1
f'kokth fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj
oxZ % ch- ,- Hkkx 3
ejkBh ¼fo’ks”k½
uohu vH;kldze
twu 2009 iklwu ykxw
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 4 & dkO;’kkL=
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 5 & Hkk”kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk”kk
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 6 & ejkBh okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl ¼izkjaHk rs b-l- 1800½
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 7 & ejkBh Hkk”kk% mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 8 & ejkBh lkfgR;krhy fofo/k izokgkaps v/;;u
vH;klif=dk dzekad 4
dkO;’kkL=
• mfn~n”Vs%
1- ikSokZR; dkO;’kkL=kph vksG[k d:u ns.ks2- dkO;kph y{k.ks vkf.k iz;kstus letkowu ns.ks3- lkfgR;kph fufeZfrizfdz;k vkf.k LOk:i tk.kwu ?ks.ks4- lkfgR; vkLoknizfdz;k letkowu ?ks.ks5- lkfgR; fufeZrhP;k vkf.k vkLoknkP;k vkuankph ehekalk dj.ks6- fo|kF;kZpa k okM~%e;hu n`f”Vdks.k fodflr dj.ks• vH;kldze
1- dkO;y{k.k ¼ikSokZR;½
Hkkeg % ‘kCnkFkkSZ lfgRkkS dkO;e~ !
n.Mh % ‘kjhj rkofn”VkFkZO;ofPNUuk inkoyh !
okeu % dkO;e~ xzkg;e~ vyadkjkr ! lkSna ;Ze~ vyadkj%!
jhfrjkRek dkO;L; fof'k”Vk injpuk jhfr% !
:nzV % uuq 'kCnkFkkSZ dkO;e~ !
vkuano/kZu % dkO;L;kRek /ofu%!
dqard % ‘kCnkFkkSZ lfgrkS odzdfoO;kikj‘kkfyuh ca/ks O;ofLFkrkS dkO;e~ rf}nkYgkndkfj.kh!
{ksensa z % vkSfpR;L; & jlthforHkwrL;!
eEeV % rr~vnks”kkS ‘kCnkFkkSZ lxq.kkS vuyad`rhiqu%Dokfi!
fo’oukFk % okD;a jlkReda dkO;e~!
txUUkkFk % je.kh;kFkZizfriknd% ‘kCn% dkO;e~ ! ¼,dq.k 11 y{k.ks½
2- dkO; iz;kstu ¼ikSokZR;½
eEeVkph dkO;iz;kstus % ;’k] vFkZ] O;ogkjfoKku] v’kqHkrkfuokj.k]
vkuan] dkarklafer mins’k ¼,dw.k 6½
3- dkO;iz;kstu ¼ik’pkRR; o vk/kqfud½
iyk;uokn] bPNkiwrhZ vFkok LoIujatu] ftKklkiwrhZ] mn~cks/ku] vkRekfo”dkj
/keZ] eks{k] uhrh] thoukuqHkwrh½ ¼,dw.k 9½
4- dkO;dkj.k
2
5-
6-
7-
8-
dkO;fufeZrhph mRiknd vFkok tud dkj.ks
1- izfrHkk % #nzV] eEeV] vkf.k vfHkuoxqIr ;kaP;k izfrHksP;k O;k[;kizfrHksph lgk vax%s xzg.k] Lej.k] fuoM] ewG dYiuk] LQwrhZ vkf.k mRiz{s kk
izfrHksph pkj oSf’k”V;s % izfrHkkO;kikj] izfrHksps vykSfddRo] viwoZfufeZrh{ke izfrHkk]
izfrHkk gh osMkph cgh.k
2- O;qRiRrh
3- vH;kl
4- HkkoukRedrk
5- cgqJqrrk
dkO;fufeZrhph lkgk¸;d vFkok xkS.k dkj.ks
1-ekufld LokLF; 2-'kkjhfjd LokLF; 3-ifjfLFkrh 4- Le`frn`<rk 5-HkDrh
‘kCn’kDrh %
vfHk/kk % O;k[;k o izdkj % ;ksx] #<h] ;ksx#<
y{k.kk % Lo#i&O;k[;k] y{k.ksl vko’;d xks”Vh % eq[;kFkZck/kk] y{;kFkkZ’kh eq[;kFkkZ’kh lac/a k]
#<h vFkok iz;kstu ¼miizdkj visf{kr ukghr½
'kkCnh O;atuk % 1 vfHk/kkewyd O;atuk 2- y{k.kkewyd O;atuk
vkFkhZ O;atuk % 1- oLrq/ofu 2- vyadkj/ofu 3- jl/ofu
O;atuk ‘kDrhps dkO;krhy egRRo o frP;kcn~ny vk{ksijlfopkj %
