BH$mB© - 6
gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO
M[aÌ-{MÌU, g§dmX, Xoe-H$mb VWm dmVmdaU, ^mfm-e¡br
AZwH«$_
1.
CX²Xoí`
2.
àñVmdZm
3..
{df` {ddaU
3.1
à_wI Am¡a Jm¡U nmÌm| H$s M[aÌJV {deofVmE±
3.2
g§dmX `m H$WmonH$WZ
3.3
Xoe H$mb VWm dmVmdaU
3.4
^mfm e¡br
4.
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ
5.
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©
6.
ñd`§ AÜ``Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma
7.
gmam§e
8.
ñdmÜ`m`
9.
joÌr` H$m`©
10.
A{V[aŠV AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE Ÿ
138
1.
CX²Xío `
Bg BH$mB© H$mo nT>Zo Ho$ ~mX Amn ♦
am_Xmg, A{ZVm/gË`m, Hw±$da gwa|ÐàVmn ~hmXwaqgh, í`_m_mohZ AJ«dmb, _wgÔrbmb, am_mZwO MQ>Ou,
R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$ídaqgh, R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh, hoS>_mñQ>a _we
§ r ZdaVZbmb, A_OXAbr, ~S>o R>mHw$a, amOYa,
\y$bm H$mH$s, ~o~r H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmAm| goAdJV hm|Jo Ÿ&
♦
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg H$m g§dmX n[aM` àmßV H$a§oJo Ÿ&
♦
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg Ho$ XoeH$mb dmVmdaU H$m n[aM` nm`|Jo Ÿ&
♦
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg H$s ^mfm e¡br go AdJV hm|Jo Ÿ&
2.
àñVmdZm
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg _| J«m_rU Ed§ ehar nmÌm| H$m g_mdoe h¡ Ÿ& am_ZmWqgh, ~S>o R>mHw$a Jm§d
Ho$ nmÌ h¡ Ÿ& Jm§d Ho$ am_XmgHo$ {_Ì Jar~r, XrZVm Ed§ Mmoar _| ì`ñV h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ eha Ho$ {_Ì amOYa, í`m__mohZ,
am_mZwO Am{X Ho$ {bE n¡gm| H$s qMVm Zht h¡ Ÿ& gwa|ÐàVmn ~hmXya{g§h Ho$ nmg hOmam| EH$S> IoVr h¡ Ÿ& nmÌm| Ho$ g§dmX
nmÌmZwHy$b, MwQ>H$sbo Ed§ ""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg Ho$ H$WmZH$ H$mo gwñnîQ> H$aZo _| geŠV h¢ Ÿ& am_Xmg H$m
M[aÌ g§nÝZ H$aZo _| XoeH$mb dmVmdaU Zo H$m\$s `moJXmZ {X`m h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg H$m Jm§d go eha H$s Amoa J_Z Am¡a {\$a
eha go Jm§d H$s Amoa OmZm VWm dhm§ H$m dmVmdaU BgH$s {Z{_©Vr _| boIH$Zo Hw$ebVm {XIm`r h¡ Ÿ&
3.
{df` {ddaU
3.1
à_wI Ed§ Jm¡U nmÌm| H$s M[aÌJV {deofVmE±
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg _| M[aÌ H$s A{YH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& ór-nwê$f nmÌm| _| àma§^ go A§VVH$ am_Xmg
Am¡a gË`m {dÚ_mZ h¡ Ÿ& Jm§dHo$ nmÌm| Ho$ Zm_m| H$m g§{jßV ê$n Ed§ CZHo$ H$m`© ì`mnmam| go CZH$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V,
emofU, ^yV, àoV A§Y{dídmg BÝht H$m nVm MbVm h¡ Ÿ& `hm§ nmÌm| H$s A{YH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& nwê$f nmÌm| _| XmamoJm,
am_ZmWqgh, _w§er ZdaVZbmb, ~S>o R>mHw$a, ^¢gm| H$mo MamZodmbo am_Xmg Ho$ {_Ì Ed§ CZH$s H$m`©nÕ{V`m± VWm R>mHw$a
A§{~Ho$ídaqgh VWm am_Xmg Ho$ eha Ho$ {_Ìm| H$m g_mdoe h¡ Ÿ& ór nmÌm| _| ~S>H$s, N>moQ>H$m, OS>mdZdmbr, gwf_m,
emo^m, ~o~r, A{ZVm Am{X nmÌm| H$m g_mdoe h¡ Ÿ& BZ gmao nmÌm| Zo ""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg H$mo geŠV ~Zm`m
h¡ Ÿ&
139
3.1.1 am_Xmg
Zm`H$ :
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' CnÝ`mg H$m Zm`H$ am_Xmg h¡ Ÿ& àma§^ go boH$a A§VVH$ dh CnÝ`mg _| N>m`m hþAm
h¡ Ÿ& ~MnZgo boH$a {díd{dÚmb`rZ {ejm {d{^ÝZ Zm¡H$[a`m±, {_Ì, OrdZ go OyPZ, qOXJr Ho$ MT>md-CVma BÝht
H$s Pm±{H$`m± `hm± Am`r h¢ Ÿ& CnÝ`mg H$m àma§^ gË`m Am¡a am_Xmg go ewê$ hmoVm h¡ CnÝ`mg Ho$ A§V _| gmdZ Ho$
KQ>mQ>mon A§Y:H$ma _| am_Xmg J«m_rU joÌ Ho$ hm`ñHy$b _| hoS>_mñQ>a ~Zm h¡ Am¡a gË`m AnZo n{V Ho$ gmW AnZo
{Zdmg _| ~mV| H$a ahr h¢ Ÿ&
~MnZ :
~MnZ _| am_XmgZo AnZo Jm§d Ho$ ñHy$b _o§ {ejm nm`r Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ gmW nT>Zodmbm| H$s g§»`m ~rg
Wr Ÿ& Jm§d _| Xygar H$jm VH$ Ho$ {dÚmWu nT>Vo Wo Ÿ& AmJo H$s nT>mB© Ho$ {bE Jm§d go Xya OmZm nS>Vm Wm Ÿ& ñHy$b Ho$
AÜ`mnH$ {dYwa H$mo[aZ J^©dVr ~ZZogo ^mJ JE Ÿ& ñHy$b ~§X hmo OmZo go am_Xmg H$s {ejm ~§X hþB© Ÿ&
Madmhm :
am_Xmg Ho$ {nVmOr Ho$ nmg S>oT> ~rKm IoV Wm Ÿ& VrZ ~hZm| H$s emXr _| F$U Ho$ {bE dh IoV R>mHw$a Ho$ nmg
Mbm J`m Ÿ& F$U MwH$mZo Ho$ à`ËZ _| {nVmOr OrdZ ^a H$m_ H$aVo aho Ÿ& am_Xmg {ejm nmZm MmhVm Wm bo{H$Z
{nVmOr go H$hH$a R>mHw$a Zo Cgo Madmho H$m H$m_ {X`m Ÿ& Jar~r, Ho$ H$maU am_Xmg Madmhm ~Zm Ÿ& am_~br, gyaO,
ñdê$n, am_bIZ, {~ñgy, XrZm Am{X {_Ìm| Ho$ gmW ^¢go MamZo H$m H$m_ am_XmgZo {H$`m Ÿ&
{ejm :
~S>o R>mHw$a H$m N>moQ>m ~oQ>m ZÝhÿqgh ñHy$b Am`m H$aVm Wm Ÿ& Madmho H$m H$m_ N>moS>H$a ñHy$b OmZoH$s _m§J
am_Xmg Zo ~S>o R>mVwa H$s N>moQ>r nËZr N>moQ>H$m Ho$ gm_Zo ì`ŠV H$s Ÿ& {Og na N>moQ>H$m Zo R>mHw$a go H$hH$a am_Xmg H$m
ñHy$b OmZo H$m B§VOm_ {H$`m Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ {nVmOr am_ZmWqgh (H$mH$m) H$m hmW H$moëhy _| nrgZo go H$m\$s IyZ ~h
J`m Ÿ& CZH$s _¥Ë`w hþ`r V~ am_Xmg N>R>r H$jm_| Wm Ÿ& ñHy$b Ho$ àYmZmÜ`mnH$ _w§er ZdaVZbmb Zo A_OXAbr H$s
ghm`Vmgo am_Xmg H$mo eaU Xr Ÿ& A_OXAbr ^yV-àoV, A§Y{dídmg Am{X Ho$ ~mao _| am_Xmg go ~mV| H$aVm Wm Ÿ&
R>mHw$aZo H$O© H$mo dgyb H$aZo Ho$ {bE am_Xmg H$m IoV AnZo Zm_ {H$`m Ÿ&
godm :
hoS>_mñQ>a ZdaËZbmb Zo am_Xmg H$mo AnZo Ka _| nmZr ^aZo H$m H$m_ {X`m Ÿ& BgHo$ gmW CgZo {nVm ~m~y
_wgÔrbmbm (A_rZ gmh~) H$s godr ^r H$aZr Wr Ÿ& am_Xmg {MH$Zo H$s XwH$mZ go AmY nmd JmoíV bmVm Ÿ& nmZr go
YmoVm, A_rZ gmh~ H$mo {IbmVm, CZHo$ n¡a X~mVm & A_rZ gmh~ Cgo Xmonha Xmo ~Oo ñHy$b OmZo H$s BOmOV XoVo
Wo Ÿ& am_Xmg N>_mhr narjm _| \o$b hþAm Ÿ& am_Xmg H$s naoemZr {_Ì A_OXAbr Zo OmZ br Ÿ& A_OXAbr Zo
am_Xmg H$mo AbJ go nT>mZm ewê$ {H$`m Ÿ& amV_| AÜ``Z H$aZo na hoS>_mñQ>a H$s nËZr OS>mdZdmbr Cgo ^bm~wam H$hm
H$aVr Wr Ÿ& am_ _| nmZr ^aZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` H$a XoVr Wr Ÿ& am_Xmg H$s Xem H$s Amoa Ü`mZ Z XoH$a Cgo Jm{b`m± XoVr
Wr Ÿ&
140
_ohZVr :
{ejm H$s àm{ßV Ho$ {bE am_Xmg Zo Anma H$îR> CR>mE Ÿ& A_rZ gmh~ H$s godr H$s Ÿ& N>R>dt H$jm _| \o$b
hmo OmZo na hoS>_mñQ>a Zo VaŠH$s XoH$a gmVd| _| nhþ±Mm`m Ÿ& gohV gwYmaZo Ho$ {bE A_rZ gmh~ Zo Cgo S>§S>-~¡R>H$ bJmZo
Am¡a _{hZo _| Xmo goa H$ƒm MZm ImZo H$mo ~mÜ` {H$`m Ÿ& hoS>_mñQ>a go {eH$m`V H$aZo na CÝhm|Zo am_Xmg H$mo g_Pm`m
""am_Xmg, Vw_ A^r bS>Ho$ hmo Ÿ& Xw{Z`m H$m hmbMmb ~S>o hmoH$a g_PmoJo Ÿ& na EH$ ~mV OmZ bmo Ÿ& AnZo H$mo Omo
{_bm h¡, CgH$s ~oH$Ðr H$^r Z H$aZr Mm{hE Vw_ nhbo ^¢g MamVo Wo Ÿ& ~mX _| R>mHw$a Ho$ bS>H$m| H$s aIdmbr _| ñHy$b
AmZo bJo Ÿ& _wPo Vwåhmar H$moB© Oê$aV Z Wr Ÿ& A_rZ gmh~ hr Ho$ H$hZo go _¢Zo Vwåh| AnZo Ka aŠIm h¡ Ÿ& Vwåhmao IoV
Am¡a noS> ^a Xo XoZo go Vwåhmam H$O© Zht nQ> nm`m Ÿ& _wPo AnZr Oo~go nƒrg ê$n`m bJmZm nS>m Wm Ÿ& ""hoS>_mñQ>a H$s
ghm`Vm VWm A_OXAbr H$m gh`moJ Am{X go ñHy$br narjm _| A{YH$ Z§~a go nmg hþE Ÿ&
M¡VwAm| Ho$ nmg :
A_OXAbr Ho$ _m_m Ho$ H$hZo na nhmS>r joÌ _| am_Xmg H$mo H$m_ {_bm Ÿ& H$m_ `h Wm {H$ AnZo gm_Zo
àË`oH$ _mbH$s gm¡ KZ \w$Q> H$s T>o[a`m± bJdmZm, CZH$mo AnZo gm_Zo Q´>H$m| na bXdmZm Am¡a {OVZm H$m_ EH$ {XZ _|
dmng J`m, BgH$m {hgm~ aIZm Ÿ& `hm± nMmg gmb H$m XrZX`mb am_Xmg H$mo ImZm ~ZmH$a {IbmVm Wm Ÿ& _OXyam|
H$m `WmW©, emofU, AÝ`m`, gmo~aZqgh R>oHo$Xma H$s H«w$aVm Am{X H$m n[aM` am_Xmg H$mo hþAm Ÿ& CgZo A{ejm,
X[aÐVm Ho$ H«y$a AmV§H$ Ho$ gmW gh_m, {ggH$Vm Am¡a _waPmVm hþAm OrdZ XoIm Ÿ& nhmS>r àXoe go nMrg ê$nE
