EH$ àmMrZ OZnX, H$mÝ` Hw$ãO
(H$Þm¡O) joÌ H$m {Zdmgr Ÿ&
Kwå_H$S> - `m`mda, ~hþV Kw_ZodmbmŸ&
I{bhmZ - H$mQ>r hþB© \$gb H$m T>oa bJmZm Ÿ&
1.6
1.7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.8
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.9
1.
2.
ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
1. Zgram~mX
2. ~wAm
4. gË`Xod
5. lrH$m§V
3.
{ham_{U
gmam§e :
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr AmYw{ZH$ qhXr _{hbm aMZmH$mam| _| geº$ aMZmH$ma h¡ Ÿ&
nm[adm[aH$ g§Kf© Ho$ ~mdOyX ^r CZH$m ì`{º$Ëd C^aH$a AmVm h¡ Ÿ&
gm{hË` g¥OZ H$s XoZ {damgV go àmá Z hmoVo hþE ^r dh g¥OZerb gm{hË`H$ma ~Zr h¡ Ÿ&
gmXm OrdZ Am¡a Cƒ {dMma Ho$ AZwgma AnZm OrdZ `mnZ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&
H¥$îUm Or Ho$ AZwgma OrdZ g§Kf© gOrd Ed§ MoVZm H$m àVrH$ h¡, Bg{bE AnZo ApñVËd H$s ajm H$aZo
_| H${R>Z n[al_ H$aVr h¡ Ÿ&
H¥$îUm Or H$mo AZoH$ nwañH$mam| go gå_m{ZV {H$`m J`m h¡, Omo CZHo$ {bE àoaUmómoV ~ZH$a AmJo {bIZo
Ho$ {bE gMoV H$aVo h¢ Ÿ&
ñdmÜ`m` :
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m OrdZ n[aM` {b{IE Ÿ&
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ ~mao _| OmZH$mar {b{IE Ÿ&
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m H¥${VËd Ÿ&
CnÝ`mgH$ma H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Ÿ&
joÌr` H$m`© :
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Ho$ OrdZ n[aM` na _amR>r _| M[aÌn«YmZ {Z~§Y {b{IE Ÿ&
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Ho$ g_H$mbrZ _amR>r _{hbm CnÝ`mgH$mam| Ho$ CnÝ`mgm| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE Ÿ&
6
1.10
1.
2.
3.
4.
A{V[aº$ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE Ÿ&
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr : g§nyU© gm{hË` H$m _yë`m§H$Z - S>m°. Zrhma {JVo
qhXr AmË_H$Wm - S>m°. g{dVm qgh
bJVm Zht h¡ {Xb _oam - H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr
Am¡a Am¡a Am¡aV. . . - H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr
7
gÌ 5 : BH$mB© 2
"AmZm Bg Xoe' - H$WmdñVw Ed§ erf©H$
AZwH«$_ :
2.1
CX²Xoí`Ÿ&
2.2
àñVmdZm &
2.3
{df` - {ddoMZŸ&
2.3.1
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw &
2.3.2
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$m erf©H$ &
2.4
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ&
2.5
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©&
2.6
ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma&
2.7
gmam§e &
2.8
ñdmÜ`m` &
2.9
joÌr` H$m`© &
2.10
A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE &
8
2.1
CX²>Xoí` :
Bg BH$mB© H$mo nT>Zo na Amn
-
1)
CnÝ`mg {dYm _| àM{bV bKw CnÝ`mg àH$ma H$m kmZ hmoJm &
2)
[h¨Xr gm[hË` _| M{M©V Zmar {d_e© H$s OmZH$mar hmoJr &
3)
AmOmXr Ho$ nyd© ^maVr` n[adoe H$m kmZ hmoJm &
4)
~Q>dmao Ho$ g_` H$s amOZr[VH$, gm_m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{_©H$ pñW[V H$s OmZH$mar {_boJr &
5)
^maV d nm[H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gmåàXm{`H$ VZmd go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
6)
^maV Ho$ à[V nm[H$ñVmZ H$s B©fm©, X²dof, gm_wXm{`H$ g§Kf© Zr{V H$s OmZH$mar hmoJr &
7)
""XmoZm§o _wëH$m| H$s `wdm nrT>r Y_mªYVm H$mo Ë`mJH$a, _Zwî` ~ZH$a _mZdVm H$m ad¡`m AnZmH$a, ^{dî`
_| AnZm IweZw_m OrdZ Or gH|$Jo &'' Bg Vah Ho$ AmedmXr {dMmam| go n[a{MV hm|Jo &
2.2
àñVmdZm :
H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr dV©_mZ `wJrZ [h¨Xr gm[hË` joÌ H$s EH$ à^mdmË_H$ aMZmH$ma _mZr OmVr h¡ &
H$hmZr, CnÝ`mg, AmË_H$Wm, [anmoVm©O, g_rjm, ~mb gm[hË` Am[X {dYmAm| _|o CÝhm|Zo Omo aMZmË_H$
`moJXmZ [X`m h¡ dh AË`§V _hÎdnyU© _mZm OmVm h¡ & A~ VH$ CZHo$ ½`mah CnÝ`mg [h¨Xr CnÝ`mg joÌ
_| àñVwV hþE h¢ & A~ CZH$m ~mahdm§ CnÝ`mg erK« hr àH$m{eV hmoZo dmbm h¡ & CÝhm|Zo AnZo g^r aMZmAm|
_| _mZdVmdmXr {dMmam| Ho$ Ho|$Ð _| aIH$a CZHo$ A{Zdm`©Vm na àH$me S>mbm h¡ & Zmar {d_e©, CZHo$ aMZm
g§gma H$m g~go geº$ _mÜ`_ ahm h¡ & CZHo$ AZwgma Bg ½bmo~bmBPoeZ _| ^r Am¡aV Xþhar {Oå_oXm[a`m±
{Z^mH$a ^r ñdoÀN>m go AnZr Vgã~wamZwgma Hw$N> Zhr§ nm gH$Vr , ñÌr H$s Bgr pñW[V H$m `WmW© {MÌU
AnZr H$hmZr VWm CnÝ`mgmo§ _| hþAm [XImB© XoVm h¡ & àñVwV CnÝ`mg "AmZm Bg Xoe' Bg ~mV H$m geº$
à_mU ahm h¡ & àñVwV CnÝ`mg H$s Zm[`H$m gwa¡æ`m nT>r-{bIr Cƒ {e{jV h¡ & BgHo$ A{V[aº$ dh EH$
OmZr-_mZr JOb Jm{`H$m h¡ & O~ CgH$r emXr H$s OmVr h¡ Vmo CgHo$ n{V H$mo CgH$m gOZm-g§dmaZm VWm
npãbH$ _| OmZm AÀN>m Zht bJVm, Vmo dh _w±h na A°grS> S>mbZo H$s Y_H$s XoVm h¡ & Y_© H$s AmS> _|
IyX Xygar emXr H$aHo$ gwa¡æ`m H$mo `Vr_ ~ZmVm h¡ & ^maV AmZona dh A~ra go ß`ma hr Zhr§ H$aVr Vmo
Cgo AnZm g~ Hw$N> Ý`moÀN>mda H$aHo$ CgHo$ {bE hr OrZm MmhVr h¡ & _Ja h_oem Y_© Ho$ R>oHo$Xma H$m Cgo
S>a gVmVm ahVm h¡ & Bgr S>a Ho$ H$maU dh MmhH$a ^r AnZo [h¨Xÿ ào_r Ho$ gmW Ka ~gmZo H$s [hå_V Zht
H$aVr & Š`m|[H$ dh OmZVr h¡ [H$ dh nm[H$ñVmZr Am¡a Cg na Y_© go _wpñb_ hmoZo go [h¨Xÿ Am¡a _wpñb_
XmoZm| Y_© Ho$ R>oHo$Xma \$Vdo {ZH$mbH$a CZH$m OrZm _wpíH$b H$a X|Jo & `hr H$maU Wm [H$ AnZo ào_ H$s
[h\$mOV H$aVr h¡ & A§V _o _wpñb_ hmoH$a ^r AmV§H$dm[X`m| ìXmam Cgna nmedr ~bmËH$ma hmoVm h¡ & Cg
hmXgo go nmJb hmoH$a gr_m na ^Q>H$Zodmbr gwa¡æ`m H$m A§V hmoVm h¡ & `h XX©ZmH$ H$hmZr H$mo bo{IH$m Zo
9
àñVwV CnÝ`mg _| AË`§V gOrdVm go gmH$ma [H$`m h¡ & BgHo$ A{V[aº$ gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$s S>amdZr
Ame§H$m, gr_m ^mJ _| ahm Aem§V dmVmdaU, ^maV, nm[H$ñVmZ _| àM{bV nrN>bo gmR>-gÎma gmb H$s
gm_m{OH$, amOZr{VH$, Ym{_©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, J{V>{d[Y`m±, ~Q>dmao Ho$ ~wao n[aUm_ Am[X H$m dU©Z AË`§V
VQ>ñWVm go H$aVo hþE BÝgm{Z`V Am¡a _mZdVm H$m [aíVm XmoZm| Xoemo§ ghrV {dídñVa na EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ ~rM
{Z_m©U H$aZo H$m Am¡a ^{dî` _| `hr B§gm{Z`V H$m {dMma {dH$[gV hmoZo H$m AmemdmX àñVwV CnÝ`mg _|
bo{IH$m H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr Zo ì`º$ [H$`m h¡ &
2.3.1
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw :
"$AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg Ho$db AmH$ma H$s Ñ[ï go bKw h¡ [H$ÝVw Ame` H$s Ñ[ï go XoIo Vmo `h EH$
{dembH$m` _hmJ«§W h¡ Am¡a {df` H$s Ñ{ï> go XoIo Vmo `h EH$ CƒñVar` AmXe© aMZm h¡ {Og_o§ _Zwî` H$mo
Om{V, Y_©, gåàXm`, dU©^oX, qbJ^oX H$s gr_mAm| H$mo VmoS>H$a _Zwî` ~ZH$a ahZo H$s, EH$ Xygao Ho$ à{V
g_{n©V ^md go ì`dhma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Ho$db àmoËgm[hV hr Zht [H$`m h¡ Vmo bo{IH$m h_o d¡go ahZo Ho$ {bE
ghr _mJ©Xe©Z H$aVr hþB© [XImB© XoVr h¡ &
"AmZm Bg Xoe' Bg bKw CnÝ`mg H$s H$Wm H$m VmZm-~mZm bo{IH$mZo ~S>r ghOVm go ~wZm h¡ & Bg_|
{M{ÌV à_wI H$Wm _ybV: EH$ ào_H$hmZr h¡ & Cg ào_H$hmZr Ho$ Amgnmg bo{IH$mZo {OZ M[aÌm§o H$m,
KQ>ZmAm| H$m, AmMma-{dMma Am¡a g§ñH$mamo H$m Omo VmZm-~mZm h¡, dh ~oOmoS> h¡ & {Oggo h_o h_mao Xoe
_| nrN>bo n¢gR>> gmb _| K[Q>V amOZr[VH$, gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am¡a ^m¡{VH$ OrdZ Ho$ joÌ H$m
Eo{Vhm{gH$ kmZ ^br ^m±[V> hmo OmVm h¡ & gmW hr gmW Bg ~mV H$m ^r kmZ hmoVm h¡ [H$ nrN>bo n¢gR> gmb
_o§ h_mao Xoe H$m Omo {dH$mg hþAm h¡ dh {dH$mg _mÌ O§Jb VmoS>H$a {g_|Q> H$m {dH$mg hþAm h¡ & Z h_
~Xbo h¢ Z h_go AbJ hþAm nS>mogr _wëH$ nm[H$ñVmZr ~Xbm h¡ & Z h_Zo AnZr gmoM ~Xbr h¡ nm[H$ñVmZr
Zo AnZr X[aX§Jr ~Xbr h¡ & H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr H$m `h bKw CnÝ`mg ^maV Am¡a nm[H$ñVmZ _| na§nam go àM{bV
aho BÝhr X{H$`mZwgr AmMma-{dMma Am¡a PyR>o g§ñH$mam| H$m ~o~mH$ (Z¾) {MÌU nmR>H$m| Ho$ gm_Zo àñVyV H$aVm
h¡ & AV: Bg bKw CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw `m H$WmZH$ H$mo Hw$N> Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> [H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ &
"AmZm Bg Xoe' `h H$hmZr h¡ gwa¡æ`m H$s, gwa¡æ`m Ho$ g_{n©V ào_ H$r, CgHo$ ^`§H$a, `mVmZm_`,
Agwa{jV OrdZ H$s & gmW hr gmW `h H$hmZr h¡ ^maV Am¡a nm[H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM ~±Q>dmao go boH$a A~ VH$
Mbo {KZm|Zo amOZr{V H$s Ÿ& `h H$hmZr h¡, [h¨Xþ Am¡a _wpñb_ H|$$ ~rM aho Ym{_©H$, gmåàXm{`H$ CÝ_mX H$s,
`h H$hmZr h¡ PwR>o Ym{_©H$ Jd© H$s {Og_o§ \$Vdo {ZH$mbo OmVo h¢ BÝgmZ Ho$ én _| OÝ_o nwéf `m ór H$mo _maZo,
VmoS>Zo, {MaZo `m {OÝXm ObmZo Ho$ & `h H$hmZr h¡ CZ Ym{_©H$ \$Vdm| go {Z_m©U hmoZodmbo ^`§H$a gmåàXm{`H$
g§Kf© d ~o{MamI H$aZodmbo Amgyar Y_©d¥{Îm Ho$ ^` go ^`^rV> hmoH$a AnZo-AnZo ào_ H$mo ~oOw~mZ ~ZmH$a
qOXJr^a _Z Ho$ [H$gr H$moUm| _| X\$ZmZodmbo Ag§»` [h¨Xÿ Am¡a _wpñb_ ào{_`m| H$s {OÝhmo§Zo BÝgmZ hmoZo Ho$
ZmVo EH$ Xygao H$mo Or OmZ Mmhm, _Ja Y_© Zo, gåàXm` Zo CÝh§o AbJ AbJ ahZo Ho$ {bE _O~wa [H$`m
& Bg Ñ{ï> go XoIo Vmo Y_© go _wpñb_ ahr gwa¡æ`m Am¡a [h§Xÿ aho A~ra H$s AYwar ào_ H$hmZr h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg
10
_| {M{ÌV H$WmZH$ H$m àma§^ âb°e ~¡H$ go hmoVm h¡ & CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m B§Xm¡a Ho$ [H$gr EH$
aogrSoÝgr Šb~ _| ~¡R>r aoS>dmB©Z eam~ nr ahr h¡ Am¡a H$~m~ Im ahr h¡ & Šb~ H$m dmVmdaU nyar Vah go
a§JrZ ~Z MwH$m h¡ & ""~mV {ZH$br Vmo ~hþV Xÿa VbH$ Om`oJr,'' OJOrV qgh H$s `h JOb EH$ Amoa ~O
ahr h¡ Vmo Xygar Amoa Šb~ _o§ AmE g^r bmoJ `hm§ VH$ H$s Hw$Îmo Am¡a H$~wVa ^r _ñVr _| Py_ aho h¢ & Bgr
~rM gwa¡æ`m H$s ghobr JrV dhm± Am OmVr h¡& XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM ór H$s _`m©XmE± Am¡a nmXar nwamo[hV ZoVmAmo
H$s {KZm¡Zr amOZr{VH$ bmbgmAm| H$s ~mVo hmoVr h¢& Xygao [XZ nR>mZr gbdma nhZr gwa¡æ`m {\$a Cgr Šb~
_| Cgr _oO na ~¡R>o aoS> dmB©Z H$s Am°S>©a XoVr hþE [XImB© XoVr h¡ & _oO na ~¡R>o ~¡R>o Cgo AMmZH$ H$amMr
H$s `mX AmVr h¡ & {Oggo Yrao Yrao ñd`§ gwa¡æ`m H$s Am¡a gmW hr gmW nyao CnÝ`mg H$s H$hmZr naV Xa
naV gmH$ma hmoVr h¡ & gwa¡æ`m Ho$ XmXm-XmXr, ZmZm-ZmZr, ^maV go Vm„xH$$aIVo h¢ & ~Q>dm±ao Ho$ nhbo CZH$m
n[adma ^maVr` n[adoe _| AnZm X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ì`VrV H$aZodmbm EH$ AÀN>m Im§gm n[adma Wm & AmO ^r
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ ZmZm-ZmZr CÎËma àXoe Ho$ am_nwa _o§ Iwehmbr go ah aho h¢ & gwa¡æ`m _oOa ZXr_ Am¡a haÞw_ H$s
~oQ>r h¡ Omo AnZo _mVm-{nVm, XmXm-XmXr Ho$ gmW ~Q>dm±ao Ho$ ~mX H$amMr _§o ahVr Wr & XmXr Ho$ H$WZmZwgma
~Q>dm±ao Ho$ g_` _oOa ZXr_ AWm©V gwa¡`m Ho$ {nVm ^maVr` \$m¡O _| Wo Am¡a dht go {_{bQ>ar Ho$ Hw$N> Jwá
amO H$s \$mB©b gmW boH$a nm[H$ñVmZ ^mJ AmE Wo, _wpñb_m| Ho$ à{V [XImB© JB© Bgr d\$mXar Ho$ H$maU
nm[H$ñVmZ gaH$maZo CÝh| AnZr {_brQ>ar _| ~S>m AmohXm ~hmb [H$`m Wm & CÝh§o ahZo Ho$ {bE g_w§Xa Ho$ [H$Zmao
~S>m gm âb°Q> ^r [X`m Wm & _Ja _oOa ZXr_ H$m `h H$aV~ gwa¡`m H$s XmXr Am¡a _m± XmoZmo H$s Ñ{ï>>go JX²>Xmar
Wr & {\$a ^r _O~war _| do g~ CZHo$ gmW ~m§Yo AnZm OrdZ ~rVm aho Wo & gwa¡æ`m H$s Aå_r VaÝÝmw_ Zo
CXþ© _§o E_.E.[H$`m Wm & CÝht H$s Vah gwa¡æ`m Zo ^r Xgdt nyar H$a EÝQ´>og _| JB© Vmo CXþ© AX~ {b`m Am¡a
Cgr _| E_.E.VH$ \$ñQ>© Šbmg nmVr ahr & dh EH$ Amoa Aa~r ^mfm nT> ahr Wr Vmo Xygar Amoa CgZo S´> mB©ìh
^r grI br Wr & Ka _| \$m¡Or dmVmdaU Am¡a ~mha Ym{_©H$ nm~§{X`mo Ho$ ~mdOyX EH$ nT>r-{bIr ImVyZ
H$mo {Og qOXm[Xbr go OrZm Mm[hE Cg qOXm[Xbr go gwa¡æ`m AnZm OrdZ Or ahr Wr & dh EH$ ao[S>`mo
qgJa ^r Wr &
~MnZ go hr gwa¡æ`m O~ ^r AnZr Aå_r `m XmXr Ho$ gmW ~mV H$aVr Wr Vmo CZ ~mVmo§ _| ^maV H$m
OrH«$ ~ma ~ma hmoVm Wm & CgH$s Aå_r VaÞw_ Vmo AnZo _m`Ho$ am_nwa H$s MMm© ~S>r AmË_r`Vm go H$aVo
hþE gwa¡æ`m H$mo H$hVr Wr [H$ Vw_ EH$ ~ma Vmo Oéa ^maV OmZm Am¡a AnZo ZmZm-ZmZr H$mo {_b boZm & AnZr
Aå_m Am¡a XmXr H$s `hr »dmB©e gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _Z _o§ ~MnZ go hr ^maVr` ^y{_ Ho$ à{V AnZmnZ VWm
AmH$f©U Ho$db {Z_m©U hr Zhr§ H$aVm Vmo dh ~T>Vr C_« Ho$ gmW A{YH$ Vrd« ^r ~ZVm OmVm h¡ & `hr H$maU
h¡ {H$$dh H$amMr _§o EH$ ImZXmZr XmdV _| Ho$db ^maV go AmE hþE _oh_yX H$s Amoa ItM OmVr h¡ & CgHo$
gmW nhMmZ ~T>mVo hþE CgHo$ gmW ^maV g§~§Yr AbJ AbJ {df`m| na {dñV¥V MMm© H$aVr h¡ & {Oggo
dh `h ^br-^m±[V> OmZ OmVr h¡ {H$ ^maVr` _wgb_mZm| na Y_© Ho$ Zm_na AË`mMma [H$E OmVo h¢, CÝh|
Zm¡H$ar VH$ R>rH$ go Zht {_bVr, O¡gr gwZr-gwZmB© ~mV§o nyar Vah go PyR>r h¡ Š`mo§[H$ _oh_yX Cgo ~V>m XoVm
h¡ [H$ dh ^maV _| hr EH$ gaH$mar B§{O{Z`a h¡, CgHo$ ZmZm Om{ñQ>g hmoH$a [aQ>m`S>© hþE h¢ Am¡a CgH$m N>moQ>m
11
^mB© dH$mbV _| _ehÿa h¡ VWm CgH$r ~S>r Amnm EH$ g\$b S>m°ŠQ>a h¡ & (n¥-17) _oh_yX Cgo Bg ~mV
H$s ^r OmZH$mar XoVm h¡ [H$ ^maV _| gmao _wgb_mZ Iwbr hdm _| gm§g boVo h¢ Am¡a AnZr BÀN>mZwgma OrVo
h¢ & Omo Z\$aV gZ 1947 _| OÝ_r Wr A~ dh ~g EH$ qMJmar Ho én _| eof h¡ {Ogo ~rM ~rM _| Hw$N>
{g`mgV _m_bm| X²>dmam hdm XoH$a ^S>H$mZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s OmVr h¡ {g`mgV Ho$ Bgr M¸$a _| A_o[aH$m Zo
AmV§H$dmX H$m ^ñ_mgya {Z_m©U [H$`m h¡ & `hr ^ñ_mgya AmO EH$ Amoa A_o[aH$m na hm{d hmoZo bJm h¡ Vmo
Xygar Amoa CgZo nm[H$ñVmZ, Vm{b~mZ, AbH$m`Xm H$s {JaâVo _| Am J`m h¡ & `hr AmV§H$dmXr ^ñ_mgya
~±Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX AbJ hþE Xmo ^mB© [h¨XþñWmZ Am¡a nm[H$ñVmZ H$mo M¡Z go OrZo Zht XoVo & _oh_yX H$s Bg ~mV
Ho$ gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _Z _| ^maV Ho$ à{V A{YH$ AmH$f©U {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡ & {Ogo XoIH$a _oh_yX Cgo ^maV AmZo
H$m Ý`moVm XoVm h¡, _Ja dh hVme h¡ Š`m|[H$ dh OmZVr h¡ [H$ CgHo$ Aã~mZo ^maV N>moS>Vo g_` Omo ~ohÿXm
H$aZm_m [H$`m Wm, Cggo CZna ^maV AmZo OmZo na ~oZ bJm`m hþAm Wm & {Oggo dh ^r ^maV Am Zht
gH$Vr Wr & d¡go Vmo gwa¡æ`m nm[H$ñVmZ _| àM{bV {OhmX go nyar Vah go D$~ MwH$s Wr & dh nm[H$ñVmZ
N>moS>H$a A_o[aH$m `m Xþ~B© _| ~gZo H$s, Zm¡H$ar H$aZo H$s gmoM ahr Wr &
gwa¡æ`m nm[H$ñVmZ _| \¡$bo ^`§H$a {OhmXr dmVmdaU go D$~H$a [H$gr n[a¨Xo Ho$ ^m±{V> H$ht Xÿa CS>H$a
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13
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M¡Z, AmOmXr h¡ & g~ Amng _| ào_ go ahVo h¢ & daZm g^r ImZXmZmo _| bmbM Ho$ PJS>o hmoVo hr h¢
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14
H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a ahm Wm & CZHo$ ~rM ewê$ ahr MMm© _| A~ra H$m `h _mZZm h¡ [H$ Ym{_©H$Vm ~war
Zhr Y_mªYVm ~war hmoVr h¡ & {Og Vah nmím{dH$Vm [H$gr ^r Y_© _| hmo dh AmbmoMZm H$m {df` h¡ & (n¥29) AnZo Bg _V H$mo à_m[UV H$aVo hþE dh ^maV _o ^§dar na hþE ~bmËH$ma Am¡a CgHo$ hË`mH$m§S> VWm
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Ho$ g§~§Y _| gdmb nwN> Vr h¡, {OgHo$ Odm~ _| A~ra H$hVm h¡ [H$, CgH$s emXr gm°âQ>doAa B§{O{ZAa _Zy
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J`m h¡ & AmO H$s ZB© nrT>r Cgo hr ß`ma H$m Zm_ Xo ahr h¢Ÿ& A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m _| Mbo Bg dmVm©bmn _|
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{H$ Ab H$m`Xm O¡go OrhmXr g§JR>Z A_o[aH$m `m {dXoem| Ho$ {Ibm\$ AmV§H$dmXr J{V{d{Y`m± MbmZo Ho$ {bE
gj_ h¡ {Oggo ha Xoe H$m {dH$mg éH$ OmVm h¡ {H$ÝVw Bg na gwa¡æ`m H$hVr h¡ {H$ ""H$moB© ^r g_PXma
B§gmZ {OhmXm| na `H$sZ Zht H$aVm !'' (n¥. 82) gwa¡æ`m H$s Bg ~mV na A~ra AMmZH$ EH$ eoa gwZmVm
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15
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18
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bS>Ho$-bS>{H$`m± EH$ Xygao go _whã~V H$aZo bJo§, V~ _Oh~ Jm`~ hmo OmEJmŸ& Š`m|{H$ _whã~V H$s ZOa
go XoImo Vmo g~ AÀN>m bJVm h¡Ÿ&'' (n¥. 46) S>m°. JrV H$m `h gwPmd gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra Ho$ ~rM {Z_m©U
hþE ß`ma Ho$ [aíVo H$m g§Ho$V XoVm h¡ daZm g~ OmZVo h¢ {H$ qhXy Am¡a _wpñb_m| Ho$ ~rM gmW hr gmW
{hÝXwñVmZ Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ ~rM e_© Ho$ Zm_na gmåàXm{`H$ EH$Vm Ho$ ~Om` _maH$mQ>,
19
IwZIam~m, X§Jm\$gmXr H$s ~ma-~ma AmhQ> gwZmB© XoVr h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _VmZwgma ""B§gmZ Vmo ha OJh {\$VaVr
hmoVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go nm{H$ñVmZ _| àYmZ_§Ìr {b`mH$V AbrImZ H$mo bmhm¡a _| nrQ>H$a _mam d¡go hr ^maV _| BpÝXam
Jm§Yr Or H$mo Jmo{b`m| go ^yZ {X`mŸ& dhm± ^Å>m| H$s hË`m H$s Vmo `hm± amOrd Jm§YrOr H$mo ~_ go CS>m {X`mŸ&
_pñOXm| go _m¡V Ho$ \$a_mZ ^oOo Vmo h¢, Vmo `hm§ _R>, gÝ`mgr, gmYy g§Vm| Ho$ H$maZm_| d¡go hr h¡Ÿ& dhm±
nm{H$ñVmZ _| AJa Am¡aV g_mO Ho$ Y_© Ho$ JbV [admOm| H$mo MwZm¡Vr XoVr h¡ Vmo CÝh| _ma S>mbZo H$s àWm
AmO ^r AZoH$ BbmH$m| _| "H$mH$mar' Zm_ go eê$ h¡Ÿ& `hm§ ^r Am¡aV nwar Vah go gwa{jV Zht h¡Ÿ& S>m°. JrV
X²dmam {H$E JE Bemao na AnZr ^mdZm Am¡a ^` ì`ŠV H$aVo hþE gwa¡æ`m H$hVr h¡ {H$ ""_¢ AJa `hm± {H$gr
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gm\$ Zht h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE _oao gmW {H$gr AÝ` H$mo OmoS>H$a ^r _¢ ~§X Zht H$a gH$Vr, {H$gr H$m ^r, _oao gmW
[aíVm| H$m ^r ^{dî` Zht h¡Ÿ&'' (n¥. 47)
AnZo ~hVo Am±gyAm| H$mo amoH$Vo hþE gwa¡æ`m A~ra, AOw©Z Am¡a JrV X²dmam AmJo Omar ahr MMm© _| AnZo
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H$mo A§J«oOmo Zo AnZo ñdmW© hoVw ~ZdmB©, g§ñH¥${V, [admO, ^mfm, ~mobr gm{hË` CËnmXZ g~ IarX H$a _Oh~
hr H$mo H$m¡_ H$m AmYma ~Zm {X`m Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo dVZ go Á`mXm _Oh~ Ho$ dOyX H$mo _hÎd XoZm ng§X
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Oha Kmobm OmVm h¡Ÿ& A~ nm{H$ñVmZ AmV§H$dmX Ho$ ^ñ_mgwa Ho$ AYrZ h¡ Am¡a gmoMVm h¡ {H$ Xygao Xoem| _|
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go H$amZo Ho$ ~mdOyX AmV§H$dm{X`m| H$mo ^r B§gmZ g_PH$a EH$X_ \$m±gr na Zht MT>mVo O~{H$ h_mao H¡${X`m|
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_| \¡$bmZm MmhVm h¡Ÿ& _Ja A~ ^maV AnZo Amg-nmg d AnZo ^rVa {H$E JE {dñ\$moQ>m| go ZOa A§XmO
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na AmO XmoZm| Ho$ `hm§ Ho$db {g_|Q> H$m§{H«$Q> Ho$ O§Jb ~ZmE Om aho h¢ Am¡a Cg O§Jb _| Y_© Ho$ R>oHo$Xma,
n§S>rV, gmYy, g§V, _wëbm _m¡bdr Iy§Ima OmZda H$s Vah KmQ> bJmE ah aho h¢Ÿ& (n¥. 48, 49) BZ ~mVm| go
gwa¡æ`m D$~ OmVr h¡Ÿ&
S>m°. JrV gwa¡æ`m H$mo H$hVr h¡ {H$ AJa Hw$N> IarXZm h¡ Vmo A~ra Ho$ gmW Mbr OmAm| Š`m|{H$ h_|
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20
do XmoZm| S>mH$ ~§Jbo _| nhþ±MVo h¢ ~S>o CVmdbonZ go gwa¡æ`m H$mo AnZo ~mhm| _| H$gH$a boVm h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ AmqbJZ
_| ì`mHw$bVm, {_R>mg Am¡a {dídmg WmŸ& `hr H$maU Wm {H$ gwa¡æ`m ^r AnZo AmnH$mo CgHo$ ~mhm| _|, CgHo$
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ào_r hmo gH$Vo h¢ ? Bgr ^` go A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m AnZo ß`ma H$s, EH$ Xygao H$s {h\$mOV H$aVo hwE Xya
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hþE OrdZ ^a do XmoZm| EH$-Xyga| na ~oB§Vhm _whã~V H$aVo hwE `mXm| Ho$ ghmao OrdZ H$mQ>Zo H$m _wH$ dmXm
H$aVo h¢Ÿ& {~N>S>Zo Ho$ ^` Zo, J_ Zo, ì`mHw$bVm Zo Am¡a {\$a Xw~mam Z {_bZo H$s Ame§H$m Zo Cg S>mH$ ~§Jbo
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H$m {Z:ñdmW© ñne© AnZo Amn EH$ hmoVm J`m d EH$ hmo J`m WmŸ& (n¥. 51) dhm± go bm¡Q>H$a XmoZm| ^r amV^a
EH$ Xygao H$m {dMma H$aVo hþE, AbJ AbJ nb§J na gmoZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho Wo& {Oñ_ Xmo Wo na _Z
EH$ Wm Omo amV^a OmJVo hþE ~mV EH$ Xygao H$s H$aVm h¡Ÿ& `hr OO~mVm| H$s gm¡JmV A~ra Zo gwa¡æ`m H$mo
Am¡a gwa¡æ`m Zo A~ra H$mo ~oeH$s_Vr Cnhma ñdê$n Xo Xr WrŸ& Xygao hr {XZ S>m°. JrV Am¡a AOw©Z ^maV go
Xw~B© Mbo JE Wo, CZHo$ gmW Mbr JB© Wr A~ra H$s gwa¡æ`mŸ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s dmngr Zo A~ra Ho$ OrdZ _| ImbrnZ {Z_m©U hþAm WmŸ& CgHo$ gmW {~Vm`m hþAm ha nb
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21
dh gwa¡æ`m go emXr H$aHo$ {dXoe _| hr ~g OmE±Ÿ& _Ja {\$a CgHo$ {X_mJ _| CZHo$ AbJ-AbJ Y_© hmoZo
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Vmo A~ra OmZVm Wm {H$ EH$ {XZ _m± \$m§gr bJm boJr, _Zw Hw$E± _| Hw$XoJrŸ& {nVmOr nmJb hmo OmE±JoŸ& Xmo
Y_m] Ho$ nmI§S>r bmoJ ~dmb _Mm X|Jo Am¡a Bg_| H$B©`m| H$s ~br MT>mB© OmEJrŸ& ~ma-~ma {H$E JE BÝht
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~Om` CZHo$ ß`ma H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ _O~wV Jham ~Zm XoVo h¢Ÿ&
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MMm© H$aVo h¢ & {OgH$m gmam§e `hr {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ""gÀMm _wgb_mZ Ym{_©H$ hmoVm h¡, Y_m©ÝY ZhtŸ& AmO
nm{H$ñVmZ Ob ahm h¡Ÿ& Omo dhm± ahoJm OboJmŸ& A~ H$moB© Xoe AnZr bnQ>m| _| Xygam| H$mo ^r bnoQ>o `o Vmo gamga
JwZmh h¡Ÿ& ^rS> ^ao BbmHo$ _| AÀN>o ~wao {ZXm}f bmoJm| H$mo _maZo go H$moB© OohmX Zht hmoVmŸ& {OgH$m h_ ImVo
h¢ CgrH$m h_Zo ~OmZm ^r Mm{hEŸ& h_ `{X AmV§H$dm{X`m| H$mo Nw>nmE±Jo Vmo _mZm| h_ ^r AmV§H$ Am¡a OohmX
H$mo gnmoQ>© H$a aho h¢, Omo {H$ Eogm Zht H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& A§V _| do `h ^r H$hVo h¢ {H$ VaÝZw_ Am§Q>r H$mo `hm±
X\$Z hmoZo go Z Vmo nm{H$ñVmZ {hboJm Z ^maV, _Ja »dmBe nyar H$aZo go h_o e~m~ Vmo Oéa {_boJmŸ& (n¥.