Hkjrequhps jllw=] Hkjrequhauh fnysys vkB LFkk;hHkko o jl]
HkÍuk;d vkf.k vfHkuo xqIr ;kapk jlfopkj]
jldlksV;k % ewyHkwrrk] lkoZf=drk] mfprrk] vkLok|rk] mnkRrhdj.k]
HkfDrjl vkf.k ‘kkarjl ;kapk fopkj
dkO;kuanehekalk
v- dohpk vkuan % dzhMkuan] fufeZrhpk vkuan] vkRekfo”dkjkuan ¼,dw.k 3½
c- jfldkpk vkuan % Kkukuan] jl ok poZ.kk] peRd`fr] le/kkrrk] iqu%izR;;] izR;fHkKk]
rknkRE;] ftKkliwfrZ ¼,dw.k 8½
d- d#.kjlkuan % dsoykuanokn] lq[knq%[kkRed jlHkkouk]
nksu eus% v.kw vkf.k foHkw] dWFkkflZl ¼,dw.k 4½
vyadkj] Nan vkf.k o`Rrs % Lo#i vkf.k fo’ks”k
vyadkj % miek] #id] ;ed] n`”VkUr] vuqizkl] vfr’k;ksDrh
Nan % vHkax] vksoh] eqDrNan] yko.kh
o`Rr % Hkqtxa iz;kr] vk;kZ] fnaMh] olarfrydk
¼O;k[;k] Lo#i o mnkgj.ks visf{kr vkgsr-½
Vhi % izR;sd ?kVdklkBh 15 rkfldk vlrhy
3
• iz'uif=dsps Lo#i o xq.kfoHkkx.kh
iz'u 1- oLrqfu”B iz’u
v½ ;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
4 xq.k
c½ pwd dh cjkscj rs fygk-
4 xq.k
d½ xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; ‘kCn Hkjk
4 xq.k
M½ tksM;k tqGok ¼^v^ xVkr 4] ^c^ xVkr 5 ½
4 xq.k
b½ ,dk okD;kr mRrjs fygk-
4 xq.k
iz'u 2- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 3- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 4- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
iz'u 5- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
iz'u 6- v½ vyadkjkaoj % Lo#i] O;k[;k o mnkgj.kklg
8 xq.k
¼rhu vyadkjkiSdh nksuph mRrjs vko’;d½
mnkgj.kkFkZ] vyadkj Eg.kts dk; rs lkaxuw iq<hyiSdh dks.kR;kgh
nksu vyadkjkaP;k O;k[;k o mnkgj.ks |k1- ;ed 2- #id 3- n`”Vkar
c½ Nan vFkok o`Rrs ;koj y{k.ks o mnkgj.kklg
¼rhu vyadkjkiSdh nksuph mRrjs vko’;d½
mnkgj.kkFkZ] o`Rr Eg.kts dk; rs lkaxuw iq<hyiSdh dks.kR;kgh nksgksaph
y{k.ks lkaxuw mnkgj.ks |k1- Hkqtxa iz;kr 2- vk;kZ 3- fnaMh
¼lwpuk % vyadkj] Nan] o`Rrs ;koj oLrqfu”B iz’u vl.kkj ukgh- iz’u
dzekad 6 v vkf.k c gkp vyadkj] Nan vkf.k o`Rrs ;koj vlsy-½
• ewyHkwr okpu
1234-
vfHkuo dkO;izdk’k %& jk- Jh- tksx
dkO;’kkL=iznhi %& l- jk- xkMxhG
Hkkjrh; lkfgR;’kkL= %& x- «;a- ns’kikaMs
lqxe ejkBh O;kdj.k & ys[ku % eks- jk- okGacs
• iwjd okpu
1- izkphu dkO;’kkL= % j- ia- daxys
2- ejkBhps lkfgR;’kkL= % Kkus’oj rs jkenkl % ek-xks- ns’keq[k
3- jlfoe’kZ % MkW- ds-uk- okVos
4- lqyHk dkO;’kkL= % ia- egknso’kkL=h tks’kh
• lanHkZ xzFa k
8 xq.k
4
12345-
dkO;foHkze % jk-Jh- tksx
vksoh % Nan o Lo#i % MkW- jksfg.kh rqdnso
Hkkjrh; dkO;’kkL=kph mRdzkarh % MkW- ok-ds-ysys
ejkBh Nanksjpuspk fodkl % uk-x-tks’kh
lkfgR; vkf.k leh{kk % ok-y-dqyd.khZ ¼ ikWI;qyj ½
vH;klif=dk
vH;klif=dk dzekad 5
Hkk”kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk”kk
• mfn~~n”Vs