~MmH$a am_Xmg dmng Am`m Ÿ&
n¡gm| H$s V§Jr :
AJbr {ejm Ho$ {bE am_Xmg H$mo H$mZnwa OmZm Wm Ÿ& jÌr ñHy$b _| ^Vu hmoZo Ho$ {bE _w§er Zm¡aVZbmb Zo
am_Xmg H$mo {M{Ç>`m± Xr Ÿ& CZ_| go EH$ J§Jmnwa [a`mgV Ho$ ga~amH$ma ~m~y am_aVZ Am¡a Xygar jÌr ñHy$b Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a
R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh Ho$ Zm_ Wr Ÿ& {Oggo ahZo Am¡a ñHy$b _| àdoe {_bZo H$s H${R>ZmB© gwbP J`r Ÿ& ñHy$b _| am_Xmg
H$mo n§mM ê$n`m gaH$mar dOr {_bm Am¡a \$sg _m\$H$a Xr J`r Ÿ& H$moR>r _| ahZo H$s OJh Wr bo{H$Z dhm§ go hQ>Zm nS>m
Ÿ& å`y{Z{gn¡{bQ>r Ho$ EH$ J§Xo Zmbo Ho$ {H$Zmao-{H$Zmao Omo g±H$ao, Qy>Q>o-\y$Q>o A§Yoao _H$mZ ~go Wo, CÝht _| EH$ N>moQ>m
Xw_§{Obm _H$mZ \y$bm H$mH$s H$m Wm & Cg_| AmR> AmZm à{V _mg {H$amE na am_Xmg H$mo EH$ H$_am {_bm Ÿ& am_Xmg
H$mo n¢gm| H$s V§Jr H$m gm_Zm H$a nS> ahm Wm Ÿ& ""_wPo nm§M ê$nE gaH$mar N>mÌd¥{ËV {_b ahr Wr Ÿ& Xmo ê$nE j{Ì`
_hmg^m H$s Amoa go à{V _mg {_bVo Ÿ& BZ gmV ê$n`m| Ho$ ^rVa _wPo _hrZm ^a {~VmZm hmoVm Ÿ& _oao Vrg ê$nE ~hþV
nhbo g_mßV hmo MwHo$ Wo Ÿ& {H$Vm~m| _|, H$m{n`m| _|, EH$ H$_rO ~ZdmZo _|, Zm_ {bIdmZo _| Ÿ& gmV ê$nE _| AmR> AmZm
_H$mZ {H$am`m Am¡a ~mah AmZm ñHy$b Ho$ Iob-Hy$X Am{X H$s \$sg, Omo nT>mB© H$s \$sg _m\$ hmoZo na ^r XoZr nS>Vr
Wr, nhbo {ZH$b OmVo Ÿ&''
ghm`Vm :
hoS>_mñQ>a R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh H$m am_Xmg Ho$ ì`{ŠVËd na Jham à~md ahm Ÿ& do am_Xmg H$mo nwÌdV _mZZo
bJo Wo Ÿ& H$_ao _| {MamJ go Am±I| H$_Omoa hmo ahr h¡ `h XoIH$a am_XmZ Zo gS>H$na I§^m| H$s amoeZr _| AÜ``Z H$aZo
H$m à`mg {H$`m bo{H$Z B©X©{JX© Ho$ dmVmdaU go dh nT>mB© Zht H$a gH$m Ÿ& nw{bg Zo AmH$a M~yVao go CR>m`m Ÿ& R>mHw$a
141
A§{~Ho$eqgh H$s am_Xmg na H¥$nm Wr Ÿ& H$jm H$m hmo{e`ma N>mÌ hmoZo go AÝ` ghnmR>r ^r CgH$s ghm`Vm H$aVo
aho Ÿ& Cggo {_ÌVm ~T>mVo aho Ÿ& AnZr CbPZ|, ì`WmAm|, Ka-n[adma H$s ~mV| BÝht Ho$ ~mao _| Cggo {dMma {d_e©
H$aVo Wo Ÿ& CZ_| í`m__mohZ AJ«dmb, gwa|Ðqgh, amOYa, am_mZwO, A_OXAbr, A{ZVm Am{X H$m g_mdoe ahm
h¡ Ÿ& \y$bm H$mH$s H$m {H$am`m MwH$mZo _| H§$nmoOrQ>a am_àgmX Zo ^r am_Xmg H$s ghm`Vm H$s h¡ Ÿ& \y$bm H$mH$s H$m H$_am
N>moS>Zo na R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh Zo Xmo ì`dñWmE± H$a Xr Ÿ& ""EH$ Vmo _wPo ñHy$b Ho$ nmg Mnam{g`m| Ho$ ahZodmbr
H$moR>[a`mo§ _§o go EH$ H$moR>ar _| ahZo Ho$ {bE Xo Xr JB© Ÿ& Xygao, _wPo ñHy$b H$s à~§Y g{_{V Ho$ _¡ZoOa Ho$ Ka _| Xmo N>moQ>oN>moQ>o ~ƒm| H$mo {ejm XoZo H$m H$m_ {X`m J`m Ÿ& Bg Q>çyeZ Ho$ {bE _wPo nm§M> ê$nE _m{gH$ {_bZm {ZpíMV hþAm''
í`m__mohZ Ho$ ^mB© am_y H$s ^r Q>çyeZ H$aZo H$m AZwamoY í`m__mohZ Zo {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
H$m°boO H$s nm°{b{Q>Šg :
B§Q>a_r{S>EQ Ho$ Xmo df© gwI go ~rVZo Ho$ Cnam§V H$m°boO nm°{b{Q>Šg H$m gm_Zm H$aZm nS>m Ÿ& ñHy$b H$m°boO
~ZZo go EH$ Amoa go ñHy$b Ho$ _¡ZoOa nwamZo _mñQ>a ~mOno`r H$mo {à§{gnb ~ZmZm MmhVo Wo Ÿ& Xygar Amoa go Hw±$da
gwa|ÐàVmn ~hmXwaqgh O¡go N>mÌm|Zo am_Xmg g{hV AÝ` {_Ìm| H$s ghm`Vm go Am§XmobZ _| {hñgm boH$a R>mHw$a
A§{~Ho$eqgh H$m gmW {X`m Am¡a CÝh| qà{gnb ~Zm`m Ÿ& Bggo ""Hw§$da gwa|ÐàVmn ~hmXwaqgh _oao {_Ì hmo JE Ÿ& _wPo
do H$^r H$^r AnZo gmW {gZo_m {XImZo bJo Ÿ& nT>Zo Ho$ {bE AnZr {H$Vm~| XoZo bJo Ÿ& _oao gm_Zo AnZo Zmar-kmZ Ho$
H$mof H$m Hw$N> A§e CX²Km{Q>V H$aZo bJo Ÿ&'' am_Xmg Zo B§Q>a H$s narjm àW_ loUr _| nmg H$s Ÿ& R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh
Ho$ nwÌ hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo bIZD$ _| R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$s H$moR>r na EH$ N>moQ>m H$_am Cgo ahZo Ho$ {bE {_bm Ÿ& `w{Zd{g©Q>r
_| Zm_ {bIm Ÿ& R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$m ñZoh am_Xmg H$mo {_bm do {_Ìm| go H$hVo ""`o h¢ R>mHw$a am_Xmgqgh Ÿ& BZgo
{_{bE Ÿ& goë\$_oS> {dÚmWu h¢ - ~hþV hr VoO {dÚmWu h¢ Ÿ& H$jm _| \$ñQ>© AmVo h¡§ Ÿ& Bg gmb ~r.E. _| \$ñQ>© Šbmg
AmE Am¡a nm§Mdr nmoOreZ Va BZH$m Zm_ ahm Vmo BÝh| b§XZ ñHy$b Am°\$ BH$Zm°{_Šg _| ^Vu H$amD±$Jm'' R>mHw$a gmh~
H$s gÌh-AR>mah df© H$s ~o~r Zm_ H$s {d»`mV H$Ý`m Wr Ÿ& dh ^r am_Xmg Ho$ H$_ao _| AmH$a Cggo ~mV| H$aVr
Wr Ÿ& A{ZVm H$m n[aM` ~o~r Zo am_Xmg go H$am`m Ÿ& AnZr Am`w Ho$ H$maU am_Xmg gaH$mar Zm¡H$[a`m| H$s narjm Zht
Xo gH$m Ÿ&
{díd{dX²`mb`rZ OrdZ :
~r.E. H$s narjm _| am_Xmg H$mo àW_ loUr {_br Ÿ& emo\$a Ho$ gmW ^mJr hþB© R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$s ~oQ>r
~o~r go emXr H$aZo H$m àñVmd R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh Zo aIm Ÿ& CgH$m BÝH$ma H$aZo na R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh, R>mHw$a
A§{~Ho$eqgh am_Xmg go ZmamO hþE Ÿ& H$_am N>moS>H$a N> {XZ am_Xmg A{ZVm Ho$ Ka _oh_mZ ~ZH$a ahm Ÿ& àmo\o$ga
{gÝhm Zo am_Xmg goo AW©emñÌ H$s {H$Vm~ {bIZo Ho$ {bE H$hm, bo{H$Z O~ {H$Vm~ N>nH$a ~mha Am`r V~ Cgna
{gÝhm H$m Zm_ Wm Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo AW©emó _| E_².E. H$s {S>J«r nm`r Ÿ& ""CÎma àXoe Ho$ {H$gmZm| _| H$O© H$s g_ñ`m''
Bg {df` na emoY H$m`© H$aZm ewê$ {H$`m Ÿ& Bg_| A{ZVm Zo ^r ghm`Vm H$s h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo ñdV§Ì ê$ngo {bIZo H$s
~mV H$hr h¡ Ÿ& ""_¢ ñdV§Ì hmoH$a gmoMy±Jm Ÿ& ñdV§Ì hmoH$a {bI±yJm Ÿ& nhbo Mma J«§W AW©emó Ho$ {gÕm§Vm| na, {\$a
nm±Mdm± ^maVr` J«m_m| H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V na Ÿ& `h J«§W {díd {d{XV ~ZmEJm Ÿ& N>R>m J«§W hmoJm AnZr AmË_H$Wm; Omo
142
n[apñW{V`m| Ho$ JmoaIY§Ym| H$mo VmoS>H$a AmË_~b na AmJo ~T>m, {d{n{Îm`m| Zo {Ogo S>am`m Zht, O{Q>bVmE| {Ogo
CbPm Zht gH$s, CgH$s AmË_H$Wm Ÿ& ""am_Xmg AmOrdZ qOXJr go OyPVm ahm Ÿ& AnZo {gÕm§Vm| _| OrVm ahm Ÿ&
nwñVH$ na H$m_ H$aVo hþE am_Xmg H$mo Anma em§{V {_bVr Wr Ÿ&'' Ama§{^H$ AW©emó Ho$ N>nZo Ho$ ~mX - Bg àH$ma
H$s H$B© nwñVH|$ Am¡a H$B© {Z~§Y A~ VH$ àH$m{eV hmo MwHo$ h¢ Ÿ& Ho$db boIH$ Ho$ ñWmZ na {H$gr Xygao H$m Zm_ h¡ Ÿ&
EH$ X¡{ZH$ nÌ Ho$ g§nmXH$s` ^r g§nmXH$ Ho$ Zm_ na àm`: {bIVm ahm hÿ± Ÿ& EH$ àH$meH$ Ho$ {bE Q>mO©Z Ho$ Hw$N>
H$maZm_m| H$s EH$ A§J«oOr {H$Vm~ H$m Jw_Zm_r AZwdmX ^r H$a MwH$m hÿ± Ÿ&''
AÜ`mnZ :
am_XmgZo H$m°boO _| N>moQ>r H$jmAm| H$mo nT>mZo H$m H$m_ ^r {H$`m Ÿ& _m{gH$ doVZ Añgr ê$n`o Wm Ÿ& hmW _|
Ho$db gmR> {_bVo Wo Ÿ& Hw$N> df© hmoñQ>b _|, Hw$N> g_` am_mZwO MQ>Ou Ho$ H$_ao _| _oh_mZ ~ZHo$ am_XmgZo {~Vm`o Ÿ&
MQ>Ou Ho$ OmZo Ho$ ~mX am_Xmg Zo CgH$m H$_am AnZo Zm_ {bIm`m Cg_| ahZo H$m à~§Y {H$`m Ÿ& g^r {_Ìm| H$mo
Zm¡H$[a`m± {_br bo{H$Z ""_¢ EH$ àVm{S>V {nVm Ho$ AZw^dmo§ H$mo AnZr {ejm, AnZo VH©$ Am¡a AnZo AZw^dm| Ho$ ghmao
{H$gmZm| Ho$ H$O© H$s g_ñ`m na emoY H$aZo _| CVma ahm hÿ± Ÿ&''
g§ñ_aU :
am_Xmg Zo AnZo Ah_² Ho$ nmofU Ho$ {bE g§ñ_aU Ho$ Hw$N> A§e{bIo Wo Ÿ& gË`m H$s CËgwH$Vm H$s ny{V© Ho$
{bE CgZo BZ A§em| H$mo H$mbH«$_mZwgma nyam {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& A{ZVm am_Xmg H$mo dH$sb ~ZmZm MmhVr Wr, ì`mdgm{`H$
Zm¡H$[a`m| H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ` H$a ahr Wr bo{H$Z am_Xmg Zo d¡gm Zht {H$`m Ÿ& ereo _| am_Xmg Zo AnZm Moham XoIm
h¡ ""_ËWm ~hþV H$_ Mm¡S>m h¡ Ÿ& Am±I| JT>o _| h¢ Am¡a N>moQ>r h¢ Ÿ& ZmH$ Hw$N> ~S>r h¡ Ÿ& a§J gm§dbm h¡ Ÿ& JaXZ nVbr h¡ Ÿ&
CgH$s ApñW`m± D$na go XrI nS>Vr h¢ Ÿ& Hw$b bmH$a Eogo Mohao H$moZ gw§Xa H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡, Z Agw§Xa Ÿ& `h EH$ A{V