53/34) Cgr amV A~ra H$mo gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr H$m \$moZ Am`m WmŸ& CgHo$ gmW ~mV H$aVo g_` A~ra g_P
J`m Wm {H$ `h Am¡aV embrZ Am¡a ~ohX ~w{Õ_mZ h¡Ÿ& CgZo \$moZ na hr A~ra nm{H$ñVmZ _| ahVo hwE {OZ
22
{XŠH$Vm| H$mo ghZ H$aZm nS>Vm h¡, CgH$s OmZH$mar Xr WrŸ& CgHo$ ~oQ>o ZXr_ Zo ^maV Ho$ gmW H$s hþB© JX²Xmar
H$m Cgo nN>Vmdm h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ AZwgma nm{H$ñVmZ _| ah aho OohmXr AmV§H$dm{X`m| go Iy§Ima CVZo hr IVaZmH$
h¡Ÿ& dh OmZVr h¡ CZ IVaZmH$ Oohm{X`m| _| EH$ AnZm ~oQ>m ZXr_ ^r h¡ {OgHo$ bJmE AmJ _| AmO CgH$s
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{Xb XhbmZodmbr ~mVo gwZH$a A~ra gmoMZo bJVm h¡ {H$ AmIra Š`m| gwa¡æ`m O¡gr AÀN>r g^r Zm[a`m| H$mo
g_mO Am¡a nwéf gÎmm H$s {eH$ma ~ZVr h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 56) Bgr ~oM¡Zr _| A~ra Aå_r VaÝZw_ H$mo ^maV bmZo
Ho$ {bE ~mø gr_m {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Cgo Bg ~mV H$s nyar Cå_rX Wr {H$ dhm± go Aå_r Ho$ gmW gwa¡æ`m
Oéa AmEJrŸ& Am¡a hþAm ^r d¡gm hr dhm± go gwa¡æ`m Am¡a `hm± go A~ra dmKm gr_m na VaÝZw_ H$mo XoZo Am¡a
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CVZr hr VoOr go CZH$mo AbJ ^r {H$`mŸ& ñQ´>oMa XoVo Am¡a boVo g_` gwa¡æ`m H$s ZOa nb ^a _| A~ra go
~hþV Hw$N> H$h JB© Wr Am¡a CZHo$ ~rM hþE H$m§nVo ñne© Zo XmoZm| Ho$ _Z _| EH$ gmW H$B© àíZ qMVm, {eH$m`V
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AñnVmb Ho$ AmB©.gr.`y _| {eâQ> H$aVo hr A~ra Zo A§gmar H$mo H$hm Wm {H$ _wPo AnZr emXr Ho$ nhbo {H$gr
^r hmbV _| nm{H$ñVmZ OmZm h¡Ÿ& Amn Hw$N> ^r H$amo _Ja _oam drOm ~Zdm XmoŸ& A~ra H$s _mZ{gH$ hmbV
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A~ra A§gmar gm H$s _XX go H$am§Mr nhw±MVm h¡, d¡go Vmo CgH$m H$am§Mr XoIZm EH$ ~hmZm _mÌ WmŸ&
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28
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h_ ^bo hr AmO _O~ya h¡ na AmZodmbr nrT>r Y_© H$s Bg ~odOh H$s ~oAga gr_m VmoS> XoJrŸ& (n¥. 87)
30
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ gmW H$s hþB© BÝhr ~mVm| Am¡a MMm©Am| H$s `mXm| Ho$ ~d§S>a Ho$ ~rM A~ra Am¡a _Zw H$s emXr
hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& emXr _| earH$ hmoZo AmE A§{H$V H$mo CgZo gwa¡æ`m H$s I~a nwN>rŸ& Vmo A§{H$V Zo Cgo OmoYnwa
Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Mm¡qH$J nmoñQ> CgHo$ Am±Imo Ho$ gm_Zo nma H$aZo H$s OmZH$mar Xr WrŸ& Bg na ^r A~ra AnZo
emXr Ho$ _mhm¡b _| ~oM¡Z Wm Š`m|{H$ Cgo gwa¡æ`m H$am§Mr _| gwa{jVVm go nhþ±Mr h¡ Bg ~mV H$s I~a {H$gr
Zo ^r Zht Xr WrŸ& CYa AOw©Z Am¡a JrV ^r naoemZ WoŸ& Bgr _| EH$ _mh ~rV OmVm h¡Ÿ& ~oM¡Z A~ra H$mo
~ma ~ma Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ CgH$s gwa¡æ`m Cgo ~wbm ahr h¡, dh naoemZ h¡, Cgo `mX H$aHo$ dh amo ahr h¡Ÿ&
A~ra H$s `h ~oM¡Zr nb-nb ì`mHw$bVm _| ~XbVr ahVr h¡Ÿ& dh AnZo {_Ì A§{H$V Ho$ H$hZmZwgma h{Z_yZ
Ho$ ~hmZo CX_nwa Am OmVm h¡, dhm§ nËZr _Zw H$mo EH$ hmoQ>b _| aIH$a A~ra Am¡a A§{H$V OmoYnwa OmVo h¢Ÿ&
dhm± OmH$a dh gwa¡æ`m H$s \$moQ>mo OmoYnwa Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ XmoZm| Mm¡qH$J nmoñQ> na {XImH$a nyN>VmN> H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
_Ja H$moB© ^r CÝh| ghr Odm~ Zht XoVmŸ& g~ `hr H$hVo h¢ {H$ dh g_Pm¡Vm EŠgàog _| ~¡R>Zo H$mo V¡`ma
Wr _Ja dh H$hm± Am¡a H$~ JB© `h {H$grH$mo ^r nVm Zht h¡Ÿ& naoemZ hþAm A~ra H$am§Mr \$moZ bJmH$a XmXr
go gwa¡æ`m Ho$ I¡aV H$s nyN>VmN> H$aVm h¡ V~ XmXr amo hr nS>Vr h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ gwa¡æ`m dhm§ ^r Zht nhþ±Mr WrŸ&
{nN>bo EH$ _mh go dh CgH$m B§VOma H$a ahr WrŸ& gwa¡æ`m Z OmZo H$hm± Mbr JB© Wr {H$gr H$mo nVm Zht
WmŸ& A~ra nmJbgm Cgo Tw§T> ahm Wm VWr MoH$nmoñQ> H$m EH$ {gnmhr Cgo `h OmZH$mar XoVm h¡ {H$ ""amoO
em_ AmR> ~Oo EH$ nmJb Am¡aV `hm± AmH$a {OX H$aVr h¡ {H$ Cgo ^maV AmZm h¡Ÿ& Amn Cgo XoI bmoŸ&''
(n¥. 89) {gnmhr H$s `h XX©^ar ~mV gwZH$a A~ra Am¡a A§{H$V EH$ AkmV ^` go S>a OmVo h¢, CZHo$ n¡a
aoV _| Y§gVo OmVo h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ g_P _o§ Hw$N> Zhr§ §AmVm {\$a ^r dh AnZr Ame§H$m {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE dhm§
éH$H$a Cg Am¡aV H$m B§VOma H$aVo h¢Ÿ& amV Ho$ AmR>-gmT>o AmR> ~Oo J§Xm Moham, \$Q>o H$nS>o nhZr EH$ Am¡aV
dhm± Am OmVr h¡ Am¡a ~S>r hr ì`mHw$bVm go H$hVr h¡ {H$ _¢ ~hþV ~r_ma hy±, _wPo ^yI bJr h¡, EH$ ~ma
AmZo Xmo Z dhm±Ÿ& CgHo$ gmao Xoh na \$moS>o WoŸ& bmB©Q> nS>r Vmo CgZo A~ra H$s Va\$ XoIH$a _wñHw$amVo hþE H$hm§
{H$ _wPo AnZo Xoe AmZo Xmo ZŸ& _¢ gwa¡æ`m hÿ°§, Vw_ _oao A~ra H$mo OmZVo hmo Š`m?'' (n¥. 89) Bg nmJb Am¡aV
H$mo M¡H$nmoñQ>dmbo ha amoO H$s Vah Cgo dhm§ hH$mb XoVo h¢& dh Cgo H$hVo h¢ {H$ Voao nmg na{_eZ Ho$
H$mJOmV Zht h¡Ÿ& Am¡a dh CZHo$ gm_Zo JrS>JrS>mVo hþE H$hVr ahVr h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo _oao nmg Hw$N> ^r Zht N>moS>m
h¡, do bmoJ EH$ K§Q>o Ho$ ~mX {\$a _wPo H$_ao _| ~§X H$a X|JoŸ& Vw_ nw{bgdmbo hmo, _wPo AnZo A~ra Ho$ nmg
bo MbmoŸ& Cg Am¡aV H$mo XoIH$a A§{H$V Vmo Zht _Ja A~ra CgH$s _wñHw$amhQ> XoIH$a nhMmZ J`m Wm {H$
`hr CgH$s gwa¡æ`m h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m Vmo A~ra H$mo Zht nhMmZVr _Ja Cgo H$moB© amoHo$ Cggo nhbo dh Xm¡S>Vo hþE ^maV H$s gr_m
na Am nhw±MVr h¡ Am¡a dhr na ~ohmoe hmoH$a Jra OmVr h¡, CgH$m EH$ hmW nm{H$ñVmZ H$s gr_mna Vmo Xygam
hmW ^maV H$s gr_m na WmŸ& Bg Ym§Xbr _| {gnmhr Hw$N> H$ao Bggo nhbo A~ra Amoa A§{H$V gwa¡æ`m H$mo
Orn _| aIH$a EH$ pŠb{ZH$ _| nhw±M OmVo h¢Ÿ& MoH$An Ho$ ~mX Cg pŠb{ZH$ Ho$ S>m°ŠQ>a ~S>o CXmg ñda _|
CgH$s _¥Ë`w Omhra H$aVo hþE ~VmVo h¢ {H$ BgHo$ gmW bJmVma Á`mX{V`m± hþB© h¡, Bgna A_mZwf Owë_ {H$E
31
JE h¢Ÿ& hmXgo H$s ~mH$s H$hmZr gwa¡æ`m H$s bme ~Vm XoVr h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ `mo{Z na hþE Kmd Cgna {H$E JE
gm_w{hH$ ~bmËH$ma H$s ½dmhr XoVo h¢ Vmo Om§Km| na {H$E JE VoO Yma Ho$ O»_ Cgna {H$E JE A_mZwf
AË`mMma H$s gmj XoVo h¢Ÿ& Cg IyZa{hV H$mbm nS>m eara {nN>bo EH$ _mh go ghZ {H$E JE ^`§H$a
`mVZmAm| H$s gmj H$m ~ImZ H$a ahm WmŸ& {OgHo$ AZwgma A§XmOm `h bJm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ gwa¡æ`m H$mo JoñQ>
hmD$g go Hw$N> AmV§H$dmXr CR>mH$a bo JE hm|Jo Š`m|{H$ AmV§H$dmXr hr Bg Vah {KZm¡Zm H$m_ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Š`m|{H$
Eogm {KZm¡Zm H$m_ H$aZodmbm| H$mo Z Xoe, Z gr_m, Z Y_©, Z [admO g_PVm h¡Ÿ& A§Yoam JmT>m hþAm Vmo A§{H$V
Ho$ gmW A~ra Zo gwa¡æ`m H$s bme H$mo EH$ H$mPr Ho$ XoIaoI _| gmao Ym{_©H$ añ_m|-[admOm| H$m nmbZ H$aHo$
_wpñb_ H$~«ñVmZ _| X\$ZmVo hþE dhm± EH$ nËWa bJmH$a Cg H$~« Ho$ gm_Zo hmW OmoS>H$a XwAm± _m°JVo hþE
H$hm§ {H$ ""gwa¡æ`m OO~mVm| H$s H$moB© gr_m Zht hmoVr Cgr Vah Iam~ H$m_m| H$s ^r H$moB© gr_m Zht hmoVr
& {OZH$m VmëbwH$ Xoem| go Zht OO~mVm| go hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Vw_ eara go `hm± ahmoJr VWm _oao I`mbm| _| ^r h_oem
Or{dV ahmoJrŸ&'' (n¥. 90) Xmo-VrZ {XZm| Ho$ ~mX A~ra Zo gwa¡æ`m Ho$ XmXr H$mo Bg hmXgo H$m gmam d¥Îmm§V
gwZm`m Vmo XmXr Zo A\$Ob Jwé H$s \$m±gr, gadOrV H$s hË`m, ^maVr` g§gX na {H$E JE h_bo Am{X H$m
OrH«$ H$aHo$ XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ {~M {Z_m©U hþE VUmd _| ^r ^maV AmH$a AnZr ZmV>r Ho$ _Oma na amoVr, {~bIVr
{MIVr \${Vhm nT>Zo Ho$ {bE Am nhw±Mr WrŸ& dmng OmVo g_` AmnZo Am±gwAmo H$mo amoH$H$a A~ra Zo amoV>r
hþB© XmXr H$mo hmW {hbmH$a Ab{dXm H$a ahm Wm V^r CgZo _hgwg {H$`m {H$ CgH$s gwa¡æ`m _wñH$amVr hwB©
Cgo H$h ahr Wr {H$ ""XoImo _¢ Vwåhmao {Xb _| Vmo hy± hr na gXm Ho$ {bE Vwåhmao gmW Zht ah ahr hy±Ÿ& na
A~ Vmo h_| {_bZo go H$moB© amoH$ Zht gH$VmŸ&'' (n¥. 91) A~ra Zo gwa¡æ`m H$s Bg Vah XX©ZmH$ H$s _m¡V
H$mo ñdrH$mam Wm dhr na `h ^r g_P J`m Wm {H$ gwa¡æ`m H$s `hr _wñH$amhQ> Cgo {OÝXJr^a OrZo H$s àoaUm
XoVr ahoJrŸ&
g_rjmË_H$ X¥{ï> go XoIo Vmo Bg CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ H$Wm VËd Ho$ AZwgma EH$ g\$b
Ed§ gag VWm CÀMH$mo{Q> H$s$h¡Ÿ& BgH$m àma§^, _Ü`, Ma_q~Xw Am¡a A§V `h Mmam| ñWmZ H$WmZH$ H$s
gOrdVm, àdmh_`Vm Am¡a à^mdmË_H$Vm ñnï> H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `h H$WmZH$ àma§^ go A§V VH$ EH$ {d{eï> J{V
go àdmhrV hmoH$a nmR>H$m| H$mo AnZo gmW ~hmVo hþE A§V VH$ bo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ aMZm _| {M{ÌV
_w»` H$Wm A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m H$s ào_H$hmZr h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m A§V bo{IH$m Zo AË`§V ^`§H$a XX©ZmH$ n[aÑí`
_| gmH$ma {H$`m ({MVmam) J`m h¡Ÿ& {Oggo `h Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ H¥${V EH$ Q´>¡{OS>r H$m én YmaU H$aVr h¡Ÿ& _w»`
H$WmZH$ Ho$ H|$Ð _| gwa¡æ`m H$m {MÌU hmoZo go, Bgo ñÌr àYmZ H$WmZH$ CnÝ`mg ^r _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& _w»`
H$WmZH Ho$ gmW nVmH$m Am¡a àH$am| go én _| S>m°. JrV, Am¡a AOw©Z, ZmZm, ZmZr, XmXr, _Zw, A§{H$V Ho$
gmW KQ>Zodmbr KQ>ZmE± CnÝ`mg _| àmg§{JH$ H$WmE ~ZH$a MbVr ahVr h¡Ÿ& {Oggo _w»` H$Wm _| amoMH$Vm
Am¡a à^mdmË_H$Vm {Z_m©U hþB© h¡Ÿ& H$WmZH$ _| {M{ÌV KQ>ZmE± AË`§V gOrd Ed§ Z¡g{J©H$ bJVr h¡Ÿ& {Oggo
H$WmZH$ _| amoMH$Vm Am¡a CËgwH$Vm Ho$ gmW JVrerbVm {Z_m©U hþB©Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ nmR>H$ Bg H$WmZH$
Ho$ gmW àma§^ go A§V VH$ OwS>m ahVm h¡Ÿ& _yb `m à_wI (_w»` H$WmZH$) H$mo à^mdmË_H$ ~ZmZo hoVw
32
bo{IH$mZo {hXwñWmZ Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM AmOmXr AWm©V ~±Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$, amOZr{VH$,
gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am¡a gmåàXm{`H$ joÌ _| KQ>r hþB© g^r N>moQ>r-_moQ>r KQ>ZmAm|, XmoZmo Xoem| Ho$ ~rM aho gmåàXm{`H$
VUmd H$m, AmV§H$dmXr _mhm¡b H$m, `wÕOÝ` pñW{V H$m, ha nb gr_mna ~T>Vo hþE AmH«$_H$ pñW{V H$m
BVZm dmñV{dH$ {MÌU {H$`m h¡ {H$ XmoZm| Xoem| H$m {nN>bo gmR>-gÎma gmbm| H$m B{Vhmg AË`§V VQ>ñWVm
go àñVwV H$aZodmbm `h EH$ àm_m{UH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ CnÝ`mg bJZo bJVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$b {_bmH$a Bg CnÝ`mg H$s
H$WmdñVw Vm{ËdH$ Ñ{ï> go n[anyU© ahr h¡Ÿ&
BgHo$ ~mdOwX H$WmdñVw _| bo{IH$m H¥$îUm A{½ZhmoÌr X²dmam Hw$N>> ñWmZ, Hw$N> KQ>Zm±E, `m Hw$N> M[aÌ
Eogo àñVwV {H$E JE h¢ {H$ {OZH$m g§X^© nmR>H$m| Ho$ _Z _| ^«_ {Z_m©U H$a XoVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go H$WmZH$ Ho$ àma§^
_| (n¥. 11) aogrS>o§gr Šb~ _| Xygao {XZ aoS>dmB©Z H$m Am°S>©a XoH$a AnZo n¡a \¡$bmH$a _m¡g_ H$m Om`Om boZodmbr
gwa¡æ`m Šb~ go ~mha H$~ AmVr h¡ ? BgH$m g§Ho$V nmR>H$m| H$mo CnÝ`mg Ho$ A§V VH$ Zht {_bVmŸ& Bgr
Vah JrV Ho$ {nVm H$m Zm_ àma§^ _| (n¥. 15) am_H¥$îU AdñWr ~Vm`m J`m h¡Ÿ& qH$Vw Xw~B© go ^maV (BÝXm¡a)
AmZo Ho$ ~mX gwa¡æ`m H$mo S>m°. JrV AnZo {nVm H$s nhMmZ H$amVo g_` CZH$m Zm_ S>m°. gwYra gŠgoZm ~VmVr
h¡Ÿ& Bgr Vah gwa¡æ`m H$s Aå_r VaÝZw_ Omo H$s _aZo Ho$ ~mX Cgo ^maV Ho$ am_nwa _| X\$ZmZo H$s BÀN>m aIVr
h¡ (n¥. 28) Cgr ~r_ma Aå_r H$mo A~ra ~mKm ~m°S>©a go ñQ´>oMa na ^maV _| boVm h¡ Am¡a Cgr Aå_r H$mo
_aZo Ho$ ~mX CgHo$ ^mB©`m| Zo Cgo am_nwa H$s {_Å>r _| X\$Zm`m Wm dhr Aå_r H$WmZH$ Ho$ A§V _| (n¥. 91)
XmXr Ho$ gmW gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _Oma na \$m{Vhm nT>Zo Ho$ {bE AmVr h¡Ÿ& EH$ Am¡a g§X^© `h h¡ {H$ S>m°. JrV Am¡a
AOw©Z gwa¡æ`m boH$a O~ BÝXm¡a AmVo h¢ V~ do EH$ ~§Jbo Ho$ ^rVa àdoeVo h¢ (n¥. 23) {H$ÝVw CÝht Ho$ gmW
AmB© hþB© gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra am_nwa, O`nwa, AmJam, {Xëbr Kw_H$a O~ dmng BÝXm¡a AmVo h¡ V~ dh ZB© g§J_
_ëQ>r Ho$ Mm¡Wo âbmoa H$s K§Q>r ~OmVo h¢ Am¡a Cg âb°Q> H$m XadmOm S>m°. JrV ImobVr h¡Ÿ& Bgr Vah H$WmZH$
Ho$ A§V _| Jmodm go dmng BÝXm¡a AmZo Ho$ ~mX gwa¡æ`m Ho$ gmW Ho$db A~ra H$m XmoñV A§{H$V hr WmŸ& dhr
OmoYnwa M¡qH$J nmoñQ> H$s \$m°a{_brQ>r nyar H$aVm h¡Ÿ& âbmB©Q> Z {_bZona dhr {Xëbr go OmoYnwa VH$ CgHo$
gmW WmŸ& qH$Vw AMmZH$ dhm± AOw©Z H¡$go AmVm h¡ (n¥. 85) `h g_P _| Zht AmVmŸ& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV
bo{IH$m Zo nyao H$WmZH$ _| qhXw-_wpñb_m| Ho$ ~rM gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© VWm Amngr X²dof H$m BVZm {dñV¥V
VWm S>amdZm {MÌU {H$`m J`m h¡ {H$ CgHo$ S>a go, ^` go Zm`H$-Zm{`H$m Ho$ gmW-gmW nmR>H$m| Ho$
{Xbm|{X_mJ go CZH$s ào_ H$hmZr {\$gb OmVr h¡Ÿ& BZ gmar Ìw{Q>`m| Ho$ ~mdOwX àñVwV CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw
g^r {deofVmAm| go n[anyU© ~Zr hþB© {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ&
2.3.2
""AmZm Bg Xoe'' CnÝ`mg H$m erf©H$ :
{H$gr ^r gm{hpË`H$ H¥${V H$s nhbr nhMmZ CgH$m "erf©H$' hmoVr h¡Ÿ& _mZmo erf©H$ CVZm hr _hÎdnyU©
hmoVm h¡ {OVZm AmX_r H$mo nhMmZZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m Moham Amdí`H$ ahVm h¡Ÿ& gm{hË` H¥${V H$m Moham
"erf©H$' hmoVm h¡, Eogm H$hm Vmo JbV Zht hmoJmŸ& Š`m|{H$ O¡go {H$gr ^r AmX_r H$m Moham XoIH$a hr
A{YH$Va bmoJ CgH$s AÀN>mB©-~wamB©, CgHo$ gX²JwU-XwJw©U H$m A§XmOm bJmVo h¢ d¡go hr A{YH$Va nmR>H$
33
~r.E.^mJ
3
qhXr nona
7 /3
gm{hpË`H$ aMZm H$m erf©H$ XoIH$a hr CgH$s gm{h{Ë`H$ D§$MmB©, CgH$m aMZmË_H$ T>m±Mm, CgH$s {df`JV
J§^raVm go boH$a g\$bVm-Ag\$bVm H$m A§XmOm bJmVo h¢Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> go H¥$îUm A{½ZhmoÌr X²dmam a{MV
CnÝ`mg H$m erf©H$ "AmZm Bg Xoe' Mmamo Va\$m g\$b Ed§ gmW©H$ hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg H$m `h
erf©H$ gwZVo hr nmR>H$m| Ho$ _Z BgHo$ à{V AmH$f©U {Z_m©U hmoVm, Bg_| {M{ÌV {df` H$mo OmZZo H$s CËgwH$Vm
nmR>H$ H$mo ~oM¡Z H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bg Vah CnÝ`mg H$m `h erf©H$ àW_Xeu nmR>H$m| H$mo AmH${f©V H$aZo, AnZr
AÀN>mB© Am¡a gm{hpË`H$ D§$MmB© H$m n[aM` XoZo _| g\$b Ed§ gmW©H$ hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV H$WmZH$ _| erf©H$ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ì`ŠV {H$`m J`m ^mdZmË_H$ {Z_§ÌU EH$ C_«Xm§
ào_H$hmZr H$mo gmH$ma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| {M{ÌV ^maVr` ào_r AnZr nm{H$ñVmZr ào{_H$m H$mo g§^mì`
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kfm} Ho$ ~mdOwX ^ybZm Zht MmhVmŸ& Ym{_©H$ g§Kf© Ho$ ~dmb go ~MH$a AnZo ào_ H$s {h\$mOV
H$aVo hþE, AnZo-AnZo Xoe _| ahH$a OO~mVm| _| AnZr _whã~V H$mo OVZ H$aZo H$m {ZíM` H$aZodmbo `h
Xmo ào_r Xoe H$s, Y_© H$s, gåàXm` H$s gr_m VmoS>Zo H$s {hå_V Zht H$aVoŸ& qH$Vw AmV§H$dmX Ho$ [JaâV
_| AmE nm{H$ñVmZ Xoe H$s ào{_H$m AnZo Xoe _| ahZm ng§X Zht H$aVr Am¡a ^maVr` ào_r Cgo MmhH$a ^r
`hm§ ahZo Ho$ {bE g{ŠV Zht H$aVm {\$a ^r gr_mAm| H$mo {~Zm VmoS>o dh Cgo {Z_§{ÌV H$aVm h¡ {H$ "AmZm
Bg Xoe' Š`m|{H$ `hr ^maV Xoe Y_©, _Oh~ go D$na CR>H$a B§gm{Z`V, _mZdVm, gd©-Y_©-g_^md Am{X
g§{dYm{ZH$ _yë`m| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go AmO nyao {díd^a _| em§{VXyV ~ZH$a _mZdVmdmXr Y_© H$s ñWmnZm H$a ahm
h¡Ÿ& AJa gwHy$Z go ahZm h¡, em§{V go OrdZ ~rVmZm h¡ Vmo ""AmZm Bg Xoe&'' Bg Vah bo{IH$m X²dmam àñVwV
Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ aMZm H$mo {X`m J`m erf©H$ H$WmdñVw Ho$ _mÜ`_ go h_mao Xoe H$s AbJgr nhMmZ H$amZo _|
g\$b hþAm ZOa AmVm h¡Ÿ& AV: CnÝ`mg H$m `h erf©H$ gmW©H$Vm H$s Ñ{ï> go AË`§V g_r{MZ bJVm h¡Ÿ&
2.4
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZŸ&
1.
"bJVm Zht h¡ {Xb _oam' ............... H$m AmË_H$WZ h¡Ÿ&
2.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$m àW_ g§ñH$aU ............... _| àH$m{eV hþAm h¡Ÿ&
3.
H$mZnwa Ho$ ............... àH$meZ g§ñWm Zo "AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$m àH$meZ {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
4.
H¥$îUm A{½ZhmoÌr Ho$ AmË_H$WZ Ho$ Xygao ^mJ H$m erf©H$ ............... h¡Ÿ&
5.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg ............... {d_e© Ho$ {dMmam| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
6.
~Q>dmao Ho$ nhbo gwa¡æ`m Ho$ Kadmbo CÎmaàXoe ............... Jm±d _| ahVo WoŸ&
7.
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _mVm-{nVm H$m Zm_ ............... h¡Ÿ&
8.
gwa¡æ`m H$s Aå_r VaÝZw_ Zo ............... _| E_. E. {H$`m WmŸ&
9.
{_bQ>ar _| H$m`©aV ZXr_ Zo ............... Xoe Ho$ gmW JÔmar H$s WrŸ&
34
10.
gwa¡æ`m H$s emXr ............... go H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ&
11.
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ n{V ............... _| H$m`©aV WoŸ&
12.
Xw~B© _| A§XéZr naoemZr Ho$ H$maU gwa¡æ`m H$s ............... XmoñVr hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ&
13.
S>m°. JrV Am¡a AOw©Z gwa¡æ`m H$mo Xw~B© go ^maV Ho$ ............... eha _| bo AmVo h¢Ÿ&
14.