1- vk/kqfud Hkk”kkfoKkukpk ifjp; d#u ns.ks2- Hkk”kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk”kk ;kapk lglac/a k tk.kwu ?ks.ks3- Hkk”ksph mRiRrh] Lo#i] dk;Z letkowu ?ks.ks
4- /ofu o vFkZifjorZukph ehekalk dj.ks
5- ejkBhph o.kZO;oLFkk o ‘kCnkP;k tkrh letkowu ?ks.ks
6- ejkBh Hkk”kscn~nyph fo|kF;kZpa h vkoM fodflr dj.ks
vH;kldze
1- Hkk”ksph mRiRrh
bZ’oj] jktk vkf.k lekt ;kauh Hkk”kk fuekZ.k dsyh ;kckcrph ers] Hkk”ksP;k mRiRrhP;k miiRrh vFkok
fl/nkar% bafxr (Gestural), vuqdj.k (Bow-Bow), j.ku (Ding-Dong)] HkkoukfHkO;Drh
(Pooh-Pooh) ] Jeifjgkj (Ye-He-Ho)] izsexkuewyd (Sing-Song)] laidZ (Contact)
dzhMklDrh (Play-Way Theory) vkf.k leUo;
2- Hkk”ksps Lo#i] oSf’k”V;s vkf.k dk;Z
Hkk"ksP;k O;k[;k % d`- ika- dqyd.khZ] uk- xks- dkysydj] Jh- u- xtsna zxMdj
Hkk”ksps Lo#i% lektO;ogkjkps lk/ku] /ofuek/;erk] izfrdkRedrk] ladsrc/nrk] Hkk”kk&,d i/nrh]
Hkk”kk ekuoh vkgsEkkuoh vkf.k ekuosrj laiz”s k.k] Hkkf”kd vkf.k Hkk”ksrj laisz”k.k] Hkk”kscn~nyps n`f”Vdks.k@letqrh] lh-,Q
gkWdVs us lkafxrysyh Hkk”ksph lkr oSf’k”V;s % nqgsjhi.k (Duality) fufeZfr{kerk (Productivity) ]
dk;Zdkj.klac/a kkpk vHkko ¼;kn`fPNdrk-Arbitrariness ½ vnykcnyhph ‘kD;rk (Inter
Changeability) ] fof’k”Vhdj.k (Specialization) ] LFkydkykrhrrk (Displacement),
lkaLd`frd ladze.k (Cultural Transmission) ;k f’kok; lkekftd laLFkk] vftZr Hkk”kk]
ifjorZu’khyrk] jSf[kdrk- jkseku ;kdclu ¼1896&1982½ d`r Hkk”ksph lgk dk;sZ% lanHkZfu”Brk]
dkO;kRe] vkfo”dkjRe] ifj.kkefu”B] laidZfu”B] Hkk”kkfo”k;d3- /of
/ofuifjorZu
O;k[;k vkf.k fo’ks”k% fujiokn] fu;fer] vKs;] lkoZf=d /ofuifjorZudkj.ks% ftr&tsrs lac/a k] fHkUu Hkkf”kd lac/a k] vkGl] vuqdj.kkph viw.kZrk] okfxafnz;krhy nks”k]
Jo.ksfa nz;krhy nks”k] mPpkj’kh?kzrk] vKku] vk?kkr] mPpkjlkSd;Z] vkgkj] HkkSxksfydrk] oxZfl/nkar]
yksdHkze] lkn`';rk ¼,dw.k 15½
izdkj % vaR;Louyksi] ,dLouhdj.k] vk|Loukxe] e/;Loukxe] vaR;Loukxe] lkfUu/k ifj.kke]
lekuLouyksi] foln`’khdj.k] ?kks”khdj.k] v?kks”khdj.k] ek=kHksn] ln`’krk] vfr’kq/nh] nq”iz;ksx]
Loufoi;Z; ¼,dw.k 15½
4- vFkZifjorZu
5
O;k[;k vkf.k Lo#i% vFkZ Eg.kts funsZ’k] izfrek] ladYiuk o fopkjdkj.ks% lkE;rRRo] #id&y{k.kktU; ‘kCn] cnyrs lektthou] v’kqHkrk ifjgkj] xzkE;rkifjgkj]
vfr’k;ksDrh] ‘kCnfl/nh] vfrifjp;krwu lH;rk] vR;knjn’kZu] lkaLd`frd vknku ¼,dw.k 10½
izdkj% vFkZfoLrkj] vFkZld
a ksp] vFkZiz’kLrh] vFkZP;qrh] vFkkZid”kZ] vFkkZUrj] vFkZHkaz’k] vFkkZn’s k] vFkZHksn]
vFkZlkj ¼,dw.k 10½
5- ejkBhpk mxedkG
ejkBhP;k mxedkG fuf’prhph lk/kus%
1- xzFa k % foosdfla/kw] yhGkpfj=] Kkus’ojh] T;ksfr”kjRuekyk] gsepanz o oj#fpps O;kdj.kxzFa k
jkterhizcks/k] ekulksYykl] dqoy;ekyk
2- ys[k % muds’oj] ia<jiwj] usokls] vkact
s ksxkbZ] ijG] iGlnso] Jo.kcsGxksG] fnos&vkxj ;sFkhy
f’kykys[k@rkeziV