gmYmaU Moham h¡ Ÿ&'' AnZo {_Ì lr am_mZwO MQ>Ou Am¡a gË`m H$s emXr _| am_Xmg em{_b Zht hþAm Wm Ÿ& àmo. {gÝhm
Ho$ AZwgma am_Xmg ~S>m n[al_r Am¡a `mo½` {dÚmWu h¡ Ÿ&
dmng Jm§d H$s Amoa :
{OboXma gmh~ A_OXAbrZo aZnwam _| hm`ñHy$b Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a Ho$ ê$n_| am_Xmg H$mo Zm¡H$ar Xr h¡ Ÿ& `h joÌ
nhmS>r, O§Jb go `wŠV Ed§ M¡VwAm|H$m h¡ Ÿ& Ohm§ nmZr, Kmg, O§Jb Am¡a MÅ>mZm| H$s {Zñgr_Vm gmao _mZdr` VËdm|H$mo
g_oQ>o hþE h¢ Ÿ&
3.1.2 A{ZVm / gË`m
n[aM` :
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$s ~oQ>r ~o~rZo A{ZVm H$m n[aM` am_Xmg go H$am`m h¡ Ÿ& àW_ ~ma O~ A{ZVm am_Xmg
go {_br V~ CgH$s Am`w AR>mah df© H$s Wr Ÿ& a§J {deof Jmoam Z Wm Ÿ& Mohao H$s ~ZmdQ> Hw$N> b§~r AmH¥${V H$s Wr Ÿ&
~mb AñV-ì`ñV Ed§ eara Xw~bm Wm Ÿ& CgH$s Mmb _| M§MbVm Wr Ÿ& CgH$s XmoZm| ^m¢h| Hw$N> D$na CR>r hþ`r Wr Ÿ&
ZwH$sbr ZmH$ VWm AmoR>m| Ho$ ~rM _wñH$maZ {N>nr hþ`r Wr Ÿ& dh am_Xmg H$s H$jm _| nT>Vr Wr Ÿ& CgZo _mŠg©dmX H$m
143
AÜ``Z {H$`m Wm Ÿ& Bg{bE amOYa Cgo H$å`w{ZñQ> _mZVm Wm Ÿ& ~o~r Zo Cgo AnZr S>m{bªJ _mZH$a CgH$m n[aM`
am_Xmg go H$am`m h¡ Ÿ& A{ZVmHo$ {nVmOr noQ´>mob H§$nZr _| B§Or{Z`a h¢ Ÿ& h_oem Xm¡ao na ahVo h¢ Ÿ& Ka _| Ho$db ~mn~oQ>r Am¡a Xmo AmX_r ahVo h¢ Ÿ& ahZo Ho$ {bE ^mar ~§Jbm h¡ Ÿ& `w{Zd{g©Q>r _| nT>Vr h¡ Am¡a ha {df` na AnZo {dMma
aIVr h¡ Ÿ& AnZo {dMmam|H$mo àH$Q> H$aZo _| {dídmg aIVr h¡ Ÿ& amOYa CgH$m {_Ì h¡ Ÿ&
am_Xmg H$s {_Ì :
A{ZVm am_Xmg H$s {_Ì ~Zr h¡ Ÿ& ~o~rgo {ddmh H$aZo H$m àñVmd am_Xmg Ho$ gm_Zo Wm Ÿ& Cgo am_Xmg Zo
Rw>H$am`m Ÿ& ~o~r H$s {ZOr ~mV| am_Xmg H$mo kmV hmoZo go {ddmh H$mo ZH$maZo H$m H$maU am_Xmg Zo A{ZVm Ho$ gm_Zo àH$Q>
{H$`m h¡ Ÿ& A{ZVm Zo am_Xmg H$m {djmo^ g_Pm h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo g§ñ_aU _| {bIm h§¡ ""A{ZVm _oar ~mVm| H$mo Ü`mZ go
gwZVr ahr Ÿ& CgZo AnZm {ga PwH$m {b`m Wm Ÿ& CgH$s ñdm^m{dH$ CÕV ^¢h|, ZwH$sbr ZmH$, n|{gb {Mh²Z O¡go Am|R>,
g~ EH$ aoIm _| em§V {dMmaerb _wÐm Ho$ gmW _oao {djmo^ H$mo dhZ H$a aho Wo Ÿ&'' A{ZVm ~o~r H$s {_Ì ahZo go CgZo
am_Xmg H$mo ~Vm`m h¡ {H$ ~o~r ^r am_Xmg Ho$ gmW g§~§Y OmoS>Zm Zht MmhVr Ÿ& CgZo am_Xmg go H$hm h¡ ""em`X ~o~r
Ho$ gmW {H$gr H$m ^r gwIr hmoZm H${R>U hmoJm Ÿ& dh AnZo VH$ go gwIr Zht h¡ Ÿ&''
N>mÌm :
am_Xmg O~ {dÚmWu Ho$ {bE AW©emó H$s {H$Vm~ {bI ahm Wm V~ A{ZVmZo _hÎdnyU© {ZX}e Cgo {X`o
h¢ Ÿ& R>mHw$a amOoída{g§h H$m H$_am N>moS>Zo na A{ZVmZo AnZo _H$mZ _| ahZo Ho$ {bE H$_am {X`m h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ emoY
H$m`© _| ghm`Vm H$s h¡ Ÿ& ñd`§ CgHo$ gmW emoYH$m`© _| OyQ>r h¡ Ÿ&
A{ZVm am_Xmg H$mo dH$sb ~ZmZm MmhVr Wr bo{H$Z CgZo dH$mbV Zht H$s Ÿ& ì`mdgm{`H$ Zm¡H$[a`m± H$aZo
Ho$ {bE A{ZVmZo Cgo àmoËgm{hV {H$`m Ÿ& CgHo$ {bE am_Xmg Zo à`ËZ Zht {H$`o Ÿ& am_Xmg H$mo Qy>Q>Zo go g§~bZo H$m
H$m_ A{ZVm Zo {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& dh CgH$m ghmam ~ZH$a h_oem Cgo àmoËgm{hV H$aVr ahr Ÿ&
gË`m :
am_Xmg Zo {bIo g§ñ_aU Ho$ A§VJ©V A{ZVm H$m Zm_ Am`m h¡ Ÿ& CgZo {bIm h¡ ""EH$ Hw§${R>V CnÝ`mgH$ma
Ho$ {_Ï`m H$V¥©Ëd go _¢Zo A{ZVm Zm_ H$m g¥OZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& `h g~Hw$N> nT> boZo Ho$ ~mX A{ZVm H$mo {d{XV hmo gH$Vm
h¡ {H$ _oao A{ZíM` Ho$ _yb _| H$m¡Z-gr _Z:pñW{V`m± H$m_ H$a ahr h¢ Ÿ& ""Bg H$m AW© `h h¡ {H$ A{ZVm hr gË`m
h¡ Ÿ&'' n[aM` Ho$ A§VJ©V gË`m Ho$ gmW ^Q>nwam aob ñQ>oeZ na XmoZm| Ky_Zo JE h¢ Ÿ& Ohm± na [aQ>m`S>© nw{bg XmamoJm Zo
gmoMm h¡ {H$ ""bS>H$s ~S>r \$madS>© h¡ Ÿ&'' am_Xmg Zo ^r CgZo ì`{ŠVËd Ho$ ~mao _| H$hm h¡ Ÿ&'' Vw_ H$mbm Mí_m bJmVr
hmo Ÿ& Vwåhmao ~mbm| H$s Xmo Mmo{Q>`m± h¢ Ÿ& Vwåhmar gmS>r H$m nhZmdm Xygar Vah H$m h¡ Ÿ& Vw_ {ga ImobH$a MbVr hmo Ÿ&
An[a{MV AmX_r go ~mVMrV H$aVr hmo Ÿ& `hm± H$m ahZodmbm `{X Vwåh| XoIH$a ê$H$ OmVm h¡ `m _rb^a VH$ Vwåhmam
nrN>m H$aVm h¡ Vmo Bg_| Hw$N> AmíM`© H$s ~mV Zht Ÿ&'' gË`m Jm`H$ ^r h¡ Ÿ& CgZo am_Xmg H$mo "h_amhr' {\$ë_ H$m
adtÐ H$m JrV "_Yw-J§Y ^am, _¥Xw pñZ½Y N>m`m' gwZm`m h¡ Ÿ& Cg_| Yr_r AmamO Am¡a Yr_r b` Wr Ÿ& `h JrV
BgàH$ma Jm`m J`m h¡ {H$ dh _mZmo Ho$db am_Xmg Ho$ {bE h¡ Ÿ& Š`m| {H$ {ZH$Q>dVu noS>-nm¢Ym|VH$ CgH$s AmdmO Zht
nhþ±Mr Wr Ÿ& am_Xmg Ûmam {b{IV "_oao Hw$N> g§ñ_aU'' nT>Zo H$s MmhV Cg_| h¡ Ÿ&
144
am_Xmg Ho$ "_oao Hw$N> g§ñ_aU' dh A{Ë_`Vm go nT>Vr h¡ Ÿ& g§ñ_aU nT>Zo Ho$ ~mX CgHo$ ZrMo AnZr Amoa go
Hw$N> {bIVr h¡ Ÿ& lr gË`|ÐZmW H$s ~oQ>r gË`m H$s emXr Mmê$M§Ð MQ>Ou Ho$ gwnwÌ lr am_mZwO MQ>Ou go hmo OmVr
h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg CgH$s emXr _| Zht Am gH$m Ÿ& gË`m {bIVr h¡ ""Vwåh| Eogm H$m¡Z-gm-Amdí`H$ H$m_ bJ J`m Wm Omo
Vw_ _oar emXr VH$ _| Zht AmE Ÿ& Vwåhmar ew^oÀN>mAm| Am¡a ~YmB`m| ^a go Vwåhmao Z AmZo H$s H$_r nyar Zht hmo
gH$Vr Ÿ& nmnm Zo ~hþV ~wam _mZm h¡ Ÿ&'' {díd{dÚmb`rZ amOZr{V go am_Xmg na hþE AÝ`m` go dh n[a{MV h¡ Ÿ&
CgH$m n{V lr am_mZwO MQ>Ou Pm±gr H$m A{gñQ>|Q> gwn[a¨Q>|S>oQ> Am°\$ nw{bg ~Zm h¡ Ÿ& aZnwam Ho$ hm`ñHy$b H$m hoS>_mñQ>a
am_Xmg ~Zm Ÿ& am_Xmg na {H$E JE AÝ`m` Ed§ CgH$s AdñWm dh ghZ Zht H$a gH$s h¡ Ÿ& n{V Zo am_Xmg H$m hmb
nwN>Zo na Am¡a CgHo$ à{V göX`Vm àH$Q> H$aZo na dh ^r ^md{dde hmo OmVr h¡ Ÿ& '' gË`m A§YH$ma H$s g_rjm _|
ImoB© ahVr h¡ Ÿ& CÝht nmh{S>`m| H$s Amoa XoIVr ahVr h¡, {OZ Ho$ Cg nma ~hþV Xya VH$ VH$ nWarbr gS>H$ h¡, EH$ Kmg
Am¡a Pm{S>`m| go ^am-nyam J{b`mam h¡, {Ogo CgZo H$^r Zht XoIm h¡ Ÿ&'' am_mZwO Cggo H$hVm h¡ {H$ ""am_Xmg Vw_go
~hþV ß`ma H$aVm Wm Ÿ& `hm± VH$ gmoMm OmVm Wm {H$ Vw_ bmoJ [ddmh H$a bmoJo'' bo{H$Z Bg ~mV H$m BÝH$ma gË`m
H$aVr h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ ~mao _| CgZo n{V go H$hm h¡ - ""Vw_ JbV gmoMVo Wo Ÿ& am_Xmg _| dh OS>Vm Zht, {Og go dh
AnZo g§gma H$mo ^wbm Xo, {OgHo$ ghmao dh {H$gr H$mo Vwåhmao Vah ß`ma H$a gHo$ Ÿ&''
3.1.3 Hw±$da gwa|ÐàVmn ~hmXwaqgh
H$m°{bO H$s nm°{b{Q>Šg Ho$ A§VJ©V am_Xmg H$mo {hñgm boZo _| àd¥ËV H$aZodmbo {_Ì Ho$ ê$n_| gwa|Ðqgh H$mo
OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& gwa|ÐàVmn ^r_H$m` ì`{ŠV h¢ Ÿ& am_Xmg go S>oT> \$sQ> D±$Mm Am¡a D±$J{b`m| _| a§J-{~a§Jr A±Jy{R>`m±
nhZmVm Wm Ÿ& {H$_Vr gyQ> nhZVm Wm Ÿ& ñHy$b H$m n[adV©Z H$m°boO _| hmo OmZogo hoS>_mñQ>a R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh H$mo
qà{gnb ~ZmZo _| gwa|ÐàVmn Zo ghm`Vm H$s h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo Am§XmobZ N>oS>m Ÿ& Cg_| am_Xmg H$mo ^r bm`m Ÿ& hS>Vmb hþB©,
Zmao bJo, nM} N>no, YaZm hþAm, _¡ZoOa H$s AWu ObmB JB© Ÿ& _¡ZoOa Ho$ _H$mZ na T>obo \|$Ho$ JE Ÿ& nw{bg H$m
bmR>rMmO© hþAm Ÿ& BZ g^r ~mVm| H$m n[aUm_ `h hþAm {H$ _¡ZoOa Am¡a CZH$s nmQ>u Zo nXË`mJ {H$`m Am¡a R>mHw$a
A§{~Ho$eqgh qà{gnb ~Zo Ÿ&
Hw§$da gwa|ÐàVmn ~hmXwaqgh am_Xmg Ho$ {_Ì ~Zo Wo Ÿ& do H$^r H$^r am_Xmg H$mo {gZo_m {XImVo Wo Ÿ& nT>Zo Ho$
{bE AnZr {H$Vm~| XoVo Wo Ÿ& Zmar-kmZ Ho$ H$mof H$mo CX²Km{Q>V H$aVo Wo Ÿ& do emo^m H$s Amoa AmH${f©V Wo Ÿ& Cggo ~mV|
H$aZo bJo, CÝhm|Zo CgH$s _moQ>a Ho$ S´>m`ìha H$mo IarXm Ÿ& Vm{H$ emo^m gwa§oÐàVmn H$s JmS>r _| ~¡R>o Ed§ ~mVo§ H$ao Ÿ& bo{H$Z
EH$ {XZ gwa|Ðqgh Zo am_Xmg go H$hm, ""{H$ñ_V Vmo Xo{IE {H$ Qy>Q>r H$hm± H$_§X-H$b dh `ht Šbmg IË_ hmoZo na,
nm§M {_ZQ> _wPgo ~mV| H$aVr ahr, _oao BbmHo$ H$s ~mV nyN>Vr ahr Ÿ& _¢ Zo ^r VamB© _| {eH$ma Ho$ dmo {H$ñgo gwZmE {H$ ....