A~ra ............... eha H$m ahZodmbm h¡Ÿ&
15.
AdYoe ............... Ho$ ^mB© H$m Zm_ h¡Ÿ&
16.
nm{H$ñVmZ _| ahZodmbr ............... H$s »dmBe h¡ {H$ CÝh| ^maV Ho$ am_nwa _| X\$Zm`m OmEŸ&
17.
kmZdVr ............... H$s _m± H$m Zm_ h¡Ÿ&
18.
_Zw H$s emXr ............... go hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
19.
gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra Xohbr go AmJam ............... XoIZo Ho$ {bE OmVo h¢Ÿ&
20.
A~ra Ho$ gwa¡æ`m H$s {~_ma Aå_r H$mo ^maV bmZo Ho$ {bE ............... gr_m V` H$s WrŸ&
21.
............... gdmar _| _moQ>a gmB{H$b H$s grQ>| hQ>mH$a dhm± Q´>m°br OmoS> XoVo h¢Ÿ&
22.
BÝXm¡a XyaXe©Z Ho$ gh`moJ go nm{H$ñVmZr JObH$mam| _| ............... ^r ^maV Am OmVr h¡Ÿ&
23.
qhXw-_wpñb_ X§Jo ewê$ hmoZona AOw©Z, JrV Am¡a A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m BÝXm¡a go ............... eha _|
Mma {XZ Ho$ {bE OmVo h¢Ÿ&
24.
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ \y$\$s H$s ............... Zm_H$ XmoñV Jmodm _| ahVr h¡Ÿ&
25.
A~ra Ho$ AZwgma ............... Zm_H$ Xoe ^maV go ObVm h¡ Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ ^maV go
K¥Um H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
26.
nm{H$ñVmZr M¡qH$J nmoñQ> Ho$ JoñQ> hmD$g go gwa¡æ`m H$s ............... CR>mH$a bo JE WoŸ&
27.
A~ra Ho$ AZwgma Ym{_©H$Vm ~war Zht ............... ~war h¡Ÿ&
28.
qgY àXoe Ho$ Ho$~wS>oa g_mO _| bS>H$s H$m {ddmh ............... go H$a XoVo h¢Ÿ&
29.
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ AZwgma _whã~V H$mo H$moB© {_Q>m Zht gH$Vm Š`m|{H$ ............... Z Vmo qhXw hmoVo h¢ Z
_wgb_mZŸ&
30.
nmJbgr hþB© gwa¡æ`m H$mo _¥Ë`w Ho$ ~mX ............... Xoe _| X\$Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
35
2.5
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©
aogrS>|gr
AmÜ`mpË_H$Vm
^ñ_mgwa
dob\o$`a
ñH$s_
E_|S>_|Q>
AmS>å~a
{S>{g{ßbZ
XmñVmZ
dher
_w»dV
_wbmhOo
Zm{be
{damZm, d{O©V
~am§S>m
\$m[aJ
eJb
OhrZ
J¡a dm{O~
bwâV
{Mb_Z
nme{dH$
H¡$[a`a
\$Vdm
a¡~mB©
n[aX¥í`
Vgã~wa
na{_eZ
\$[aíVo
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
ñWm`r
^pŠV-^md
qhXw nwamU _o§ {M{ÌV EH$ amjg
{dH$mg
`moOZm
gwYma, n[adV©Z
{XImdm
AZwemgZ
H$hmZr
~~©a O§Jbr
_wam¡dV
XoIZm, {ZaIZm
\$[a`mX, A{^`moJ
{Z_©Zwî`
~am_Xm
_wŠV
H$m_Y§Ym
g_PXma
AZw{MV
AmZ§X
H$moZo go
Iy§Ima OmZda O¡gm
^{dî`
AmXoe (Ym{_©H$)
`hþ{X`m| H$s _{hbm Y_©Jwé
_mhm¡b, dmVmdaU
BÀN>m, AmH$m§jm
AZw_Vr
XyV (B©ída `m Aëbmh Ho$)
36
2.6
ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
1.
H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr
6.
am_nwa
2.
gZ 2014
7.
12.
3.
A_Z àH$meZ
8.
VaÝZw_ Am¡a ZXr_
11.
E`a\$mog©
13.
16.
VaÝZw_ (gwa¡æ`m H$s Aå_r)
21.
{M_H$s
22.
gwa¡æ`m
23.
26.
AmV§H$dmXr
27.
Y_mªYVm
28.
Am¡a-Am¡a-Am¡aV 5. ñÌr {d_e© (Zmar {d_e©)
9.
CXw©
10.
^maV
nadoO ImZ
BÝXm¡a
14.
O`nwa
15.
S>m°. JrV
18.
A~ra
19.
VmO_hb
20.
~mKm
Jmodm
24.
ehZmO
25.
MrZ
Hw$amU
29.
OO~mV
30.
^maV
S>m°. JrV
17.
4.
A~ra
2.7
gmam§e
1.
`h CnÝ`mg h_mao Xoe Ho$ {nN>bo gmR>-gÎma gmb H$m boIm-OmoIm h¡Ÿ&
2.
Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM VZmd H$m ~o~mH$ {MÌU {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
3.
nm{H$ñVmZ H$s gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$, amOZr{VH$ pñW{V H$m Bg_| ghr-ghr {MÌU {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
4.
nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ g_mZ h_mao ^maV Xoe _| ^r gmåàXm{`H$ CÀN>mX H$m Omo CJ« én g_`-g_` na Y_©
Ho$ R>oHo$Xmam§o X²dmam àJQ> {H$`m OmVm h¡, CgH$m ^r dU©Z Bg_| bo{IH$m Zo ~S>r {ZS>aVm go {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
5.
EH$ ào_ H$hmZr Ho$ gmW-gmW XmoZm| Y_moª Ho$ ~rM, XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ ~rM ^{dî` _| {Z_m©U hmoZodmbo
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$m S>amdZm {MÌ Bg_| àm_m{UH$Vm go {MVmam J`m h¡Ÿ&
6.
`h H$hmZr gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra O¡go AZoH$ qhXw-_wpñb_ `wdH$-`wd{V`m| H$s H$hmZr h¡ Omo Amng _|
ào_ Vmo H$aVo h¢ qH$Vw gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© Ho$ ^` go EH$ gmW ahH$a IweZw_m qOXJr {OZo H$s {hå_V
Zht H$aVoŸ&
7.
`h CnÝ`mg ^maV Ho$ gmW nS>m¡gr _wëH$ H$s {KZm¡Zr amOZr{V H$m g§X^© ^§S>m\$moS> H$aZodmbm EH$
àm_m{UH$ CnÝ`mg h¡ Š`m|{H$ Bgo nT>Zo Ho$ ~mX nmR>H$ H$mo MrZ Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ O¡go nS>m¡gr _wëH$ H$s
{KZm¡Zr Zr{V H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
8.
{díd _| \¡$b aho AmV§H$dmXr JVr{d{Y`m| H$m H|$Ð A~ nm{H$ñVmZ ~Z MwH$m h¡ VWm A~ ñd`§ nm{H$ñVmZ
hr AmV§H$dmX Ho$ {JaâV _| Am J`m h¡Ÿ& BgH$s OmZH$mar Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$ _mÜ`_ go hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
9.
Zmar Mmho qhXw hmo `m _wpñb_ CgH$m emofU Am¡a {eH$ma ha OJh ha Xoe _| hmoVm hr ahVm h¡Ÿ& Bg
^`mZH$ gË` H$s nhMmZ Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$ _mÜ`_ go ^{b^m±{V hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
10.
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf©, Amngr X²dof, Ym{_©H$ H$Å>aVm, `wÕ O¡gr àM{bV ^`§H$a pñW{V H$mo, XmoZm| Xoem|
Ho$ ~rM AJa H$moB© ~Xb gH$Vm h¡ Vmo dh h¡ _whã~V, Amngr ß`ma, BÝgm{Z`V Am¡a _mZdVm H$m
37
[aíVm Omo XmoZm| Xoem| H$s `wdm {nT>r Amng _| {dH${gV H$aoJrŸ& V^r XmoZm| _wëH$m| _| A_Z Am¡a em§{V
\¡$boJrŸ& Bg ~mV H$m {dídmg CnÝ`mg _| Xem©`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
2.8
ñdmÜ`m`
A) bKwÎmar àíZ Ed§ XrKm}Îmar àíZ
1.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw H$m gmam§e {b{IEŸ&
2.
CnÝ`mg Ho$ VÎdm| Ho$ AmYmana "AmZm Bg Xoe' H$WmZH$ H$s g_rjm H$s{OEŸ&
3.
"gwa¡æ`m, "AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s à_wI ñÌr M[aÌ h¡&' H$WmZH$ Ho$ AmYma na {ddoMZ
H$s{OEŸ&
4.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV Zm`H$ A~ra H$s$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmAm| H$mo {b{IEŸ&
5.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM Ho$ g§~§Ym| H$m boImOmoIm h¡Ÿ&'' H$WmZH$ Ho$
AmYmana ñnï> H$s{OEŸ&
6.
"" "AmZm Bg Xoe' EH$ Xw:Im§V ào_ H$hmZr h¡Ÿ&'' H$WmdñVw Ho$ AmYma na ñnï> H$s{OEŸ&
7.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV S>m°. JrV H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&
8.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg Ho$ erf©H$ H$s gmW©H$Vm ñnï> H$s{OEŸ&
Am) gg§X^© Ho$ àíZ
1.
""_oar ß`mar XmoñV, nmXar, nwamo{hV d ZoVm, AmX_r H$s H$_Omoar go dm{H$\$ hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE CZgo AnZo
H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ {bE amOZr{V aMH$a CZH$m emofU H$aVo h¢ Am¡a _Zwî` Ho$ {X_mJ H$s O_rZ H$mo ~§Oa
~Zm XoVo h¢ &'' (n¥. 10)
2.
""........ AmnH$m dVZ ? Vmo `o Š`m _wgb_mZm| H$m Amam_ Ka h¡ ? gwZm h¡ dhm± Vmo _wgb_mZm| H$mo
Zm¡H$ar VH$ R>rH$ go Zht {_bVr? do K~amE± d Im¡\$ _| OrVo h¢Ÿ&'' (n¥. 16)
3.
""Zm¡H$[a`m| _| ^oX^md ZhtŸ& g~ Amng _| ào_ go ahVo h¢Ÿ& daZm Vmo g^r ImZXmZm| _| bmbM go PJS>o
hmoVo hr h¢Ÿ& hm±, O~ Y_© H$m OwZyZ ~T>Vm h¡, V~ hr _mam-H$mQ>r _MVr h¡Ÿ&'' (n¥. 28)
4.
""...... ào_ H$s hm§S>r MT>r {H$ g~Ho$ _mWm| na ~b nS>oŸ& gmao Y_© Ho$ R>oHo$Xmam| Zo \$Vdo Omar H$a
{XEŸ& A~ H$hm± ^mJH$a OmVr? Am¡a h_mao ZoVm AmJ H$mo R>§S>r H$aZo _| H$moB© nhb Zht H$a nmEŸ& ~g
Ý`yO ~ZrŸ& A\$gmZo \¡$boŸ&'' (n¥. 33)
5.
""....... Eogm hr nmI§S> ha OJh h¡Ÿ& Y_© H$m ghr Moham Vmo Nw>nm hþAm h¡, ~g emXr-ã`mh, emXrewXm
Am¡aVm| d ào{_`m| H$mo X§S> XoVo g_` `o g~ Vm{b~mZr hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ&'' (n¥. 34)
6.
""_¡S>_ ß`ma H$moB© {Ibm \y$b Zht {Ogo H$moB© ^r VmoS> bo, Z hr ZXr H$m nmZr {Ogo H$moB© AmVm-OmVm
nr boŸ& ào_ Vmo dmo Am~Xma _moVr h¡ Omo grnr _| ~§X ahVm h¡, {Ogo ha H$moB© Zht nm gH$VmŸ& Omo g^r
38
H$mo Zht {_bVmŸ&'' (n¥.
35)
7.
""- Š`m g_P|Jr XmoZm| ! O{hb h¡Ÿ& A§JyR>m N>mn ! H¡$go g_Pm`| {H$ nmXar, n§{S>V, _m¡bdr _Zwî` H$s
H$_Omo[a`m± OmZVo h¢ Am¡a CÝht H$_Omo[a`m| H$m emofU H$a ^wZmVo h¢Ÿ& Y_© d _Oh~ H$^r B§gm{Z`V
H$mo Jw_amh Zht H$aVoŸ& gÀMm Y_© Vmo dmo h¡, Omo B§gmZ H$mo Xw:Im| d H$_Omo[a`m| go _wŠV hmoZo H$m amñVm
~Vm`oŸ&'' (n¥. 38)
8.
""-- _¢ ^r Zht Mmhÿ±Jr {H$ _oao {bE Vw_ AmJ na hr MbmoŸ& `y§ Vmo H¡$gr ^r {\$VaV hmo& _whã~V
H$mo H$moB© {_Q>m Zht gH$Vm A~raŸ& Š`m|{H$ OO~mV Z Vmo qhXy hmoVo h¢ Z _wgb_mZŸ&'' (n¥. 59)
9.
""- gwa¡æ`m dmo g_` Xya Zht O~ H$b H$m `wdm BZ gmar gr_mAm| H$mo VmoS> XoJmŸ& Š`m|{H$ dmo g_P
ahm h¡ {H$ B§gm{Z`V d _mZdVm d ß`ma go A{YH$ H$s_Vr OohmX d gr_mE± ZhtŸ& V~ Ho$db hmoJr
_whã~V Omo B§gm{Z`V H$mo ~T>m`oJrŸ&'' (n¥. 71)
10.
""AÀN>m h¡ Vw_ EH$ Eogo Xoe _| X\$Z hmo, Ohm± _oao, A§{H$V, AOw©Z d JrV O¡go bmoJ Vwåhmao AmZo H$m
B§VOma H$aVo-H$aVo AmO Vwåho ImoZo H$m XX© nmbo h¢Ÿ&'' (n¥. 90)
11.
""XoImo _¢ Vwåhmao {Xb _| Vmo hy± hr na gXm Ho$ {bE Vwåhmao gmW Zht ah ahr hÿ±Ÿ& na A~ Vmo h_| {_bZo
go H$moB© amoH$ Zht gH$VmŸ&'' (n¥. 91)
2.9
joÌr` H$m`©
1.
^maV Ed§ nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ g§~§Ym| na {Z~§Y {b{IEŸ&
2.
"gd©Y_©g_^md' na {Z~§Y {b{IEŸ&
2.10
A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE
1.
{H$VZo nm{H$ñVmZ - H$_boídaŸ&
2.
Q>monr ewŠbm - amhr _mgy_ aOm &
3.
V_g - ^rî_ ghmZr &
4.
bÁOm - Vgbr_m ZgarZ &
39
gÌ 5 : BH$mB© 3
AmZm Bg Xoe : nmÌ Ed§ g§dmX
AZwH«$_ :
3.1
CX²Xoí`
3.2
àñVmdZm
3.3
{df` - {ddoMZ
3.3.1
"AmZm Bg Xoe' : nmÌ Ed§ M[aÌ {MÌU
3.3.2
"AmZm Bg Xoe' : g§dmX
3.4
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ
3.5
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©
3.6
ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
3.7
gmam§e
3.8
ñdmÜ`m`
3.9
joÌr` H$m`©
3.10
A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE
3.1
CX²Xoí` :
Bg BH$mB© H$mo$n‹T>Zo Ho$ ~mX Amn CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV à_wI Am¡a Jm¡U nmÌm| H$m n[aM` nm gH|$JoŸ&
nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ {MÌU go CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw g_PZo _| ghm`Vm hmoJrŸ&
nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌJV {deofVmAm| go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&
CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV g§dmXm| go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&
CnÝ`mgH$ma H$s g§dmX e¡br go n[a{MV hm|JoŸ&
40
3.2
àñVmdZm :
CnÝ`mg H$s g_rjm CnÝ`mg Ho$ VÎdm| Ho$ AmYmana H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& BZ VÎdmo§ _| M[aÌ {MÌU Am¡a g§dmX
`o Xmo à_wI VÎd h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌ CnÝ`mgH$ma H$s H$ënZm H$s CnO hmoVr h¡, {\$a ^r CnÝ`mgH$ma H$B©
~ma h_mao Amgnmg Ho$ AZoH$ M[aÌm| H$mo AnZo CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& "AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s
CnÝ`mgH$ma S>m°. H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr ^r CnÝ`mg ^y{_H$m _| {bIVr h¡ {H$, ""`o bKw CnÝ`mg _oao OrdZ Ho$
H$B© `WmW© nmÌm| go gå~pÝYV h¡, Omo gm_m{OH$, amOZr{VH$ g_ñ`mAm| Ho$ H$maU C^ao d CnÝ`mg _| T>b
J`oŸ& gwa¡æ`m _oar {_Ì Wr, {OZH$m OmZo H$m J_ H$^r-H$^r {Xb _o| AQ>H$ OmVm h¡Ÿ&'' AWm©V Bg CnÝ`mg
Ho$ g^r nmÌ `WmW© _| T>bo hþE h¢Ÿ& Bg BH$mB© _| nmÌm| H$m M[aÌ {MÌU {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
g§dmXm| Ho$ ñVa na nyam CnÝ`mg g§dmXe¡br _| hr CY¥V hþAm OmZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| CnÝ`mgH$ma
H$_ ~mobVr h¡, nmÌ hr A{YH$ ~mVo H$aVo h¢Ÿ& CnÝ`mg H$s nyar H$WmdñVw g§dmXm| go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡Ÿ& Bg_|
dU©ZmË_H$Vm H$_ h¡Ÿ& N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o g§dmXm| go boH$a ~‹S>o-~‹S>o {dñV¥V g§dmX CnÝ`mg _| AZoH$ OJhm| na nm`o
OmVo h¢Ÿ& CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌ hr BVZo {dñVma go ~mVo H$aVo h¢ {H$ H$WmdñVw AnZo Amn AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡,
CnÝ`mgH$ma H$mo AnZr Amoa go Bg_| A{YH$ Hw$N> H$hZo H$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht bJVrŸ& Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmXm|
go hr CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌna A{YH$ àH$me ‹S>mbm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
3.3
{df` {ddaU :
3.3.1
"AmZm Bg Xoe' : nmÌ Ed§ M[aÌ {MÌU :
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg _| à_wI nmÌ h¢ - gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~raŸ& VaÝZw_, nadoO, JrV, XmXr, ZmZr
Am{X Jm¡U nmÌ h¢Ÿ& ""AmZm Bg Xoe'' CnÝ`mg H$s à_wI Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m h¡Ÿ& ^maV go {ZH$bH$a nm{H$ñVmZ
Om ~go _wgb_mZ dhm± _whm{Oa H$hbmE Am¡a gwa¡æ`m Bgr ÌmgXr H$s {eH$ma Zm{`H$m h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg Ho$ Ama§^
go boH$a A§V VH$ gwa¡æ`m H$s _mZ{gH$ pñW{V H$m `WmW© A§H$Z hþAm h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m :
CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m, à_wI ór nmÌ Ed§ H|$Ðr` nmÌ Ho$ ê$n _| gwa¡æ`m H$m M[aÌ-{MÌU hþAm h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s M[aÌJV {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢Ÿ&
1.
nT>r {bIr Zm{`H$m :
gwa¡æ`m Zo AnZr àmW{_H$ {ejm H$amMr Ho$ EH$ H$m°Zd|Q> ñHy$b _| àmßV H$sŸ& O~ gwa¡æ`m Xgdt nyar
H$a EÝQ´>§g _| JB© Vmo CgZo CXy© AX~ {b`m Am¡a Cg_o dmo E_. E. VH$ \$ñQ>© Šbmg nmVr ahrŸ& CgZo Aa~r
^r n‹T>r Am¡a Jm{b~ go boH$a Z`o em`am| H$s em`ar H$m AÜ``Z {H$`mŸ& {e{jV gwa¡æ`m gm{hË` Ho$ g§X^©
_| AnZo {dMmam| H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo hþE H$hVr h¡ ""Z Vmo nm{H$ñVmZ _| n‹T>m`m J`m eoŠ`{nAa ^maV go AbJ
Am¡a Zm hr ~«mC>qZJ'' gwa¡æ`m XmoZmo Xoem| H$s {ejm ì`dñWm H$mo EH$ Am±I go XoIVr h¡Ÿ&
41
gwa¡æ`m AnZr ñHy$br n‹T>mB© Ho$ gmW-gmW S´>mBqdJ H$aZm ^r OmZVr h¡ Am¡a AnZo n[adma Ho$ gXñ`m|
H$mo qOXm{Xbr Ho$ gmW Ohm± Mmho bo OmVr h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m Jm`H$s OmZVr h¡ Am¡a ao{S>Amo na JmVr ^r h¡Ÿ&
2.
~o_ob {ddmh H$s {eH$ma :
n‹T>r {bIr, hahþÝZar, Iw~gwaV, Iw~graV gwaæ¡ `m H$m {ddmh EH$ XwJZr C_« Ho$ a§S>dm ì`pŠV nadoO go
{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& nadoO ImZXmZr aB©g, ~‹S>r H$moR>r H$m _m{bH$ Ed§ H$B© Zm¡H$a MmH$a H$m _m{bH$ h¡, dh EAa\$mog©
_| H$m_ H$aZodmbm ì`pŠV h¡, {Oggo Ho$db EH$ _wbmH$mV na gwaæ¡ `m Ho$ {nVm Zo CgH$m {ddmh H$a {X`mŸ& {ddmh
Ho$ níMmV EH$ Q>r.ìhr. nÌH$ma Zo gwaæ¡ `m H$m B§Q>aìøy {b`m Am¡a Cgo AnZr Jm`H$s noe H$aZo H$m _m¡H$m {X`mŸ&
Cgr {XZ go nadoO _mZd go XmZd ~Z J`m Am¡a gwaæ¡ `m go dher ì`dhma H$aZo bJmŸ& gwaæ¡ `m Zo Bg dhernZ
H$mo MwnMmn ghZ {H$`m _Ja {Og {XZ nadoO Zo \y$\$r H$s 14 gmb H$s b‹S>H$s na dhemZm h_bm ~mob {X`m
V~ gwaæ¡ `m Zo MmHy$ CR>m {b`m Am¡a Cg b‹S>H$s H$mo Nw>Q>H$mam {Xbm {X`m Am¡a AnZo ZdOmV ~ÀMo H$mo boH$a
_m± Ho$ nmg Mbr JB©Ÿ& Bg àH$ma gwaæ¡ `m AZ_ob {ddmh H$r {eH$ma Zm{`H$m h¡Ÿ&
3.
Zem H$aZodmbr Zm{`H$m :
CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m AnZo n{V Ho$ ~oéIr go Am¡a CgHo$ ~Vm©d go Ka N>mo‹S>H$a _m`Ho$ Mbr OmVr h¡Ÿ&
AXmbV _| VbmH$ Ho$ H$m_H$mO go dh ~hþV hr AmhV hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg ~rM CgHo$ ZdOmV {eey H$s ^r
_¥Ë`y hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& AnZr ~oQ>r H$s Bg Xem H$mo XoIH$a CgH$m _Z hbH$m H$aZo Ho$ {bE {nVmOr Cgo CgH$s
Imbm Ho$ nmg Xw~B© ^oO {X`mŸ& dhm± ^r AnZr _m¡goar ~hZ Ho$ n{V Zo Cgna ~war ZOa ‹S>mbZm ewê$ {H$`mŸ&
BZ g^r ~mVm| go V§J AmH$a VZhm ~Zr gwa¡æ`m AnZr ghobr JrV Ho$ gmW ahVr h¡Ÿ& Bgr ~rM hmbmV Ho$
H$maU dh eam~ H$m Zem H$aZo bJVr h¡Ÿ& Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m H$m `h Zem H$aZm {Zhm`V qZXZr` h¡Ÿ&
4.
Iw_mar _| OrZodmbr Zm{`H$mŸ:
AmKmVm| go Nw>Q>H$mam nmZo Ed§ AnZr qOXJr Ho$ J_ ^wbmZo H$s {Z`V go Xw~B© nhw±Mr gwa¡æ`m JrV H$s
gIr ~Z OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cgr H$m àmoËgmhZ nmH$a S´>mBqdJ H$aZo bJVr h¡Ÿ& JrV Ho$ ^mB© AdYof Ho$ {_Ì A~ra
go gwa¡æ`m H$s _wbmH$mV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& XmoZmo qhXwñVmZ Ho$ ehamo _| Kw_Vo h¢Ÿ& XmoZmo {_bH$a Zem H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Zeo
Ho$ hmbV _| EH$ Xygao go eara g§~§Y ñWm{nV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BgHo$ níMmV gwa¡æ`m H$mo H$moB© nN>Vmdm Zhr, gwa¡æ`m
H$hVr h¡ ""Omo hþAm dmo J_ Zht
Z hmoVm Vmo J_ Z Wm
{H$gr H$s OwñVOy ^r Zht
Omo {_bm H$_ {_bm, na EH$ AmaOy nyar hþB©
^{dî` _| Š`m hmoJm nVm ZhrŸ& dV©_mZ _| Omo h¡ dht qOXJr WrŸ&''
42
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ n«ñVwV {dMma CgH$s Iw_mar H$mo Xem©Vo h¢Ÿ&
5.
IwX²Xma gwa¡æ`m :
nadoO H$mo N>mS‹o >H$a _m± Ho$ Ka OmZo Ho$ níMmV gwaæ¡ `m AnZo AmKmVm| go C^aZo Ho$ {bE Xw~B© Mbr J`rŸ&
gwaæ¡ `m H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V MwñV hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX gwaæ¡ `m goëgJb© `m [agoße{ZñQ> ~ZZo H$s Anojm 6 _mh H$s
H$‹S>r _ohZV H$a S´>mBqdJ H$m BåVohmZ XoH$a bm`g|g nmVr h¡ Am¡a‹ EH$ IwXX² ma BÝñnoŠQ>a Ho$ én _| gm_Zo AmVr
h¡Ÿ& Zm¡H$ar H$s nhbr VZ»dmh boH$a Ka nhþM± Vr h¡ Vmo _m± Am¡a XmXr Cggo H$hVr h¡ {H$ BVZo énE Vmo VwPo Voao
Aã~m hmW IM© Ho$ {bE XoV,o `hm± gwaæ¡ `m X²dmam {X`m J`m CÎma ~hwV hr _m_uH$ Ed§ CgH$s IwXX² mar H$mo Xem©Zo
dmbm h¡ - gwaæ¡ `m H$hVr h¡ - "Zhr XmXr OmZ ! dhm± ~¡R>-o ~¡R>o _¢ ImZm nH$m, Ooda nhZH$a qOXJr XheV
_| Zht JwOmaZm MmhVr' gwaæ¡ `m Ho$ àñVwV {dMma CgH$s IwXX² mar H$mo Xem©Vo h¢Ÿ& {H$gr Am¡a Ho$ Q>Hw $S>m| na nbVo
hþE EoemoAmam_ H$s qOXJr H$s Anojm H$‹S>s _ohZV go qOXJr JwOmaZm H$B© JwZm ~ohVa h¡Ÿ&
6.
ah_{Xb :
gwa¡æ`m H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmAm| _| g~go Ah_ h¡ CgH$m ah_{Xb hmoZmŸ& gwa¡æ`m g_mO _| \¡$bo
Am{W©H$ ^oX H$mo XoIH$a {Vb{_bm OmVr h¡Ÿ& g_mO _| EH$ Amoa do amOZr{VH$ ZoVm h¢ Omo nm±M gmb Ho$ {bE
MwZH$a AmVo h¢ Am¡a nm±M nr[‹T>`m| Ho$ {bE gm_mZ OwQ>mVo h¢ Am¡a Xygar Amoa do bmoJ h¢ CZHo$ ~ÀMo X§Jo Ho$
{eH$ma ~Zo ^r Vmo {eH$m`V VH$ Zht H$aVoŸ& Eogo hr EH$ Vm§Jodmbo H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$mo OmZH$a gwa¡æ`m
Cgo nm±M gm¡ H$m ZmoQ> XoVo hþE H$hVr h¡ ""MmMm Bg ~ma B©Xr na AnZo {bE Omo‹S>m _oar Amoa go ~Zdm boZm''
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ àñVwV dmŠ` CgH$s ah_{Xbr H$m hr à_mU XoVo h¢Ÿ& Vmo Xygar Am¡a VmO_hb Ho$ gm_Zo aod‹S>r
~oMZodmbo H$_{gZ ~ÀMo H$mo XoI CgH$s nm[admarH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$, e¡{jH$ pñW{V H$mo OmZZo H$m à`mg H$aVr
h¡ Am¡a Odm~ OmZZo na EH$ à{VàíZ CgHo$ _Z _| CR>Vm h¡ "`o Jar~ _w\${bg ^r h_mao Xoe _| h¡Ÿ& _oao nmg
Vmo EH$ hr gdmb h¡, Š`m `o ^r BÝgmZ Zht ?'
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ Bg àíZ _| hr CgH$s ah_{Xbr Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢Ÿ& _§{Xamo _| H$amo‹S>mo énE M‹TmE OmVo h¢ Am¡a
Jar~mo H$mo Hw$N> Zht {X`m OmVm Bgo boH$a ^r dmo ì`{WV h¡Ÿ&
7.
Ag\$b ào{_H$m :
gwaæ¡ `m n{V nadoO H$mo N>mS‹o >Zo Ho$ níMmV A~ra go ào_ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& A~ra EH$ qhXy `wdH$ h¡ {OgH$s _Zw
go emXr {ZpíMV hmo MwH$s h¡Ÿ& A~ra gwaæ¡ `m AmH§$R> ß`ma _| Sy>~o AZoH$ OJhm| na gmW Ky_Vo h¢Ÿ& CZH$m ào_
qhXwñVmZ-nm{H$ñVmZ H$s gr_mAm| H$m {eH$ma ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ& amOZr{VH$ hmbmV Ho$ {~K‹S>Vo hr CZH$m pìhgm nmg
Zht hmoVm Am¡a pìhgm IË_ hmoZo na do gmW Zht ah gH$VoŸ& {_bVo {~Nw>S‹ >Vo A~ gwaæ¡ `m D$~ MwH$s h¡ Am¡a AnZo
n«_o _o Aghmæ` ~Zr gwaæ¡ `m A~ra go H$hVr h¡ - "" _oam Š`m hmoJm ? Vw_Zo Vmo amñVm MwZ {b`m h¡Ÿ& _| H¡$go
{OD§$Jr ? {H$gr Am¡a H$m I`mb Vmo H$a hr Zht gH$Vr hÿŸ± &'' gwaæ¡ `m Ho$ àíZm| _| CgHo$ Ag\$b ào_ H$m gnZm
hr {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& gwaæ¡ `m Vmo ~gVo-~gVo CO‹S> JB© A~ CgH$m Am{e`mZm Zm_w_{H$Z h¡Ÿ&
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8.