3- oS|&xq.ks okn
6- ejkBhph tudHkk”kk
1- varoZrGZw &cfgoZrwZG fl/nkar
2- ejkBhP;k iwoZHkk”kkaps _.k % laLd`r] ikyh] iS’kkph] ekx/kh] v/kZekx/kh] ‘kkSjlsuh] ekgkjk”Vªh viHkaz’k
¼laLd`r>izkd`r>viHkz’a k> ejkBh v’kh lk[kGh ;k Lo#ikr v/;;u d# u;s-½
3- tudHkk”ksfo”k;h ers% izk- iz- jk- ns’keq[k] fo- dk- jktokMs] —- ika- dqyd.khZ] MkW- ‘ka- xks- rqGiqGs
7- ejkBh o.kZO;oLFkk
_] y`] vW] vkW] lg 18 Loj] 36 O;atus] o.kZO;oLFksps mPpkjLFkkukuqlkj oxhZdj.k
Lojkaps izdkj % &gLo] nh?kZ] fl/n] lkf/kr] ltkrh;] fotkrh;] O;atukaps izdkj % rkyO;] varLFk]
m”e] la;qDr] ew/kZU;] dBksj o e`n]w vYiizk.k o egkizk.kvuqukfld ¼Loj o O;atu ;kaph O;k[;k] oSf’k”V;s visf{kr½
8- ‘kCntkrh
‘kCnlaKk&O;k[;k] ‘kCntkrh % fodkjh vkf.k vfodkjh miizdkjklg
¼O;k[;k] fo’ks”k] mnkgj.ks ;klg misf{kr½
Vhi% izR;sd ?kVdklkBh 15 rkfldk vlrhy
• iz'uif=dsps Lo#i o xq.kfoHkkx.kh
6
iz'u 1- oLrqfu”B iz’u
v½ ;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
4 xq.k
c½ pwd dh cjkscj rs fygk-
4 xq.k
d½ xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; ‘kCn Hkjk
4 xq.k
M½ tksM;k tqGok ¼^v^ xVkr 4] ^c^ xVkr 5 ½
4 xq.k
b½ ,dk okD;kr mRrjs fygk-
4 xq.k
iz'u 2- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 3- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 4- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½ % Hkk”kkfoKkukoj
16 xq.k
iz'u 5- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½ % O;kdj.kkoj
16 xq.k
iz'u 6- fVik ¼rhu iSdh nksu½ ¼nksu Hkk”kkfoKkukoj o ,d O;kdj.kkoj 16 xq.k
vlkoh-½
• ewyHkwr okpu
1- ejkBh Hkk”kk% mn~xe vkf.k fodkl % d` - ika- dqyd.khZ
2- lqcks/k Hkk”kk’kkL= % MkW- iz- u- tks’kh
3- Hkk”kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk”kk % MkW- vfuy xoGh ¼lq/kkfjr f}rh; vko`Rrh½
4- Hkk”kkfoKku ifjp; % MkW- lqy{k.kk dqyd.khZ] MkW- olar dqcsj
5- ‘kkL=h; ejkBh O;kdj.k % eks- ds- nkeys
6- ejkBh O;kdj.k ifjp; % MkW- jkt’ks[kj fgjseB
• iwjd okpu
1- vk/kqfud Hkk”kkfoKku % fl/nkar vkf.k mi;kstu % fefyan eky’ks
2- ejkBhpk Hkkf”kd vH;kl % laik- eq- Jh- dkuMs
3- /ofufopkj % uk- xks- dkysydj
4- Hkk”kkfoKku%o.kZUkkRed vkf.k ,sfrgkfld % laiknd % eky’ks] bukenkj] lkse.k
5- Hkk”kk vkf.k Hkk”kk’kkL= % Jh- u- xtsna zxMdj
6- vfHkuo Hkk”kkfoKku % MkW- xa- uk- tksxGsdj
• lanHkZ
nHkZ xzFa k
1- o.kZukRed Hkk”kkfoKku % Lo#i vkf.k i/nrh % dY;k.k dkGs] vatyh lkse.k
2- Hkk”kk vkf.k laLd`rh % uk- xks- dkysydj
3- Hkk”kk % bfrgkl vkf.k Hkwxksy % uk- xks- dkysydj
4- ejkBh Hkk”kk % ok< vkf.k fc?kkM % Jh- ds- {khjlkxj
5- ‘kq/nys[ku foosd % MkW- n- u- xks[kys
6- lqxe ejkBh O;kdj.k & ys[ku % eks- jk- okGacs
7- ejkBhps o.kZukRed Hkk”kkfoKku % MkW- egsna z dne
89-
Hockett C. F. : A Course in Modern Linguistics