Am¡a AmO, CgHo$ {nVm H$m Q´>m§g\$a hmo J`m h¡ Ÿ& Zha Ho$ do B§Or{Z`a h¢, `hm± go dh Zm_ H$Q>m boJr Ÿ&''
gwa|Ðqgh H$mo ao{S>Amo na {\$ë_r JmZo gwZZo H$m em¡H$ Wm Ÿ& n{ÌH$mAm| _| Ho$db {ó`m| Ho$ {MÌ XoIVo Wo Ÿ& {OZ
dñVwAm| H$s àe§gm {dkmnZm| _| {\$ë_-Vm[aH$mE| H$aVr h¢ CÝht dñVwAm| H$mo do _±JdmVo Wo Ÿ& órH§$R> H$m JmZm ng§X
H$aVo Wo Ÿ& A§J«Or {\$ë_ Ho$db AmqbJZ Ho$ Ñí`m| Ho$ {bE XoIVo Wo Ÿ& H$moR>r _| Vah-Vah H$s Moð>mAm|dmbo ór {MÌm|
H$s ^a_ma Wr Ÿ& EH$ V_mobr H$s XwH$mZgo MrZr, A_arH$s, ê$gr, hãer {ó`m| Ho$ {MÌ CÝhm|Zo IarXo Wo Ÿ& Cƒ H$mo{Q>
145
Ho$ qàgoZ ñHy$b _| do nhbo nT>Vo Wo Ÿ& AÀN>r A§J«oOr ~mobVo Wo Ÿ& Bg{bE CZHo$ nmg AZoH$ A§J«oOr {H$Vm~| Wr Ÿ&
Omgygr CnÝ`mg Am¡a Xwñgmh{gH$ amo_m§MnyU© H$hm{Z`m± CÝh| ng§X Wr Ÿ&
gwa|Ðqgh {ddm{hV Wo Ÿ& {H$gr N>moQ>r-_moQ>r [a`mgV H$s amOHw$_mar go CZH$m {ddmh hþAm Wm Ÿ& e`ZmJma _|
CÝhm|Zo AnZr nËZr Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {MÌ {\$ë_ Vm[aH$mAm| Ho$ {MÌm|Ho$ A§VJ©V CZH$s _wÐmAm|Ho$ AZwgma bJdm`o Wo Ÿ& CZHo$
nmg {d{dY {df`m| H$s - O¡go Zmar, `m¡dZ, gm¢X`©, ñdmñÏ`, {ddm{hV OrdZ Am{X go g§~§{YV {H$Vm~| ahVr Wr Ÿ&
CZH$s ór amOHw$_mar O~ ZJa _| AmVr Vmo do {H$gr E|½bmo B§{S>`Z {deofk H$mo ~wbmH$a CgHo$ eara H$s g‚mm H$admV|
Wo Ÿ& do X[aÐVm H$s ^mdZm go AmH«$m§V hmo OmVo Wo Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo am_Xmg go H$hm h¡ ""^mB© am_Xmg A~ Vw_ bmoJm| H$m O_mZm
Am ahm h¡ Ÿ& O_tXmar {_Q> ahr h¡ Ÿ& A~ Vmo h_| ^r VamB© Ho$ _bo[a`m Am¡a _ÀN>am| _| IoVr H$nZr nS>oJr Ÿ& h_mao _hmamO
Zo Bg ~mV H$mo g_P {b`m h¡ Ÿ& _wPo do \$m{_ªJ H$aZo H$mo H$h aho h¢ Ÿ& _°Pbo amOHw$_ma Q´>oŠQ>aH$s EOÝgr b|Jo Ÿ& N>moQ>o
amOHw$_ma H§$nQ>reZ _| bm¡R>|Jo Ÿ& \$maoZ g{d©g _| em`X Am OmE±, Egr{bE, _wPo qàgoO H$m°{bO go {ZH$mbH$a `hm±
^oOm J`m h¡ Ÿ& _hmamO H$m H$h>Zm h¡ {H$ Cg H$m°{bO H$s nT>mB© h_| {g\©$ AmBdar-Q>mda _| ~¡R>Zo bm`H$ ~ZmVr h¡ Ÿ&''
gm_mÝ` AmX_r O¡gm ì`dhma H$aZo na qàgoO H$m°boO Ho$ qà{gnb Zo CÝh| Ow_m©Zm {H$`m Wm Ÿ& gwa|Ðqgh MmhVo h¢ {H$
A~ h_| OZVm go ^mJZm Zht OZVm Ho$ Xw:I-XX© _| earH$ hmoZm h¡ Ÿ& R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh H$m gmW XoZo Ho$ H$maU
CÝhm|Zo gwa|Ðqgh H$mo AnZm ~oQ>m _mZm h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s {XZ-XyZr, amV-Mm¡JwZr CÞ{V H$s H$m_mZm H$s h¡ Ÿ& Hw§$da gwa|ÐàVmn
qgh Zo V¥Vr` loUr _| B§Q>a H$s narjm nmg H$s Ÿ& {nVm H$s _¥Ë`w Ho$ Cnam§V CÝhm|Zo {H$gmZ H$m H$m_ ewê$ {H$`m do IoVr
_| OwQ> J`o Ÿ& AnZo H$R>moa OrdZ Ho$ AZw^d do ~ma-~ma am_Xmg H$mo nÌ Ho$ ê$n _| ^oOVo J`o Ÿ&
CZH$s IoVr Ho$db ny±Orn{V \$m_© Zht h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s IoVr na H$m_ H$aZodmbo _OXya ^r ^y{_hrZ _OXya Zht
aho h¢ Ÿ& gwa|ÐàVmn qgh Zo CZ_| Xoe-godmH$s AmJ Obm`r h¡ Ÿ& XoeH$s g§n{ËV ~T>mZo Ho$ {bE do \$m_© na A{YH$ AÝ
Z H$s CnO H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& `h \$m_© EH$ H$mo-Am°nao{Q>d \$m_© O¡gm ~Zm h¡ Ÿ& ^maVr`Vm H$s n¥ð>^y{_ na BgHo$ {Z`_ ~Zo
h¡§ Ÿ& {H$gmZ Mma ~Oo CRV>m h¡ Ÿ& gm_y{hH$ àmW©Zm Ho$ ~mX gwa|ÐàVmnqgh ZdrZ {dMmam|go AdJV H$amZo Ho$ {bE
~mVMrV H$aVo h¡§ Ÿ& gwa|ÐàVmn Zo {dXoer H$nS>m| na ~{hîH$ma {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ à{V CZ_| ñZoh Am¡a lX²Ym H$s
^mdZm h¡ Ÿ& gwa|ÐàVmn {g§h ^r MmhVo Wo {H$ am_Xmg H$m {ddmh ~o~r go hmo Om`o Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo Bg àñVmd H$m ñdrH$ma
Zht {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
_OXya H$m_ H$aVo dŠV Hw±$da gmh~ KmoS>o na gdma hmoH$a \$m_© H$m MŠH$a bJmVo h¢ Ÿ& {OYa {ZH$bVo h¢ dhm±
Ho$ _OXya MwñVr-\y${V© go H$m_ _| OwQ> OmVo h¢ Ÿ& do AnZr IoVr H$mo {H$gr Aml_ Ho$ _m°S>b ~Zm aho h¢ Ÿ& `hr CZH$s
_hËdmH$m§jm h¡ Ÿ& CÝh| pìhñH$s ng§X h¡ Ÿ&
3.1.4
í`m__mohZ AJ«dmb
í`m__mohZ AJ«dmb am_Xmg H$s H$jm _| nT>Vm Wm Ÿ& Cgo qhXr Am¡a B{Vhmg _| AÀN>oZ§~a {_bVo Wo Ÿ& AÝ`
Mma {df`m| _| dh ~S>r H${R>ZVm go nmg hmoVm Wm Ÿ& gmVd| H$s dm{f©H$ narjm _| Mma {df`m| _| \o$b hmoZo na ^r à_moeZ
nmZo Ho$ H$maU dh AmR>d| _| nhþ±Mm Wm Ÿ& Zdd| Am¡a Xgd| _| àdoe nmVo dŠV ^r `hr pñW{V ahr Wr Ÿ& am_Xmg go J{UV
nT>Zo Ho$ {bE dh Cgo ñHy$b _| XoaVH$ amoH$Vm Wm Ÿ& H$^r H$^r am_Xmg H$mo AnZo Ka ^r boH$a OmVm Wm Ÿ& XmoZm| _| H$m\$s
K{Zð>Vm hmoZo na í`m__mohZ Zo AnZo Ka, Am°{\$g, ao{S>AmoJ«m_ Am{X H$s ~mV| am_Xmg go H$hr Ÿ&
146
em__mohZ Ho$ {nVmOr Cgo {~OZog _| bJmZm MmhVo Wo Ÿ& B§Q´>og nmg H$aHo$ {nVmOr Cgo ì`dgm` H$s Amoa
AmH${f©V H$aZm MmhVo Wo Ÿ& bo{H$Z _moQ>a Ho$ H$mamo~ma go Cgo Z\$aV Wr Ÿ& J§Jm Ho$ Cg nma ~§Jbm ~ZmH$a ahZm MmhVm
Wm Ÿ& dh H${dVmE± {bIZm MmhVm Wm Ÿ& ñHy$b _| O~ BÝgnoŠQ>a AmE Wo V~ ñdmJVdmbr H${dVm CgZo nT>r Wr Ÿ&
CgHo$ {nVmOr S>mB~o{Q>H$ h¢ Ÿ& `h ImZXmZ H$m _O© hmoZo go dh MrZr H$m Cn`moJ H$_ H$a ahm h¡ Ÿ&
dh gwf_mgo ß`ma H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& gwf_m H$s ImZXmZ H$m {deof A§J CgH$s Am±I| h¢ Ÿ& N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r ~mV| h_oem
í`m__mohZ am_Xmg go H$hVm Wm Ÿ& dh am_Xmg H$mo AnZm Agbr XmoñV _mZVm h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ gmW dh am_Xmg Ho$
H$_ao Ho$ Mmam| Amoa J§XJr _| go JwOa ahm Wm V~ dh J§XJr _| go JwOa Zht gH$m Ÿ& í`m__mohZ H$mo bJm {H$ am_Xmg
CgH$s Amoa go {_ÌVm H$aZm MmhVm h¡ Ÿ& AnZr {_ÌVm K{Zð> ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE, CgZo EH$ nÌ ^r am_Xmg H$mo {bIm
h¡ Ÿ& Cg_| CgZo AnZr ì`Wm ì`ŠV H$s h¡ Ÿ&
í`m__mohZ Ka go nm§M hOma ê$nE boH$a nS>mog H$s ~§Jmbr ~m~y H$s bS>H$s gwf_m H$mo boH$a ^mJ J`m Ÿ&
í`m__mohZ Ho$ {nVmOr Zo ^mar ny±Or O_m H$s Wr Ÿ& {nVmOr Zo AI~ma _| {dkmnZ {X`m Wm Ÿ& ""{à` ~oQ>m í`m__mohZ,
A~ Ka bm¡Q> AmAmo Ÿ& Vwåhmar _m± ~r_ma h¡ Ÿ& CZH$s Xem {~JS> ahr h¡ Ÿ& Vwåhmar `mX _| CÝhm|Zo ImZm-nrZm N>moS> {X`m
h¡ Ÿ& Vw_ Omo MmhVo hmo dhr hmoJm Ÿ& Vwåhmar BÀN>m H$mo H$moB© Z VmoS>oJm Ÿ& `{X H¥$n`m MwH$ J`m hmo Vmo nÌ ^oOmo Am¡a AnZm
nVm {bI Xmo Ÿ& Vw_ na H$moB© ZmamO Zht h¡ - Vwåhmam {nVm Ÿ&'' BgHo$ ~mX gwf_mHo$ H$hZo na í`m__mohZ CgHo$ gmW
dmng Am`m Am¡a {nVmOr H$m ì`dgm` g§^mbZo bJm Ÿ& A~ CgHo$ nmg g^r gwIgw{dYmE± h¢ Ÿ& CgZo gwf_mgo {ddmh
{H$`m h¡ Ÿ& CgZo am_Xmg H$mo AnZo N>moQ>o ^mB© am_y H$m Q>çyeZ H$aZo H$m AZwamoY {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
í`m__mohZ ^mdwH$ AmX_r h¡ Ÿ& í`m__mohZ Zo g_mO go _wR>^oS> H$s Ÿ& OmV-nm±V Ho$ {_Ï`m AmO§~am| H$mo Zht
_mZm Ÿ& dJ©-^oX H$s Xrdmam| H$mo VmoS> {X`m Ÿ& nËZr gwf_mHo$ {nVmOr ŠbH©$ h¢ Ÿ& do OmV Ho$ ~«m÷U h¢ Ÿ& {ddmh Ho$ {bE
í`m__mohZ H$mo AZoH$ g§H$Q> ghZo nS>o h¢ Ÿ& í`m__mohZ H$s H§$nZr H$s _moQ>a| {~H$ ahr h¡ Ÿ& Q´>oŠQ>ar H$s ZB EO|gr br
h¡ Ÿ& ZoeZb Am°Q>mo_mo~mB©b H§$nZr Ho$ ghmao dh n[al_ Ho$ gmW ì`mnma \¡$bm ahm h¡ Ÿ&
3.1.5
_wgÔrbmb (A_rZ gmh~)
hoS>_mñQ>a ZdaVZbmb {nVm ~m~y _wgÔrbmb h¢ Ÿ& nhbo do XrdmZr _| A_rZ Wo Ÿ& Bg{bE CÝh| bmoJ A_rZ
gmh~ H$hVo Wo Ÿ& do ì`dhma ~wX²{Y Am¡a Y_©{à`Vm Ho$ {bE à{gX²Y Wo Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo O~ CÝh| nhbr ~ma XoIm Vmo nm`m
{H$ ""n¢gR> df© H$s AdñWm _| am¡~rbm Moham, H$S>H$Xma AmdmO, Am±Im| _| gwa_m, ~rM _| ^m±J {ZH$mbH$a XmoZm| H$mZm|
H$s Amoa C_oR>r hþB© XmT>r Ÿ& Ka na AmYr AmñVrZ H$s ~{Z`mZ d J_N>m nhZo hþE do V»V na àm`:~¡R>o ahVo Wo Ÿ&'' CÝh|
ZhmZo-YmoZo Ho$ {bE nmZr Mm¡H$s na XoZm nS>Vm Wm Ÿ& XmVyZ Am¡a H$mo`bo H$m _§OZ Cgr ñWmZ na XoZm nS>Vm Wm Ÿ& do
AnZr V~r`V H$m OmXm I`mb aIVo Wo Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo am_Xmg H$mo g_Pm`m h¡ ""~oQ>o, ZwñIm Vmo g_P bmo, ~H$ao H$s
H$boOr AmY nmd, Xmo N>Q>m±H$ Om¡, EH$ Vmobm {Vb, goa ^a nmZr _| C~bZm Mm{hE Ÿ& O~ nmZr AmY-nmd ah OmE
Vmo N>Q>m±H$ ^a Kr H$m ~Kma Xo {X`m OmE Ÿ& ~g dhr nmZr gw~h-gw~h nr {b`m Am¡a V~r`V {XZ ^a _ñV ~Zr ahVr
h¡ Ÿ& Moham _mqZX go~ gwI© hmo OmVm h¡ - Xmonha H$mo ~g AmY-nm¡Z K§Q>m n¡am| H$s aJS>-gJS>, n§Im nmZr, CgHo$ ~mX
R>mR> go ñHy$b OmZm'' ""Omo H$ao godm gmo ImE _odm'' A_rZ gmh~ am_Xmg go AnZr godm H$admVo aho h¢ Ÿ&
147
_wgÔrbmb {ed^ŠV h¢ Ÿ& n¢gR> df© H$s AdñWm _| ^r EH$ Q>m§J na IS>o ahH$a _§{Xa _| {edH$s _y{V© Ho$
AmJo {g\©$ J_N>m nhZo {ed H$s àmW©Zm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& {ZË` à{V EH$ ZE {df`na do am_Xmg H$mo Xmonha Ho$ g_` àdMZ
gwZmVo Wo Ÿ& ha {df` H$m CÝh| Jham kmZ Wm Ÿ& Jm¡V_~wÕ, Jwê$ Am{X Ho$ ~mao _| CÝhm|Zo am_Xmg goo H$hm h¡ Ÿ& {dÚm Ho$
~mao _| CZHo$ {dMma Wo {H$ ""~oQ>m ñHy$b _| H${~{b`V KmobH$a Vmo {nbm Zht XoVo Ÿ& {dÚm Vmo AnZo H$aZo H$s {dÚm
h¡ Ÿ& Mmoa H$s Vah ñHy$b Ho$ EH$ H$moZo _| ~¡R> OmZo go Vmo Am Zht gH$Vr Ÿ& Vwåh| Vmo Ka na hr em_ H$mo `m amV Ho$ dŠV
{H$Vm~ Km|Q>Zr Mm{hE, Am¡a nmg \o$b H$m {Oå_m ZdaËZ na Ÿ&'' {nVmOr H$m H$hZm nwÌ _w§er ZdaËZbmb _mZVo Wo Ÿ&
am_Xmg H$s gohV ~T>mZo Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo Cgo MZm XoZm ewê$ {H$`m Wm Ÿ&
_¡ZwAb Q´>oqZJ Ho$ A§VJ©V am_Xmg H$s narjm_| Cgo CÝhm|Zo AnZo VarHo$ H$s Mm¡H$s ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ~mÜ`
{H$`m Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo Mm¡H$s ~Zm`r Ÿ& narjH$ Z§~a XoZm Zht MmhVo Wo Ÿ& ZdaËZbmb Ho$ H$hZo na am_Xmg Zo A§H$
nmE Ÿ& ~Zm`r Mm¡H$s A_rZ gmh~ Ho$ ZhmZo Ho$ H$m_ _| Am`r Ÿ& ZhmVo dŠV A_rZ gmh~ Zo AnZo noQ> na hmW \o$aVo
hþE H$hm ""Bgo H$hVo h¢ Jwê$ godm H$m \$b Ÿ& `h ~mV h¡ ! Aìdb XO} nmg {H$`m {H$ Zht ?''