Ym{_©H$ AkmZVm :
gwa¡æ`m H$m Ym{_©H$ AkmZ `Ì-VÌ {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m O~-O~ ^r AnZo Ag\$b ào_ H$mo gmoMVr
h¡ Vmo Bg g§gma go nbm`Z H$s ~mV gmoMVr h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m X²dmam JrV H$mo `h H$hZm H$s _wgb_mZ Am¡aV _pñOX
_| Z_mO Zht n‹S> gH$Vr nra, \$H$sa ~ZZo H$s Cgo Hw$amZ _| BOmOV Zht CgHo$ Ym{_©H$ AkmZ H$mo Xem©Vm
h¡ Š`m|{H$ Bñbm_ Zo Am¡aV H$mo Ohm± Mmho Z_mO n‹T>Zo H$m A{YH$ma {X`m h¡ Am¡a e{~`m ~gar EH$ nmH$Xm_Z
Ad{b`m hr WrŸ& ñÌr Ho$ {ddmh ~mø g§~§Ym| na H$mamoH$mar àWm Omo nm{H$ñVmZ _| h¡, `hm± ^r CgH$s JbV
gmoM àX{e©V H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Aghmæ` ~Z CgH$m `hþ{X`m| H$s Y_© Jwé a¡~mB© ~ZZm ^r CgH$s JbV gmoM
H$mo hr àX{e©V H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
qgY àXoe Ho$ Hw$~S>oa BbmHo$ _| b‹S>H$s H$m Hw$aAmZ go {ddmh {H$`m OmVm h¡, dh ^r g§nÎmr ~MmZo
Ho$ {bE, {~bHw$b JbV gmoM gm{~V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& AmO VH$ Xw{Z`m Ho$ {H$gr ^r H$moZo _| {H$gr ^r b‹S>H$r
H$m Hw$aAmZ go {ddmh Zm_w_{H$Z ~mV h¡Ÿ& Eogr ~war àWmAm| H$s Bñbm_ n¡adr H$aVm h¡ Zm BgH$s BOmOV
XoVm h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m Ho$ CnamoŠV g§nyU© H$WZ CgH$s Ym{_©H$ AkmZVm H$mo hr àX{e©V H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
9.
amOZr{VH$ gmoM :
1984
Ho$ ~å~B© X§Jo, 2002 Ho$ JwOamV X§Jo, gm~a_Vr EŠgàog na h_bm, Ah_Xm~mX Ho$ X§Jo, IyZ
Iam~m, Y_mªYVm Am{X Ho$ g§~§Y _| gwa¡æ`m H$hVr h¡ {H$, "Xmo ~§Xam| H$s b‹S>mB© _| Vrgao H$m bm^' `hm± Xmo
~§Xa qhXwñVmZ-nm{H$ñVmZ h¡ Vmo Vrgam ~§Xa BZ XmoZmo H$m b‹S>mH$a bm^ nmZodmbm ha dh amï´> h¡Ÿ& `hm± gwa¡æ`m
~‹S>r _m{_©H$ {Q>ßnUr H$aVo hþE VÏ` H$WZ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m AnZr amOZr{VH$ kmZ H$m g~yV XoVo hþE A~ra
go H$hVr h¡ {H$, ""A~ Vmo h_mao Xoe H$mo Iwbo Am_ AmV§H$dmXr Xoe H$hm Om ahm h¡, na§Vw A~ra gM H$h
ahr hÿ± {H$ nm{H$ñVmZr Adm_ em§{V gwHy$Z MmhVr h¡Ÿ& Cgo ^maV Ho$ à{V Z\$aV `m K¥Um Zht h¡Ÿ&'' gwa¡æ`m
Ho$ àñVwV dmŠ` XmoZmo Xoem| _| A_Z Ed§ em§{V H$m g§Xoe XoVo h¢, Omo H$s gamhUr` h¡Ÿ&
10.
XX©ZmH$ A§V :
amOZr{V Ho$ {~J‹S>Vo hmbmV Am¡a pìhgm IË_ hmoZo H$s Xem _| gwa¡æ`m H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ aob Ho$ amñVo OmZm
n‹S>m _Ja ~rM amñVo _| hr Cgna H$B© bmoJm| Zo ~bmËH$ma {H$`m, CgHo$ H$n‹S>o Vma-Vma H$a {XE, Cgo H$B©
{XZm| VH$ ImZm ^r Zht {X`m J`mŸ& BZ g~ n[apñW{VAm| Ho$ MbVo gwa¡æ`m Zo AnZm _mZ{gH$ g§VwbZ Imo
{X`m Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ d qhXwñVmZ H$s gahXm| na nmJb hmoH$a Ho$db A~ra H$mo ImoOVr {_brŸ& O~ A~ra
H$mo CgHo$ nm{H$ñVmZ nhþ±MZo H$s BÎmbm Z {_br V~ CgZo Cgo ImoOZo H$s H$mo{ee H$s, O~ gwa¡æ`m {_br
Vmo nyU©V: ào_{XdmZr ~Z MwH$s Wr CgH$m EH$ hmW nm{H$ñVmZ H$s gr_m na Vmo Xygam qhXwñVmZ H$s gahX
na Wm Am¡a CgHo$ àmUnIoé C‹S> JEŸ&
EH$ ~onZmh _whã~V H$aZodmbr ào{_H$m Zo AnZo Ag\$b ào_ Ho$ H$maU ñd`§ H$mo ñdmhm H$a {X`mŸ&
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gwa¡æ`m n‹T>r {bIr, AnZo {nVm Ho$ JbV \¡$gbo H$s {eH$ma, n{V Ho$ dh{e`mZm X[a¨XJr H$s {eH$ma
Am¡a {ddmh ~mø Ag\$b ào{_H$m {Og Zo gahXmo H$s amOZr{V H$s AmbmoMZm H$s Cgo gwYmaZo g§~§Yr AnZo
{dMma ì`ŠV {H$E na A§VV: Cgo AnZo àmUm| H$s AmhþVr XoZr n‹S>rŸ&
A~ra :
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$m Zm`H$ A~ra h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m H$s ghobr JrV Ho$ ^mB©
AdYoe H$m dh H$ar~r XmoñV h¡Ÿ& n‹T>m, {bIm, Iw~gwaV `h `wdH$ O`nwa H$s {H$gr H$ånZr _| _¡ZoOa Ho$
nX na H$m_ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& dh B§Xm¡a H$m ahZodmbm h¡Ÿ& A~ra H$m gwa¡æ`m go n[aM` JrV H$amam| XoVr h¡Ÿ& JrV
A~ra na `h {Oå_oXmar gm¢nVr h¡ {H$ dh gwa¡æ`m H$mo CgHo$ ZmZm-ZmZr go {_bm`oŸ& gmW hr CÎma ^maV Ho$
H$B© eham| _| ^r gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra gmW-gmW Kw_Vo h¢Ÿ& A~ra H$mo ^maVr` g§ñH¥${V Am¡a na§nam H$m ghr
kmZ h¡ AV: gwa¡æ`m H$mo dh AnZr na§nam Ho$ ~mao _| {dñVma go OmZH$mar ^r XoVm h¡ gmW hr _wpñb_ na§nam
Ho$ à{V ^r AnZr AmñWm à-àH$Q> H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m BZ XmoZm| H$m n[aM` BVZm Ñ‹T> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ CZ_| AÀN>r {_ÌVm ~Z OmVr h¡
Am¡a AmJo `hr {_ÌVm ào_ _| n[ad{V©V hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& ^bo hr A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m H$m ào_ g\$b Zht hmo nmVm
{\$a ^r EH$ gÀMo ào_r Ho$ én _| A~ra AnZr ^y{_H$m A§V VH$ {Z^mVm h¡Ÿ& ^maVr` na§nam, ^maVr`
amOZr{V Ho$ gmW-gmW {díd H$s amOZr{V H$m ^r {dñVma go OmZH$mar aIZodmbm A~ra _mZdVmdmXr Am¡a
CVZm hr g§dXoZerb ^r h¡Ÿ& A~ra H$s M[aÌJV {deofVmAm| H$m AÜ``Z {ZåZmZwgma {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
1.
_mZdVmdmXr :
A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m H$ma go g\$a H$a aho h¢, V^r g‹S>H$ na EH$ XwK©Q>Zm KQ>Vr h¡ EH$ qhXw n[adma Am¡a
EH$ _wgb_mZ n[adma H$s H$mao EH$ Xygao go Q>H$am OmVr h¡ Am¡a OJh na hr Xmo ì`pŠV X_ Vmo‹S> XoVo h¢Ÿ&
Eogr hmbV _| H$moB© CZ Km`bm| H$s _XX Zht H$aVm amñVm ~ZmH$a {ZH$b OmVo h¢Ÿ& Am¡a dhm± Ho$ ga{\$ao Hw$N>
Jw§S>o Bg KQ>Zm H$mo gmåàXm{`H$ én XoZo H$m à`mg H$aVo h¢ Eogr AdñWm _| A~ra gwa¡æ`m go {nN>br grQ>
na AñnVmb VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$s BOmOV boVm h¡ Am¡a gm_Zo {_bo e»e H$mo AñnVmb _| ^Vu H$admVm h¡Ÿ&
Km`b ì`pŠV H$m Zm_ IweuX ImZ hmoVm h¡ Omo OñQ>rg Hw$a¡er H$m BH$bm¡Vm ~oQ>m h¡Ÿ& OñQ>rg Hw$a¡er A~ra
Ho$ _mZdr` ì`dhma H$mo XoIH$a ewH«$JwOma ~ZVo h¢ Am¡a H$hVo h¢ {H$ Amn Zo qhXy hmoVo hþE ^r EH$ _wgb_mZ
H$s OmZ ~MmB© V~ A~ra H$hVm h¡ ""H$~ VH$ h_ nm{H$ñVmZt d qhXwñVmZr ~Zo ah|Jo ?'' A~ra Ho$ àíZ
_| _mZdr` ^md Hy$Q>-Hy$Q> H$a ^am h¡Ÿ& AnZo AmnH$mo CgZo Ym{_©H$Vm H$s g§H$sU©Vm _| Zht ~m±YmŸ& {demb
öX` H$m n[aM` XoVo hþE CgZo AnZm Xm{`Ëd nyU©V: {Z^m`m ZOa AmVm h¡Ÿ&
2.
Zm g_P n«o_r :
A~ra H$m {ddmh _Zw go {ZpíMV hmo MwH$m h¡Ÿ& _Zw EH$ gm°âQ>doAa B§{O{ZAa h¡, AÀN>m H$_mVr h¡Ÿ&
AnZo H$[aAa H$mo {ZImaZm OmZVr h¡Ÿ& {ddmh {ZpíMV hmoZo Ho$ ~mdOyX A~ra Yrao-Yrao gwa¡æ`m go _whã~V
45
H$aZo bJVm h¡Ÿ& O~ Bg ~mV H$m nVm gwa¡æ`m H$mo MbVm h¡ Vmo AnZr g\$mB© _| dh H$hVm h¡ {H$ O_mZo
H$s AmYw{ZH$Vm, nmíMmÎ` à^md, {Oå_oXm[a`m| H$m g§VwbZ BZ g~ Ho$ H$maU {ddmh Zht {H$`m na gÀMmB©
gwa¡æ`m ~VmVr h¡ {H$, "n~' Šb~m| _o b‹S>{H$`m| H$m AmgmZr go hm{gb hmoZm Am¡a {ddmh H$s ^yI hr Z ~MZm
`hr do H$maU h¡ {OgH$s dOh go Amn Zo A~ VH$ {ddmh Zht {H$`mŸ&
A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m _Zw H$m dmñVd OmZZo Ho$ ~mdOyX Zmg_Pr H$aVo hþE EH$-Xygao Ho$ Am¡a H$ar~ AmZo
bJVo h¢Ÿ& XmoZm| Zem ^r H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Zeo H$s Iw_mar _| eara g§~§Y ñWm{nV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Am¡a Eogm H$aZo Ho$
~mdOyX XmoZm| H$mo Bg H$m`© H$m H$moB© níMmÎmmn ^r ZhtŸ& XmoZm| _mZ boVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr Zo {H$gr go H$moB© dmXm
Zht {H$`mŸ& `hm± A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m XmoZm| hr n«o_r ^mdZmAm| _| ~hH$a AnZm Amnm ImoZodmbo, H$mb H$s {\$H«$
Z H$aZodmbo gm{~V hmoVo h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ gm_Zo amOZr{VH$ Ed§ amîQ´>r` ñVa na pìhgm Ho$ {bE g§H$Q> ^r AmVo h¢
BZ g~H$m Bb_ hmoVo hþE ^r do EH$-Xygao go ào_ _o AmH§$R> Sy>~ OmVo h¢Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg _o bìh {OhmX Ho$ _wX²Xo H$mo CR>m`m J`m h¡Ÿ& `hm± AnZr emXr V` hmo MwH$s h¡ BgH$m Bë_
hmoVo hþE ^r A~ra gwa¡æ`m go ào_ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& ào_ _| gmar hXo nma H$aZo Ho$ ~mX Cgo nm{H$ñVmZ ^oO H$a _Zw
go {ddmh H$aVm h¡Ÿ& `hm± A~ra Ho$ ì`pŠVÎd _| Eogo BÝgmZ Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢ {OgZo Xmo qOX{J`m| H$mo V~mh
H$a {X`m AnZr Zg_Pr Ho$ H$maUŸ&
3.
Ag\$b ào_r :
A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m Zo EH$ Xygao go ~onZmh _whã~V H$sŸ& amOZr{VH$ CWb-nwWb, pìhgm H$s g_ñ`mE±,
Am§Vaamï´>r` VZmd, _Zw H$s hH$sH$V BZ g~ Ho$ ~mdOyX do EH$ Xygao go ~onZmh _whã~V H$aVo aho & O~ EH$
Xygao go {~N>‹S>Zo H$m dŠV Am`m Vmo A~ra AnZr ^mdZmAm| H$s A{^ì`pŠV H$aVm hþAm H$hVm h¡ - ""gwa¡æ`m
{Og nb _¢ Vw_go ß`ma H$a ~¡R>m Cg g_` _¢ Z qhXy Wm Z ^maVr` _¢ Vmo ~g ào_r WmŸ&'' A~ra Ho$ `h
dMZ Cgo hmbmV go _O~ya Ag\$b ào_r H$ama XoVo h¢Ÿ&
A~ra AnZo ào_ H$s Ag\$bVm H$mo ~`mZ H$aVo hþE AmJo H$hVm h¡, ""XoImo gwa¡æ`m `h gM h¡ {H$
A~ h_mam {_bZ gab Zht, na Š`m h_go h_mar _whã~V H$moB© ItM gH$Vm h¡ ? dmo Vmo eara d AmË_m
Ho$ Oa}-Oa} _| ~§X h¡Ÿ& bmoJ h_mar hË`m Zht H$a gH$VoŸ& {dn[aV pñW{V`m| _| ^r AnZo ß`ma Ho$ à{V h__|
{Zð>m d gmhg h¡Ÿ& {Ogo Z nm{H$ñVmZ Z qhXwñVmZ IË_ H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&''
A~ra gmar gÀMmB© H$mo OmZVo hþE ^r bJmVma AmJo ~hVm Mbm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Cg_| Z ~JmdV H$aZo H$s
epŠV h¡ Z gË` H$mo _mZZo H$m gmhgŸ& dh Vmo hmbmV go g_Pm¡Vm H$aVm EH$ Ag\$b ào_r gm{~V hmoVm
h¡Ÿ&
4.
AnZo ào_ H$mo ñd`§ X\$Z H$aZodmbm ào_r :
EH$ Amoa H$ar~ AmVr hþB© emXr, Vmo Xygar Va\$ amOZr{VH$ CWb-nwWb dht IË_ hmoVm gwa¡æ`m H$m
46
pìhgm, BZ g~Ho$ MbVo A~ra Zo gwa¡æ`m H$mo ñd`§ nm{H$ñVmZ aob _mJ© go éIgV H$a {X`mŸ& Am¡a AnZr
hr emXr Ho$ CbPZm| _| CbPm ahmŸ& EH$ {XZ nm{H$ñVmZ \$moZ H$aZo na nVm Mbm {H$ A~ VH$ ^r gwa¡æ`m
AnZo Ka Zht nhþ±Mr V~ A~ra Zo Cgo Ohm± N>mo‹S>m Wm dhm± go ImoO ewê$ H$sŸ& A~ra H$mo gwa¡æ`m {_br Vmo
ghr na A~ dmo nmJb ~Z MwH$s WrŸ& Cgna ~bmËH$ma hmo MwH$m Wm Cgo BVZr `mVZmE± nhþ±MmB© JB© Wr {H$
dmo A~ EH$ qOXm bme ~ZH$a ah JB© WrŸ& CgH$s Am±Io nËWam JB© Wr Omo Ho$db A~ra H$mo XoIZm MmhVr
WrŸ& Am¡a A§{V_ ~ma A~ra Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo hr CgZo AnZm X_ Vmo‹S> {X`mŸ&
A~ra {Og gwa¡æ`m go ~ohX ào_ H$aVm Wm AmO dhr ào_ EH$ bme ~ZH$a CgHo$ gm_Zo WmŸ& A~ra
Zo nyao gå_mZ Ho$ gmW Cgo AnZo hmWmo go X\$Z H$a {X`mŸ& A~ra EH$ Eogm Xw^m©½`nyU© ì`pŠV h¡ Omo g~Hw$N>
nmH$a ^r Hw$N> Z nm gH$m, AnZo ào_ H$mo ñd`§ CgZo X\$Z H$a {X`mŸ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr :
gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr Jmoar-{MQ²>Q>r Am¡a AmH$f©H$, é~m~Xma eI{g`V aIVr h¡Ÿ& ~mobZo, MbZo, ImZo g~
_| EH$ AbJ CZH$m A§XmO h¡Ÿ& g\$mB© ng§X h¡Ÿ& âb°Q> _| OJh H$s H$_r Ho$ ~mdOyX Jwbm~m| H$s H$B© {H$ñ_o
CÝhm|Zo bJmB© h¡Ÿ& {Oggo ì`pŠV VamoVmOm hmo gHo$Ÿ& XmXr nm±M dŠV H$s Z_mO n‹T>Vr h¡ Am¡a amoOo Ho$ {XZm|
_| Jar~m| H$mo Ty>§T>-Ty>§T> H$a H§$~b Am¡a {bhm\$ ~m±Q>Vr h¡Ÿ& Ym{_©H$ H$Q>²Q>aVm Ed§ ^maV Ho$ {damoY go do H$mogmo
Xya h¡Ÿ&
qhXy-_wgb_mZm| Ho$ g§X^© _| XmXr H$hVr h¡ - ""Š`m qhXy Š`m _wgb_mZ g~ Aëbmh H$mo hr `mX H$aVo
h¢Ÿ& hm±, CÝh| `mX H$aZo H$m VarH$m g~H$m AbJ-AbJ h¡Ÿ&'' XmXr EH$ CXmÎm {dMmam| dmbr ImVyZ h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr H$mo Jm§Yr H$s hË`m Ho$ ~mX _O~yaZ qhXyñVmZ N>mo‹S>Zm n‹S>mŸ& J¥h H$bh H$s {ñW{V
_| CZH$s Amoa EH$ ^maVr` ZmJ[aH$ H$s Anojm EH$ _wgb_mZ H$s Ñ{ï> go XoIm J`mŸ& CÝh| AmJ _| Pm|H$Zo
H$s H$mo{ee hþB© BZ g~ go ~MVo-~MmVo XmXm d XmXr Xmo AbJ amñVm| go Xa-Xa ^Q>H$Vo hþE ~mKm gr_m
go àdoe H$aVo hþE noemda, bmhm¡a hmoVo hþE eaUmWu H¡$ån _| H$B© {XZm| VH$ n‹S>o ahoŸ&
XmXm-XmXr eaUmWu H¡$ånmo _| N>: _hrZo VH$ AbJ-AJb ^Q>H$Vo aho EH$ {XZ {_bQ>ar Ho$ gmW
ImoOVo-ImoOVo do EH$ Xygao go {_boŸ& AmO ^r ^maV N>mo‹S>Zo H$m J_ XmXr H$mo AË`{YH$ h¡Ÿ& nrN>o Ny>Q>o
[aíVoXmam| go dmo ~onZmh _whã~V H$aVo h¢, CZgo ^maV AmH$a {_bZm MmhVo h¢, na BgHo$ {bE XmoZm| _wbH$m|
H$s {g`mgV ~rM _| Am OmVr h¡Ÿ& AmO ^r CZHo$ _Z _| AnZm dVZ qOXm h¡Ÿ&
XmXr ñd`§ H$^r `hm± Zht Am nmB©Ÿ& Bgr{bE `hm± H$s {_Å>r, `hm± Ho$ nH$dmZ, `hm± Ho$ Jbr-H$m|M,
`hm± H$s {_R>mg ~`mZ H$a AnZr nmoVr H$mo qhXwñVmZ ^oO XoVr h¡Ÿ& AmO ^r CZHo$ OÁ~mVm| _| qhXwñVmZ qOXm
h¡Ÿ& CZH$s nmoVr gwa¡æ`m qhXwñVmZ AmH$a A~ra go ào_ H$a ~¡R>r Am¡a A~ A~ra Zo Cgo nm{H$ñVmZ éIgV
H$am`m Vmo dhm± nhw±M Zht nmB©Ÿ& A§VV: gwa¡æ`m H$s _m¡V Ho$ H$maU XmXrOmZ H$mo qhXwñVmZ AmZm n‹S>m AnZr
Z_ {ZJmhm| Ho$ gmWŸ& XmXrOmZ qhXwñVmZ AmB© Oéa na EH$ Eogm AmKmV CZHo$ _Z na hþAm {Oggo C^aZm
47
CZHo$ {bE Zm_w_H$sZ WmŸ& A~ra _| CÝh| ~ma-~ma qhXwñVmZ AmZo H$m Ý`moVm {X`m na XmXrOmZ ~onZmh J_
Ho$ gmW nm{H$ñVmZ éIgV hþB©Ÿ&
4.