Brower Reuben(Ed). On Translation ( ;k xzFa kkrhy ‘on linguistic Aspects of
Translation gk Roman Jakobson pk ys[k )
10-- Labov William : The Social Motivation of a Sound Change
10
vH;klif=dk dzekad 6
7
ejkBh okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl ¼izkajHk rs bb- ll- 1800½
• mfn~n”Vs
1- e/;;qxhu ejkBh okM~%e; ijaijkapk o bfrgklkpk ifjp; d#u ns.ks
2- ;k dky[kaMkrhy okM~%e; jpuk izdkjkapk ifjp; d#u ns.ks3- ;k dky[kaMkrhy okM~%e; fufeZrhP;k iszj.kkapk ifjp; d#u ns.ks4- ;k dky[kaMkrhy okM~%e;kP;k lkaLd`frd ik’oZHkwehpk myxMk dj.ks5- ;k dky[kaMkrhy izeq[k laiznk; o xzFa kfufeZrh ;kapk vuqc/a k Li”V dj.ks6- ;k dkGkrhy ejkBh Hkk”ksps Lo#i Li”V dj.ksvH;kldze %
?kVd % 1 vk| doh eqdaqnjkt% foosdfla/kq] ijeke`r o ioufot;
egkuqHkko laiznk; & LFkwy ifjp; & vkpkj/keZ o rRRoKku & egkuqHkkokaps x| okM~%e; &
yhGkpfj=] JhxksfoanizHkwpfj=] n`”VkarikB] lw=ikB] ewfrZizdk’k] Le`frLFkG?kVd % 2 vk| dof;=h& egnack&/koGs] egkuqHkkoh;kaps i| okM~%e; ¼lkrh xzFa k½ #fDe.kh Lo;aoj]
f’k’kqikyo/k] m/noxhrk] oNkgj.k] Kkuizcks/k] lg;knzho.kZu] Jh_f/niwjo.kZu?kVd % 3 okjdjh laiznk; & LFkwy ifjp; & okjdjh laiznk;krhy egRRokps lardoh R;kaps lkfgR; &
v½ Kkunso c½ukenso d½laresG;krhy brj doh&xksjk dqHa kkj] lkork ekGh] pks[kkesGk] lsuk
egkjkt]eqDrkckbZ o tukckbZ?kVd % 4 lar ,dukFk o lar rqdkjke ;kaps lexz lkfgR;] rqdkjke f’k”;k cfg.kkckbZ
?kVd % 5 leFkZ laiznk;&LFkwy ifjp;] leFkZ jkenkl ;kaph xzFa kjpuk& brj /kfeZ;kauh dsyy
s h ejkBh Hkk”ksph
lkfgR; lsok& 1- Qknj fLVQUl 2- Qknj dzqvk 3- ‘ks[k egaen 4- gqlsu vacj[kku?kVd % 6 iafMr doh & iafMrh dkO;kps fo’ks”k
1-eqDrs’oj 2- okeu iafMr 3- j?kqukFk iafMr 4-Jh/kj 5- fujatu ek/ko 6- eksjksiar
?kVd % 7 ‘kkfgjh dkO;&Lo#i&iksokMk o yko.kh ;k dkO;izdkjkapk ifjp;&iq<hy ‘kkfgjkaP;k okM~%e;
lsops k ifjp; & 1- vuar Qanh 2- ij’kjke 3- jketks’kh 4- izHkkdj 5- lxuHkkÅ 6- gksukth ckGk?kVd % 8 c[kj okM~%e; & c[kj&Lo#i o oxhZdj.k
v½f’koiwoZdkyhu c[kjh
1-efgdkorhph c[kj 2 jk{klrkxMhph c[kj 3- ‘kkfyokgukph c[kj
c½f’kodkyhu c[kjh
1-lHkklnkph c[kj 2- f’kofnfXot; 3- f’kokth izrki 4- f’koN=irhaps lIrizdj.kkRed pfj=
d½ is’kosdkyhu c[kjh
1-ikf.kirph c[kj 2- HkkÅlkgsckph c[kj 3- Jh ‘kkgw egkjkt ;kaph c[kj
M½ vkKki=
Vhi% izR;sd ?kVdklkBh 15 rkfldk vlrhy
• iz'uif=dsps Lo#i o xq.kfoHkkx.kh
8
iz'u 1- oLrqfu”B iz’u
v½ ;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
4 xq.k
c½ pwd dh cjkscj rs fygk-
4 xq.k
d½ xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; ‘kCn Hkjk
4 xq.k
M½ tksM;k tqGok ¼^v^ xVkr 4] ^c^ xVkr 5 ½
4 xq.k
b½ ,dk okD;kr mRrjs fygk-
4 xq.k
iz'u 2- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 3- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 4- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