Aìdb XO} _| nmg hmoZo go VWm AnZr godm go àgÞ hmoH$a H$mZnwa OmVo dŠV A_rZ gmh~ Zo am_Xmg H$mo
Xmo ê$nE {XE h¢ Ÿ&
3.1.6
am_mZwO MQ>Ou
lr Mmê$M§Ð MQ>Ou Ho$ nwÌ am_mZwO MQ>Ou h¡ Ÿ& am_mZwO H$mo H§$nrQ>oeZ narjm _| `e àmßV Am¡a AÀN>r Zm¡H$ar
{_bo BgH$s `moOZm {nVmOr Zo nhbo hr ~Zm`r Wr Ÿ& CgZo am_Xmg go H$hm h¡ ""H§$nQ>reZ go BZ Zm¡H$[a`m| _| AmZo Ho$
{bE H$m\$s ßbmqZJ go H$m_ boZm nS>Vm h¡ Ÿ& _oao nmnm Zo _oar AdñWm Cgr g_` Xmo df© H$_ {bIm`r Wr, O~ _¢
_m|{Q>gar ñHy$b J`m Ÿ& Bg g_` _¢ gÌh H$m hÿ± Ÿ& _¡§ BŠH$sg gmb H$s C_« _| E_². E. H$ê±$Jm CgHo$ ~mX _wPo VrZ _m¡Ho$
narjm XoZo Ho$ {_b OmE±Jo Ÿ&'' am_mZwO H§$nrQ>oeZ H$s ~hþVgr {H$Vm~| nT>Zo Ho$ {bE am_Xmg H$mo Xr Wr Ÿ&
am_mZwO Ho$ {nVmOr H$m°{bO _| qà{gnb Wo Ÿ& dh ~S>m hr H$mo_b, ~S>m hr gwê${MnyU© Am¡a ~wX²{Y_mZ
{dÚmWu Wm Ÿ& ^{dî` Ho$ ~mao _| CgHo$ {dMma ñnîQ> Wo Ÿ& {díd{dÚmb` H$s nT>mB© g_mßV hmoZo Ho$ ~mX gaH$mar Zm¡H$ar
_| OmZo H$s CgH$s BÀN>m Wr Ÿ& AV: H§$nrQ>oeZ narjmE± XoZm CgZo V` {H$`m Wm Ÿ& O~ VH$ AÀN>r Zm¡H$ar Zht {_bVr
V~VH$ narjm XoZo Ho$ ~mao _| CgZo gmoMm Wm Ÿ& CgH$s ~mV| \$Ou J§^raVm go hmoVr Wr Ÿ& gaH$mar Zm¡H$[a`m| Ho$ ~mao _|
am_mZwO H$m _V Wm, ""àË`oH$ ì`{ŠV H$mo gwIr hmoZo H$m A{YH$ma h¡ Ÿ& g_mO {OVZm A{YH$-go-A{YH$ Vwåh| Xo
gH$Vm h¡, Cgo bo boZo _| {H$gr àH$ma H$s b‚mm H$m AZw^d h_| Š`m| hmo ! AJa g_mO H$s ì`dñWm Vwåh| Ho$db Zm¡H$ar
hr XoH$a gwIr ~Zm gH$Vr h¡, Vmo Zm¡H$ar Š`m| Z H$s OmE ?'' gaH$mar Zm¡H$ar H$s à~b BÀN>m am_mZwO _| h¡ Ÿ&
lr am_mZwO MQ>Ou, Pm±gr Ho$ A{gñQ>|Q> gwn[aQ>|S>|Q> Am°\$ nw{bg ~Zo h¢ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo lr gË`|ÐZmW H$s gwnwÌr
gË`m go emXr H$s h¡ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo EH$ N>moQ>m-gm ñn¡{Z`b Hw$ËVm nmbm h¡Ÿ&
148
3.1.7
R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh
R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh ñHy$b Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a h¡ Ÿ& O~ am_Xmg ñHy$b _| àdoe nmZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ nmg nhþ±Mm V~
CZHo$ eara H$s Amoa XoIVo hþE CgZo AZw^d {H$`m ""_¢Zo CZHo$ eara H$s Amoa XoIH$a _mao AmV§H$ Ho$ {ZJmh ZrMr H$a
br Ÿ& do ~«rMoO Am¡a OmoYnwar H$moQ> nhZo hþE Wo Ÿ& _y±N>o ~S>r-~S>r Am¡a D$na H$s Amoa C_oR>r hþB© Ÿ& ^am hÿAm Moham Ÿ& _moQ>o
Am¡a H$mbo \«o$_ H$m Mí_m Am±Im| na Ÿ& bJ^J N>h \y$Q> D±$Mo Ÿ& ""CZHo$ ñHy$b _| ^maVr` gä`Vm Ho$ AmYma na {ejm
Xr OmVr Wr Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ ì`dhma go do àgÝZ Wo Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo ñHy$b H$s Amoa go H$m\$s [a`m`V| Xr Wr Ÿ&
hoS>_mñQ>a R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh H$mo qhXr gm{hË` go ào_ Wm Ÿ& do ~«O^mfm _| gw§Xa H${dVmE± {bIVo Wo Ÿ&
_{Vam_, Xmg go boH$a aËZmH$a Ho$ N>§Xm| Ho$ g_Ýd` ~S>r ê${Mnyd©H$ gwZmVo Wo Ÿ& CZHo$ ~§Jbo na H${d-Jmo{ð>`m± hmoVr
Wr Ÿ& do ñHy$b _| gmVd| XO} go boH$a Xgd| XO} VH$ gßVmh _| Xmo ~ma qhXr nT>mVo Wo Ÿ& àË`oH$ dmŠ` Ho$ à_mU {b`o do
gy{ŠV`m| H$m à`moJ H$aVo Wo Ÿ& àmW©Zm Ho$ g_` do g^r ~ƒm| na H$S>r {ZJamZr aIVo Wo Ÿ& gXmMma, ~«h²_M`©, ñdmñÏ`
ajm, KwS>gdmar Am{X {dÚmWu-{à` {df`m| na CZH$m X¡{ZH$ ì`m»`mZ hmoVm ahVm Wm Ÿ& {dÚmb` _| A{eï> ì`dhma
H$aZodmbo {dÚmWu`m| Ho$ {bE d X§S>-{dYmZ H$m à`moJ H$aVo Wo Ÿ& Mmam| Amoa gÝZmQ>m \¡$bmH$a AnZo H$_ao _| Kwg OmVo
Wo Ÿ& _¡{WbreaU; KZmZ§X, _ram, ào_M§X, {Zambm Am{X gm{hpË`H$m| Ho$ OrdZmZw^d {dÚm{W©`mo§go ~VmH$a CZH$m
ì`{ŠVËd g§nÝZ ~ZmZo H$s Cå_rX R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh nmg Wr Ÿ&
am_Xmg Zo \y$bm H$mH$s H$m H$_am N>moS>Zo na A§{~Ho$eqgh Zo CgHo$ {bE Xmo ì`dñWmE± H$s Ÿ& EH$ Vmo am_Xmg
H$mo ñHy$b Ho$ nmg Mnam{g`m| Ho$ ahZodmbr H$moR>[a`m| _| go EH$ H$moR>ar ahZo Ho$ {bE Xr Ÿ& Xygao ñHy$b H$s à~§Y g{_{V
Ho$ _¡ZoOa Ho$ Ka _| Xmo N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o ~ƒm| H$mo {ejm XoZo H$m H$m_ {X`m Ÿ& ñHy$b H$m n[adV©Z H$m°boO _| hmoZo go ñHy$b H$s
_°ZoOa H$s nmQ>u A§{~Ho$eqgh H$mo qà{gnb ~ZmZm Zht MmhVr Wr Ÿ& bo{H$Z gwa|Ðqgh, am_Xmg Am{X Zo hS>Vmb,
Am§XmobZ, nM} N>nH$a A[~Ho$eqgh H$m gmW {X`m do qà{gnb {Z`wŠV hþE Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo {dÚm{W©``mo§ H$mo ~YmB© Xr Ÿ& do
am_Xmg go nwÌdV ào_ H$aZo bJo Ÿ&
A§{~Ho$eqgh Zo R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$s ~oQ>r ~o~r go {ddmh H$aZo H$m àñVmd am_Xmg Ho$ gm_Zo aIm Ÿ&
""R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$m Xm_mX hmoZm gmYmaU Jm¡ad H$s ~mV Zht Ÿ& Vw_ H$hm± Wo, H$hm± nhþ±M JE Ÿ& YZ Am¡a Eoíd`© Ho$
nrN>o Z OmH$a Ho$db _Zwî`Ëd Ho$ ZmVo CÝhm|Zo Vwåh| hr ng§X {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&'' am_XmgZo Z _mZZo na do CgH$s _wI©Vm,
H¥$V¿ZVm Am¡a gwê${M H$mo {Y¸$maVo hþE Mbo JE Ÿ&
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh H$mo AnZm N>moQ>m ^mB© _mZVo Wo Ÿ&
3.1.8
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H¥${f {d^mJ Ho$ n|eZ àmßV D±$Mo A{YH$mar h¢ Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo H¥${f g§~§Yr AZwg§YmZ {dXoer
{díd{dÚmb`m| _| {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& {Oggo ^maV _| CÝh| CÀM nX àmßV hþAm Ÿ& {~«{Q>e amÁ` _| gaH$ma {Og àH$ma go Xoe
_| H¥${f H$s CÝZ{V H$s ì`dñWm H$aZm MmhVr Cgr àH$ma H$s `moOZm ~ZmZo H$s j_Vm CZ_| Wr Ÿ& Cg `moOZm H$mo
H$m`m©{ÝdV H$a H¥${f joÌ _| CÝZ{VhrZ CÝZ{V {XImZo H$s CZ_| AJmY à{V^m Wr Ÿ& CÝh| "ga' {IVm~ {_bm Wm Ÿ& EH$
149
aOdmS>o _| CZH$s emXr hþB© Ÿ& XhoO _| CÝh| b§~o-Mm¡S>o \$m_© {_bo Ÿ& CZH$m à~§Y H$m[a¨Xm| Ho$ hmWm| N>moS> {X`m Wm Ÿ& H¥${f
g§~§Yr AnZo AZwg§YmZ H$m M_ËH$ma {XImZo Ho$ {bE Bg Xoe _| CÝh| Am¡a ^r A{YH$ O_rZ {_b gH$Vr Wr Ÿ&
bIZD$ _| ahZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {demb H$moR>r {_br h¡ Ÿ& ñWmZr` j{Ì` ñHy$b H$s à~§Y g{_{V Ho$ do AdoV{ZH$ AÜ`j
h¢ Ÿ&
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh ~S>o AmX_r hmoZo go CÝh| {XZ-amV nm§M-Xg AmX_r Koao ahVo h¢, {OZ_| AÜ`mnH$,
H$bmH$ma, gaH$mar A{YH$mar, {H$gmZ Am{X H$m g_mdoe ahVm h¡ Ÿ& amOoídaqgh Ho$ AZw^dm| H$mo gwZH$a Hw$N> bmoJ
AnZr OrdZ àUmbr H$mo CgHo$ AZwê$n ~ZmZo H$s à{Vkm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& CZHo$ Ûmam {H$E JE _OmH$m| na h±gVo h¡ Ÿ& R>mHw$a
Ho$ amOZr{VH$ {gÕm§Vm| H$mo gdm}ÀM {gÜXm§V _mZVo h¢ Ÿ& CZgo ghm`Vm nmZo H$s Amem H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& am_Xmg ^r CZ_| go
EH$ Wm Ÿ& {Ogo amOoídaqgh go H$moR>r _| ahZo Ho$ {bE EH$ H$_am {_bm Am¡a ~rg ê$n`m _m{gH$ XmZ ^r {_bm, R>mHw$a
H$m ñZoh ^r {_bm h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg H$mo b§XZ ñHy$b Am°\$ BZH$mZm°{_Šg _| ^Vu H$aZo Ed§ gaH$mar dOr\$m XoZo H$s MmhV
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh Zo aIr h¡ Ÿ&
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$s AR>mah gmb H$s EH$ H$Ý`m ~o~r h¡ Ÿ& Cgo R>mHw$a Ho$ emo\$a {\${bn Zo ^Jm`m Am¡a Cgo
{Xëbr bo J`m Ÿ& nw{bg _| [anmoQ>© Z H$aHo$ R>mHw$a Zo Cgo AnZo VarHo$ go Ty>±T>Zm Mmhm Ÿ& ""Xygao {XZ R>mHw$a Ho$db AnZo
Zm¡H$a H$mo boH$a _gyar Mbo JE Ÿ& - bJ^J Xg {XZ ~mX CZH$m nÌ AnZr nËZr Ho$ Zm_ Am`m Ÿ& CÝhm|Zo AnZr nËZr
VWm eof ~ƒm| H$mo _gyar ~wbm`m Wm, Ohm§ do ~o~rHo$ gmW ah aho Wo Ÿ& lr_Vr amOoídaqgh ^r gn[adma _gyar Ho$ {bE
admZm hþB© Ÿ& ""R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh Zo ~o~r H$s emXr am_Xmg go H$aZo H$s ñn¥hm aIr Wr Ÿ& bo{H$Z CZH$s BÀN>m nyar Zht
hmo gH$s Ÿ& Bgna R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh Zo AnZr à{V{H«$`m nÌ _| Xr h§¡ do am_Xmg H$mo {bIVo h¡§ ""_wPo AmnHo$ {ZU©` na
AmíM`© Am¡a IoX h¡ Ÿ& AmnHo$ ì`dhma go ~S>o An_mZ H$m AZw^d H$a ahm hÿ±² Ÿ&AnZo OrdZ _| Amn _wPo CZ {JZo-MwZo
AmX{_`m| _| {_bo {OÝh| nhMmZZo _| _¢Zo ^«_ go H$m_ {b`m Ÿ& {\$a ^r H$moB© qMVm Zht, h_ OrVo h¢ Am¡a grIVo h¢ Ÿ&''
3.1.9
hoS>_mñQ>a _w§er ZdaVZbmb
_w§er ZdaËZbmb ñHy$b Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a h¢ Ÿ& A_OXAbr Ho$ H$hZo na CÝhm|Zo am_Xmg H$mo AnZo Ka Zm¡H$a
~Zm`m Am¡a Ka _| nmZr ^aZo VWm {nVmOr _wgÔrbmb H$s godm H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm Ÿ& CZH$s nËZr OS>mdZdmbr
am_Xmg H$mo V§J H$aVr Wr Ÿ& hoS>_mñQ>a ~ma-~ma am_Xmg H$mo g_PmVo aho Ÿ& ""_¢Zo Vwåhmao R>mHw$a go ~mVMrV H$abr h¡
Ÿ& dh Vwåho _oao Ka aIZo H$mo V¡`ma h¢ Ÿ& H$O© Ho$ {ZnQ>mao Ho$ {bE dh Vwåhmam IoV bo boJm Ÿ& na, Vw_H$mo IoV go boZm hr
Š`m h¡ ? IoV XoH$a ^r Cggo OmZ ~M OmE Vmo AÀN>m Ÿ& A~ Vw_ Or bJmH$a nT>mo Ÿ& Ka na em_-g~oao Hw$E± go nmZr
ItM {X`m H$aZm Ÿ& A_rZ gmh~ (ZdaËZbmb Ho$ {nVmOr) Omo N>moQ>m-_moR>m H$m_ ~Vmd|, dh XoI boZm Ÿ& H$moB©
VH$br\$ hmo Vmo ~VmZm Ÿ&''
am_Xmg A_rZ gmh~ H$s godm _| bJm ahZo go dh ñHy$b _| g_` na CnpñWV Zht ah gH$Vm Wm Ÿ& Cgo