gwa¡æ`m H$s ZmZr :
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ ZmZm-ZmZr am_nwa _o§ ahVo WoŸ& gwa¡æ`m nhbr ~ma CZgo {_bZo AmB© h¡Ÿ& ZmZm-ZmZr Cggo
{_bH$a ~oB§Vhm Iwe hmoVo h¡§Ÿ& CgHo$ _m_y-Imbm g^r Cgo Xwbma H$aVo h§¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m AnZr ZmZr H$s ~mV \$moZ
na _m± go H$amVr h¡, _m± ~oQ>r gmbm| ~mX ~mV H$aHo$ Iw~ amoVo h§¡, CZHo$ Bg éXZ _| CZH$m ñZoh hr PbH$Vm
h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m Zo AnZo ZmZr Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Vmoh\o$ Am¡a _odo bmE h§¡ {OÝh| XoIH$a ZmZr h{f©V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& ZmZm gwa¡æ`m
H$mo EH$ hOma énE XoZm MmhVo h§¡ Vmo ZmZr AnZo gmoZo Ho$ H§$JZ gm¡JmV Ho$ én _| gwa¡æ`m H$mo XoVr h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s éIgVr na Cgo Iy~ Vmoh\o$ {XE OmVo h§¡Ÿ& AnZo [aíVoXmam| H$m BVZm Xwbma XoIH$a gwa¡æ`m
^md{dìhb OmVr h¡Ÿ& Am¡a AnZo _m_y H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ Am ~gZo H$m Ý`moVm XoVr h¡Ÿ& V~ _m_y Cgo Odm~ XoVo
h¡§ - ""gwé ! h_ `hm± Iwe h¡Ÿ& _oam ~oQ>m {gpìhb OO h¡Ÿ& ^VrOm BÝH$_Q>¡Šg Am°{\$ga, h_o h_mao ^maV
_| gwHy$Z, M¡Z, AmOmXr h¡Ÿ&'' _m_y H$m àñVwV H$WZ ^maV _o§ ahZodmbo _ygb_mZm| H$m à{V{Z{YÎd H$aVm h¡
Omo gwHy$Z go qhXwñVmZ _| ah aho h¡Ÿ§&
VaÝZw_ :
gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± am_nwa bIZD$ H$s ahZodmbr h¡Ÿ& Jm§YrOr H$s hË`m Ho$ ~mX C_‹S>o X§Jmo§ H$s dOh go CÝh§o
_O~yaZ nm{H$ñVmZ OmZm n‹S>m bo{H$Z AmO ^r O~ CÝh| ^maV H$s `mX AmVr h¡ Vmo `hm± H$m ahZ-ghZ,
{_R>mB©`m±, nmZ, H$~m~, MmQ>, _wJ©_wñgb_ Am{X AZoH$ MrOm| H$mo `mX H$aVr h¡Ÿ& _O~yaZ dmo nm{H$ñVmZ Mbr
JB© daZm AmO ^r CZHo$ öX` _| `hm H$s `mX| VmOm h¡Ÿ& AnZr nwÌr gwa¡æ`m H$mo h_oem ^maV H$s éhmZr
[aíVm| Ho$ ~mao _| ~VmVr Zhr§ WH$Vr VWm gwa¡æ`m àíZ nyN>Vr h¡ {H$ Amn `hm± AmB© Š`m| ? V~ dmo Odm~
XoVr h¡ ""H$m¡Z AnZm dVZ _wëH$, N>mo‹S>Zm MmhVm h¡ ~ÀMrŸ& ^maV _| ^r Ym{_©H$Vm H$m OwZyZ M‹T>m,
AmV§H$dmXr n¡Xm hmo JE Am¡a Jm§Yr Or Ho$ _aVo hr qhXy-_wpñb_ X§Jm| Zo eha-Xa-eha COm‹S> {XEŸ&'' gwa¡æ`m
H$s _m± VaÝZw_ Ho$ àñVwV {dMma X§Jm| H$s ÌmgXr H$m OrVm-OmJVm gw~yV h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± BVZr _mZdVmdmXr h¡ {H$ O~ H$^r JrV Ho$ {nVm am_H¥$îU CZHo$ `hm± AmVo VaÝZw_
{H$MZ Ho$ ~V©Z Ymo-Ymo H$a CZH$m ImZm ~ZmVr Š`m|{H$ do do{OQ>o[aAZ WoŸ& CZH$m _Z IQ²>Q>m Z hmo Bg{bE
gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± nyar Ah{V`mV ~aVVrŸ& CZH$m _mZ-gå_mZ H$aVrŸ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± nadoO go [aíVm Omo‹S>Vo g_` gwa¡æ`m Ho$ {nVm H$mo gmar ~mVo g_PmVr h¡, C_« _| ~‹S>m,
a§Sw>Am ì`pŠV _oar ~oQ>r Ho$ _ob H$m Zhr§, na {nVm H$mo nadoO H$m A_ra hmoZm ^m J`mŸ& `hm± EH$ _m± AnZr
nwÌr Ho$ ^{dî` H$mo boH$a qM[VV hmo{V ZOa AmVr h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± VaÝZw_ H$s A§{V_ »dm{he h¡ {H$ Cgo am_nwa (qhXyñVmZ) _| X\$Zm`m Om` na `o
48
Zm_w_H$sZ OmZH$a gwa¡æ`m O~ ^maV Ky_Zo AmVr h¡ Vmo EH$ _wÇ>r {_Q²>Q>r AnZo gmW bo OmVr h¡ Vm{H$ CgH$s
AmIar »dm{he nyar hmo gHo$Ÿ& bo{H$Z EH$ g_` Eogm AmVm h¡ {H$ AnZr qOXJr H$s AmIar gm§go boZodmbr
VaÝZw_ AnZo n{V H$mo nm{H$ñVmZ _o§ N>mo‹S> BbmO Ho$ {bE ^maV AmVr h¡ Am¡a `ht nabmoH$ {gYmaVr h¡Ÿ&
VaÝZw_ H$s _¥Ë`y CgHo$ dVZnañVr H$mo hr Xem©Vr h¡Ÿ& gm§g Ho$ AmIar g_` Am¡aV AnZo n{V Ho$ nmg ahZm
ng§X H$aVr h¡ bo{H$Z VaÝZw_ BgHo$ {déÕ ^maV _| AmH$a X_ Vmo‹S>Zm Á`mXm ng§X H$aVr h¡Ÿ& VaÝZw_ EH$
gÀMr ^maVr` Zmar {gÕ hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
nadoO :
nadoO CnÝ`mg H$s à_wI nmÌ gwa¡æ`m H$m n{V h¡Ÿ& nadoO EAa\$mog© _§o H$m_ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& nadoO aB©g
ImZmXmZ go h¡Ÿ& ~‹S>r H$moR>r Am¡a ‹T>oa gmao Zm¡H$a-MmH$a CgHo$ `hm± _m¡OyX h¡Ÿ& dh em`amZm {_OmO Ed§ Iwbo
{X_mJ H$m ì`pŠV h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m Ho$ {nVm H$mo Ho$db CgH$m aB©g hmoZm hr ^m J`mŸ& dh Vmo gwa¡æ`m go XwJZr
C_« H$m ì`pŠV h¡ {OgH$s EH$ ~rdr X_ Vmo‹S> MwH$s h¡Ÿ& nadoO H$s Eogr AdñWm go gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± VaÝZw_
[aíVo go BÝH$ma H$aVr h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z {nVm gwa¡æ`m H$m {ZH$mh nadoO go H$a XoVo h¡§Ÿ&
nadoO EH$ g§H$sU© ~w{Õ H$m ì`pŠV h¡Ÿ& EH$ Q>r.ìhr. nÌH$ma X²dmam gwa¡æ`m Ho$ {bE B§Q>aìô`y Ed§ Jm`H$s
noe H$aZo H$s KQ>Zm go VwZH$H$a nËZr gwa¡æ`m go ~XgwbyH$s H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Cgo OéaV n‹S>Vo na Mohao na A°{gS>
S>mbZo VH$ H$s ~mV H$aVm h¡Ÿ& CgH$s `h H¥$Ë` CgH$s _mZ{gH$ Ed§ d¡Mm[aH$ g§H$sU©Vm Ho$ Xe©Z H$amVr
h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m H$s Iw~gwaVr H$hr§ ~a~mX Zm hmo Bg{bE CgH$m h_b {JamZo H$m nam_e© XoVm h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m CgHo$
Bg dhernZ H$mo MwnMmn ghZ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z {Og {XZ `h dher X[a¨Xm 14 gmb H$s \y$\$m$H$s ~oQ>r
na dhemZm h_bm H$aVm h¡ Vmo gwa¡æ`m Cgna MmHy$ CR>mH$a ~ÀMr H$s {h\$mOV H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bg KQ>Zm Ho$
níMmV gwa¡æ`m AnZo ~ÀMo gå_oV AnZr _m± Ho$ Ka Mbr OmVr h¡ na nadoO ~ÀMo H$mo H$moQ>© X²dmam hm{gb
H$aZm MmhVm h¡ na ~ÀMm _a OmVm h¡Ÿ&
Bg KQ>Zm Ho$ Wmo‹S>o hr {XZm| ~mX nadoO {\$a {H$gr hgrZm H$mo emXr n‹T>dmH$a Cgo \±$gm boVm h¡Ÿ& Xygam
ã`mh H$aZo Ho$ níMmV nadoO gwa¡æ`m H$mo ~wbmVm h¡, na gwa¡æ`m Zht OmVr Š`m|{H$ Cgo nadoO H$s Xygar ~rdr
~ZZm _§Oya Zhr§Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg H$m nadoO EH$ Eogm nmÌ h¡ Omo Xw{Z`m Ho$ gm_Zo ~‹S>m Iwe{_OmO Ed§ Iwbo {X_mJ dmbm ì`pŠV
gm{~V hmoVm h¡Ÿ& na AnZr nËZr go dh dher ì`dhma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Mohao na A°{gS> \o$§H$Zo H$s ~mV, h_b
{JamZo H$s ~mV, 14 gmb H$s b‹S>H$s go ~XgbyH$s CgH$s X[a¨XJr Ed§ dhernZ H$mo gm{~V H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
JrV :
JrV CnÝ`mg H$s EH$ ghmæ`H$ nmÌ Ho$ én _| gm_Zo AmVr h¡Ÿ& à_wI nmÌ gwa¡æ`m Am¡a JrV H$s nhbr
_wbmH$mV Xw~B© _| hmoVr h¡Ÿ& nhMmZ Yrao-Yrao ~‹T>H$a K{Zð> {_ÌVm _| ~Xb OmVr h¡Ÿ&
49
~r.E.^mJ
3
qhXr nona
7 /4
JrV EH$ Eogr ì`pŠV h¡ Omo gwa¡æ`m Ho$ AZoH$ àíZm| H$m CÎma gm{~V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& JrV-gwa¡æ`m H$mo S´>mBqdJ
H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aVr h¡ Am¡a gwa¡æ`m H$s amoOr amoQ>r H$m XadmOm Iwb OmVm h¡Ÿ& nadoO X²dmam Xr
JB© `mVZmAm| go gwa¡æ`m H$mo ~mha {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE JrV ha _w_H$sZ à`mg H$aVr h¡Ÿ& CgH$m {Xb ~hbVm
aho Bg{bE ñd`§ AZoH$ OJh gwa¡æ`m H$mo bo OmVr h¡Ÿ& AnZo hr ^mB© Ho$ AOrO XmoñV A~ra go gwa¡æ`m H$s
nhMmZ H$amVr h¡Ÿ& XmoZm| H$s XmoñVr O~ ß`ma _| ~Xb OmVr h¡Ÿ& Vmo XmoZm| H$mo AmJ«h ^r H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bg ß`ma
Ho$ A§Om_ go ^r dm{H$\$ H$amVr h¡Ÿ&
gwa¡æ`m Xw~B© _| Vmo dh CgH$m gmW {Z^mVr h¡ Am¡a Cgo AnZo gmW AnZo n[adma Ho$ ~rM ^maV ^r
bo AmVr h¡Ÿ& AnZo n[adma Ho$ ~rM CgH$m _Z ~hbVm aho Cgo {H$gr ~mV go R>og Zm nhw±Mo Bg Amoa CgH$m
{deof Ü`mZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
qhXw-_wpñb_ [aíVo, qhXwñVmZ-nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM H$m VUmd, _wpñb_ ñÌr H$s Xem, {ddmh g§~§Yr
_mÝ`VmE§ AZoH$ {df`m| na dh gwa¡æ`m go {dMma-{d_e© H$aVr h¡Ÿ& _mZdr`Vm Ho$ YamVb na dh h_oem
_mZdr` g§~§Ym| H$mo loð> _mZVr h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ _Z _o§ H$^r ^r [h§Xw-_wpñb_ ^oX {XImB© Zht XoVmŸ&
JrV EH$ g{hîUw Ed§ CXmÎm {dMmam| dmbr ^maVr` Zmar h¡ Omo {dXoe _| OmH$a ahr h¡ Am¡a dhm§ ^r
AnZo ì`dhma go ^maVr` gä`Vm Ed§ g§ñH¥${V H$mo AnZr H¥${V go gr§M ahr h¡Ÿ&
3.3.2
"AmZm Bg Xoe' : g§dmX
H$hmZr VWm CnÝ`mg _| "g§dmX' H$WmdñVw H$s OmZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g§dmXm| go H$WmdñVw AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mgH$ma g§dmXm| Ho$ X²dmam AnZo nmÌm| H$m n[aM` XoVm h¡Ÿ& nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ H$mo COmJa H$aZo H$m H$m_ g§dmX
H$aVo h¡Ÿ§& H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr X²dmam {b{IV CnÝ`mg H$s nwar H$WmdñVw g§dmXm| na {Q>H$s hþB© h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _|
CnÝ`mgH$ma H$B© ~ma AnZr H$WmdñVw H$mo ñd`§H$WZ go hr AmJo ~‹T>mVm h¡Ÿ& Eogo CnÝ`mgm§o _| g§dmXm| H$s
_mÌm H$_ hmoVr h¡, nmÌm| H$m M[aÌ KQ>ZmE± Am{X ~mVm| H$m H$WZ H$aVo hþE CnÝ`mgH$ma CZ ~mVm| H$m dU©Z
H$aVm h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z CnÝ`mgH$ma H$s EH$ AÝ` e¡br _| g§dmXm| Ho$ X²dmam hr KQ>Zm H$m {MÌU VWm nmÌm| Ho$
M[aÌ {M[ÌV {H$`o OmVo h§¡Ÿ& Eogo CnÝ`mg g§dmX àYmZ hmoVo h¡§Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| `h e¡br _hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg ^r Bgr e¡br _o§ {bIm {_bVm h¡Ÿ& dU©ZmË_H$Vm H$s VwbZm _| Bg_| g§dmXmË_H$Vm
A{YH$ {_bVr h¡Ÿ&
ZmQ>H$ VWm EH$m§H$s Am{X _o§ nmÌ EH$ Xygao Ho$ gm_Zo hmoVo h¡§ Am¡a do EH$ Xÿgao go ~mVMrV H$aVo, AÝ`
n[adoe ZmQ>H$H$ma _§M na àË`j I‹S>m H$aVm h¡, H$hmZr VWm CnÝ`mg _| g§dmXm| Ho$ Amgnmg H$s n[adoe
{Z{_©{V H$WZ VWm dU©Z Ho$ X²dmam H$s OmVr h¡, {Oggo g§dmX Am¡a A{YH$ à^mdnyU© hmoVo h¡§ Am¡a nmR>H$m|
Ho$ {bE ^r do A{YH$ ñnï> hmoVo h¡Ÿ§& g§dmX àH$Q> hmoZo go nhbo nmÌm| H$s _Zmod¡km{ZH$ pñW[V H$m kmZ
CnÝ`mgH$ma nmR>H$m| H$mo H$amVm h¡, gmW hr EH$ nmÌ Ho$ g§dmX H$m Xÿgao nmÌ H$s _Zmod¡km{ZH$Vm na Š`m
Aga hþAm `o Cg nmÌ Ho$ Odm~ go ^r nVm MbVm h¡ Am¡a gmW hr CnÝ`mgH$ma ^r Cg Xem H$mo AnZr
50
dmUr _o§ H$WZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& XmoZm| {dYmAm| Ho$ g§dmXm| _| A§Va `h hmoVm h¡ {H$ ZmQ>H$ Am[X Ho$ g§dmX nmÌ IwX
A{^Z` Ho$ gmW àH$Q> H$aVo h¡§ Am¡a CnÝ`mg Am{X Ho$ g§dmX hmoVo Vmo nmÌm| Ho$ h¢ bo{H$Z Cgo nmR>H$ n‹T>Vo
h¡§, Bg_| A{^Z` Zhr§ hmoVm Am¡a nmR>H$ H$s Xem, gwP~yP VWm AÝ` ~mVm| na `h {Z^©a hmoVm h¡ {H$ g§dmX
{H$VZo à^mdr h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| g§dmXm| H$s J{V, CgH$m à^md, n[aUm_ `h ~mV| nmR>H$m| H$s pñW{V, J{V
Am{X na hr {Z^©a hmoVr h¡Ÿ& `hr dOh h¡ {H$ g§dmXm| Ho$ ~mX ^r CnÝ`mgH$ma H$mo g§dmXm| H$m {díbofU H$aZm
n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ&
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg {ZpíMV hr g§dmXmË_H$ CnÝ`mg h¡Ÿ& Bg_| CnÝ`mgH$ma H¥$îUm A{½ZhmoÌr
AnZr Amoa go ~hþV hr H$_ ~mobVr h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg H$s nyar H$WmdñVw g§dmXm| Ho$ X²dmam hr AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡Ÿ&
~hþV hr H$_ OJhm| na dU©ZmË_H$Vm `m H$WZe¡br H$m à`moJ hþAm h¡ AV: A{YH$Va nmÌ hr g§dmXm| Ho$
X²dmam H$WmdñVw H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mVo h¢Ÿ& CnÝ`mg H$s nyar H$WmdñVw EH$ Eogo nmÌ H$mo {M[ÌV H$aVr h¡ {H$ {OgH$m
OÝ_ ^bo hr nm{H$ñVmZ _| hþAm h¡ bo{H$Z CgH$s O‹S>o ^maV^y[_ _| Y±g J`r h¡Ÿ& EH$ g§ñH¥${V H$m Xygar
g§ñH¥${V go g§dmX h¡Ÿ& D$nar Vm¡a na `hm± {XImB© XoZdo mbm g§dmX Xmo nmÌm| H$m g§dmX h¡, bo{H$Z dmñVd _| `hm±
EH$ Xoe H$s na§nam Xygar Xoe H$s na§nam go, EH$ Y_© Xygao Y_© go g§dmX H$aVo {XImB© XoVo h§Ÿ¡ & CnÝ`mg _| nmÌ
H$_ ~mobVo h¡§ ~pëH$ Xmo Xoe H$s na§namE± g§ñH$ma hr A{YH$ ~mVo H$aVo h§Ÿ¡ & Bg Vah Ho$ AZmoIo g§dmXm| H$mo ~‹S>r
Iw~r go CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo {M{ÌV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM H$s amOZr{VH$
pñW[V Ho$ gmW AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌ ^r AnZo ~mao H$_ Xoe H$s amOZr{V Ho$ ~mao _o§ A{YH$ ~mobVo
h¡Ÿ&§ `h g§dmX ì`pŠVJV ñVa na A{YH$ àH$Q> Zhr§ hmoVo ~[ëH$ dU©ZmË_H$ OmZH$mar XoZo hoVw hr A{YH$ Va
àH$Q> hþE {XImB© XoVo h¡,§ {Oggo g§dmXmo§ _o§ nmR>H$m| H$mo J[V H$m A^md {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ&
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmXmo Ho$ {deofVmAm| H$mo boH$a MMm© H$aVo g_` Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmXm|
H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ gmW CÝho§ AbJ-AbJ àH$mam| go {díbo{fV ^r {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& nyao CnÝ`mg _|
{ZåZ àH$ma Ho$ g§dmX {XImB© XoVo h§¡Ÿ&
1.
N>moQ>o, MwQ>{H$bo g§dmX :
CnÝ`mg _| AZoH$ OJhm| na N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o MwQ>{H$bo g§dmX {XImB© XoVo h§¡Ÿ& à_wIV: Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m Am¡a
Zm`H$ A~ra Ho$ ~rM hr A{YH$ g§dmX {XImB© XoVo h¡§Ÿ& AÝ` nmÌm| _| JrV, AOw©Z, VaÝZw_, XmXr Am¡a AÝ`
Jm¡U nmÌmo§ Ho$ g§dmX h¡ Omo N>moQ>o N>moQ>o h¡ {\$a ^r H$WmdñVw H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mZo _|o CZH$m _hÎd Oéa h¡Ÿ& àma§^
_| gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra Ho$ ~rM Ho$ g§dmXm§o H$m Ama§^ ^r àíZmoÎma Ho$ én_| N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o dmŠ`m| go hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z
BZ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o dmŠ`m| _| ^r EH$ Xygao H$mo Om±MZo, naIZo H$s AV: n[aM` nmZo H$s j_Vm h¡Ÿ& `o N>moQ>oN>moQ>o g§dmX hr CnÝ`mg Ho$ àma§^ _o nmR>H$m| H$mo nmÌm| H$m n[aM` XoZo _o§ g\$b hmoVo h§¡Ÿ&
BZ N>moQ>o N>moQ>o g§dmXmo§ _§o àíZ Am¡a CÎma Ho$ gmW-gmW EH$ Xygao H$mo nhMmZZo H$s EH$ bbH$ h¡, {Oggo
nmR>H$m| H$s {Okmgm ^r H$m`_ ahVr h¡Ÿ& nmR>H$ BÝht g§dmXmo§ go AmJo ~‹T>Vo ~‹T>Vo nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ H$mo Am¡a
51
CnÝ`mg Ho$ n[adoe H$mo g_PZo _o§ g\$b hmoVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go ""gwa¡æ`m ^r nrN>o-nrN>o Am JB© d nyN>m ""OZm~ H$hm± go Vear\$ bm aho h§¡ ?''
- AmJam go Am ahm hÿ§Ÿ&
- Amn Vmo _whã~V Ho$ _wH$m_ go Am aho h¡§, _¡§ ^r AmJam VmO_hb, \$Vohnwa grH$ar XoIZm MmhVr
hyٱ &
- ""Vmo Xoa {H$g {bEŸ& Am OmBE ZŸ&''
- ""Oéa H$moB© _m¡H$m {_bo VmoŸ&''
- ""dmo Vmo Ty>±T>Zo n‹‹S>Vo h§¡, O¡go A^r AmnZo Ty>±‹T>mŸ&'' _oh_yX h±gmŸ&
- Amn Š`m dhm± ^r h_oem nR>mZr {b~mg hr nhZVo h§¡ ?
- Zht, EH$X_ Zht, eQ>©-n|Q>, n¡Om_m-Hw$Vm©, em{X`mo _| eoadmZr ^r nhZVo h§¡Ÿ&''
D$nar g§dmXm| go nmR>H$m| H$mo nmÌm| H$m n[aM` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& g§dmX MwQ>{H$bo hmoZo Ho$ H$maU H$WmdñVw ~‹S>r
ghOVm go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡Ÿ& BZ g§dmXm| _o H$m\$s gab Am¡a ghOVm h¡Ÿ& g§dmXmo§ H$s ghOVm Ho$ H$maU nmR>H$
O~ `h g§dmX n‹T>Vo h¡§ Vmo _mZmo Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ h_ hr nmÌm| Ho$ gmW ~mVMrV H$a aho h¡Ÿ§& BZ N>moQ>o NmoQ>o
g§dmXmo§ Zo H$WmdñVw H$s J§^raVm H$mo Vm‹S>H$a Cg_| ghOVm bmZo H$m à`mg {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg _| AmE g^r Jm¡U nmÌm| H$m n[aM` ^r BZ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o g§dmXmo Ho$ X²dmam hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mgH$ma H$s `h {deofVm ahr h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo CZ g^r nmÌm| H$m n[aM` g§dmXm| Ho$ X²dmam hr {X`m h¡,
AnZr Am¡a go CÝhm|Zo nmÌm| H$m ~hþV hr H$_ n[aM` {X`m h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg Ho$ Jm¡U nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ {MÌU Ho$
{bE h_o CZHo$ X²dmam H$h| g§dmXmo§ na hr A{YH$ {Z^©a ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& BÝhr§ EH$-Xmo dmŠ`m| Ho$ g§dmX BZ
Jm¡U nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌ na àH$me ‹S>mbZo _o§ g\$b hþE h§¡Ÿ&
2.
{dñVm[aV OmZH$mar XoZodmbo g§dmX :
"AmZm Bg Xoe' `h CnÝ`mg ^bo hr D$nar Vm¡a na EH$ nm{H$ñVmZr Zmar Ho$ OrdZ H$s ÌmgXr H$mo
àH$Q> H$aVm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z dmñVd _| `h EH$ amOZr{VH$ CnÝ`mg h¡Ÿ& EH$ ñVa na ^maV Am¡a
nm{H$ñVmZ H$s amOZr[V H$s AZoH$ g_ñ`mAm| H$mo ^r CnÝ`mgH$ma X²dmam àH$Q> H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bg amOZr{VH$
{MÌU Ho$ {bE ^r CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo ~‹S>o-~‹S>o g§dmXm| H$m hr à`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& `h {dñVm[aV g§dmX Xoe H$s
pñW[V, J[V, àg§J VWm AZoH$ KQ>ZmAm| H$s OmZH$mar XoVo h§¡Ÿ& Mmho Vmo CnÝ`mgH$ma AnZo dU©Z _o AZoH$
àg§Jm| Ho$ ~mao _| {dñVma go ~Vm gH$Vr Wr bo{H$Z CÝhm|Zo Eogm Z H$aVo hþE± BZ g§dmXmo§ H$mo nmÌm| Ho$ _wI
go CX²K{Q>V {H$`m h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m Am¡a Zm`H$ ~‹S>r gQ>rH$Vm go {díd Am¡a amï´> H$s pñW{V`m| na
52
~mV H$aVo h§¡Ÿ& Eogo g§dmXm| H$s ^mfm nmÌmZwHw$b ~Z n‹S>r h¡Ÿ& nmÌm| Ho$ _wI go Am`o BZ g§dmXmo§ go nmÌmo Ho$
d¡Mm[aH$ kmZ H$m nVm MbVm h¡Ÿ& ^bo hr `h g§dmX H$B© OJhm| na ~mo{Pb hþE h¢, {\$a ^r BZHo$ X²dmam
amOZr[VH$ pñW[V VWm AZoH$ àmg§{JH$ KQ>ZmAm| na CnÝ`mg Ho$ nmÌ ~mVo H$aVo {XImB© XoVo h§¡Ÿ&
AZoH$ OJhm| na BZ g§dmXm§o _o§ H¥${Ì_Vm Am`r hþB© Wr {XImB© XoVr h¡, Hw$N> ~mVm| H$s {dñVma go
OmZH$mar XoZo hoVw CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo OmZ-~wPH$a Hw$N> g§X^© BZ g§dmXmo§ Ho$ X²dmam àH$Q> {H$`o h¡Ÿ§& àg§JmZwHw$b
Hw$N> g§dmX nmR>H$m| na EH$ AbJ à^md N>mo‹S>Vo h¡§ bo{H$Z Bg CnÝ`mg _| àH$Q> hþE Hw$N> {dñVm[aV g§dmX
àg§JmZwHw$b Zhr§ h¡Ÿ& àg§J KQ>Zm H$moB© ^r hmo amOZr{VH$ g§dmXm| H$mo ~rM-~rM _| Kwg‹S>Zo H$m CnÝ`mgH$ma
H$m à`mg H$WmdñVw H$s ghOVm H$mo hm[Z nhþ±MmVm h¡Ÿ& AZoH$ OJhm| na Zm`H$-Zm{`H$m e¥§Jm[aH$ n[adoe
_| ^r EH$ Xygao H$mo amOZr{VH$ OmZH$mar XoZo hoVw g§dmX H$aVo h§¡ Omo H¥${Ì_ bJVo h¢Ÿ& Eogo {dñVm[aV g§dmXm§o
_o§ EH$agVm H$m A^md h¡Ÿ&
3.
dU©ZmË_H$ g§dmX :
CnÝ`mg _§o g§dmX H$WmdñVw Ho$ {bE _hÎdnyU© hmoVo hr h¡ bo{H$Z ~rM-~rM _| CnÝ`mgH$ma H$mo gyÌYma
Ho$ én _§o AnZr Amoa go H$WZ H$aZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡ {Oggo nmR>H$m| H$mo Cg KQ>Zm VWm n[adoe H$s OmZH$mar
{_bVr h¡ Am¡a nmR>H$ CZ nmÌm| go AnZm [aíVm ~Zm boVm h¡Ÿ& AJa BZ nmÌm| Am¡a nmR>H$m| Ho$ ~rM gyÌYma
Ho$ én CnÝ`mgH$ma `[X AnZm C{MV Xm{`Îd Zhr§ {Z^mVm Vmo nmÌ Ho$ g§dmX _mÌ H$moao ~ZVo h§¡ Am¡a nmR>H$m|
H$mo BZ_| H$moB© é{M n¡Xm Zht hmoVrŸ& Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$ AZoH$ dU©ZmË_H$ g§dmXm| X²dmam `hr hþAm h¡ {H$ CnÝ`mg
Ho$ Xmo nmÌ Amng _| AnZr hr ~mVm| _§o BVZo Imo`o hwE h§¡ {H$ bJVm h¡ Am¡am| go CZH$m H$moB© [aíVm hr Zhr§
h¡, Bggo nmR>H$ BZ g§dmXm| go D$~ OmVm h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| H$B© OJhm| na BVZo ~‹S>o-~‹S>o g§dmX h¡ {Oggo
H$WmdñVw _mZmo éH$ J`r h¡& (CXmhaUmW©, n¥- 68 n¥. - 77) b§~o b§~o dU©ZmË_H$ g§dmXm§o X²dmam AZoH$
KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z nmÌm| Ho$ X²dmam {H$`m J`m h¡, BZ g§dmXmo _§o Am`o amOZr{VH$ g§X^m} H$mo XoIVo hþE nmÌm|
Ho$ ~mao _| nmR>H$m| Ho$ _Z A{dídgZr`Vm n¡Xm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Eogo g§dmXm§o H$mo {~Zm n‹T>o ^r `[X nmR>H$ AmJo ~‹T>Vm
h¡ Vmo ^r H$WmdñVw g_PZo _§o Cgo H$moB© {XŠH$V Zht AmVrŸ&
ZmQ>H$ Am¡a CnÝ`mg _| `hr A§Va hmoVm h¡ {H$ CnÝ`mgH$ma AnZr Amoa go dU©Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a nmÌm|
_§o AmH$f©H$ g§dmX hmoVo h§¡Ÿ& Bg CnÝ`mg _| AZoH$ OJhm| na Am`o dU©ZmË_H$ g§dmXm§o X²dmam Amdí`H$ à^md
H$m {Z_m©U Zht hmo nm`m h¡Ÿ& BgH$s EH$ dOh `h ^r h¡ {H$ g§dmXm| Ho$ nhbo H$s Am¡a ~rM-~rM H$s pñW[V
H$m dU©Z CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo Zht {H$`m h¡Ÿ& dU©ZmË_H$ g§dmXmo§ go CnÝ`mg _| EH$ ~mV `h ^r hþB© h¡ {H$ nmR>H$
bJmVma g§dmXm| _| Imo`m ahVm h¡Ÿ& _mZmo Cgo ZmQ>H$ XoIZo H$m Am^mg hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Eogo g§dmXmo _| H$B© ~ma EH$
hr dmŠ` Xmo-Xmo ~ma ^r Am`o h¡Ÿ& g§dmXm| H$s AI§[S>V e¥§Ibm Ho$ H$maU CnÝ`mg Ho$ Xoe-H$mb n[adoe H$m
dU©Z à^mdnyU© T>§J go Zht hmo nm`m h¢Ÿ&
53
4.
^mdZmË_H$ g§dmX :
g§dmXm§o go nmÌm| Ho$ M[aÌJV {deofVmAm| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& nmÌ O~ ~mobVo h§¡ Vmo CZHo$ CÀMma, {dMma
VWm A{^ì`pŠV go nmÌm| H$s d¡Mm[aH$, _mZ{gH$ pñW[V H$m kmZ ^r nmR>H$m| H$mo hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ^mdZmË_H$ g§dmX
nmR>H$m| Ho$ öX` H$mo Ny> boVo h§¡, {Oggo nmR>H$mo Ho$ _Z _| nmÌm| Ho$ à{V ghmZw^y[V VWm {dídmg àH$Q> hmoVm
h¡Ÿ& ""AmZm Bg Xoe'' CnÝ`mg _| ^r AZoH$ OJhm| na Bg Vah Ho$ g§dmX {_bVo h§¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m n‹T>r {bIr b‹S>H$s
h¡ dh AnZo n¡am| na I‹S>r h¡Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ ñVa na CgHo$ {dMma ~hþV hr gQ>rH$, ì`dhm[aH$ Am¡a H$B© OJhm|
na àIa ^r h¡ bo{H$Z AZoH$ OJhm| na O~ dh ì`[ŠVJV ñVana AmVr h¡ Vmo dh g§doXZerb ~Z OmVr
h¡Ÿ& Eogr OJhm| na CnÝ`mgH$ma H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr Zo ~‹S>o hr H$mo_b eãXm| H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m,
VaÝZw_, ZmZm-ZmZr Am{X nmÌm| Ho$ g§dmXmo _| CXw© eãXm§o H$m à`moJ A{YH$ hþAm h¡ {Oggo do g§dmX Am¡a
A{YH$ _Ywa Am¡a H$mo_b ~Z J`o h¢Ÿ&
gm§àXm{`H$ g§dmXm| Ho$ jUm| _| ^r CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo ~hþV hr H$mo_b Am¡a gQ>rH$ eãXm| H$m à`moJ {H$`m
h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra Ho$ ~rM Ho$ g§dmXmo _| Xmo àH$ma H$s g§doXZm {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ& XmoZm| ^r AbJ-AbJ
Xoe Y_© Ho$ h¢ bo{H$Z EH$ Xygao Ho$ Xoe-Am¡a Y_© Ho$ à{V CZ XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM _| AmñWm h¡ `hr dOh h¡ {H$
gmåàXm{`H$ {df`m| H$mo boH$a MbZodmbr BZH$s ~hg ^mdZmË_H$ ~Z J`r h¡Ÿ& Xygar Amoa A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m
Ho$ ~rM nZnZodmbm ào_, CZHo$ EH$m§V Ho$ nb, {_bZ Ho$ jU Am¡a {dah H$m ^` Eogr pñW[V _| ì`ŠV g§dmX
^r H$mo_bVm go A{^ì`ŠV hmoVo h§¡Ÿ& XmoZm| Ho$ {_bZ Ho$ àg§Jm| H$mo CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo dU©ZmË_H$ én go Zht
~[ëH$ g§dmXm| Ho$ X²dmam hr {MÌU {H$`m h¡Ÿ& O¡go ""A~ra _ñV Wm, CgZo Yrao go H$hm, ""_¢ AmnHo$ Ama-nma hmoZo H$mo V‹S>\$ ahm hÿ±Ÿ&'' {_bZ Ho$ níMmV
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _Z H$s ~mV H$mo CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo ~‹S>o H$mì`mË_H$ én go àñVwV {H$`m h¡ ""Omo hþAm dmo J_ Zht,
Z hmoVm Vmo J_ Z Wm,
{H$gr H$s OwñVOy ^r ZhtŸ&
Omo {_bm H$_ {_bm, na EH$ AmaOy nyar hþB©Ÿ&''
gmam§e _§o AZoH$ OJhm| na g§dmXmo§ _o§ Zm`H$-Zm{`H$m H$s g§dXo Zerb àH$Q> hþB© h¡Ÿ& Eogo OJhm| na H$mo_b
VWm à^mdnyU© eãXm| Ho$ à`moJ go CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmX nmR>H$m| Ho$ {bE ñ_aUr` ~Z J`o h¡Ÿ& g§dmXmo _| ì`ŠV hþB©
^mfm ghO h¡ hr bo{H$Z AZoH$ OJhm| na CXy© eãXm| H$m à`moJ {_bVm h¡ Omo nmÌmZwH$w b h¡ Am¡a Amdí`H$ ^r
h¡Ÿ& bo{H$Z gm_mÝ` nmR>H$ ^r BZ g§dmXm| H$mo g_P nmVm h¡Ÿ& H$WmdñVw Ho$ Ama§^ go A§V VH$ H$hmZr g§dmXmo§
go hr AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡ {Oggo Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ nmÌm| H$s ~mVo h_oem nmR>H$mo§ Ho$ H$mZm| na n‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg Ho$ VÎd "g§dmX' H$mo XoIVo hþE {ZpíMV hr H$hZm hmoJm {H$ Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmX à^mdnyU©
Am¡a gag ~Z n‹S>o h§¡Ÿ& nmR>H$mo _| H$WmdñVw Ho$ à{V é{M n¡Xm H$aZo _| `h g§dmX g\$b ~Z J`o h§¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m,
54
A~ra, JrV Am¡a AÝ` Jm¡U nmÌm| H$s M[aÌJV {deofVmE± CZHo$ g§dmXm| go hr A{YH$ àH$Q> hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mgH$ma H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr g§dmXmË_H$ én go AnZo H$Ï` H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo _| g\$b hmo JB© h¡Ÿ&
3.4
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ :
1.
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ ghobr H$m Zm_ ................... WmŸ&
A) grVm
2.
S>) VaÝZw_
~) \y$\$s
H$) Imbm
S>) ^m^r
~) grVmnwa
H$) ZmJnwa
S>) BÝXm¡a
~) B©Zm_
H$) B©~mXV
S>) BÁOV
~) N>V
H$) N>ßna
S>) N>S>r
~) B©ñbm_m~mX
H$) bmhmoa
S>) H$amMr
EH$ hmW CgH$m nm{H$ñVmZ H$s gr_m na Vmo Xygam ................... gr_m na WmŸ&
A) MrZ
10.
H$) g_rZm
"Xm_Z-E-H$moh' na Amn no[ag Ho$ Am`\o$b Q>m°da O¡go IS>o hmoH$a nyao ................... Z‹Omam
XoI gH$Vo hmoŸ&
A) B©bmhm~mX
9.
~) g‹{H$Zm
{~ëbr Ho$ ^mJ go ................... Qy>Q>mŸ&
A) {N>H$m
8.
S>) ñHy$b
h_mao _whå_X (ñd.) H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ dVZ H$s _whã~V _Zwî` H$m ................... h¡Ÿ&
A) B©_mZ
7.
H$) EAa \$mog©
gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± ................... eha _| X\$Z hmoZm MmhVr WrŸ&
A) am_nwa
6.
~) Zodr
gwa¡æ`m Xw~B© AnZr ................... Ho$ nmg OmVr h¡Ÿ&
A) MmMr
5.
S>) OrV
gwa¡æ`m H$s _m± H$m Zm_ ................... h¡Ÿ&
A) {PZV
4.
H$) {_Zm
nadoO ................... OJh H$m_ H$aVm WmŸ&
A) {_{bQ´>r
3.
~) JrV
~) OmnmZ
H$) ^maV
S>) ~m§JbmXoe
A~ra Zo ................... \$moZ bJm XmXr go gwa¡æ`m H$s I¡[a`V nwN>rŸWr&
A) B©ñbm_m~mX
~) bmhmoa
H$) B©bmhm~mX
55
S>) H$amMr
3.5
3.6
3.7
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, AW© :
1.
~am§S>m
: ~am_Xm
2.
dm{H$\$ hmoZm
: kmV hmoZm, _mby_ hmoZmŸ&
3.
_Oh~
: Y_©
4.
{b~mg
: H$nS>o
5.
_`ñga hmoZm
: AmgmZr go {_bZm
6.
bm{O_r
: A{Zdm`©
7.
éIgVr
: {~XmB©
8.
_wH$Ôa
: {H$ñ_V
9.
ImqdX
: n{V
10.
h_g\$a
: OrdZgmWr
ñd`§AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma :
1.
JrV
2.
E`a\$mog©
3.
VaÝZw_
4.
Imbm
5.
6.