iz'u 5- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
iz'u 6- fVik ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
¼lwpuk % egkuqHkkoh; okM~%e;] Kkus’oj] ukenso] ,dukFk] rqdkjke]
jkenkl] eqDrs’oj] eksjksiar & ;k foHkkxkaoj nh?kksZRrjh iz’u vlkosr-½
• ewyHkwr okpu
1- ejkBh okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl [kaM & 1 rs 3% egkjk”Vª lkfgR; ifj”kn izdk’ku] iq.ks
2- izkphu ejkBh okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl & [kaM 1 rs 4 % MkW- v- uk- ns’kikaMs
3- izkphu ejkBh okM~%e;kps Lo#i % g- Jh- ‘ks.kksyhdj
4- izkphu ejkBh okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl % y- jk- ufljkckndj ¼vkBoh vko`Rrh] QMds izdk’ku½
5- izkphu ejkBh okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl & [kaM 1 o 2 & y- jk- ikaxkjdj
6- lar iar vkf.k rar & Jh- e- ekVs
• iwjd okpu
1- lar ,dukFk n’kZu & laiknd MkW- gs- fo- bukenkj
2- ikp HkfDrlaiznk; & j- jk- xkslkoh
3- lar okM~%e;kph lkekftd QyJqrh & xa- ck- ljnkj
4- ejkBh c[kj & j- fo- gsjokMdj
5- egkjk”Vªh; lareaMGkps ,sfrgkfld dk;Z & ck- ja- laqB.kdj
6- Kkunso vkf.k ukenso & ‘ka- nk- isMa ls
• lanHkZ xzFa k
1- e&gkVh yko.kh & laiknd e- ok- /kksMa
2- Jh jkenkl % okM~%e; vkf.k dk;Z & u- j- QkVd
3- lokZReHkkoh rqdkjke & MkW- vfuy xoGh
4- ejkBh ‘kkfgjh okM~%e; & e- uk- lgL=cq/ns
5- izkphu ejkBh iafMrh dkO; & laiknd ds- uk- okVos
6- Jh ukenso n’kZu & laiknd fejtdj fu- /kks-a
7- lar ukenso & MkW- gs- fo- bukenkj
8- Ikkp lardoh & ‘ka- xks- rqGiqGs
9- Okkjdjh laiznk; % mn; o fodkl & cfgjV Hkk- ia10- lar lkfgR; vkf.k va/kJ/nk fueZy
w u & laiknd jk- rq- Hkxr
11- Jh Kkunsokaps v/;kRefparu vkf.k vk/kqfud foKku & izkpk;Z xksikGjko e;sdj
12- lar lkfgR; lanHkZ dks’k & eq- Jh- dkuMs
9
131415161718-
ejkBh lkfgR;kps vkfnca/k & m”kk ns’keq[k
izkphu ejkBh okM~%e;kpk foospd bfrgkl & [kaM 1 iz- u- tks’kh
ejkBh dkO;krhy f’konSor n’kZu & MkW- f’ko’kadj mikls
usV&lsV iz’ukafdr ejkBh okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl & MkW- fo’okl ikVhy
lar cfg.kkckbZpa h vHkaxok.kh & laiknd izk- HkSjo dqHa kkj] MkW- vfuy xoGh
ejkBh ‘kkfgjh iksokMk & MkW- fo’oukFk f’kans
vH;klif=dk dzekad 7
ejkBh Hkk”kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
• mfn~n”Vs
1- vkSipkfjd vkf.k vukSipkfjd {ks=kuqlkjpk Hkkf”kd O;ogkj letkowu ns.ks] Hkk”ksps nSufa nu
thoukrhy egRRo letkowu ns.ks2- fofo/k {ks=krhy Hkkf”kd dkS’kY;s vkf.k {kerk fodflr dj.ks3- ys[ku] okpu] Hkk”k.k] vkdyu] ijh{k.k ;k dkS’kYU;kapk fodkl dj.ks
4- Hkkf”kd mi;kstukus fo|kF;kZapk ‘kCnlaxzg le`/n dj.ks