narjm _| Z§~a XoZm VaŠH$s Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Am{X H$m_ ZdaËZbmb Zo {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg H$m YraO ~±YmZo
H$m H$m_ CÝhm|Zo {H$`m & CgH$s Ag{b`V H$m nVm Cgo {X`m Ÿ& CÝh| hþŠH$m nrZo H$m em¡H$ ahm h¡ Ÿ& do am_Xmg H$mo ~ma-
150
~ma g_PmVo aho h¢ ""~wOwJm] H$m H$hZm h¡, gm¡ go ~wam EH$ go ~ohËVa ~Zm {X`m Ÿ& ~g `hr gmoMZm Mm{hE Ÿ& EH$ AmX_r
gS>H$ na JmOa ImVm Mbm Om ahm Wm Ÿ& ^yIm Wm Am¡a H$B© {XZ ~mX Cgo JmOa ^a ImZo H$mo {_br Wr Ÿ& ImVm OmVm
Wm Am¡a ^m½` H$mo H$mogVm OmVm Wm Ÿ& V^r nrN>o {\$aH$a XoIm {H$ EH$ Am¡a AmX_r JmOa Ho$ CZ S>§R>bmo H$mo CR>mH$a
ImVm h¡ {Ogo CgZo IwX Z ImH$a O_rZ na \|$H$ {X`m Wm Ÿ& Cgo _mby_ hþAm {H$ Xw{Z`m _| Cggo ^r ~war hmbV _| bmoJ
_m¡OyX h¢ Ÿ& V^r H$hm h¡, h_oe g§Vmof _| ahZm Mm{hE Ÿ&''
am_Xmg Zo Aìdb XO} _| {_{S>b nmg H$aZo go àgÝZ hmoH$a Cgo AmJo nT>Zo Ho$ {bE H$mZnwa OmH$a jÌr
ñHy$b _| ^Vu hmoZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV {H$`m Ÿ& A_rZ gmh~Zo Xmo ê$nE BZm_ _| {XE Wo Ÿ& VrZ ê$nE AnZr Amoa go
{XE Ÿ& CÝhm| Zo Cgo Xmo {M{Å>`m± Xr Ÿ& ""nhbr {MÇ>r J§Jmnwa [agm`V Ho$ ga~amH$ma ~m~y am_aVZ Ho$ Zm_ Wr Ÿ& Xygar jÌr
ñHy$b Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh Ho$ Zm_ {bIr JB© Wr Ÿ&''
hoS>_mñQ>a AnZo {nVmOr H$s Amkm _mZVo Wo Ÿ& nËZr OS>mdZdmbr go ~MH$a ahVo Wo Ÿ& CZH$m {ejm joÌ _|
AnZm am¡~ Wm Ÿ& CZH$m H$hZm ga~amH$ma Am¡a jÌr ñHy$b Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a A§{~Ho$eqgh Zo _mZm h¡ Ÿ& hoS>_mñQ>a XoIZo _|
H$_Omoa Wo Ÿ& H$_ ~mobVo Wo Ÿ& Yrao ~mobVo Wo Ÿ& H$^r Zht h±gVo Wo Ÿ&
3.1.10 A_OXAbr
{_{S>b ñHy$b _| A_OXAbr am_Xmg H$s H$jm _| nT>Vm Wm Ÿ& AJa nT>Zo _| am_Xmg H$m ñWmZ nhbm hmoVm
Vmo A_OXAbr H$m Xygam hmoVm Wm Ÿ& H$^r Bg ñWmZ _| n[adV©Z hmo OmVm Wm Ÿ& XmoZm| _| Amngr KZr {_ÌVm Wr Ÿ& BgHo$
_yb _| nmañn[aH$ bm^ H$m {gÕm§V H$m_ H$a ahm Wm Ÿ& am_Xmg J{UV _| H$_Omoa Wm Vmo A_OXAbr Cgo nT>mVm Ÿ&
Am_OXAbr H$_ OmZVm Wm V~ am_Xmg Cgo nT>mVm Wm Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ {nVmOr Z ahZo na EH$ _hrZm ^a ~mX ñHy$b
Ho$ àYmZmÜ`mnH$ _w§er ZdaVZbmb Zo am_Xmg H$mo eaU Xr Ÿ& eaU nmZo _| ghm`Vm A_OXAbr go àmßV hþ`r Ÿ&
A_OXAbr H$mo ^yV, àoV, MwS>¡b-Idrg Am{X Ho$ [df` _| AWmh kmZ Wm Ÿ& qhXyAm| Am¡a _wñb_mZm| _| {H$VZo àH$ma
Ho$ nmabm¡{H$H$ àmUr hmoVo h¢, Bg {df` na dh {XZ-amV ~mV| H$a gH$Vm Wm Ÿ& am_Xmg H$mo R>mHw$a Ho$ Mw§Jb go Nw>S>mZo
Ho$ {bE A_OXAbrZo ghm`Vm H$s h¡ Ÿ& hoS>_mñQ>a ZdaVZbmb Ho$ {nVmOr _wgÔrbmb am_Xmg go H$m\$s godm
H$admVo aho Ÿ& {Oggo am_Xmg H$s {ejm na Aga hmo ahm Wm, V~ am_Xmg H$mo nT>mZo H$m H$m_ A_OXAbr Zo
{H$`m Ÿ& amV _| ^r am_Xmg H$mo nT>mZo H$m H$m_ A_OXAbr Zo {H$`m Ÿ&
nhmS>r àXoe _| A_OXAbr J_u H$s Nw>{Å>`m± {~VmZo nhþ±Mm Ÿ& nhmS>r H$s VbhQ>r Ho$ N>moQ>o Ho$ Jm§d _|
A_OXAbr Ho$ _m_m ahVo Wo Ÿ& do Zha Ho$ nVam¡b Wo Ÿ& nhbo dh _m_m Ho$ nmg ahZo Am`m Wm Ÿ& _m_m Ho$ H$hZo na
Cgo EH$ R>oHo$XmaZo AnZr nhmS>r na ~mah ê$nE _m{gH$ doVZ na Zm¡H$a aIm ""CgH$m H$m_ `h Wm {H$ dh AnZo gm_Zo
àË`oH$ _mb H$s gm¡ KZ\w$Q> H$s T>o[a`m± bJdmVm, CZH$mo AnZo gm_Zo Q´>H$m| na bXdmVm Am¡a {H$VZm _mb EH$ {XZ _|
dmng J`m, BgH$m {hgm~ aIVm Ÿ&'' Bg Vah H$m H$m_ CgZo AnZo {_Ì am_Xmg H$mo nS>mog H$s nhmS>r na ^r
{X`m Ÿ&
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_m_m Ho$ IM© go AnZr {ejm nyar H$aZo Ho$ Cnam§V A_OXAbr AnZo {d^mJ _| _m_m Ho$ ghmao {OboXma
~Zm h¡ Ÿ& CgZo am_Xmg H$mo hm`ñHy$b Ho$ hoS>_mñQ>a H$s Zm¡H$ar {Xbm`r h¡ Ÿ& A_OXAbr am_Xmg H$m gÀMm {_Ì,
{hV¡fr Am¡a gwI-Xw:I H$m gmWr ahm h¡ Ÿ&
3.1.11 ~S>o R>mHw$a
~S>o R>mHw$a Om{V Ho$ R>mHw$a h¡§ Ÿ& {nVmOr Zo am_Xmg H$s VrZ ~hZm| H$s em{X`m| _| R>mHw$a go H$Om© {b`m Wm Ÿ&
S>oT> ~rKm IoV R>mHw$a Ho$ nmg Mbm J`m Ÿ& F¥$U MwH$mZo H$s MoîQ>m _| {nVmOr ~S>o R>mHw$a Ho$ nmg H$m_ H$aVo aho Ÿ& ~S>o
R>mHw$a H$s Jwbm_r CÝh| H$aZr nS> ahr Wr Ÿ& Jm§d H$m ñHy$b ~§X hmo OmZo na am_Xmg H$mo ^r ~S>o R>mHw$a Ho$ nmg Madmho
H$m H$m_ H$aZm nS> ahm h¡ Ÿ&
~S>o R>mHw$a H$s Xmo npËZ`m± Wr Ÿ& ~S>r H$mo ~S>H$m H$hVo Wo Ÿ& dh {XZ amV eam~ Ho$ Zeo _| ahVr Wr Ÿ& AnZo
em¡H$ nyao H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~S>o R>mHw$a Zo Xygar nËZr bm`r Wr Ÿ& N>moQ>H$m ~S>o R>mHw$a H$s Xygar ór Wr Ÿ& N>moQ>H$m H$s emXr
hþE Xmo gmb hþE Wo Ÿ& CgHo$ AmMaU Ho$ ~mao _| Jm§d _| H$WmE± \¡$br Wr Ÿ& {\$a ^r ~S>o R>mHw$a N>moQ>H$m H$s BÁOV H$aVo
Wo Ÿ& dh Ka H$m AZmO MwamH$a ~oMVr ahVr Wr Ÿ&
~S>o R>mHw$a Ho$ Xmo ~oQ>o h¢ Ÿ& ZÝhÿqgh Am¡a ~{bñQ>aqgh Ÿ& ^¡gm| H$s Madmhr H$aHo$ O~ N>moQ>H$m Ho$ nmg am_Xmg
Om ahm Wm V~ ~S>o R>mHw$a H$s ~¡R>H$ _¢ Omo Ñí` Wm dh BgàH$ma H$m h¡ ""~mha ~¡R>H$ _| ~S>o R>mHw$a Ho$ B©X©{JX© MmaN>h AmX_r ~¡R>o Wo Ÿ& hmb H$s _| B©I Ho$ ag H$mo gS>mH$a CgH$s eam~ ~ZmB© JB© Wr Ÿ& Cgr H$m ñdmX boZo Ho$ {bE `h
_h{\$b ~¡R>r Wr Ÿ& ~S>o R>mHw$a H$m N>moQ>m bS>H$m ~{bñQ>aqgh ^r Wm Ÿ& CgH$s C_« gmV-AmR> gmb hmoJr Ÿ& em`X Cgo
^r WmoS>r eam~ {nbmB© JB© Wr Ÿ& CgHo$ nm±dm| _| Kw±Kê$ ~m±Y {XE JE Wo Am¡a dh Z§J YS>§J hmbV _| eam{~`m| H$s Vah
{hbVm-Sw>bVm ZmM ahm Wm Ÿ& g^r Py_ aho Wo Ÿ&''
ZÝhyqgh H$s emXr gÌhd| df© _| hþ`r Ÿ& emXr Ho$ Xygao {XZ ZÝXyqgh H$s ~amV Ho$ g_` g_mMma {_bm {H$
am_Xmg Ho$ {nVmOr Ho$ hmW H$moëhÿ _| \±$gH$a {ng JE h¢ Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo O~ hoS>_mñQ>a ZdaVZbmb Ho$ nmg ahZm ewê$
{H$`m V~ ~S>o R>mHw$a Zo am_Xmg H$s IoVr AnZo Zm_ H$adm`r Am¡a hoS>_mñQ>a go Vrg ê$nE ^r dgyb {H$`o Ÿ& am_Xmg
Am¡a CgHo$ {nVmOr am_ZmWqgh (H$mH$m) H$mo ÌñV H$aZo Ed§ nrS>m nhþ±MmZo H$m H$m_ ~S>o R>mHw$a Zo {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& N>moQ>H$m
Ho$ H$hZo na am_Xmg H$mo ñHy$b OmZo H$s BOmOV ~S>o R>mHw$a Zo Xr Wr bo{H$Z \$sg XoZo go BÝH$ma CÝhm|Zo {H$`m h¡ Ÿ& ~S>o
R>mHw$a Zo H$hm h¡ ""dh Qw>H$S>Imoa \$sg Ho$ n¡go _m§JVm h¡ BgHo$ ~mn Zo H$_mH$a {X`m Wm ? BZ gmbm| na hOmam| ê$nE
J±dm {XE Ÿ& A~ `h ^r N>mVr na _y±J XbZo H$mo ~¡R>m hþAm h¡ Ÿ& ~oQ>m ^¢g Z MamE±Jo Ÿ& nT>|Jo Am¡a ~m{bñQ>ar H$a§oJo Ÿ& h_t
EH$ J`o h¢ Omo BZHo$ ~mn H$m ~moP T>moE±Jo Ÿ& _¢ H$hVm hÿ± N>moQ>H$m, Bgo H$h Xmo, em_ H$mo `h h_mao gm_Zo Z nS>m H$ao Ÿ&
BgH$m _w±h XoI boVm hÿ± Vmo EH$ N>Q>m±H$ IyZ KQ> OmVm h¡ Ÿ& \$sg Zht h¡ Vmo Zm_ H$Q>m bo, ^rI _m±Jo, hb OmoVo Ÿ& O¡go
Jm§d _| g~ h¢, d¡go hr AnZr Am¡H$mV go Hw$ËVo O¡gm nS>m aho Ÿ&''
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3.1.12 amOYa
amOYa H$s AnZr nwamZr [a`mgV h¡ Ÿ& `h [a`mgV {dbrZ hmoH$a A~ EH$ amÁ` H$m A§J ~Zr h¡ Ÿ& amOYa
AnZo {nVmOr OZ{à`Vm go bm^mpÝdV hmoH$a {doYmZ g^m _| nhþ±MH$a _§{Ì_§S>b _| nhþ±MZo H$s Amem aIVm h¡ Ÿ& IÔa
nhZVm h¡ Ÿ& Hw$Vm©, nm`Om_m, Jm§Yr Q>monr `h ZoVm H$s nmoemH$ Cgo ng§X h¡ Ÿ& EH$ {d>{MÌ {S>OmBZ H$s Mßnb|, Mm¡S>m
_ËWm, nVbr _±yN>| {VaN>r H$Q>r hþB© h¢ Ÿ& Cgo XoIVo hr nmaXe©H$, ñdÀN>, hmñ`{à` àd¥{ËV H$m n[aM` hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& gË`m
Zo AnZo H$_ao _| VrZ \$moQ>mo aIo h¢ CZ_| go EH$ amOYa H$m h¡ Ÿ&
`y{Zd{g©Q>r H$s g~ bS>{H$`m| Ho$ {df` _| g~ Hw$N> OmZH$a {_Ìm| go ~mV| H$aZodmbo Ho$ ê$n _| amOYa H$mo
OmZm OmVm h¡ Ÿ& A{ZVm H$mo CgZo H$å`w{ZñQ> H$hm Wm Ÿ& dh amOd§e H$m Xya go [aíVoXma Wm Ÿ& CgHo$ {nVmOr Hw$N> H$maUm|
go amOHw$b go AàgÞ hmo JE Wo Ÿ& dhm§ na MbVo hþE OZ Am§XmobZ H$mo {nVmOr Zo AnZo hmWm| {b`m Wm Am¡a do àOm
n[afX Ho$ AÜ`j ~Zo Wo Ÿ& [a`mgVm| _| bJ^J g^r A{YH$ma Am¡a ^moJ CÎmam{YH$ma Ho$ ê$n _| àmá hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& Bg kmZ
Ho$ AmYma na {nVm Zo amOYa H$mo `y{Zd{g©Q>r H$s {ejm XoZo Ho$ {bE bIZD$ ^oOm Wm Ÿ& do A~ d¥X²Y ~Zo Wo Ÿ& amOYa
H$s AdñWm nMrg df© H$s Wr Ÿ& dh ~r.E. nmg H$aHo$ AnZr [a`mgV XoIoJm Ÿ& Bggo {nVm Ho$ hmW H$m ZoV¥Ëd amOYa
Ho$ nmg Am gH$Vm Wm Ÿ& amOZr{VH$ nmQ>u, {gÕm§V, aMZmË_H$ H$m`© BÝht go g§~§{YV amOYa Zo ñnï> H$hm h¡ - ""h_
dmX Ho$ MŠH$a _| Zht nS>Vo Ÿ& {Og àH$ma ^r OZ{hV g§^d hmo, Cgo H$aZm Mm{hE Ÿ& amO-na§namE± A~ Bg ~rgdt gXr
_| AmD$Q> Am°\$ S>oQ> hmo JB© h¢ Ÿ& CZ na§namAm| H$mo g_má H$aHo$ EH$ ñdñW Am¡a gwÑT> emgZ H$s ì`dñWm hmoZr
Mm{hE Ÿ& Bg CÔoí` H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE h_| n[al_r, B©_mZXma ì`{ŠV`m| H$s Amdí`H$Vm h¡ Ÿ&
`w{Zd{g©Q>r _| nT>Zodmbr ha bS>H$s Ho$ {df` _| Cgo g~Hw$N> nVm Wm Ÿ& àË`oH$ Ho$ Hw$b erb Ho$ {df` _|
~mV| H$a gH$Vm Wm Ÿ& àË`oH$ H$mo AnZm {_Ì g_PVm Wm Ÿ& {gZo_m Ka _| CgHo$ nmg ~¡R>Zodmbr An[a{MV bS>{H$`m±
^r CgH$s {_ÌVmH$s n[a{Y _| Am OmVr Wr Ÿ& A{ZVm Ho$ ~mao _| ^r gmar OmZH$mar amOYa Zo am_Xmg H$mo Xr h¡ Ÿ& CgHo$
nmg dmXhrZ amOZr{VH$ kmZ Wm Ÿ& AnZo `hm± AmZoH$m {Z`§ÌU ^r amOYa Zo am_Xmg H$mo {X`m h¡ Ÿ& amOoídaqgh Ed§
~o~r, A{ZVm VWm CgHo$ {nVmOr, {\${bn-~o~r-H$m§S> Am{X H$s OmZH$mar amOYaZo Xr h¡ Ÿ&
amOYa {nVm Ho$ à^md go g\$bVm H$s CƒV_ gr_m VH$ OmZo H$s gmoM _| h_oem ahm Ÿ& lr amOYa ~r.E.