B©_mZ
7.
qN>H$m
8.
B©ñbm_m~mX
9.
^maV
10.
am_nwa
H$amMr
gmam§e :
1.
CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV g^r nmÌ `WmW© én _| {M{ÌV hþE h¢Ÿ&
2.
CnÝ`mg H$mo Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m Ho$ OrdZ H$s ÌmgXr H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo _| CnÝ`mgH$ma nyU©én go g\$b
hþE h¢Ÿ&
3.
Zm{`H$m àYmZ Bg CnÝ`mg _| Zm{`H$m Ho$ ì`pŠVËd Ho$ AbJ-AbJ nhby Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h§¡Ÿ&
4.
Xygar Amoa CnÝ`mg H$m Zm`H$ A~ra H$m M[aÌ ^r `WmW© H$s ^md^y{_ na hþAm h¡, Bg_| H$ht
^r AmXe©dmX Zht {XImB© XoVmŸ&
5.
dmñVd _| Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$ XmoZm| à_wI nmÌ Xmo AbJ-AbJ g§ñH¥${V`m| H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo
h¡Ÿ§& Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m B©ñbm_ Y_© H$s AnZr na§namAm| Ho$ gmW-gmW AmYw{ZH$ Zmar Ho$ én _| ^r gm_Zo
AmVr h¡, Vmo qhXy g§ñH$mam| _| nbm A~ra ^mdZm Ho$ ñVa na AnZo g§ñH$mam| go ^r _wŠV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
6.
AÝ` Jm¡U nmÌm| H$m ^r `WmW© {MÌU CnÝ`mg _| hþAm h¡Ÿ& geŠV M[aÌ Ho$ AmYma na `h
CnÝ`mg g\$b ~Z n‹S>m h¡Ÿ&
7.
CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmX ^r `WmpñW{V Amdí`H$ én _| àH$Q> hþE h¢, H$ht-H$ht nmÌm| H$m dmVm©bmn
ì`pŠVJV ñVa na ^r hþAm h¡ {Oggo nmR>H$ Hw$N> OJhm| na C~ ^r OmVm h¡Ÿ& {\$a ^r CnÝ`mg
g§dmXmË_H$ ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ&
56
8.
nmÌm| Ho$ g§dmXm| go hr CZHo$ ì`pŠVÎd H$m n[aM` àmßV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& gmam§e _| M[aÌ-{MÌU g§dmX
BZ Xmo VÎdm| H$mo boH$a `{X CnÝ`mg H$s g_rjm H$s Om`o Vmo `h EH$ g\$b CnÝ`mg ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ&
3.8
3.9
3.10
ñdmÜ`m` :
1.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s Zm{`H$m gwa¡æ`m H$r Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmE± ñnï> H$s{OEŸ&
2.
Ag\$b ào_r A~ra H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo ñnï> H$s{OEŸ&
3.
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _mZ{gH$ CÛobZ H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&
4.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmXm| H$s g_rjm H$s{OEŸ&
joÌr` H$m`© :
1.
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg na AmYm[aV _amR>r _| {Z~§Y {b{IE &
2.
Bg CnÝ`mg H$mo _X²>XoZOa aIVo hþE, _amR>r _| H$hmZr {b{IE &
3.
CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw Ho$ AmYma na _amR>r _| bKwZm{Q>H$m {bIH$a _§MZ H$aZo H$m à`mg
H$s{OE &
A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
~mV EH$ Am¡aV H$s (CnÝ`mg) - H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr
OmoYm-_ram (CnÝ`mg) - H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr
Zrbmo\$a (CnÝ`mg) - H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr
bJVm Zht h¡ {Xb _oam (AmË_H$Wm) - H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr
Am¡a-Am¡a-Am¡aV (AmË_H$Wm) - H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr
57
gÌ 5 : BH$mB© 4
AmZm Bg Xoe :
Xoe H$mb VWm dmVmdaU, ^mfme¡br, CX²Xoí`, g_ñ`mE±
AZwH«$_ :
4.1
CX²Xoí`Ÿ&
4.2
àñVmdZm &
4.3
{df` - {ddoMZ &
4.3.1
"AmZm Bg Xog' : Xoe H$mb VWm dmVmdaU (n[adoe) &
4.3.2
"AmZm Bg Xog' : ^mfm - e¡br &
4.3.3
"AmZm Bg Xog' : CX²Xo>í` &
4.3.3
"AmZm Bg Xog' : g_ñ`mE± &
4.4
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ Ÿ&
4.5
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW© &
4.6
ñd`§-AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma &
4.7
gmam§e &
4.8
ñdmÜ`m` &
4.9
joÌr` H$m`© &
4.10
A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE &
4.1
CX²Xoí` :
Bg BH$mB© H$mo nT>Zo na AmnH$mo
-
1)
H$¥îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr Zo AnZo Bg CnÝ`mg _| Xoe-H$mb-dmVmdaU H$s Ñ[ï Omo dU©Z {H$`m h¡ CgH$m
n[aM` hmoJm &
58
2)
Xoe H$s Ñ{ï> go Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo {OZ ñWmZm| H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡ CZ ñWmZm| H$s Amn H$mo
OmZH$mar hmoJr &
3)
H$mb H$s Ñ{ï> go Bg_| Omo dU©Z {H$`m h¡ Cg H$mbIÊS> H$m, Cg g_` H$s ~mø pñW{V`m| H$s
OmZH$mar hmoJr &
4)
CnÝ`mg _| d{U©V ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ XmoZm§o Xoem| _o ~°Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX Org Vah H$m ~mh` Ed§ Am§V[aH$
dmVmdaU nZn ahm h¡ CgH$m ghr n[aM` hmoJm &
5)
CnÝ`mg AbJ-AbJ n[adoe go JwOaVm ahVm h¡ AWm©V BgH$m H$WmZH$ ^maV, nm{H$ñVmZ, Xw~B©,
MrZ gr_mE± Am{X na àH$me S>mbVm h¡ & Bg _| à`moJrV ^mfm Ho$ AbJ-AbJ T>§J, JOb, H${dVm,
em`ar, H$hmdV|, Am{X Ho$ {d{dY ^mfm à`moJ H$s OmZH$mar hmoJr &
6)
AmV§H$dmXr J{V{d{Y`m| H$s ^`§H$aVm H$m Bg_| gmjmËH$ma hmoVm h¡ &
7)
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$s Vrd«Vm H$m kmZ Bggo ^{b-^m±{V hmoVm h¡ &
8)
Xoe H$s AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX ~±Q>dmao Zo XmoZm| Xoem| H$s H$s JB© XwJ©[V H$s ghr OmZH$mar Bg_| AmnH$mo hmoJr
&
9)
BgHo$ ìX²>mam _mZdVmdmXr {dMmam| H$m _hÎd AmnHo$ g_P _| AmEJm &
10)
"gd© Y_© g_^md" `hr ha Y_© Ho$ _Zwî` Ho$ _mZdnZ H$m ghr _yë` h¡ BgH$m kmZ AmnH$mo hmoJm &
4.2
àñVmdZm :
qhXr gm{hË` joÌ _| CnÝ`mg {dYm g~go geº$ gm{hpË`H$ {dYm _mZr OmVr h¡ & g_rjH$m| Ho$
AZwgma `hr EH$ Eogr JÚ {dYm h¡ {Og_o _mZZr` g_mO H$m gdmªJrU {MÌU ~T>r hr gyú_Vm Ed§
dmñV{dH$Vm go {H$`m OmVm h¡ & H¥$îUm A{¾hmoÌr ìXmam àñVwV {H$`m J`m, "AmZm Bg Xoe' `h CnÝ`mg
Bg ~mV H$m ghr à_mU h¡ Ÿ& bo{IH$m Zo Bg CnÝ`mg _| AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX ^maV Ed§ nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM
hþE ~°Q>dmao Zo {Z_m©U H$s JB© Xwí_Zr, {Oggo XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ ~rM {nN>bo gmR>-gÎma gmbm| go Mb aho
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© VWm Am§VH$dmXr J{V{d{Y`m| go {Z_m©U hþB© ^`§H$a pñW{V na ~T>o hr àm_m{UH$Vm Ed§
dmñV{dH$Vm go àH$me S>mbm h¡ Ÿ& Bg CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV H$WmZH$ H$mo gOrd ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE bo{IH$m Zo
"XoeH$mb dmVmdaU' Bg Am¡nÝ`m{gH$$VÎd H$m ~S>r hr geº$Vm go à`moJ {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& ^maV-nm{H$ñVmZ
Am¡a MrZ g{hV AbJ AbJ ñWmZm| H$m Eo{Vhm{gH$, ^m¡Jm{bH$, AmÜ`mË_rH$ ñWmZm| H$m ~mOma Am¡a
Y_©ñWbm| H$m dU©Z Bg CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw H$s gOrd ~ZmVm h¡ Ÿ& AmV§H$dmX H$m Omo S>a, ^`, àma§^
go {MVmam J`m h¡, CgH$s J§^raVm Bgr {MÌU go H$^r Vrd« ~Zr Vmo H$^r VUmd _wº$ pñW{V {Z_m©U H$s
h¡ Ÿ& Bgr VËd Ho$ g_mZ bo{IH$m Zo ^mfm Am¡a e¡br Ho$ ^r {d{dY à`moJ `hm§ àñVwV H$aVo hþE AnZr
Hw$ebVm H$m n[aM` {X`m h¡ Ÿ& Bg_| {M{ÌV H|$X«r` {df` Am§VH$dmXr J{V{d{Y`m| go hmoZodmbm ^maV59
nm{H$ñVmZ XmoZm| Xoem| H$m ZwH$gmZ h¡ Ÿ& Bg H|$Ðr` g_ñ`mna CnMma ~VmVo hþE bo{IH$m Zo Bg CnÝ`mg Ho$
CXoXí` VÎd H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& Omo gd© Y_© g_^md, gmåàXm{`H$ EH$Vm, _mZdVmdmX, {dídem{V,
BÝgm{Z`V Am{X _mZ{d` _yë`m| H$s A{Zdm`©Vm H$m _hÎd ñnï> H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& àñVwV BH$mB© _| Bg CnÝ`mg
_| {M{ÌV BÝht ~mVm| H$s¨ {dñV¥V MMm© H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ&
4.3
{df` - {ddoMZ :
H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr Ûmam {b{IV "AmZm Bg Xoe' `h bKw CnÝ`mg g_rjmË_H$ Ñ[îQ go XoIo Vmo `h EH$
g\$b Ed§ CÀM H$moQ>r H$s aMZm ahr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| bo{IH$m Zo EH$ H$éUm_` ào_ H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go
gmåàXm{`H$ ^` H$m, {KZm¡Zr Ym{_©H$Vm H$m, ^`§H$a amOZr{V Am¡a {ZX©`r AmV§H$dmX H$m AË`§V
àm_m{UH$Vm go ~o~mH$ {MÌU àñVwV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ `h bKw CnÝ`mg Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ VÎdm| Ho$
_mnX§S> _| ^r n[anyU© n«_m{UV hmoVm hþB© {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& H$WmdñVw, M[aÌ-{MÌU Am{X VÎdm| Ho$ _mnX§S>mo
_| bKw CnÝ`mg OrVZm à^mdmË_H$ VWm g\$b ahm h¡, AÝ` Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ VÎdm| H$s Ñ[îQ go XoIo Vmo `hr
g\$bVm Ed§ à^mdmË_H$Vm H$m`_ aIr hþB© h¡Ÿ&
4.1.1 "AmZm
Bg Xoe' : Xoe H$mb VWm dmVmdaU
hmbm§{H$ CnÝ`mg _yë`m§H$Z H$aVo g_` XoeH$mb-dmVmdaU `m n[apñW[V H$m CëboI naånamJV VÎd
Ho$ én _| H$_-A{YH$ _hÎdnyU© _mZH$a A~ VH$ {H$`m OmVm ahm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| ^m¡Jmo{bH$ AWdm gm_m{OH$
pñW{V`m| H$m dU©Z CnÝ`mg H$s H$WmdñVw `m M[aÌm| Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg `m èhmg H$s pñW{V`m| H$mo COmJa
H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$`m OmVm ahm h¡Ÿ& qH$Vw {ÛVr` _hm`wÕ Ho$ ~mX npíM_r Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§{V VWm An[a{_V
d¡km{ZH$ Ed§ VH$ZrH$s CnbpãY`m| H$s àIaVm Zo g_ñV _mZd Om[V H$s ~m¡{ÕH$, _mZ{gH$ VWm gm_m{OH$
MoVZm H$mo Hw§${R>V Ed§ àgm[aV H$a {X`m h¡Ÿ& ^m¡{VH$ CnH$aUm| Vmo na_mUw AñÌm| H$s ^`mdhVm Am¡a A_mZdr`
ì`dñWm H$s {d^r{fH$m Zo _Zwî` àmUr H$mo ^`mH«$m§V, {Zarh Am¡a Agmh` H$a {X`m h¡Ÿ& _mZmo {ÛVr` _hm`wÕ
H$s {d^r{fH$m Zo g§nyU© _mZd OrdZ H$mo ~Xb {X`m h¡Ÿ& _mZdr` _yë`m| H$mo VWm OrdZ_mZm| H$mo ~XbH$a
EH$ ZE n[adoe H$mo OÝ_ {X`m h¡Ÿ& {OgHo$ gm_Zo AmO ha EH$ ì`pŠV AnZr Or{O{dfm Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r
Aghm` VWm KwQ>Zo Q>oH$Zo H$mo _O~ya h¡Ÿ& `hr n[adoe AmO gm{hË` H$s {d{dY {dYmAm| _| H|$ÝÐd{V© ñWmZ
J«hU H$a MwH$m h¡Ÿ& `h n[adoe XoeH$mb-dmVmdaU VÎM Ho$ {dnjr Ho$ ê$n _| AdVarV Zht hþAm h¡ ~pëH$
BgH$m AnZm EH$ AbJ ñWmZ h¡Ÿ& AmO Ho$ qhXr CnÝ`mg g[hV g^r {dYmAm| _| `h VÎd ñdV§Ì gkm Ho$
én _| à{V{ð>V hmo MwH$m h¡Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ AmO Am¡a A~ CnÝ`mg {dYm Ho$ A§VJ©V AmZodmbr ha EH$
aMZm H$m _yë`m§H$Z `m g_mbmoMZ Bgr ~Xbo hþE _yë`mË_H$ VÎd n[adoe H$mo H|$Ð _| aIH$a {H$`m OmZo bJm
h¡Ÿ& AWm©V n[adoe Ho$ én _| g_rjH$m| Ûmam CnÝ`mg _| aMZmH$ma Ûmam {M{ÌV ~mø OJV H$m boImOmoIm
naIm OmVm h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| A{b[IV gm_m{OH$, amOZr{VH$, Am{W©H$, Ym{_©H$, àmH¥${VH$ à^md H$mo J«hU
H$aHo$ CgH$s MMm© H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV n[adoe H$s MMm© H$aVo g_` Bg ~mV
H$m ^r Ü`mZ aIm OmVm h¡ {H$ n[adoe Ho$ {Z_m©U _| CnÝ`mgH$ma H$m _yb bú` VWm CÔoí` Š`m h¡? Š`m|{H$
60
AmYw{ZH$ CnÝ`mgm| _| H$Wm VWm M[aÌ H$o$ gwJ{R>V én H$mo jV-{djV H$aHo$ n[adoe `h VÎd ñd`§ H|$Ð
_| Am J`m h¡Ÿ& S>m°. X§Jb PmëQ>o Ho$ AZwgma ""g_ñV AmYw{ZH$ CnÝ`mg gm{hË` H$m gd}jU H$aZo na EH$
~mV ñd`§{gÕ hmo OmVr h¡ {H$ CnÝ`mg Ho$ Ho$ÝÐ go H$WmdñVw Am¡a M[aÌ {Vamo{hV hmoZo Ho$ gmW hr n[adoe
Ho$ AmH«$_U Zo dh H|$Ðr` ñWmZ J«hU H$a {b`m h¡Ÿ& `h n[adoe AZ§V epŠV VWm CgHo$ epŠVÎd Ho$ {d{dY
H$moUm| H$mo C^maH$a Cgo EH$ ZB© AW©dÎmm XoZo Ho$ {bE {H«$`merb ahVm h¡Ÿ& n[adoe Ho$ AÀN>o-~wao, _§Jb_`
AWdm ^`mdh Am{X AZoH$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ H$moU _Zwî` pñW{V`m| H$m `WmW© Ehgmg H$amHo$ CgHo$ OrdZ H$mo
BZ g~Ho$ ~rM go C~maH$a EH$ ZB© {Xem Am¡a _yë`dÎmm n«XmZ H$aZo Ho$ bú` go hr {M{ÌV {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ&
n[adoe Ho$ AmH«$_U H$s n[al_nyd©H$ H$s JB© A{^ì`pŠV Zo `WmW© Ho$ n«{V h_mar YmaUm H$mo A{YH$ _yV©Vm
Xr h¡Ÿ& Bggo CnÝ`mg H$m AdH$memË_H$ Am`m_ g_¥Õ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&'' (n¥. 105, CnÝ`mg g_rjm Ho$ ZE
à{V_mZ) S>m°. PmëQ>o g[hV AZoH$ g_rjH$m| Ûmam M[M©V {dMmam| go `ht ~mV ^{b-^m±{V ñnï> hmoVr h¡ {H$
"n[adoe' Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ g_rjm H$m Z`m _mnX§S>mË_H$ VÎd h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m {MÌU CnÝ`mgH$ma AnZr-AnZr
aMZmAm| _| dmñV{dH$Vm go hr Zht Vmo AË`§V ~o~mH$s go H$aZm nmR>H$m| Am¡a g_rjH$m| H$s Ñ[ï go A{Zdm`©
_mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& àñVwV CnÝ`mg "AmZm Bg Xoe' _| {M{ÌV n[adoe D$na{b{IV g^r Vm[ËdH$ _mnX§S>m§o H$mo
ñdrH$maVo hþE {bIm J`m CnÝ`mg bJVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ Bg_| {M{ÌV n[adoe g_rjm H$s g^r H$gm¡[Q>`m| na Iam
CVaVm hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& CgH$m gm_mÝ` n[aM` Bg àH$ma "AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg _| H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr Zo EH$ gmW g^r ~mø pñW{V`m| H$mo ~‹S>r gOrdVm go
gmH$ma {H$`m h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| {nN>bo gmR>-gÎma gmb _| ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM KQ>r hþB© ha ñVa
H$s KQ>Zm H$m ~‹S>r hr VQ>ñWVm go dU©Z {H$`m h¡Ÿ& ~Q>dm§ao Ho$ nhbo Am¡a ~Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX AmO VH$ BZ Xmo
Xoem| Ho$ ~rM amOZr{VH$, gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$ joÌ g[hV {díd ñVa na KQ>Zodmbr
KQ>ZmAm| H$m ^r dU©Z ~‹S>r hr àm_m{UH$Vm go {H$`m hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& BZ XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ ~rM AmOmXr
Ho$ nyd© Am¡a AmOmXr Ho$ ~mX A~ VH$ Omo VUmd H$s pñW[V h¡Ÿ& Cg {ñW[V H$m `WmW© dU©Z hr Bg bKw
CnÝ`mg H$m n[adoe h¡Ÿ& amOZr{V Ho$ ñVa na XmoZm| Xoem| H$s ahr nhMmZ na Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo ~‹S>r
{ZS>aVm go MMm© H$s h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ AZwgma AmO ""nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo$Iwbo Am_ AmV§H$dmXr Xoe H$hm OmVm h¡''
(n¥. 79) CgH$s VwbZm _| ^maV AmO ^r gw§XaVm, na§namAmo d {d{^ÝZ g§ñH¥${V`mo| dmbm Xoe h¡Ÿ& Bg na ^maV
_| \¡$bo {KZm¡Zr amOZr{V _§{Ì`m| H$s ñdmWmªYVm, JwZhJmam| H$mo ~ma-~ma _wAm\$ H$aZm Am¡a n‹S>mogr _wëH$ Ûmam
~ma ~ma ^`§H$a h_bm H$aHo$ ^r Ho$db Bemam XoZo VH$ H$s {hå_V {XImZm hr AmO Ho$ h_mao Xoe H$m gÀMm
n{adoe h¡ {Og na bo{IH$m Zo ~°. OrZm go boH$a A\$Ob Jwé VH$ Zo Iobr {KZm¡Zr amOZr{V Am¡a g¡H$‹S>mo
_Nw>Amam| H$s H¡$X go boH$a ga~OrV H$m ed {_bZo VH$ Ho$ {d{dY K[Q>>V KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go amOZr{VH$
n[adoe H$m Omo _m¡hmob bo{IH$m Zo Bg CnÝ`mg _| àñVwV {H$`m h¡ dh EH$ Amoa dmñV{dH$ h¡ hr Xygar Amoa
VQ>ñWVm Ho$ H$maU ~oOmo‹S> ~Zm h¡Ÿ& amOZr{VH$ n[adoe H$s `hr VQ>ñWVm CnÝ`mg H$mo Z nm{H$ñVmZr X²doîQ>m
~ZmVm h¡ Z ^maVr` n«o_r ~ZH$a {hÝXwËddmXr bJVm h¡Ÿ& dh Vmo nm{H$ñVmZ-^maV ghrV MrZ Ho$ ~rM VZmd
{Z_m©U H$aZodmbo g^r N>moQ>r-_moQ>r amOZr{VH$ JVr{d{Y`m| H$m boIm-OmoIm h¡Ÿ& Omo B{Vhmg Ho$ nÝZm| na
61
OrVZm àm_m{UH$ Ed§ Ord§V h¡ Cggo H$B© JwUm Á`mXm Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo Cgo n[adoe Ho$ én _|
gOrdVm go gmH$ma {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV gm_m{OH$ Am¡a Ym{_©H$ n[adoe àma§^ go A§V VH$ AWm©V g§nyU© aMZm na N>m`m
hþAm h¡Ÿ& _mZmo `h nyam CnÝ`mg hr gm_m{OH$ Am¡a Ym{_©H$ AmMma-{dMmam| H$m ~ImZ h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| d{U©V
gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra H$s ào_H$hmZr Bgr n[adoe H|$ ^` go ^`^rV hmoH$a Xw:Im§V H$s Amoa àdmhrV hmoVr hþB©
{XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| Xmo Y_© _| {d^m{OV Xmo g_mO H$m {MÌU bo{IH$m Zo CZH$s g^r AÀN>r-~war
_mÝ`VmAm| H$mo àñVwV H$aVo hþE {H$`m h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV gm_m{OH$ n[adoe qhXw Am¡a _wpñb_ g_mO
H$s Am_ YmaUmAm| H$s, CZHo$ gm_mÝ` AmMma-{dMmam| H$s nhMmZ H$amVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go H$s Am_ OZVm H$mo X²dof,
d¡a, Jd©, OmVr`Vm, gmåàXm{`H$ {dX²dof, Ym{_©H$ g§Kf©, OmVr` à^wËd Am{X go H$moB© boZm-XoZm Zht h¡,
CÝh§o ~g AnZm {ZOr OrdZ gwI-em§{V Am¡a EH$Vm VWm gd© Y_© g_^md O¡go _mZdVmdmXr Ñ[ï go EH$
Xygao Ho$ gmW OrZm h¡ Am¡a ahZm h¡Ÿ& XmoZm§o g_mO H$s ha nr‹T>r BÝht {dMmam| go AnZm gm_m{OH$ OrdZ ~Q>dm§ao
Ho$ nhbo Am¡a ~Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX A~ VH$ OrZo H$s H$mo[ee H$aVr Am ahr h¡Ÿghr H$maU h¡ {H$ H$^r H$^ma
BZ Xmo g_mOm| Ho$ ~rM {dX²dof \¡$b ^r J`m Vmo Hw$N> g_` Ho$ ~mX XmoZm| g_mO {\$a EH$ ~ma em§{V Am¡a
gwHy$Z go AnZm X¡Z§{XZ gm_m{OH$ OrdZ OrVo hþE {XImB© XoVo h|Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m go ~mV H$aVo hþE ^maV _| XmoZm|
g_mO AWm©V qhXw Am¡a _wpñb_mo| H$s Bgr gm_m{OH$Vm H$s nhMmZ H$amVo hþE _h_yX Zo H$hm Wm {H$ ""g~
Iwbr hdm _| gm§g boVo h¢ Am¡a AnZr BÀN>m Zwgma OrVo h¢Ÿ& _ob _wbmH$mVm| _o§ H$^r gåàXm` AS>§Jo Zht
S>mbVmŸ& Omo Z\$aV 1947 _| OÝ_r Wr, dmo ~g AmJ R>§S>r h¡, ~g qMJmar eof h¡, Omo hdm bJVo hr ^S>H$Vr
h¡Ÿ& ~wPVr h¡ Am¡a {\$a dhr amoO H$m T>am©Ÿ&'' (n¥.17) g_mO Ho$ Bgr n[adoe H$m {MÌU bo[IH$m Zo AmJo
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ _m_y (n¥. 28) Am¡a JrV-AOw©Z (n¥. 69) VWm gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr Am{X Ho$ {dMmam§o VWm MMm©Am|
Ho$ _mÜ`_ go CnÝ`mg _o§ gm_m{OH$ n[adoe H$m {MÌU AË`§V àm_m{UH$ go {H$`m h¡Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ n[adoe H$s
VwbZm _| Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo Ym{_©H$ n[adoe H$m Omo {MÌU {H$`m h¡ dh A{YH$ ~o~mH$ {H$`m J`m
h¡Ÿ& ~Q>dmao Ho$ nyd© Omo g§Kf© eê$ hþAm Wm ~Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX AmO VH$ dhr Ym{_©H$ g§Kf© {H$g àH$ma go Am¡a
{H$VZr ^`§H$aVm go Mb ahm h¡ Bg ~mV H$m ghr ghr {MÌU Bg_| bo{IH$mZo AË`§V àm_m{UH$Vm go {H$`m
h¡Ÿ& Ym{_©H$ g§Kf© Or {H$ gm§åàXm{`H$ g§Kf© Bg CnÝ`mg na Bg H$Xa N>m`m hþAm h¡ {H$ BgH$s _w»` H$Wm,
Jm¡U ~Z MwH$s h¡ Am¡a nyam CnÝ`mg hr ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$m Eo{Vhm{gH$
XñVmEodO H$m én YmaU H$aVm hþAm bJVm h¡Ÿ& {Og_| gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra H$s ào_ H$hmZr g§daZo Ho$ ~Om`
{~J‹S> OmVr h¡Ÿ& Ym{_©H$ AWm©V gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© Ho$ Bg n[adoe _| CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV qhXw-_wpñb_ g^r
M[aÌm| H$m X¡Z§{XZ (Zr{O) OrdZ ZaH$gm ~Zm {X`m h¡Ÿ& ~Q>dmao Ho$ nhbo Am¡a ~mX _| Z MmhVo hþE ^r gwa¡æ`m
H$s XmXr H$mo, Aå_r H$mo, Bg dVZ H$mo N>mo‹S>Zo H$m Xw:I ghZ H$aZm n‹S>m WmŸ& (n¥. 14 go 19) ^maV Am¡a
nm{H$ñVmZ BZ XmoZm| Xoem| _| KQ>r hþB© ha KQ>Zm H$m VmëbwI gmåàXm{`H$Vm go ahm h¡Ÿ& bo{IH$m Zo Cgr Vah
go Bg CnÝ`mg _| ha KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡Ÿ& CZHo$ AZwgma ""Y_mªYVm ~war h¡'' (n¥. 29) Omo bmoJm| H$mo
Jw_amh H$aVr h¡, ^`^rV H$aVr h¡Ÿ& _wëbm-_m¡bdr n§S>rV AnZo AnZo Ym{_©H$ bmoJm| H$mo ^`^rV H$aVo h¡§,
62
S>amVo h¢Ÿ& Eogm hr nmI§S> ha OJh h¡Ÿ& _§{Xa _pñOX O¡gr nmH$ OJh AmO h{W`ma O_m {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ&
AmV§H$dmX Bgr n[adoe Zo nmb-nmogH$a ~‹S>m {H$`m hþAm ^ñ_mgwa h¡Ÿ& N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r JbV dmVmª na \$Vdo
{ZH$mbH$a Am_ bmoJm| H$m OrZm ham_ H$aZodmbo XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$ nmI§‹S>r R>oHo$Xmam| H$m Iy§Ima Moham ~oZH$m~
{H$`m h¡Ÿ& Bg ^`§H$a n[adoe Ho$ ~rM ^r Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo Hw$N> Eogr KQ>ZmE±, nmÌ Ed§ pñW{V`m|
H$m Bg H$Xa {MÌU {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ{Oggo n‹T>H$a nmR>H$m| Ho$ _Z _| ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ _| ah aho Am_ OZVm
Ho$ _Z _| gd© Y_©g_^md H$s ^mdZm {H$g Vah nZn ahr Wr Am¡a AmO ^r Cgr ^mdZm go bmoJ {H$g Vah
EH$-Xyga| go O‹w‹S> JE h¢ Bg ~mV H$m n[aM` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bgr ^mdZm go _mZdVmdmXr Y_© Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo XmoZm|
Xoem| _| EH$ Z EH$ {XZ {dH$mg hmo OmEJmŸ& Bg Vah H$s BÀN>m ì`ŠV H$aVo hþE bo{IH$m Zo n[adoe VÎd
H$mo CÔoí` VÎd Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>H$a AnZr _mZdVmdmXr gmoM g[hV IyX H$s H$m{~{b`V H$mo à_m{UV {H$`m
h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV bo{IH$m Zo CnÝ`mg _| H$am§Mr (nm{H$ñVmZ) Xw~B©, BÝXm¡a, O`nwa, AmJam, {Xëbr, _w§~B©,
Am|H$maoída, am_nwa Am{X ñWmZm| H$m ^m¡Jmo{bH$ Ed§ àmXo{eH$ {MÌU BVZr gOrdVm Ed§ àm_m{UH$Vm go {H$`m
h¡ {H$ nyam CnÝ`mg hr n[adoe H$s H$gm¡Q>r na Iam CVaVm h¡Ÿ&
4.3.2
"AmZm Bg Xoe' : ^mfm-e¡br
{H$gr ^r CnÝ`mg H¥${V H$s g_rjm H$aVo g_` _hÎdnyU© _mZo OmZodmbo H$WmdñVw, M[aÌ-{MÌU Am{X
na§namJV VÎd Ohm± ZE n[adoe Am¡a ZE aMZm à{H«$`m Ho$ Xm¡a _| Qy>Q>H$a {~Ia JE h¢ dhm± ^mfm VÎd AmYw{ZH$
CnÝ`mgm| Ho$ à`moJYm{_©Vm _| EH$ A{Zdm`© VWm _yë`dmZ VÎd ~ZH$a gmH$ma hþAm h¡Ÿ& BZ AmYw{ZH$
CnÝ`mgm| _| "^mfm' VÎd EH$ ñdV§Ì gkm VÎd ~Z J`m h¡Ÿ& Bgo Hw$N> g_rjH$ CnÝ`mg H$m _Ü`d[V© VÎd
^r _mZZo bJo h¢ Am¡a Cgr Ho$ AmYma na AmO CnÝ`mg H¥${V H$s do g_rjm H$aZo bJo h¢Ÿ& Bg Ñ[ï go XoIo
Vmo ^mfm VÎd AmO Ho$ g_rjH$m| Ho$ AZwgma Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ VÎdm| _| EH$ O~aXñV _yë`dmZ VÎd h¡Ÿ& Š`m|{H$
CZHo$ AZwgma `ht VÎd CnÝ`mg H$mo J{VerbVm, AW©dÎmm VWm _ybdÎmm àXmZ H$aZo _| Ah_ ^y{_H$m AXm
H$aVm h¡Ÿ& d¡go Vmo `h ^mfm _Zwî` Ho$ Am§V[aH$ ^md-^mdZmAm| H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZodmbm EH$ geŠV _mÜ`_
hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ^mfm "^mddm{hZr' hmoVr h¡ Š`m|{H$ dh _Zwî` Ho$ ^mdZmAm| H$m dhZ H$aVr h¡Ÿ& BgH$m à`moJ
gm_mÝ` én go gm{hË` Ho$ {d{dY {dYmAm| _| AbJ-AbJ ‹T>§J go {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg joÌ _| ^r ^mfm
H$m gmYmaUV: Xmo àH$ma go à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& EH$ CnÝ`mgH$ma H$s AnZr Amoa go Am¡a Xygam CnÝ`mg
_| {M{ÌV M[aÌm| H$s Amoa goŸ& CnÝ`mgm| _| à`mo[JV BZ XmoZm| àH$ma H$s ^mfm go Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ aMZmY{_©Vm
H$mo EH$ Vah go J[a_m àmßV hmoVr h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ ~mdOwX AmO Ho$ CnÝ`mgH$mam| Zo ^mfm H$mo Vrd« gåàofUj_
~ZmZo H$s ÑpîQ> go g^r àH$ma Ho$ ZE-ZE ^m[fH$ à`moJ AnZr-AnZr aMZmAm| _| {H$E hþE h¢Ÿ& Ako` Or
Ho$ AZwgma ""AmYw{ZH$ CnÝ`mgH$ma AZw^y{V Am¡a g§doXZm H$mo A{YH$ _hÎd XoVo h¢ {OgHo$ H$maU do
Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ {eën go ^r A{YH$ ^mfm na AnZm Ü`mZ H|${ÐV H$aVo h¡ Š`m|{H$ g§doXZm, AZw^y{V Am¡a ^mfm
H$m EH$ Xygao go Jham g§~§Y h¡Ÿ& CZHo$ CnÝ`mgm| H$s ^mfm grYo n[adoe Am¡a OrdZ `WmW© go CX²^yV hmoZo
H$m H$maU {dMmam|, ^mdmo Ed§ AZw^y{V`m| H$mo Ord§V dmUr Xo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&'' (AmË_ZodX n¥. 36) Bg Vah qhXr
63
gm{hË` joÌ _| H$m`©aV ZE CnÝ`mgH$mam| Zo ^m{fH$ ñVa na ZE-ZE à`moJ H$aVo hþE CnÝ`mg H$s
gO©ZmË_H$Vm, H$bmË_H$Vm, ^mfmË_H$Vm, àVrH$mË_H$Vm, ghOVm, JhZVm, {~å~mË_H$Vm Am{X {deofVmAm|
H$m {Zdm©h ~‹S>r ghOVm go {H$`m h¡Ÿ& H¥$îUm Amp½ZhmoÌr X²dmam àñVwV "AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg Bg ~mV H$m
ghr à_mU h¡Ÿ& Š`m§o{H$ Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m X²dmam à`mo[JV ^mfm Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ V~ H$s Ñ{ï> go Amdí`H$
ahr g^r {deofVmAm| go n[anyU© ^mfm H$m EH$ geŠV CXmhaU bJVr h¡Ÿ&
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s ^mfm H$mo_b, {dMmamoŠV, J§^ra gmW hr gmW AnZr àm¡‹T>Vm H$m n[aM`
XoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| nmÌm| Ho$ _mZg ^md H$mo àJQ> H$aZo H$s ghOVm ^r ahr h¡Ÿ& Bg_| bo{IH$m Zo H$ht H$ht na
{dMmam| H$s gyÌ~ÕVm Vmo H$ht H$ht na gmYmaU dU©Zm| go àñVwV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& _ybV: Bg CnÝ`mg H$s aMZmH$ma
EH$ ñÌr hmoZo go g§nyU© CnÝ`mg _| H$B© ~ma H$mì`mË_H$ ^mfm H$m à`moJ hþAm h¡Ÿ& {Oggo CnÝ`mg _| EH$
AbJ T>§J H$s g§JrVmË_H$Vm {Z_m©U hþB© h¡Ÿ& CXw©, A§J«oOr, ~§Jmbr, n§Om~r eãXm| H$m à`moJ bo{IH$m Zo ~‹S>r
ghOVm go {H$`m h¡Ÿ& g§dmXm| _| à`mo{JV ^mfm, H$mo_bVm Am¡a {dMmam| H$s ñnï>Vm àJQ> H$aVr h¡Ÿ& O¡go - "" Vw_ go gXm Ho$ {bE {~N>‹S>o _wPo Jdmam ZhtŸ& _Z H$aVm h¡ {H$ emXr go B§H$ma H$a Xy±, na do
bmoJ _oao _| nZnVo ß`ma H$s b§~mB© Zht Zmn gH|$JoŸ& CëQ>o Xmo n[adma Vhg-Zhg hmo OmE§JoŸ&
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`h g~ Vmo h_| nhbo hr go nVm Wm Z ?