5- O;ogkjksi;ksxh o ltZu’khy ys[kukl fo|kF;kZua k m|qDr dj.ks6- o`Rri=] uHkkso.kh] nwjfp=ok.kh ;k ek/;ekarhy ejkBhP;k okijkpk ifjp;] Lo#i vkf.k egRRo
lkax.ks7- eqyk[kr] laiknu] xzFa kijh{k.k] i=ys[ku] ifjp;i=ys[ku] dk;Zdzeif=dk v’kk fofo/k Hkkf”kd
vkd`frca/kkapk ifjp; ?kMfo.ks] R;krhy ys[ku dkS’kY;s vkRelkr dj.ks8- ejkBhP;k fo|kF;kZpa k O;fDreRRo fodkl ?kMfo.ks9- tulaidZ dkS’kY;kph vko’;drk o ra=s letkowu ns.ks• vH;kldze %
1- Hkkf”kd mi;kstukph {ks=s
1- lkfgR;
2- izlkjek/;es ¼o`Rri=] vkdk’kok.kh] nwjfp=ok.kh½
3- iz’kklu
2- vkdk’kok.khlkBh ys[ku
mn~?kks”kd] mn~?kks”k.kk] ckrehys[ku] tkfgjkrys[ku] Jqfrdkys[ku
3- nwjfp=ok.khlkBh ys[ku
laoknd] ckrehys[ku] tkfgjkrys[ku] egkppkZ@laokn
4- ifjp;i= & i=ys[ku] o`Rr Hkka”kkrj ¼ baxzthrwu ejkBhr ½
ifj;pi= (Bio-Data), dk;Zdzeif=dk] fuea=.ki=] ‘kqHksPNki=] fouarhi=] rdzkji=
5- Lejf.kdk laiknu vkf.k xzFa kijh{k.k
1- Lejf.kdsps Lo#i] laikndkps dk;Z] eqnz.kizr
2- xzFa kijh{k.kkps Lo#i&oSf’k”V;s
6- eqyk[kr ys[ku
eqyk[krdkjkph r;kjh] eqyk[krys[kukph ra=]s eqyk[krhps fofo/k ek/;ekauqlkj cny.kkjs Lo#i]
dykoar&[ksGkMw&fo|kFkhZ&’ksrdjh&dkexkj ;kaP;k eqyk[krhps mi;kstu&uequs
7- ltZu’khy ys[ku % Lo#i vkf.k fo’ks”k
¼y?kqdFkk o yfyrys[k ;kaps ltZu½
8- O;fDreRRo fodkl vkf.k iz’kklfud dkS’kY;s1- ejkBhP;k fo|kF;kZpa s O;fDreRRo ¼lkfgR;@O;kolkf;d {ks=k’kh lacaf/kr½
10
2- Hkk”k.k dkS’kY; (Skill of Speaking) ¼euksxr&er O;Dr dj.ks] lw=lapkyu dj.ks]
vkHkkj eku.ks b-½
3- okpu dkS’kY; (Skill of Reading)
¼mPpkj] 'kCncks/k] pqdhps okpu] izdVokpu] ewdokpu½
4- ys[ku dkS’kY;(Skill of writing)¼’kCnfuoM] okD;jpuk] ‘kCndze] ‘kCnkadu] lqy[s ku o
Jqrys[ku½
5- dkekps fu;kstu (Event Management)
6- osGps s fu;kstu (Time Management)
7- f’k”Vkpkj (Manners) iks’kk[k] dkxni=kaps fu;kstu] Kku] uksdjhlkBhP;k eqyk[krhph
iwoZr;kjh b8- dk;kZy;hu iz’kklu % vkod&tkod uksna ogh] ifji=d okpukps dkS’kY;] dk;kZy; varxZr
fVIi.khys[ku] fu.kZ; izfdz;k (Decision Making), bfro`Rr ys[ku] lHksph lwpuk] fo”k;if=dk
Vhi % izR;sd ?kVdklkBh 15 rkfldk vlrhy
• iz'uif=dsps Lo#i o xq.kfoHkkx.kh
iz'u 1- oLrqfu”B iz’u
v½ ;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
4 xq.k
c½ pwd dh cjkscj rs fygk-
4 xq.k
d½ xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; ‘kCn Hkjk
4 xq.k
M½ tksM;k tqGok ¼^v^ xVkr 4] ^c^ xVkr 5 ½
4 xq.k
b½ ,dk okD;kr mRrjs fygk-
4 xq.k
iz'u 2- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 3- varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 4- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
iz'u 5- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
iz'u 6- fVik ¼rhu iSdh nksu½
16 xq.k
¼lwpuk % iz’u dzekad 4 vkf.k 5 ltZu vkf.k mi;kstu ;k Lo#ikps
vlkosr-
y?kqdFkk] yfyrys[k] vkdk’kok.khojhy
ckreh
o