Eb².Eb².~r. {ejm {d^mJ _| Cn_§Ìr {Z`wŠV hþAm Ÿ&
3.1.13 \y$bm H$mH$s
j{Ì` ñHy$b Ho$ Mm¡H$sXma Ho$ [aíVo H$s gmg \y$bm H$mH$s h¡ Ÿ& å`w{Z{gn¡{bQ>r Ho$ EH$ J§Xo {H$Zmao na \y$bm H$m
N>moQ>m Xw_§{Obm _H$mZ Wm Ÿ& _H$mZ Ho$ D$na H$s _§{Ob _| Xmo H$_am| _| dh ahVr Wr Ÿ& CgH$s Am`w gmR>-n¢gR> gmb H$s
h¡ Ÿ& dh PJS>mbw àd¥{Îm H$s Wr Ÿ& CZH$m `wX²Y ào_ _wh„o _| à{gX²Y Wm Ÿ& CZHo$ OrdZ M[aÌ Ho$ ~mao _| Vah-Vah H$s
H$hm{Z`m± à{gX²Y h¢ Ÿ& CZH$s OdmZr Ho$ {XZm| _| CZHo$ n{V Zo Xygar emXr H$s Wr Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ CZHo$ H$moB© ~ƒm Zht
Wm Ÿ& gm¡V Am OmZo na Ka _| PJS>m hmoZo bJm Ÿ& \y$bm H$mH$s na BVZr _ma nS>r {H$ Cgo n{V H$m Ka N>moS>Zm nS>m Ÿ&
bo{H$Z CgZo n{V H$m Ka N>moS>m Wm V~ dh J^©dVr Wr Ÿ& ~mX H$m OrdZ H$hm± na ~rVm, ~ƒm H$hm± na hþAm, ~ƒo H$s
153
_¥Ë`w H$~ hþ`r BgH$s ~mV| {H$gr H$mo ^r kmV Zht h¡ Ÿ& Bg ñWmZ na dh ~mah gmb nhbo Am`r Wr Ÿ& EH$ Xrdm{b`m
~{Z`o go CÝhm|Zo `h _H$mZ IarX {b`m Ÿ& {H$am`o go {_bVo n¡gm| go dh Amam_ go ahVr h¡ Ÿ& ImZo Am¡a gmoZo H$m g_`
N>moS>H$a AÝ`m| go H«y$a Am¡a H$H©$e AmdmO go PJS>m H$aVr ahVr h¡ Ÿ& O~ bS>Vr Zht V~ bS>mB© H$s `moOZm ~ZmVr
ahVr h¡ Ÿ&
H$H©$e \y$bm H$mH$s Zo Hw$N> {Z`_ ~Zm`o Wo Ÿ& ""amV H$mo {gZo_m XoIm OmVm h¡ ao ! H$^r nw{bgdmbm Ya boJm
Vmo am_~m±g Hy$Q>Vo-Hy$Q>Vo hmW H$m gZrMa CVa OmEJm Ÿ& Bg _whbo _| ahZm h¡ Vmo Xg ~Oo VH$ H$_ao Ho$ A§Xa {XImB©
Xmo Am¡a amV-^a AmdmamJXu H$aZr hmo Vmo OmH$a H$ht _amo Ÿ& Bg _H$mZ _| earH$ OmV hr ah gH$Vo h¢ Ÿ& \y$bm H$mH$s
~S>~S>mVr ahVr Wr Ÿ& am_Xmg VrZ dfm] VH$ \y$bm H$mH$s H$s H$moR>ar _| ahm Ÿ& Xmo _mgm| H$m {H$am`m g_` na Z XoZogo
\y$bm H$mH$s H$m PJS>m am_Xmg go hþAm Wm Ÿ& `{X H§$nmoOrQ>a am_àgmX H$s _XX Z H$aVo Vmo Cgr jU \y$bm H$mH$s Cgo
H$_ao go {ZH$mb gH$Vr Wr Ÿ&
3.1.14 ~o~r
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$s gÌh-AR>mah df© H$s H$Ý`m ~o~r h¡ Ÿ& Cgo AnZo Zm_Ho$ AZwHy$b H$m_ H$aZo H$m
A{YH$ma Wm Ÿ& dh am_Xmg Ho$ H$_ao _| AmH$a CgH$s {M{Å>`m| H$mo nT>Vr Wr Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ H$_rOm| Am¡a OyVo VH$ gm\$
H$aZo H$m H$m_ dh H$aVr Wr Ÿ& CgHo$ AmH$f©U H$m H$m¡Z {H$VZm AZw^d H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m bm^ CR>mVm h¡ BgH$m
kmZ ~o~r H$mo Wm Ÿ& dh Xygam| go AH$S>H$a Q>oT>o _oT>o àíZ nyN>Vr Wr Ÿ& Hw$gu na ~¡R>H$a VoO go AnZo nm±d {hbmVr Wr Ÿ&
Xm¡S>H$a MbZm, Xygam| H$s ZH$b H$aZm, _OmH$ CS>mZm CgHo$ em¡H$ Wo Ÿ&
~o~r Zo A{ZVm H$m n[aM` am_Xmg go Am¡a am_Xmg H$m n[aM` A{ZVm go H$am`m h¡ Ÿ& ""`hr h¢ dh
_hme` Ÿ& am_Xmg {X J«oQ> Ÿ&'' {\$a AnZo {nVm H$s AmdmO H$s ZH$b H$aVr hþB© ~mobr, `h h¢ R>mHw$a am_Xmgqgh, BZgo
{_{bE, goë\$ _oS> {dÚmWu h¢ Ÿ& {\$a AnZr ñdm^m{dH$ MhH$ Ho$ gmW, Am¡a `h h¡ {_g - H$moB© {_g Zht - BÝh|
S>m{bªJ H${hE Ÿ& `h _oar S>m{bªJ h¡ Ÿ&'' am_Xmg Ho$ H$_ao H$s H§$nrQ>eZ go g§~§{YV {H$Vm~ XoIH$a CgZo KmofUm H$s
h¢ {H$ am_Xmgqgh bIZD$ Ho$ AmB©.nr.Eg². gr{ZAa gwa[aQ>|S>|Q> Am°\$ nw{bg ~Z|Jo Ÿ&
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$m emo\$a {\${bn Zo ~o~r go _m§gb ào_ {H$`m Ÿ& Cgo AnZo Omb _| \§$gm`m Ÿ& ~o~r CgH$s
Amoa AmH${f©V hþ`r Ÿ& {\${bn Zo Cgo ^Jm`m Ÿ& Cgo boH$a dh {X„r J`m Ÿ& R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh {X„r JE Am¡a CÝhm|Zo
~o~r H$mo _gyar bm`m Ÿ& lr_Vr amOoídaqgh ^r ghn[adma _gyar admZm hþB© Ÿ& `o gmar ~mV| am_Xmg H$mo kmV Wr Ÿ& AV:
A§{~Ho$eqgh, amOoídaqgh Am{X Zo am_Xmg go H$hZo na ^r am_Xmg Zo emXr go BÝH$ma {H$`m Ÿ& gË`m Zo ~o~r Ho$ ~mao
_| am_Xmg go H$hm h¢, ""~o~r Ho$ {df` _| OmZVo hmo ? CgH$s emXr hmo JB© h¡ Ÿ& {H$gr [a`mgV Ho$ H$moB© amOHw$_ma h¢ Ÿ&
~¡~r CÝht H$s Vrgar nËZr h¡ Ÿ&'' dh AnZo OrdZ _| gwIr Zht ~Zr h¡ Ÿ& A{ZVm Zo am_Xmg go H$hm h¡ ""em`X ~o~r
Ho$ gmW {H$gr H$m ^r gwIr hmoZm H${R>Z hmoJm Ÿ& dh AnZo Amn VH$ go gwIr Zht h¡ Ÿ&''
154
3.2 g§dmX `m H$WmonH$WZ
g§dmXm| go nmÌm| H$s A{^ì`{ŠV _wI[aV hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& M[aÌ-{MÌU gmH$ma hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& H$WmZH$ H$m àdmh
{H«$`merb hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& ""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' Ho$ g§dmX J{V_` h¢ Ÿ&'' n[aM` _| gË`m Am¡a XamoJm Ho$ àíZmoÎma go g§dmX
H$m àma§^ hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& A§{V_ g§dmX ""Cng§hma'' _| gË`m Am¡a am_mZwO Ho$ ~rM h¡ Ÿ& àma§{^H$ Am¡a A§{V_ dmVm©bmn
gË`m Ho$ h¢ Ÿ& _Z _| CR>Zodmbo H«w$a ^mdm| H$mo X~mH$a A§{V_ H$WZ am_Xmg Zo _Z hr _Z H$hm h¡ Ÿ& AV: ì`ŠV Am¡a
Aì`ŠV g§dmXmo§ H$s {Z{_©Vr CnÝ`mg _| hþ`r h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ {nVmOr Zo AnZr ì`Wm-H$Wm am_Xmg go H$hr h¡ Ÿ& Jm§d
Ho$ Madmho Jm{b`m±, _OmH$ _| ~mV| H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& ~m~y _wgÔrbmb (A_rZ gmh~) H$s dmUr gmaJ{W©V, g§ñH¥$V{Zð>,
Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$WmZH$m| go ^ar Ed§ à^mdr h¡ Ÿ& hoS>_mñQ>a R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh Ho$ H$WZ _| gm{hpË`H$ qhXr Am¡a g§ñH¥$V
{Zð>Vm h¡ Ÿ& O~ do H$hVo h¢ V~ CZHo$ H$WZ go N>mÌ JU à^m{dV hmoVo h¢ Ÿ& O~ do N>mÌm| H$mo S>m±Q>Vo h¢ V~ gd©Ì AmV§H$
Am¡a gÞmQ>m N>m OmVm h¡ Ÿ&
\y$bm H$mH$s, OS>mdZdmbr Ho$ g§dmXm| _| Jm{b`m±, am¡~ h¡ Ÿ& hoS>_mñQ>a ZdaËZbmb Ho$ g§dmXmo§ _| AmË_r`Vm
h¡ Ÿ& ~S>o R>mHw$a Ho$ g§dmXmo§ _| H$R>moaVm VWm Ah§H$ma ahm h¡ Ÿ& {díd{dÚmb`rZ N>mÌ amOYa, am_mZwO, í`m__mohZ,
A{ZVm, Hw§$da gwa|Ð àVmnqgh Ho$ H$WZmonH$WZm| go CZH$m M[aÌ gmH$ma hþAm h¢ Ÿ& àË`oH$ Zo AnZo _Z H$s ~mV|
am_Xmg Ho$ gm_Zo H$s h¡ Ÿ& ~o~r Ho$ g§dmXmo§ go CgH$s An[anŠd AdñWm ñnï> hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& {\$brn Zo Bg H$m JbV bm^
CR>m`m h¡ Ÿ& CnÝ`mg Ho$ g§dmXmo§ _| ñnï>Vm h¡ Ÿ& g§dmX N>moQ>o h¢ - O¡go
""AmYm nmd H$s {_H$Xma OmZVo hmo ?''
_¢ Zo ~Vm`m, ""Xmo N>Q>m±H$ Ÿ&''
~mobo, ""EH$ N>Q>m±H$ _| {H$VZo Vmobo ?''
""nm±M''
""EH$ Vmobo _¢ {H$VZo _meo ?''
""~mah''
""EH$ _meo _| H¡$ aÎmr ?''