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na Š`m Hw$N> gmoM d V` H$aHo$ hr ß`ma hmoVm h¡&
- hm±, gmoMm Wm H$moB© A{YH$ PJ‹S>m \$gmX Z hmoJmŸ&.......... `qX `o g~ _mao JE Vmo _oam Or{dV
ahZm H${R>Z hmoJm Am¡a gwa¡æ`m {Og nb _¢ Vw_go ß`ma H$a ~¡R>m Cg g_` _¢ Z qhÝXw Wm Z ^maVr` _¢ Vmo
~g ào_r WmŸ&
- _¢ ^r Zht Mmhÿ±Jr {H$ _oao {bE Vw_ AmJ na hr Mbm|Ÿ& `y§ Vmo H¡$gr ^r {\$VaV hmoŸ& _whã~V H$mo
H$moB© {_Q>m Zht gH$Vm A~raŸ& Š`m|{H$ OO~mV Z Vmo {hÝXy hmoVo h¢ Z _wgb_mZŸ&......... (n¥. 59)
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""A~ra, _wPo _wpñb_ hmoZo na ZmO h¡ Am¡a _¢ ß`ma Ho$ {bE ^r Y_© n[adV©Z gmoM ^r Zht gH$VrŸ&
`{X Vwåhmar Aå_r _wPgo `hr H$hoJr qH$ _¢Zo Vwåho \$m§gm h¡, Vmo _¢ Odm~ Zht Xy§Jr na Bg Xmof H$mo Zht
ñdrH$mé§JrŸ&'' (n¥. 67)
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""- hm±, A^r Vmo ß`ma H$s hm§S>r MT>r H$s nËWa CR>o, Cgo \$moS>m d H$ëboAm_ ewé &
- XoIZm A~ra, H$^r Z H$^r _Oh~ _| BVZm ~Xbmd hmoJm {H$ dmo B§gm{Z`V go AbJ IwX H$mo
g_PoJmŸ&
64
- hm±, gwa¡æ`m B©ída B~mXV Ho$ Bg AW© H$mo ~T>mdm Xo XoŸ& h__| Vmo Bgam ^r qOXm h¡Ÿ& h_mar _whã~V
H$mo H$moB© gr_m Y_© Zht IË_ H$a gH$VmŸ& (n¥. 72) BZ g§dmXm| Ho$ g_mZ nyao CnÝ`mg _| ^mfm H$m à^mdmË_H$
én AË`§V ghOVm go àñVwV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& {Oggo CnÝ`mg H$s ^mfm bo{IH$m Zo d¡gr à`ËZnyd©H$ ~ZmB© h¡ Eogm
bJZo Ho$ ~Om` CZH$s IwX H$s AnZr Z¡g{J©H$ ^mfm hmoZo H$m Ehgmg {XbmVr h¡Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Bg_|
àñVwV {H$E JE g§dmX N>moQ>o hmo `m b§~o, ^m{fH$ ñVa na do ~‹S>o hr à^mdmË_H$, nmÌmZwHy$b, KQ>ZmZwHy$b,
àg§JmZwHy$b Am¡a n[adoemZwHy$b hmoZo go nmR>H$m| H$mo dh ghr-ghr pñW{V H$s OmZH$mar AË`§V ghOVm go
XoVo h¡Ÿ& Bg_| ^mfm, nmÌmZwHy$b Bg H$Xa ~Zr h¡ {H$ CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV qhXy M[aÌ Am¡a _w{ñb_ M[aÌm| H$s
nhMmZ ~‹S>r ghOVm go hmoVr h¡Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ O~ JrV H$s _m± ~mobVr h¡ Vmo CgH$s ^mfm _| _mV¥^m{fH$
qhXrnZ Am OmVm h¡ Am¡a O~ gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr ~mobVr h¡ Vmo Cg_| DXw©nZ ghOVm go Am OmVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go (JrV H$s _m±) - ""H¡$go g_Pm`| {H$ nmXar, n§{S>V, _m¡bdr _Zwî` H$s H$_Omo[a`m± OmZVo h¢ Am¡a CÝht
H$_Omo[a`m| H$m emofU H$a ^wZmVo h¢Ÿ& Y_© d _Oh~ H$^r B§gm{Z`V H$mo Jw_amh Zht H$aVoŸ& gÀMm Y_© Vmo
dmo h¡, Omo B§gmZ H$mo Xw:Im| d H$_Omo[a`m| go _wŠV hmoZo H$m amñVm ~Vm`oŸ&'' (n¥. 38)
(gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr) ""- h_ Vmo gmoMVo Wo {H$ ^maV _| {H$gr Zo _wpñb_ OmZ h_mar ~oQ>r H$m H$Ëb
H$a {X`mŸ&....... ~oQ>o A~ra A~ h_mao _wëH$ H$s ^mfm d {dMma Vmo gm\$ h¡, na H$a {X`m h¡ gË`mZme
BZ hþH$_amZm| ZoŸ&'' (n¥. 90) JrV H$s _m± Am¡a gwa¡æ`m H$s XmXr Ho$ g_mZ CnÝ`mg H$m ha M[aÌ ^m{fH$
ñVa na AnZr nhMmZ ghOVm go XoVm h¡Ÿ& `h ghOVm d¡go Vmo bo{IH$m Ho$ ^m{fH$ à`moJ H$m H$m¡eë` h¡Ÿ&
CZH$s `hr Hw$ebVm CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV ha KQ>Zm Ed§ àg§J H$mo gOrd ~ZmVr h¡Ÿ& gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra H$s
ào_H$hmZr ^mfm H$m Bgr gOrdVm Am¡a H$mo_bVm Ho$ H$maU naV Xa naV Iwb hr OmVr h¡ Am¡a nmR>H$m| Ho$
_Z _| CËgwH$Vm, Ame§H$m, ghmZw^y[V, ì`mHw$bVm, H«$moY Am¡a {dÐmohmË_H$Vm Ho$ ^md g_`-g_` na CËnÝZ
H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bg ào_H$hmZr na àma§^ go hr gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$m XmoZm| Y_© Ho$ PyR>o R>oHo$Xmam| Ho$ H$ha ~agmZo
H$s Ame§H$m H$m MMm©Ë_H$ {MÌU ~ma-~ma {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& {Og_o `h ào_H$hmZr ^`§H$a gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf©
{Z_m©U hmoZo H$s Ame§H$m Ho$ X~md _| ewê$ hmoVr h¡, ~T>Vr h¡, MbVr h¡ Am¡a X~md _| IË_ ^r hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
Y_mªYVm Ho$ H$ha go H$m§nVr hþB© Bg ào_H$hmZr H$mo bo{IH$m Zo Ho$db ^mfm Ho$ ghmao Cgo AË`§V amoMH$,
CËgwH$VmnyU© VWm H$mo_bVm go gOm`m h¡Ÿ& Bgo amo_±Q>rH$ Am¡a à^mdmË_H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE bo{IH$m Zo H$mì`_`r
^mfm H$m AË`§V H$bmË_H$Vm go à`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& ào__` ^mdZm H$mo, {_bZ H$s CËgwH$Vm H$mo, {dah H$s
doXZm H$mo, {~N>‹S>Zo Ho$ ^` H$mo, EH$ Xygao Ho$ {bE OrZo-_aZo Ho$ {bE JE H$ñ_odmXm| H$mo bo{IH$m Zo AnZo
^mfm Ho$ H$m¡eë` Ho$ ~bna ha àg§J H$mo BVZm gOrdVm go {MVmam J`m h¡ {H$ nmR>H$ Ho$ _Z Am¡a _pñVîH$
na `h ào_H$hmZr EH$ `mXJma ~ZH$a ah OmVr h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE bo{IH$m Zo ha àg§J H$mo ào__` ~Zm`m h¡Ÿ&
Bg_| CXw©, Aa~r, \$magr, A§J«oOr VWm àmXo{eH$ ^mfmAm| Ho$ eãXm| H$m ~‹S>r ghOVm go à`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
àg§JmZwHy$b eoa, em`ar, JrVm| H$m {H$`m hþAm à`moJ (n¥. 19, n¥. 32, n¥. 33, n¥. 53 n¥. 71) Bg Xw:I_`
ào_H$hmZr H$mo ^r amoMH$ VWm à^mdmË_H$ ~Zm`o hþE {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$b-{_bmH$a àñVwV CnÝ`mg _|
65
~r.E.^mJ
3
qhXr nona
7 /5
H¥$îUm- Ap½ZhmoÌr X²dmam n«`mo{JV H$s hþB© ^mfm nmÌmZwHy$b, àg§JmZwHy$b hmoZo go g§nyU© CnÝ`mg H$mo gag Ed§
loîR>V_ ~ZmZo _| _XXJma hþB© {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg {dYm Ho$ g_rjmË_H$ _mnX§S> _| ^mfm VÎd H$mo Omo‹S>H$a AmZodmbm VÎd h¡ - e¡brVÎdŸ& qhXr
CnÝ`mg Ho$ àma§{^H$ H$mb _| Bg VÎd H$mo g_rjH$m| X²dmam Xwb©{jV hr aIm J`m Wm [H§$Vw AmYw{ZH$ `wJ
Ho$ AZoH$ _hÎdnyU© g_rjH$m| Zo e¡br VÎd H$mo A{Zdm`© _mZm h¡Ÿ& CZHo$ AZwgma `hr VÎd CnÝ`mg _|
OrdÝVVm, g§OrXJr Am¡a gm¢X`©MoVZm bmZo H$m _hÎdnyU© H$m`© H$aVm h¡Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ qhXr CnÝ`mg
joÌ _| H$m`©aV AZoH$ aMZmH$mam| Zo AnZr-AnZr Amoa go Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ aMZmAm| _| ZB©-ZB©, {d{dY e¡{b`m|
H$m à`moJ ~‹S>r ghOVm Ed§ g\$bVm go {H$`m hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> go H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr X²dmam àñVwV
{H$`m J`m `h CnÝ`mg AnZo gmW AbJ-AbJ gr AZoH$ e¡{b`m| H$m dhZ H$aZodmbm EH$ geŠV
à`moJY_u CnÝ`mg _mZm Om gH$Vm h¡ Š`mo§{H$ Bg CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo EH$ gmW AZoH$ e¡[b`m| H$m O¡godU©ZmË_H$ e¡br, nyd©XrpßV AWm©V âb¡e~¡H$ e¡br, CÕaUe¡br, g§dmXe¡br, JrVe¡br, à~moYZmË_H$ e¡br,
^mdmË_H$ e¡br, AmË_{ZdoXZmË_H$ e¡br Am¡a {díbofUmË_H$ e¡brŸà`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& bo{IH$m Zo AnZo Bg
CnÝ`mg H$m g§nyU© H$WmZH$ BÝhr {d{dY e¡[b`m| H$s ghm`Vm go gmH$ma {H$`m h¡Ÿ& àñVwV CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV
ha KQ>Zm, ha EH$ Ñí`, àg§J, nmÌm| X²dmam M{M©V AmMma-{dMma CZH$m ì`pŠVJV ì`dhma, Ym{_©H$gm_m{OH$-amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m± Dna{b{IV {H$gr Z {H$gr e¡br H$m àXe©Z H$aVr h¡Ÿ& `hr àXe©Z
g_rjm H$s Ñ{ï> go àñVwV CnÝ`mg H$mo e¡br VÎd Ho$ _mnX§S> _| EH$ g\$b à`moJY_u CnÝ`mg Ho$ én _|
à_m{UV H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
4.3.3
AmZm Bg Xoe : CX²Xoí`
qhXr gm{hË` joÌ _| CnÝ`mg {dYm AÝ` JÚ {dYmAm| H$s VwbZm _| àma§^ go hr _mZdr` OrdZ Am¡a
OJV H$m `WmW© {MÌU H$aZodmbm EH$ geŠV _mÜ`_ ~Zm h¡Ÿ& g_rjH$m| Am¡a {dX²dmZm| Ho$ AZwgma ha
CnÝ`mg H¥${V H$s {Z{_©[V Ho$ {nN>o CgHo$ aMZmH$ma H$m H$moB© Z H$moB© {d{eï> CÔoí` `m Img Ñ{ï>H$moU ahVm
hr h¡Ÿ& [~Zm CÔoí` Ho$ H$moB© ^r aMZm gmH$ma hr Zht hmoVr, `ht H$maU h¡ {H$ CnÝ`mg _| CÔoí` VÎd Adí`
CnpñWV ahVm hr h¡Ÿ& Mmho dh CÔoí` _Zmoa§OZ H$aZo H$m hmo `m _mZdr` OrdZ-OJV Ho$ ApñVËd H$m ~moY
H$amZodmbm hmoŸ& Bg àH$ma CnÝ`mg _| CÔoí` VÎd A{Zdm`© ahm h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg Ho$ CX`H$mb go boH$a
AË`mYw{ZH$ H$mb VH$ Ho$ g\$a _| {Og Vah CnÝ`mgm| Zo AnZo AbJ-AbJ én YmaU {H$E h¢, CÔoí` VÎd
_| ^r CZ énm| Ho$ AZwgma H$m\$s ~Xbmd {H$`m hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& AmO Ho$ CnÝ`mgH$mam| H$s YmaUmE±,
H$ënZmE±, OrdZ Ho$ à[V XoIZo H$m Ñ{ï>H$moU, ~XbVo OrdZ_yë`, ~XbVm gm_m{OH$, Ym{_©H$ n[adoe, {KZm¡Zr
amOZr{V go boH$a AmV§H$dmXr J{V{d{Y`m± VH$ H$s S>amdZr AZw^y{V`m±, Zr{O OrdZ go boH$a nm[admarH$
OrdZ VH$ H$s O{Q>bVmE±, ~XbVo [aíVo-ZmVo, ñÌr-nwéfm| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ ~XbVo g§~§Y Am{X ZB©-ZB© g_ñ`mE±
Am¡nÝ`m{gH$ aMZmAm| H$s {Z{_©[V Ho$ {bE {df`JV gm_J«r àXmZ H$a ahr h¡Ÿ& {Oggo dV©_mZ`wJrZ CnÝ`mg
OrdZ Ho$ ~hþ_wIr `WmW© H$m à{Vq~~ ~ZH$a CnpñWV hmoVm hwAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& AmbmoÀ` CnÝ`mg "AmZm
66
Bg Xoe' Bg ~mV H$s ghr à_mU h¡Ÿ& Eogm H$hm Vmo JbV Zht hmoJm Š`m|{H$ Bg CnÝ`mg _| H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr
Zo dV©_mZ `wJrZ g^r ~mø pñW[V`m| H$m Mmam| Va\$ dU©Z {H$`m h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _o {M{ÌV `h dU©Z BVZm
`WmW©, dmñV{dH$ Am¡a ~o~mH$s (Z½ZVm) H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo hþE nmR>H$m| H$mo Ho$db ~oM¡Z hr Zht H$aVm Vmo
CÝh§o gmoMZo Ho$ {bE _O~ya ^r H$aVm h¡ {H$ BZ ~mø pñW{V`m| _| EH$ Z EH$ {XZ ~Xb H$aZo Ho$ {bE h_o
à`ËZ H$aZm hr Mm{hE V^r _mZdVmdmXr Y_© {dH$[gV hmoH$a g^r bmoJ gwI, em§[V Am¡a gwHy$Z go ah|JoŸ&
ha Y_© H$s Ym{_©H$Vm `hr grImVr h¡ {H$ ha BÝgmZ Zo EH$ Xygao Ho$ gmW BÝgm{Z`V go ì`dhma H$aZm hr
gÀMm Y_© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `hr gÀMm Y_© _mZdVmdmX H$hbm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {OgH$s nwZ:ñWm©nZm Ho$ {bE H¥$îUm
Ap½ZhmoÌr Zo AnZo Bg CnÝ`mg H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& _mZdVmdmXr {dMmaYmam, gd© Y_©
g_^md O¡go _yë`m| H$m àMma Ed§ àgma H$aZm hr Bg CnÝ`mg H$s {Z{_©[V H$m _yb CÔoí` h¡Ÿ& AnZo Bg
CÔoí` H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE bo{IH$m Zo H$Ï` H$s Ñ{ï> go EH$ gw§Xa ào_H$hmZr H$m VmZm- ~mZm ~wZm h¡Ÿ& ào_H$hmZr
_| {M{ÌV Zm`H$ Am¡a Zm{`H$m qhXw Am¡a _wpñb_ Y_© Ho$ h¢Ÿ& ~±Q>dmao Ho$ nhbo Am¡a ~±Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX Xw{Z`m
Ho$ {H$gr ^r H$moZo _| ahZodmbo BZ Xmo Y_© Ho$ AZw`m`r EH$ Xygao Ho$ gmW {dídmg go ì`dhma H$aZo Ho$ ~Om`
EH$ Xygao H$m X²dof hr H$aVo AmE h¢Ÿ& Bgna XmoZm| Amoa go Y_© Ho$ R>oHo$Xma Am¡a AmnZo Zr{O \$m`Xo Ho$ {bE
{KZm¡Zr amOZr{VH$ Y_© Ho$ Zm_ na H$aZodmbo amOZoVm, EH$ hr Y_© Ho$ AZw`m`r`m| _| CÀM-ZrMVm {Z_m©U
H$aHo$ CZHo$ ~rM OmZbodm g§Kf© {Z_m©U H$aZodmbo Y_mªYm| Zo qhXw Am¡a _wpñb_ Ho$ ~rM nr{T> Xa nr{T> ^`§H$a
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$s pñW[V {Z_m©U H$s h¡Ÿ& ~±Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX Bgo A{YH$ Vrd« H$aZo H$m H$m`© XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$
Y_mªYm| Zo {Za§VaVm go {H$`m hþAm {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& Xygar Amoa Y_© Ho$ Zm_na qhXwñWmZ go AbJ amîQ´> ~Zo
nm{H$ñVmZ Zo IwX H$s Am§Vaamï´>r` nhMmZ ~ZmZo Ho$ ~Om` H$^r _Oh~ Ho$ Zm_na Vmo H$^r H$í_ra `m gr_m
àíZ Ho$ Zm_ na {KZm¡Zr amOZr{VH$ Iob Iobo h¢Ÿ& ^maV H$mo ImoIbm ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE `wÕ N>oS>o VWm
AmV§H$dmXr J{V{d{Y`m| H$mo ~T>mdm XoZo H$m {KZm¡Zm H$m`© H$aVo ahoŸ& ~Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ
XmoZm| Xoe h_oem VUmd H$s pñW[V _| ahVo AmE h¡Ÿ& Eogo _§o _wpñb_ Y_© H$s nm{H$ñVmZr b‹S>H$s gwa¡æ`m Am¡a
qhXw Y_© H$m ^maVr` b‹S>H$m A~ra Ho$ ~rM hþE ào_ H$s H$hmZr h¡ `h CnÝ`mgŸ& Bg_| bo{IH$m Zo Ym{_©H$
g§Kf©, gmåàXm{`Vm XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ ~rM A~ VH$ Mbo {KZm¡Zr amOZr{V, PyR>o Ym{_©H$ Jd©, _Oh~ Ho$ Zm_na
{ZH$mbo OmZodmbo ^`§H$a \$Vdo, Y_©J«§Wm§o Ho$ AmYma na Y_m] H$m {H$`m OmZodmbm emofU, Y_mªYmo H$s
Vm{b~mZr d¥{Îm, gr_m na H$m`_ ahZodmbm VUmd, nm{H$ñVmZr`m| H$s AmV§H$dm{X`m| Ho$ gmW ahr _rbr^JV,
^maVr`m| H$s ghZerbVm Am{X g^r ~mVm| na ào_H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go àH$me S>mbH$a `h à_m{UV {H$`m
h¡ {H$ Ym{_©H$Vm ~war Zht hmoVr Vmo Y_mªYVm ~war hmoVr h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE ha EH$ Zo Y_mªYVm H$mo Ë`mJH$a gÀMo
Y_© go ì`dhma H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& gÀMm Y_© Vmo dmo h¡ Omo B§gmZ Ho$ Xw:Imo d H$_Omo[a`m| go _wŠV hmoZo H$m amñVm
~VmVm h¡Ÿ& Y_© `m _Oh~ H$^r B§gm{Z`V H$mo Jw_amh Zhr§ H$aVoŸ& dh Vmo _mZdVmdmXr OO~mVmo§ H$mo {dH${gV
H$aVo h¢Ÿ Am¡a OO~mV Z qhXw hmoVo Z _wgb_mZŸ& dh Vmo ß`ma Am¡a _whã~V go BÝgmZ H$mo BÝgmZ Ho$ gmW
BÝgm{Z`V go ahZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aVo hwE _mZdVmdmXr , g_VmdmXr, em§VVmdmXr {dMmam| H$m àMma
Ed§ àgma H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BÝht {dMmam| H$m àMma H$aZm àñVwV CnÝ`mg H$m CÔoí` ahm h¡Ÿ& {OgH$s ny{V© EH$
67
ào_H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go, AË`§V à^mdmË_H$Vm go àmßV hþB© h¡Ÿ&
4.3.4
"AmZm Bg Xoe' : g_ñ`mE±
H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr X²dmam a{MV "AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg g_ñ`m àYmZ CnÝ`mg H$s H$moQ>r _| aIm OmE
Eogm Zht h¡Ÿ& `h Vmo EH$ C_Xm§ (àm¡‹T>) AdñWm _| nZnr ào_H$hmZr h¡, {Og_| XmoZm| ào_r ào_ H$s {h\$mOV
H$aZo H$s H$mo[ee H$aVo hþE {XImB© XoVo h¢Ÿ& hm§bm{H$ dh XmoZm| {déÕ Y_© Ho$, {déÕ amï´> Ho$ hmoZo go bo{IH$m
Zo XmoZm| Y_m] H$s, XmoZm| amï´>m| H$s EH$ Xygao Ho$ {déÕ ~Zr _mZ{gH$Vm, d¡Mm[aH$Vm, Amngr VUmd Ed§ g§Kf©
H$m BVZr VQ>ñWVm Am¡a `WmW©Vm go {MÌU {H$`m h¡ {H$ g§nyU© CnÝ`mg {nN>bo gmR>-gÎma gmbm| _| amï´r`
d Am§Vaamï´>r` ñVa na ^maVr` Ed§ nm{H$ñVmZr OZ gm_mÝ`m| H$m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZ, OrZ g_ñ`mAm| go Km`b
hmoH$a g§Kf© H$a ahr h¡, CZ gmar g_ñ`mAm| na à_m{UH$Vm go àH$me S>mbVm h¡Ÿ& Bg Ñ{ï> go XoIo Vmo bo{IH$m
Zo dV©_mZ `wJ _| {XImB© XoZodmbr ha g_ñ`mna AnZr Bg aMZm _| ~‹S>r hr B_mZXmar go ^mî` {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
CZ_| go à_wI g_ñ`mE± Bg àH$ma h¡Ÿ& O¡go ‹1.
amOZ¡{VH$ g_ñ`m
2.
Ym{_©H$ g_ñ`m
3.
gmåàXm{`H$ g_ñ`m
4.
gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`m
5.
ñÌr / Zmar g_ñ`m
6.
gr_mdmX H$s g_ñ`m
7.
AmV§H$dmX H$s g_ñ`m
8.
^y_§S>brH$aU (½bmo~bmBOoeZ) H$s g_ñ`m
"AmZm Bg Xoe' Bg bKw CnÝ`mg _| H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr Zo Dna{b{IV g^r g_ñ`mAm| na ~‹S>r VQ>ñWVm
go àH$me S>mbZo H$s H$mo[ee H$s h¡Ÿ& CZH$s `h H$mo[ee {h§Xw-_wpñb_ XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$ Ym{_©H$ ñVa Am¡a
^maV-nm{H$ñVmZ XmoZm| amï´>m| Ho$ am{ï´>`ñVa na gd©-Y_©-g_^md `m _mZdVmdmXr Y_© H$s ñWmnZm H$aZo Ho$
{bE _mZmo gm{hpË`H$ ñVa na H$s JB© EH$ ZB© ewéAmV h¡Ÿ& AV: Bg _| {M{ÌV g_ñ`mAm| H$m gm_mÝ` n[aM`
Bg àH$ma
1.
amOZ¡{VH$ g_ñ`m :
àñVwV CnÝ`mg _| ~Q>dmao Ho$ nhbo Am¡a ~Q>dmao Ho$ ~mX ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ ~rM Mbr
H$s amOZr{VH$ J{V{d{Y`m| na H$m\$s MMm© H$s h¡Ÿ& dh gmar MMm© XmoZm| amîQ´>m| Ho$ ~rM aho amOH$s` VUmd,
`wÕ OÝ` pñW{V, g§Kf© Am¡a Am§Vaamï´>r` ñVa na ^maV H$mo ZrMm {XImZo Ho$ {bE nm{H$ñVmZ X²dmam {H$E
68
JE amOZr{V Ho$ {KZm¡Zo à`mg H$m gÀMm boIm-OmoIm h¡Ÿ& CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV gwaæ¡ `m Ho$ {nVm ZXr_ Zo ^maV
H$s {_{bQ>ar Ho$ Hw$N> JwßV amO H$s \$mBb Mmoar H$aHo$ nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo XoZm, H$í_ra KmQ>r _| hþ[a©`V H$mÝ\«$| g H$m
Am`moOZ H$aHo$ "_¡g_y m Mbmo' H$m AmìhmZ H$aHo$ qhgm ^‹S>H$mZm (n¥. 45), na_mUw gj_ {_gmBb| AnZo ~oS‹ >o
_§o em{_b H$aZo H$s nm{H$ñVmZ X²dmam KmofUm H$aZm, MrZ H$mo _XX H$aHo$ gr_m na VZmd {Z_m©U H$aZm
nm{H$ñVmZr {g`mgV H$s {KZm¡Zr Zr{V`m± ahr h¡Ÿ& BYa ^maVr` amOZr{V ñdmW© _| A§Yr hmoH$a gÎmm _| H$m`_
ahZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVr h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 91) ~_ go Km`b hmoH$a ^r Ho$db MoVmdZr Am¡a g_Pm¡Vo H$s ~mVo H$s OmVr
h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 83) J§^ra _gbona ^r ^maV _| amOZr{V H$s OmVr h¡, Xoe ào_, Xoe godm, Xoe H$s gwajm H$m CZ_|
H$moB© {dMma Zht hmoVmŸ& `hm§ Ho$ amOZoVm Vmo Ho$db gÎmm h[W`mZo Ho$ {bE gmar g_ñ`m§E {Z_m©U H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Bg
àH$ma Bg CnÝ`mg _| XmoZm| Xoem| _| àM{bV amOZr{V H$m {KZm¡Zm _wIm¡Q>m CVmaH$a CZHo$ X²dmam XmoZm| amï´>m| _|
{Z_m©U H$s OmZodmbr g_ñ`mAm| H$m `hm§ ~‹S>r VQ>ñWVm Ed§ àm_m{UH$Vm go àñVwVrH$aU {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
2.
Ym{_©H$ g_ñ`m :
CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV Zm`H$ qhXy Am¡a Zm{`H$m _wpñb_ Y_u` hmoZo go bo{IH$m Zo XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$ àM{bV
JbV _mÝ`VmAm| Ho$ H$maU {Z_m©U hmoZodmbr g_ñ`mAm| H$m {MÌU {H$`m h¡Ÿ& bo{IH$m Ho$ AZwgma Ym{_©H$Vm
~war Zht hmoVr Y_mªYVm ~war hmoVr h¡ŸAm¡a `hr Y_mªYVm AbJ-AbJ g_ñ`mAm| H$mo OÝ_ XoVr h¡Ÿ& gd©Y_©g_^md H$m nmbZ H$aHo$ _mZdVmdmXr Y_© go EH$-Xygao Ho$ gmW ì`dhma H$aZodmbo XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$ gm_mÝ`
OZm| H$mo Jw_amh {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& CÝho§ Jw_amh H$aZodmbo XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$ R>oHo$Xma _wëbm, _m¡bdr, n§{S>V, nwOmar
hmoVo h¢Ÿ& do B§gm{Z`V H$m gÀMm Y_© ~VmZo Ho$ ~Om` Y_© Ho$ Zm_na \$Vdo {ZH$mbH$a g~ H$mo S>amVo ahVo
h¢, ^`^rV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `o nmI§S>r Y_© Ho$ Xbmb Y_© H$m gÀMm Moham Nw>nmH$a Y_© H$s Am‹S> _| AYm{_©H$Vm
H$m àMma H$aVo ahVo h¢Ÿ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ _wpñb_m| _| {e`m Am¡a gwZr EH$ Xygao Ho$ IyZ Ho$ ß`mgo ahVo
h¢Ÿ& (n¥. 46) Hw$amU H$m dmñVm XoH$a _wëbm-_m¡bdr _Zwî` H$s H$_Omo[a`m| H$m emofU H$aVo h¢Ÿ& _wëbm_m¡bdr`m| Ho$ g_mZ qhXw n§{S>V-nwOmar ^r Y_©J«§Wm§o H$s Am‹S> _| CÀM-ZrMVm H$s {Z{_©[V H$aHo$ g_mO _|
\y$Q> S>mbH$a CZH$m emofU H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BÝht Y_m] Ho$ R>oHo$Xmam| X²dmam {Z_m©U {H$E JE Ym{_©H$ CËnr‹S>Z go
CËnr[‹SV hmoH$a bmoJ AnZo hr Y_© go AmO nbm`Z H$aVo hþE ZOa Am aho h¢Ÿ& (n¥. 69) `hr g~go ^`§H$a
g_ñ`m h¡ {OgH$m {MÌU H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr Zo Bg CnÝ`mg _| ~‹S>r hr {Z^©`Vm go AbJ-AbJ KQ>ZmAm|
Am¡a àg§Jm| X²dmam àñVwV {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
4.
gmåàXm{`H$ g_ñ`m :
CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV Ym{_©H$ g_ñ`m H$m Xygam én h¡ gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf©Ÿ& amOZr{VH$ joÌ _| Ym{_©H$
_mÝ`VmAm| H$mo Y_©J«§Wm§o Am¡a AmamÜ`m| ghrV Y_©ñWbm| H$m Cn`moJ H$aHo$ AnZm dM©ñd ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE
{déÕ Y{_©`m| H$mo Amng _| bT>dmZm `m g§Kf©aV aIZm gmYmaUV: gmåàXm{`H$Vm _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| {déÕ
Y_© Ho$ AZw`m`r AnZo AnZo Y_© H$m ñdm{^_mZ Ed§ Jd© H$aHo$ Xygao Y_© Ho$ AZw`m{``m| na A_mZwf AË`mMma
H$aVo h¢Ÿ& AnZr Ym{_©H$ XheV H$m`_ aIZo Ho$ {bE `o bmoJ Y_© Ho$ Zm_na, _Oh~ Ho$ Zm_na X§Jm-\$gmX,
69
_ma-H$mQ> H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `hr gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$m dmñV{dH$ {MÌ àñVwV CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo g_ñ`m Ho$
Vm¡a na àñVwV H$aZo H$m g\$b à`ËZ {H$`m h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ AZwgma ~Q>dmao Ho$ nhbo _wpñb_ brJ H$s {Z{_©{V
A§J«oOmo Zo Bgr CÔoí` go H$s WrŸ& {OgZo ñdV§Ì nm{H$ñVmZ H$s _m±J H$aHo$ ~Q>dma| _| AbJVm hm{gb H$s
qH$Vw CgH$m AmYma AmO ^r {dH$mg Ho$ ~Om` _Oh~ hr ahm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 49) `ht _Oh~ H$m dOyX
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& {Oggo AmO VH$ XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$ ~rM {Za§VaVm go VUmd VWÎm
Aem§VVm H$m`_ ahVr Am`r h¡Ÿ& amOZr{VH$ bmoJ AnZo \$m`Xo Ho$ {bE Bg VUmd H$mo ~rM ~rM _| hdm
XoZo H$m H$m_ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go qhXw-_wpñb_ b‹S>H$m b‹S>{H$`m± H$s emXr, `m ß`ma H$m _m_bm {ZH$mbH$a {ddmX
{Z_m©U H$aZm, _pñOX-_§{Xam| H$m _m_bm {ZH$mbH$a g~H$mo Ym{_©H$ XheV _| aIZm `m {ZXm}fm| H$mo _maZmŸ&
qhXw-_wpñb_ Xmo n[admam| Ho$ _moQ>am| H$s g‹S>H$ na hþB© Q>ŠH$a gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$m H$maU ~Vm`m OmVm h¢Ÿ&
(n¥. 42) Am¡a g_mO _| XmoZm| Y_m] Ho$ Jw§S>o EH${ÌV hmoH$a XheV {Z_m©U H$aVo h¢Ÿ& gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$s
`h XheV Bg CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV A~ra Am¡a gwa¡æ`m H$s ào_H$hmZr na ewé go A§V VH$ H$m`_ {XImB© XoVr
h¡Ÿ& Bg OmZbodm g_ñ`m H$m ^`§H$a én CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo nyar dmñV{dH$Vm go {MVmam h¡Ÿ&
5.
AmV§H$dmX H$s g_ñ`m :
AmV§H$dmX EH$ {dMmaYmam h¡, Cg_| g{hîUwVm `m CXmaVm H$s OJh Zht hmoVr Am¡a Z hmo dh {H$gr
EH$ Ho$ _aZo na _aVr h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 86) Bg {dMmaYmam Zo A~ VH$ BpÝXam Jm§Yr, amOrd Jm§Yr, {b`mH$V
AbrImZ, ~oZPra ^wÅ>m| Am{X ^maVr` Ed§ nm{H$ñVmZr àYmZ_§Ìr`m| H$mo AË`§V H«y$aVm go _ma {X`m h¡Ÿ& `h
{dMmaYmam _ybV: B§gmZ _| ~go d{hemZm ñd^md H$m AË`§V H«w$a, ^`§H$a A_mZwfr én h¡Ÿ& AmV§H$dmX H$m
`hr S>amdZm én AmO nwao {díd na _m¡V H$m gm`m ~ZH$a _§S>am ahm h¡Ÿ& Bg g_ñ`m go AmO gmam {díd
g§Kf© H$a ahm h¡Ÿ& àñVwV CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo BgH$s ghr-ghr nhMmZ H$amB© h¡Ÿ& CZHo$ AZwgma AmV§H$dmX
^yV H$^r ^r {dñ\$moQ> H$aHo$ hOmam| H$mo ~~m©X H$aVm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 79) BgH$s ewéAmV amï´>n{V {O_r H$mQ>©a Zo
gZ 1979 _| EH$ Am§Vaamï´>r` A{^`mZ hoVw 500 {_{b`Z S>m°ba H$s aH$_ grAmB©E Ho AXm H$aHo$ {OhmX
Ho$ Zm_na _Ü` Eo{e`m d gmo{d`V g§K _| ApñWaVm n¡Xm H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$s WrŸ& amï´>n{V arJZ Zo A\$JmZ
{OhmX Ho$ {bE Am¡a A{YH$ ~OQ> ~T>m`mŸ& Bgr MŠH$a _| nm{H$ñVmZ, Vm{b~mZ, AbH$m`Xm H$s {JaâV _|
Am J`mŸ& AmO `hr AmV§H$dmX ^ñ_mgwa ~ZH$a nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo {ZJb ahm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 17) Xygar Amoa
nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo bJ ahm h¡ {H$ dh Xygao Xoem| _o AmV§H$ \¡$bmH$a AnZm _hÎd ñWm{nV H$aoJmŸ& (n¥. 49) _Ja
d¡gm Zht hmoJm Š`m|{H$ AmO nm{H$ñVmZ H$mo Iwbo Am_ AmV§H$dmXr Xoe H$hm Om ahm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 79) dh AnZr
nhMmZ ~XbZo H$s H$mo[ee H$aZo Ho$ ~Om` {XZ-à{V-{XZ ^maV go ~Xbm boZo Ho$ {bE AmV§H$dmXr
J{V{d{Y`m| H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoH$a ~_ {dñ\$moQ> go boH$a g§gX h_bo VH$ Ho$ ^`§H$a H$maZm_o H$aHo$, {ZXm}{f`m|
H$s hË`m H$aHo$ AnZo dhernZ H$m Xa§XJr H$m n[aM` XoVm h¡Ÿ& AbH$m`Xm O¡go {d{dY AmV§H$dmXr g§JR>Zm|
X²dmam CgZo ^maV Ho$ gmW {OhmXr `wÕ N>o‹S>m h¡Ÿ& n[aUm_ ñdê$n AmO ^maV Ho$ gmW-gmW nm{H$ñVmZ _|
^r AmV§H$dmXr`m| Zo AnZr XheV \¡$bm Xr h¡Ÿ& BZ g_ñ`mAm|ogo AmO XmoZmo§ Xoem| H$s Am_ OZVm ^`^rV
70
hmoH$a CgH$m gm_Zm H$aZo H$s H$mo[ee H$a ahr h¡Ÿ& Bg ~mV H$m {MÌU bo{IH$m Zo ~‹S>r B_mZXmar go CnÝ`mg
_| {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
$
6.
Zmar g_ñ`m :
àñVwV CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo Bg g_ñ`m na H$m\$s {dñV¥V MMm© H$s hþB© {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ& ñÌr Mmho
qhXw hmo `m _wpñb_ CgH$m emofU EH$ g_mZ ahVm h¡Ÿ& {\$a Mmho dh ñdmdb§~r hmo `m namdb§~rŸ& gwa¡æ`m
d VaÝZw_ Ho$ _mÜ`_ go bo{IH$m Zo Bg g_ñ`m na Mmam§o Va\$ àH$me S>mbm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ A{V[aŠV S>m°. JrV,
JrV H$s _m±, CZHo$ Ka _| H$m_ H$aZodmbr Zm¡H$am[Z`m± Am{X Ho$ OrdZ _| KQ>Zodmbr ha KQ>Zm Zmar Ho$ OrdZ
_| {Z_m©U hmoZodmbr EH$ EH$ g_ñ`m bJVr h¡Ÿ& ~mb{ddmh go boH$a àm¡‹T> {ddmh VH$ Am¡a VbmH$ go boH$a
~bmËH$ma VH$ H$s g_ñ`mAm| go {Kar Zmar H$m `mVZm_` OrdZ `hm§ bo{IH$m Zo Ñ{ï>JV {H$`m h¡Ÿ& Y_© Ho$
Zm_na CgH$m emofU {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& Y_©J«§Wm| H$m dmñVm XoH$a Cgo H$_Omoa ~Zm`m OmVm h¢Ÿ& (n¥. 32) (n¥.
38) nwéfr dM©ñd H$m`_ aIZo Ho$ {bE Cgna emar[aH$ VWm _mZ{gH$ AË`mMma {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& (n¥. 19)
(n¥. 20)Ÿ& O~ Am¡aV AnZo A{YH$mam| H$s _m±J H$aVr h¡ V~ CgHo$ AnZo hr {~amXar Ho$ bmoJ Ý`m`-AÝ`m`
Ho$ Zm_ na n§Mm`Vo {~R>mH$a Cgna hr Ý`m` Ho$ Zm_ na gm_w{hH$ ~bmËH$ma {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 29) qhXw_wpñb_ XmoZm| Y_©J«§Wm| _| ^bo hr Zmar H$mo A{YH$ma {XE JE hmoŸ& _Ja Y_© Ho$ R>oHo$Xma CÝho§ A{YH$ma XoZo
Ho$ ~Om` ~mb{ddmh, ~hþ{ddmh, {dYdmAm| Ho$ {bE AbJ H$R>moa {Z`_ O¡go _Z_mZr Hw$àWmE± {Z_m©U H$aHo$
CZH$m emofU H$aVo AmE h¢Ÿ& (n¥. 63) Hw$àWmAm| H$m nmbZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ñÌr`m| H$mo hr emar[aH$ Am¡a
_mZ{gH$ AË`mMma ghZ H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 62) (n¥. 46) b‹S>H$s H$m OÝ_Zm ^r Xw^m©½`nyU© _mZm OmVm
h¡, dhr AmJo g^r àWm Am¡a Om¡ha H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ& CÝhr§ na Owë_ {H$E OmVo h¢Ÿ& (n¥. 75) AHo$br
b‹S>H$s _rbr Vmo Cg na Hw$Îmo H$s Vah Zm|M-Zm|M H$a Cgo ~a~mX H$aHo$ _aZo Ho$ {bE N>mo‹S> {X`m OmVm h¡
`m H¡$X H$aHo$ ~ma-~ma gm_w{hH$ ~bmËH$ma H$m {eH$ma H$aHo$ Cgo nmJb ~Zm {X`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 86, n¥.
90) Bg Vah na§nam go boH$a dV©_mZ `wJ VH$ Zmar OrZ g_ñ`mAm| go OwPH$a AnZm ApñVÎd gwa{jV aIZo
H$s H$mo[ee H$aVr AmB© h¡Ÿ& CZ gmar g_ñ`m Am¡a bo{IH$m Zo Bg CnÝ`mg _| àH$me ‹S>mbm h¡Ÿ&
7.
gr_mdmX H$s g_ñ`m :
^maV-n{H$ñVmZ-MrZ Ho$ ~rM Bg g_ñ`m H$mo boH$a àma§^ go hr H$m\$s VZmd ahm h¡Ÿ& nm{H$ñVmZ
X²dmam H$í_ra H$mo boH$a ~ma ~ma Bg ~mV H$mo boH$a {ddmX {Z_m©U {H$`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& ~odOh H$í_ra H$s
KmQ>r _| qhgm ^‹SH$mB© OmVr h¡, _manrQ>, Jmobr~mar H$aHo$ XheV {Z_m©U H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& A~ VH$ bmIm| ~oJwZmh
bmoJm| H$mo _ma {X`m h¡Ÿ& ~ma ~ma gr_m aoIm H$mo bm§KH$a g¡{ZH$m| d AmV§H$dm[X`m| H$m ^maV _o§ Kwgm`m OmVm
h¡Ÿ& O~ VUmd ~‹T>Vm h¡ Vmo XmoZm| Va\$m Ho$ {ZXm}f Am_ bmoJm| H$mo H$mZyZ d gwajm Ho$ H$maU ~hþV Hw$N> ghZm
n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 81) (n¥. 83) nm{H$ñVmZ Bg _wX²Xo H$mo boH$a nyao Xoe _| AmV§H$ \¡$bmZo H$s H$mo[ee H$aVm
ahVm h¡Ÿ& Xygar Amoa dh MrZ H$mo _X²X H$aHo$ MrZ Am¡a ^maV Ho$ ~rM H$s gr_m {ddmXmË_H$ ~ZmH$a AnZo
~Xbo H$s hdg nyar H$aZo H$s {\$amH$ _| h_oem ahVm h¡Ÿ& MrZ Zo ^r A~ VH$ H$B© ~ma gr_m aoIm H$mo boH$a
71
{H$E JE gmao dm`Xo, H$ama Vmo‹S> {XE h¢Ÿ& dh ^r nm{H$ñVmZ go {_bH$a {Z`§ÌU aoIm Ho$ nmg {ddm{XV BbmH$m|
_| Q>|Q> Mm¡H$s I‹S>r H$a gr_m bm§KZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm ahVm h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 81) dh OmZ~wOH$a 2005 _| {Z`§ÌU
aoIm H$mo boH$a {H$E JE g¡Ý` {dídmg ~hmbr g_Pm¡Vo (n¥. 81) Vmo‹S>H$a ^maV Ho$ ^y^mJ na AnZm hH$$OVmZo
H$s H$mo[ee H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Bg Vah MrZ H$s A{dídgZr`Vm, ObZ Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ H$s ~Xbo H$s ^mdZm Zo
Bg g_ñ`m H$mo EH$ Ádmbm_wIr gm ~b {X`m h¡Ÿ& Omo h_oem IXIXmVo hþE ~mKm gr_m Ho$ Bg nma go I¡~a
Xam] Ho$ Cg nma H$Q>H$a E{e`m Cn_hmÛrn _| \¡$bH$a ^`mdh hmbmV n¡Xm H$a ahm h¡Ÿ& BgH$s ^`mZH$Vm Zmgya
~ZH$a nyao {díd^a _| \¡$bH$a B§gm{Z`V H$mo Zï> H$a ahr h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m ghr-ghr dU©Z EH$ g_ñ`m Ho$ én
_| bo{IH$m Zo `hm {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
8.
^y_§S>brH$aU (½bmo~bm`OoeZ) go {Z_m©U hþB© g_ñ`mE± :
Bg g_ñ`m H$m g~go ~‹S>m {eH$ma AmO H$s `wdm nr‹Tr hþB© h¡Ÿ& {dXoer à^md, {dH${gV Xoem| H$s
g§ñH¥${V VWm gånXm Ho$ _moh Zo h_mar `wdm nr‹Tr H$mo AmH$[f©V {H$`m h¡Ÿ& dh CÝht {dH${gV Xoem| H$s
J{V{d{Y`m| H$s, ahZ-ghZ H$mo AnZm ahr h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 47) AnZo Zr{O H¡$[a`a Ho$ à{V A{V OmJéH$ ahH$a
H$ån{Z`m| _| ßbog_|Q> go ~‹S>r VZ»dmh boZo Ho$ {bE ha Vah Ho$ g_Pm¡Vo H$aVo h¢Ÿ& ~‹S>r-~‹S>r ~hþamï´>r`
H$ån{Z`m§ CZHo$ AmH$f©U H$m H|$Ð h¡Ÿ& CZHo$ Ñ{ï> go _mV¥^mfm ~oH$ma h¡ ~pëH$ {dXoer ^mfm _| {bIm, gmoMm
hþAm hr loð> h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 47) CZHo$ AZwgma nwamZr Xdm go ZE amoJ H$m BbmO Zht hmoVmŸ& H$mnmo©aoQ> dëS>© H$m
_m_bm CZH$s Ñ{ï> go _hÎdnyU© h¡Ÿ& H$ånr{Q>eZ H$s Bg Xm¡a _| H¡$[a`a _| g\$bVm H$m _Vb~ IwX H$mo gm{~V
H$aZm h¡Ÿ& Bg OmZbodm H$ånr{Q>eZ, H¡$[a`a, {dXoer g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AmH$f©U Zo `wdm nr‹T>r H$m ^m¡{VH$ gwI Zï>
H$a {X`m h¡Ÿ& H¡$[a`a Ho$ P_obo _| emXr Ho$ ~mao _| gmoMZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ nmg dŠV Zht h¡Ÿ& ß`ma Ho$ Zm_
na _X©, Am¡aV H$s OéaVo nyar H$aZm AmgmZ hmo J`m h¡Ÿ& (n¥. 31) {bd-BZ-[aboeZ{en _| g_` Am¡a OrdZ
H$Q>Vm h¡, O~ g_mO CZHo$ à{V AÀN>r Ñ{ï> go Zht XoIVm V~ _mZ{gH$ Hw§$R>mAm| H$m {eH$ma ~ZH$a ah
OmVr h¡Ÿ& ^maVr` n[aÑí` _| CÀM {e{jV `wdm nr‹T>r AmO Bgr g_ñ`m H$m {eH$ma ~Zr hþB© {XImB© XoVr
h¡Ÿ& {OgH$m bo{IH$m Zo Bg CnÝ`mg _| nyar `WmW©Vm go n{aM` {X`m h¡Ÿ&
àñVwV CnÝ`mg _| H¥$îUm Ap½ZhmoÌr Zo D$na {b{IV g^r g_ñ`mAm| H$m {MÌU ~‹S>r hr gÀMmB© Am¡a
`WmW©Vm go {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
4.4
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ
1)
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ ZmZm CÎma àXoe Ho$ ----------- _| ahVo Wo Ÿ&
2)
gwa¡æ`m Am¡a S>m°. JrV H$s nhbr _wbmH$mV-------- _|§ hwB© Wr Ÿ&
3)
gwa¡æ`m Am¡a A~ra AmJam _| ------------- XoIZo Ho$ {bE éH$Vo h¢ Ÿ&
4)
A~ra Ho$ AZwgma A~ nm{H$ñVmZ AmV§H$dmX Ho$ -------- Ho$ AYrZ h¡ Ÿ&
72
5)
gwa¡æ`m H$s {~_ma Aå_r VéÞw_ H$mo ------------ gr_m g| ^maV bm`m J`m Wm Ÿ&
6)
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ AZwgma --------- Z {hÝXw hmoVo h¢ Z _wgb_mZ Ÿ&
7)
S>m°. JrV Zo BÝXm¡a XwaXe©Z Ho$ gh`moJ go -------- JObH$mam| H$mo ^maV ~wbm`m Wm Ÿ&
8)
gwa¡æ`m Eogr Am¡aV ~ZZm Zht MmhVr Omo ------- H$s Xwí_Z h¡ Ÿ&
9)
A_ra Iwgamo Ho$ XaJmh na AmO ^r -------- XmoZm| OmVo h¢ Ÿ&
10)
4.5
gwa¡æ`m Ho$ AZwgma nm{H$ñVmZr Adm_ ----------- MmhVr h¡ Ÿ& Cgo ^maV Ho$ à{V Z\$aV
`m K¥Um Zht h¡ Ÿ&
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©
BË_rZmZ - Amam_ go
_Oh~ - Y_©
Ÿ\w$XH$Vo - ZmMVo hþE
{h\$mOV - ajm
BOmOV - AZw_Vr
~m°g - _m{bH$
Img_Img - {deof
Hw$XaVr - àmH¥${VH$
h`y_o{ZQ>r - _mZdVm
gm¡JmV - ^oQ>, ZOamZm
AX~ - AmXa
~oe{H$_Vr - ~hþ_mob
Im{d§X - n{V
OO~mV - ^mdZmE±
_wh[a©a - {b{nH$
IñVmhb - H$ï>Xm`H$
gm`V - ew^H$mb
~|Bgm\$s - AÝ`m`
Hw$b>~moaZ - Hw$b_`m©Xm, ^§J H$aZodmbm
~`ma - Yyn
Hw$b_m - ì`{^Mm[aUr
~d§S>a - Vy\$mZ
_O© - amoJ, ~r_mar
B\¡$ŠQ> - n[aUm_, à^md
\$m[a¨J - _wº$
na{_eZ - AZw_Vr
eJb - H$m_Y§Xm
[aOd}eZ - AmajU
dm{b`ÊQ>a - ñd`§godH$
d{O©V - {Z_©Zwî`
X\$ZmZm - O_rZ _| JmS> XoZm
\$[aíVo - g§V, XyV, ^bo bmoJ
73
4.6
ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
1)
am_nwa
2)
Xw~B©
3)
VmO_hmb
4)
^ñ_mgwa
5)
~mKm gr_m
6)
OO~mV
7)
nm{H$ñVmZr
8)
Am¡aV
9)
qhXw _wpñb_
10)
4.7
em§{V gHy$Z
gmam§e :
1)
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg Ho$ ìX²>mam ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gmåàXm{`H$ VUmd na àH$me
S>mbm h¡ Ÿ&
2)
XmoZm| Xoem| Ho$ hþŠ_amZm| H$s {KZm¡Zr amOZr{V na Bg_| IwbH$a àH$me S>mbVo hþE MMm© H$s h¡ Ÿ&
3)
XmoZm§o Xoem| Ho$ ~rM Am_ Adm_ H$s em§{V Am¡a gHy$Z go ahZo H$s BÀN>m H$m Bg_| g_W©Z {H$`m
J`m h¡ Ÿ&
4)
Bg_| nm{H$ñVmZ A{YH$ AmV§H$dmXr J{V{d{Y`m| H$mo ~T>mdm XoZodmbm Xoe h¢, Bgo Bg_| AbJAbJ CXmhaUm| ìX²>mam à_m{UV {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&
5)
Bg_| ^maV H$s g{hîUwVm, gw§XaVm, Am¡a CgHo$ ñdÀN> amï´>r` M[aÌ H$s MMm© A{YH$ geŠVVm go
H$s JB© h¡ Ÿ&
6)
gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© Zo ^maV Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ XmoZm| Xoem| H$m ^`§H$a ZwH$gmZ {H$`m J`m h¡, Bg ~mV
H$mo g_PmZo H$m à`mg {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ&
7)
^maV MrZ Am¡a nm{H$ñVmZ Ho$ ~rM gr_m H$mo boH$a h_oem VUmd ahVm h¡, Bg J§^raVm H$s Amoa
Ü`mZ AmH${f©V {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
8)
gmåàXm{`H$Vm, AmV§H$dmX Amngr g§Kf© Ho$ ~Xbo ^maV _mZdVmdmXr AmMma {dMmam| H$m g_W©H$
74
h¡ Ÿ& Bg ~mV H$mo àñVwV {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
9)
gd©Y_©g_^md, _mZdVm, g_mZVm, BÝgm{Z`V hr g~ H$mo em§{V Am¡a gHy$Z go OrZo Ho$ {bE
Amdí`H$ h¡ Ÿ& Am§VH$dmXr JVr{d{Y`m± g~ H$mo Zï>> H$a XoJr Am{X ~mVm| na àH$me S>mbm h¡ Ÿ&
10)
gd©Y_©g_^md Am¡a _mZdVmdmXr {dMmam| H$m àMma Ed§ àgma Bg H¥${V Ho$ _mÜ`_ go {H$`m J`m
h¡&
4.8
ñdmÜ`m` :
A. bKwÎmar àíZ
1)
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV Xoe, H$mb, dmVmdaU Ÿ&
2)
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$m CX²>Xoí`Ÿ&
3)
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s ^mfme¡br &
4)
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg H$s g_ñ`mE± &
Am. {XKm}Îmar àíZ
1)
CnÝ`mg Ho$ VËd Ho$ AmYmana "AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg _| {M{ÌV Xoe-H$mb-dmVmdaU H$s
gmoXmhaU MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&
2)
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg _| bo{IH$m Zo ^mfm Ed§ e¡br Ho$ AbJ-AbJ à`moJ àñVwV {H$E h¢ Ÿ&
CXmhaUm| X²>dmam ñnï> H$s{OE Ÿ&
3)
"AmZm Bg Xoe' CnÝ`mg gmåàXm{`H$ g§Kf© H$m EH$ ^`§H$a B{Vhmg h¡ Bg ~mV H$mo H$WmZH$ H$s
ghmæ`Vm go CX²>Xoí` VÎdna àH$me S>mbVo hþE à_m{UV H$s{OE Ÿ&
B. gg§X^© Ho$ àíZ
1)
" Vw A^r Hw$N> Zht g_PoJr Oam O_rZ go H$X Vmo ~T>m bmS>mo Ÿ& Vy Š`m g_Po {H$ AnZm| Ho$ {~N>S>Zo
H$m XX© Š`m hmoVm h¡, Voar Imbm, _m_y, MmMm OmZ g~ Vmo am_nwa _| h¢ Ÿ& `hm± h_ Ho$db AHo$bo g_wÐ VmH$Vo
ahVo h¢ Ÿ&'' (n¥. 14)
2)
Omo hþAm dmo J_ Zht
Z hmoVm Vmo J_ Z Wm,
{H$gr H$s OwñVOy ^r Zht
Omo {_bm H$_ {_bm, na EH$ AmaOy nyar hþB© Ÿ&'' (n¥.
75
41)
3)
"" Zhr dmo dmo ahr hr Zhr
g^r Hw$N> ^rVa IÊS>ha h¡
Omo g_oQ>m dh {~IaH$a
Qy>Q> ahm h¡ g~ Ÿ&'' (n¥.
4)
53)
"" Vgã~wa _| _oao Ja Vw_ Z hmoVo
JwOa OmVr Xw{Z`m§ `y§ hr amoVo-amoVo &'' (n¥.
5)
4.9
4.10
"" _wPo AnZo Xoe AmZo Xmo Z &'' (n¥.
71)
89)
joÌr` H$m`© :
1)
gm§åàXm{`H$ g§Kf© na Iwbr MMm© H$s{OE Ÿ&
2)
"gd©Y_©g_^md' {dMmam| Ho$ àMma Ho$ {bE ì`m»`mZm| H$m Am`moOZ H$s{OE Ÿ&
3)
Am§VH$dmX Zï> H$aZo Ho$ {bE nWZmQ>çm| H$m Am`moOZ H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a| Ÿ&
4)
AnZo AnZo joÌ _| _mZdVmdmXr _yë`m| H$m àMma Ed§ àgma H$s{OE Ÿ&
A{V[aŠV$ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE :
1)
""{H$VZo nm{H$ñVmZ''- H$_boída (CnÝ`mg)
2)
"V_g' - ^rî_ ghmZr (CnÝ`mg)
3)
"_b~o H$m _m{bH$' (H$hmZr) - _mohZ amHo$e
76