""AmR>''
N>moQ>o g§dmXm| Ho$ gmW b§~o g§dmX ^r CnÝ`mg _| {_bVo h¢ Ÿ& A_OXAbr Ho$ g§dmXmo§ _| h_oem ^yV àoV H$s
~mV| ahr h¡ Ÿ& CgHo$ _Z _| am_Xmg Ho$ à{V ñZoh_`r ^mdZm h¡ Ÿ& O~ am_Xmg ~o~r Ho$ gmW emXr H$aZm AñdrH$ma
H$aVm h¡ V~ AnZo _Z H$s ~mV| ñnï> H$hr h¢ Ÿ& ""nwÌm| Zo {nVm H$s _mZ ajm Ho$ {bE Š`m Š`m Zht {H$`m Ÿ& Bg VÏ`
H$s EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ g_rjm Ho$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo AnZr naoemZr Om{ha H$s {H$ _oao AñdrH$ma H$aZo Ho$ na do R>mHw$a
amOoída{g§h H$mo H¡$go _w±h {XImd|Jo Ÿ&''
155
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' Ho$ g§dmX ñnï>, gab, gmaJ{^©V Am¡a àdmhr h¢ Ÿ& ì`ŠV Ed§ Aì`ŠV g§dmXm| go
nmÌm| H$m M[aÌ {MÌU gmH$ma hþAm h¡ Ÿ& g§dmX nmÌmZwHy$b Am¡a n[apñW`m| H$mo ñnï> H$aZo _| g_n©H$ h¢ Ÿ& gmo~aZqgh
Am¡a _OXyam| Ho$ H$WZmonH$WZm| go M¡VA
w m| H$s nrS>m ì`ŠV hþ`r h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg H$s qMVm CgHo$ {nVm, R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh,
Hw§$da gwa|Ð àVmnqgh, gË`m Am{X Ho$ H$WZm| _| ì`má h¡ Ÿ&
3.3 Xoe H$mb VWm dmVmdaU
CnÝ`mg _| Xoe H$mb dmVmdaU H$m _hÎd hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& H$WmdñVw H$m {dH$mg, CÔoí` H$s ny{V© M[aÌ {MÌU
BZ_| CgH$s {ZVm§V Oê$aV hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& g§dmXm| na ^r CgH$m H$m\$s à^md hmoVm h¡ Ÿ& Xoe H$m _Vb~ ñWmZ h¡ Ÿ& CnÝ`mg
H$s KQ>ZmE± {OZ ñWmZm| na K{Q>V hþB© CgH$m à^md H¡$gm ahm BgH$m {MÌU CnÝ`mg _| ahVm h¡ Ÿ& ""gyZr KmQ>r H$m
gyaO'' H$s KQ>ZmE± {OZ ñWmZm| na K{Q>V hþB© do ñWmZ BgàH$ma h¢ Ÿ& gË`m Am¡a am_Xmg {Og ñWmZ na Xmo {XZ Ho$ {bE
h¢ dhm± gË`m Ho$ MmMm Zo bIZD$ go Vrg {_b H$s Xyar na AnZm EH$ \$m_© hmD$g ~Zm`m h¡ Ÿ& {Og aobñQ>oeZ Ho$ nmg
do Kw_Zo J`o Wo dhm§ ^Q>nwam Jm§d h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg H$m OÝ_ {Og Jm§d _| hþAm dhm§ Xygar H$jm VH$ H$m ñHy$b Wm Ÿ& Xygar
go AmJo H$s {ejm nmZo Ho$ {bE AÝ` Jm§d _| OmZm nS>Vm Wm Ÿ& am_Xmg Zo Vrgar go [_{S>b VH$ H$s {ejm hoS>_mñQ>a
ZdaVZbmb Jm§d _| Am¡a ~mX H$s {ejm H$mZnwa VWm bIZD$ _| nyar H$s h¡ Ÿ& A_OXAbr Am¡a am_Xmg Nw>{Å>`m±
~rVmZo nhmS>r àXoe nhþ±Mo Wo Ÿ& A_OXAbr {OboXma ~ZH$a aZnwam H$s Zha H$moR>r _| ahVm h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Zm¡H$ar
hm`ñHy$b _| H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo ahZo Ho$ {bE à~§Y ñHy$b Ho$ nmg hr H$a {X`m h¡ Ÿ& BgHo$ nhbo CgZo hoS>_mñQ>a
ZdaVZbmb H$m H$_am J§Jm Ho$ {H$Zmao eha Ho$ Hw$N> Xya J§Jmnwa [a`mgV H$s H$moR>r, \y$bm H$mH$s H$m H$_am, ñHy$b Ho$
nmg Mnam{g`m| Ho$ ahZodmbr H$moR>ar, R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$m H$_am, A{ZVm Ho$ Ka _oh_mZ ~ZH$a ahZm, hmoñQ>b,
am_mZwO MQ>Ou H$m H$_am Am{X ñWmZm| na AnZm OrdZ {~Vm`m h¡ Ÿ&
am_Xmg H$s àma§{^H$ {ejm go boH$a `w{Zd{g©Q>r H$s {ejm Ed§ A§V _| aZnwam Ho$ hm`ñHy$b _| hoS>_mñQ>a ~ZZo
V~ H$m H$mb Am`m h¡§ Ÿ& ""n[aM`'' _| àma§^ _| Aà¡b _mg Ho$ nm§M ~Oo H$s em_ H$m dU©Z Am`m h¡ Ÿ& A§J«oOr Am¡a
^maVr` _mgm| Ho$ Zm_ ñWmZ-ñWmZ na AmE h¢ Ÿ& AZoH$ ñWmZm| na dfm] H$s {JZVr ^r h¡ Ÿ&OS>mZdmbr Ho$ H$hZo na
am_Xmg H$mo amV Ho$ g_` nmZr ^aZm nS>Vm h¡ Ÿ& ""Cng§hma'' _| am_mZwO Am¡a gË`m nhmS>r joÌ _| S>mH$ ~§Jbo _| ahZo
JE h¢ Ÿ& A§Yoar amV _| nhmS>r H$s Cg Amoa Ho$ nrN>o Ohm§ am_Xmg Zm¡H$ar H$aZo J`m h¢ bo{H$Z Cg ñWmZ H$mo gË`mZo XoIm
Zht h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$Z gË`m A§YH$ma H$s g_rjm _| Imo`r hþB© h¡ Ÿ& CnÝ`mgH$ma lrbmb ewŠb Zo {XZ-amV, df©-_mg, KS>r
({H$VZo ~Oo h¢), eara H$s AdñWm Am{X H$m C„oI AZoH$ ñWmZm| na {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
dmVmdaU Ho$ A§VJ©V n[apñW{V`m± AmVr h¢ Ÿ& ""_oao Hw$N> g§ñ_aU'' _| am_Xmg Ho$ g§ñ_aUm| Ho$ A§VJ©V
gm_m{OH$, Am{W©H$, amOZr{VH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, n[apñW{V`m| H$m {MÌU ~Iy~r Am`m h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg Ho$ Jm§d _| Xygar
H$jmVH$ {ejm H$s ì`dñWm h¡ Ÿ& R>mHw$am| H$mo N>moS>H$a Jm§d _| Jar~r, XrZVm, Mmoar, H$O©, eam~ Am{X go bmoJ ÌñV
h¡ Ÿ& ñHy$b _| àmW©Zm hmoVr h¡, am_Xmg Ho$ {nVm H$mH$m Xmohm JmH$a B©ídar àmW©Zm H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& _wgÔrbmb e§H$a H$s àmW©Zm
H$S>H$H$a H$aVo h¢ Ÿ& N>moQ>H$m R>mHw$a go MwamH$a Ka H$m AZmO {~H$Vr h¡ Ÿ& Jar~r Ho$ H$maU am_Xmg H$s {ejm _| {X¸$V|
AmVr h¢ Ÿ& _w§er ZdaËZbmb Ho$ Ka nmZr ^aH$a, _wgÔrbmb H$s godm H$aHo$ CgH$s àm`_ar {ejm g_mßV hmoVr h¡ Ÿ&
156
hoS>_mñQ>a A§{~Ho$eqgh H$s ghm`Vm, R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$s _XX, AnZo {_Ìm| go H$s J`r ghm`Vm Am{X go CgH$s
{ejm nyar hmoVr h¡ Ÿ& nhmS>r àXoe _| M¡VwAm| H$m emofU, {díd{dÚmb`rZ amOZr{V go emofU, àmo. {gÝhm Ûmam Xygam|
H$s {bIr nwñVH$m| na AnZm Zm_ {bIZo H$s àd¥{Îm Am{X ~mV| boIH$ Zo ñnï>Vm go {bIr h¢ Ÿ& goR> _hoe_b H$m_YoZw
n{ÌH$m {ZH$mb|Jo gmam H$m_ am_Xmg H$aoJm bo{H$Z Zm_ CZH$m ahoJm Ÿ& BgHo$ {bE am_Xmg V¡`ma Zht h¡ Ÿ& H$m°boO _|
nT>mB© H$m H$m_ am_Xmg H$mo {_bVm h¡ bo{H$Z ""doVZ Añgr ê$n`m _m{gH$ Ÿ& na, CZ Añgr ê$n`m| _| ~rg ê$n`m
_m{gH$ H$m°boO H$mo XmZ Ho$ ê$n _| XoZo nS>Vo h¢ Ÿ& AWm©V², Añgr ê$n`m _m{gH$ doVZ H$s h¡{g`V aIVm hÿ± Ÿ& gmR> ê$n`m
doVZ nmVm hÿ± Ÿ& _B© Ho$ _hrZo _| _wPo Zm¡H$ar go {ZH$mb {X`m OmEJm, Bggo H$m°boO H$s Xmo _hrZo H$s VZ»dmh H$s ~MV
hmo OmEJr Ÿ& OwbmB© _wPo {\$a aI {b`m OmEJm Ÿ& `{X _¢ {\$a Zm¡H$ar Z H$aZm Mmhÿ± Vmo A{ZVm Ho$ eãXm| _|, Bg
`w{Zd{g©Q>r _| _oao-O¡go ~hþVgo AmhV Am¡a An§J h¢ Ÿ&''
""gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO'' _| `wJ Ho$ AmH$f©U, AVrV H$s àVmS>Zm Am¡a dV©_mZ H$s {Zamem ì`má h¡ Ÿ&
3.4 ^mfm-e¡br
^mfm A{^ì`{ŠV H$m geŠV gmYZ h¡ Ÿ& _mZd AnZo ^md Am¡a {dMmam| H$mo ^mfm Ho$ _mÜ`_ go A{^ì`ŠV
H$aVm h¡ Ÿ& gm_m{OH$ `WmW© H$s ñnîQ> Pm§H$s "gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO' _| A{^ì`ŠV hþB© h¡ Ÿ& gab, ñnï, ^mddmhr Ed§
\«$dmhr ^mfm Ho$ Ûmam boIH$ Ed§ nmÌm| Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo `hm± àH$Q> {H$`m J`m h¡ Ÿ& ñHy$b H$s àmW©Zm, am_XmgHo$ {nVmOr
H$m àmW©Zm_` Xmohm, _wgÔrbmb (A_rZgmh~) H$s e§H$a H$s àmW©Zm, R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh Ho$ H$WZ, Hw§$da gwa|ÐàVmn
~hmXwaqgh Ho$ \$m_© na àmV: Mma ~Oo Jm`r OmZodmbr àmW©Zm Ho$ A§VJ©V g§ñH¥$V{Zï>, gm{hpË`H$ Ed§ gmYwg§Vm| Ho$
CnXoem| go `wŠV ^mfm H$m à`moJ hþAm h¡ Ÿ& {e{jV nmÌm| H$s ^mfm _| A§J«oOr, CXy© ^mfm Ho$ eãX AmE h¢ Ÿ& EH$ nÌ
amOoídaqgh Zo A§J«oOr _| Q>mBn H$aHo$ am_Xmg H$mo {bIm h¡ Ÿ& bo{H$Z CgH$m gma ""g§ñ_aU'' _| qhXr _| h¡ Ÿ& am_Xmg
{bIVm h¡ ""Xygam nÌ A§J«oOr _| Wm Ÿ& Q>mBn {H$`m hþAm Ÿ& _gyar go R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh Zo {bIm Wm Ÿ&'' _wgÔrbmb
H$s ^mfm _| _whmdam| Am¡a H$hmdVm| H$m à`moJ h¡ Ÿ& O¡go O_t Ow§~X Z Ow§~X Jwb_whå_X
Omo H$ao godm, gmo ImE _odm
Omo Im` MZm, gmo aho ~Zm Am{X
OS>mdZdmbr -
h_mao _mñQ>a gmh~ {Og H$mo bmE±Jo, dh gZrMa H$m AdVma hmoJm Ÿ&
g~ Hw$Hw$[a`m OJÞmWZ OmE±Jr Vmo nÎmb H$m¡Z MmQ>oJm ?
ghO, gab, g§dmXnyU© Ed§ geŠV ^mfm Ho$ H$maU Bg N>moQ>o CnÝ`mg H$m JR>Z dU©ZmË_H$ VWm gnmQ> T>§J
go ahm h¡ Ÿ&
157
CnÝ`mgH$ma Zo "gyZr KmQ>r H$m gyaO' CnÝ`mg H$s {Z{_©Vr B{Vd¥ÎmmË_H$ e¡br _| H$s h¡ Ÿ& am_XmgZo AnZo
OrdZmZw^d {bIH$a nT>Zo Ho$ {bE gË`m H$mo {XE h¢ Ÿ& dh {bIVm h¡ ""gË`m Vw_ _oao g§ñ_aU nT> MwH$mo hmo Ÿ& AnZo
Ah_ Ho$ nmofH$ Ho$ {bE nhbo _¢Zo Hw$N> A§e {bIo Wo Ÿ& ~mX _| Vwåhmar CËgwH$Vm H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE CÝh| A~ VH$ H$mbH«$_mZwgma nyam H$am S>mbm Ÿ& BZ_| _oao ~mao _| Omo Hw$N> kmVì` Wm, bJ^J dhr g^r Hw$N> Am MwH$m h¡ Ÿ&''
Bg_| nÌmË_H$ e¡br H$m à`moJ hwAm h¡ Ÿ& gË`m H$m am_mZwO Ho$ Zm_ nÌ, A_OXAbr H$m {_Ìda am_Xmg
Ho$ {bE Zm¡H$ar na OmZo H$m nÌ, g§ñ_aUm| Ho$ ZrMo gË`m H$m am_Xmg H$mo nÌ, A§J«oOr _| Q>mBn {H$`m hþAm _gyar go
R>mHw$a amOoídaqgh H$m am_Xmg Ho$ Zm_ nÌ, ~o~r go emXr H$aZo H$m BÝH$ma H$aZo na Hw§$da gwa|Ð àVmn ~hmXwaqgh H$m
am_Xmg H$mo Or ^aH$a Jm{b`m| go `wŠV {bIo nÌ H$m Ame`, AnZr {_ÌVm go g§~§{YV í`m__mohZ AJ«dmb H$m
am_Xmg H$mo {bIm hþAm, nÌ, hoS>_mñQ>a ~m~y ZdaËZbmb Zo ga~amH$a ~m~y am_aVZ Am¡a hoS>_mñQ>a R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh
H$mo {M{Ç>`m± {bIr h¢ Ÿ& Am{X nÌ Ed§ {M{Å>`m| H$m C„oH$ CnÝ`mg _| h¡ Ÿ& boIH$ Zo ì`§½`mË_H$ e¡br H$m ^r à`moJ {H$`m
h¡ Ÿ&
CnÝ`mg n[aM`, àma§^, _oao Hw$N> g§ñ_aU, g§ñ_aU, Cng§hma BZ nm§M ^mJm| _| {d^m{OV h¡ Ÿ& BZ_| g§ñ_aU
Ho$ A§VJ©V Zm¡ Am¡a Cng§hma Ho$ A§VJ©V AmR> H${S>`m± h¡ Ÿ&
4.
ñd`§ AÜ``Z Ho$ {bE àíZ
1.
am_ZmW AnZo {nVm am_ZmWqgh H$mo .............. H$hVo Wo Ÿ&
(1) H$mH$m
2.
(2) am_ZmWqgh
(3) A_OXAbr
(4) ~S>o R>mHw$a
(2) h[aeM§Ð
(3) ewÕmoXH$
(4) ewÕmoXZ
bmoJ H$hVo Wo {H$ ........ Vw_go ~hþV ß`ma H$aVm Wm Ÿ& `hm§VH$ gmoMm OmVm Wr {H$ Vw_ bmoJ {ddmh H$a
bmoJo Ÿ&
(1) am_Xmg
6.
(2) N>moQ>H$m (N>moQ>r R>Hw$amBZ) (3) {N>Iw[a`m (4) M_Hw$b
amOm Vw_Zo AnZo H$mo ewÕ H$hm Vmo Vwåhmam Zm_ ............... hmoJm Ÿ&
(1) gË`dmZ
5.
(4) XmXm
am_Xmg H$mo _w§er ZdaVZbmb H$s eaU nmZo _| ............ go ghm`Vm {_br Ÿ&
(1) _wgÔrbmb
4.
(3) A_rZ
.......... AZmO Mwam MwamH$a Jm§d ^a _| ~oMVr h¡ Am¡a n¡go boH$a {_R>mB© _§JmVr h¡ Ÿ&
(1) ~S>H$s
3.
(2) _m_m
(2) {\${bn
(3) amOYa
(4) í`m__mohZ
(3) gm[aH$m
(4) H$m_YoZw
n{ÌH$m H$m Zm_ h_ bmoJm| Zo gmoMm h¡ ............
(1) am{YH$m
(2) _Yw_Vr
158
7.
gË`m Ho$ {nVmOr H$m Zm_ .......... h¡ Ÿ&
(1) gË`|ÐZmW
8.
(2) Mmê$M§Ð
(2) am_mZwO
(3) amOoída
(2) ~o~r
(3) gwf_m
6.
(4) A{ZVm
Hw±$da gwa|ÐàVmn ~hmXwaqgh Ho$ ................ Zo AnZm ~oQ>m _mZm h¡ Ÿ&
(1) R>mHw$a A§{~Ho$eqgh (2) amOoídaqgh
5.
(4) am_Xmg
EH$ Hw§${R>V CnÝ`mgH$ma Ho$ {_Ï`m H$V¥©Ëd go _¢Zo ........... Zm_ H$m g¥OZ {H$`m h¡ Ÿ&
(1) gË`m
10.
(4) àmo. {gÝhm
Pm±gr Ho$ A{gñQ>|Q> gwn[aQ>|S>|Q> Am°\$ nw{bg .......... h¢ Ÿ&
(1) amOYa
9.
(3) {XZH$a
(3) amOZmWqgh
(4) ^Q>nwam Ho$ XmamoJm
nm[a^m{fH$ eãX Ed§ eãXmW©
{IVm~
: nXdr
à~§Y
: Am`moOZ, Cnm`
H$m[a¨Xm
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