tkfgjkrys[ku] nwjfp=ok.khojhy ckreh o tkfgjkrys[ku rlsp
ifjp;i=&i=ys[ku] o`Rr Hkk”kkarj ¼izdj.k 5 os½ vkf.k eqyk[kr
ys[ku ¼izdj.k 7 os½ ;k ?kVdkaoj lnjps iz’u vlkosr-½
• ewyHkwr okpu
1- O;kogkfjd ejkBh % MkW- y- jk- ufljkckndj ¼QMds izdk’ku] vkBoh vko`Rrh½
2- O;kogkfjd ejkBh % MkW- l;kthjko eksdk’kh] jatuk usekMs
3- O;kogkfjd ejkBh % laiknd MkW- Lusgy rkojs
4- l`tukRed ys[ku % MkW- vkuan ikVhy ¼in~exa/kk] iq.ks½
11
5- uHkksok.kh vkf.k nwjfp=ok.kh % izlkn uketks’kh ¼fVGd egkjk”Vª fo|kihB] iq.ks½
6- laokn’kkL= % MkW- Jhikn tks’kh ¼laHko] ukxiwj½
7- lkfgR;kph fufeZfrizfdz;k % MkW- vkuan ;kno
8- tkfgjkrhpa tx % ;’kksnk Hkkxor ¼ekSt½
9- ;’k rqeP;k gkrkr % f’ko [ksjk ¼eWdfeyu] iq.ks½
10- ek.kla d’kh tksMkoh\ % f’kojkt xksysZ ¼jktgal½
• iwjd okpu
1- Hkkf”kd ltZu’khyrk % Lo#i vkf.k izdkj
2- v/;;uklkBh laokndkS’kY;s
3- n`d&JkO; ek/;ekalkBh ys[ku
4- okpu vkf.k ys[ku dkS’kY;s
5- Jo.k vkf.k laHkk”k.k dkS’kY;s
¼iqLrds 1 rs 5 ;- p- e- eqDr fo|kihB] ukf’kd ;kaph izdk’kus½
6- Lakiknu % vjfoan xks[kys
7- okrkZtxr % ,l- ds- dqyd.khZ
¼iqLrds 6 rs 7 fVGd egkjk”Vª fo|kihB] iq.ks ;kaph izdk’kus½
8- o`Rrfo|k % l- g- ns’kikaMs
9- ek/;e fp=ok.kh % vkdk’kkuan ¼xzFa k?kj] dqykZ] eqca bZ½
10- vkdk’kok.kh % fo’odekZ jkefcgkjh ¼lwpuk izlkj.k ea=ky;½
11- uHkksok.kh dk;Zdze & ra= vkf.k ea= % iq”ik dk.ks ¼bafM;k cqd daiuh] iq.ks½
12- eqyk[krh lkfgfR;dkaP;k % HkkLdj uanuokj
13- xIik ngk lkfgfR;dak’kh % t;oar nGoh
14- lkfgR;laokn % fo- ‘ka- pkS?kqys ¼izfrek] iq.ks½
15- laokn % laiknd] v#.k ‘ksors ¼eqGk ,T;qd’s ku lkslk;Vh] lksubZ½
16- lqlaokn % Lor%’kh o brjka’kh % Jhikn tks’kh
17- ejkBh ukV;ys[kura=kph okVpky % johanz dqyd.khZ
18- nsgcksyh % vatyh isaMls ¼uhydaB] iq.ks½
19- izHkkoh Hkk”k.kdyk % johanz nslkbZ ¼izQqYyrk] iq.ks½
20- ‘kklu O;ogkjkr ejkBh % Hkk”kk lapkyuky;] egkjk”Vª jkT;
21- iz'kklfud Hkk”kk % Hkk”kk lapkyuky;] egkjk”Vª jkT;
22- lkfgR;kph Hkk”kk % Hkkypanz usekMs ¼lkdsr½
23- e/;ek % v’kksd dsGdj ¼esgrk½
24- oS[kjh % Hkk”kk vkf.k Hkk”kk O;ogkj % v’kksd dsGdj ¼eWtfs LVd½
25- Hkk”kk % Lo#i] lkeF;Z o lkSan;Z % ok- ds- ysys ¼jktgal] iq.ks½
• lanHkZ xzFa k
1- Hkk”kk % var%lw= vkf.k O;ogkj ¼laiknd½ eq- x- ikuls ¼elki izdk’ku] iq.ks ;krhy
‘kkluO;ogkjkph Hkk”kk gk x- iz- iz/kku ;kapk ys[k ikgk-½
2- Hkk”kk % ekr`Hkk”kk vkf.k ijHkk”kk % jk- lks- ljkQ
3- Hkk”kkO;ogkj vkf.k Hkk”kkf’k{k.k % MkW- lqjnas z xzkeksik/;s ¼ekSt½
4- ejkBhps f’k{k.k % olar nkorj
5- csyHkk”kk % lqeu csyoydj
6- cksyw ,sls cksy % yhykorh Hkkxor
7- Hka;dj laqnj ejkBh Hkk”kk % n- fn- iqMa s ¼eWtfs LVd½
8- ‘kCnkuqc/a k % ‘kadj l[kkjke ¼eWtsfLVd½
9- fde;k % ek/ko vkpoy ¼ekSt½
10- lax.kd ;qx % vP;qr xksMcksys ¼ekSt½
11- cksydk dWesjk % ;’kksnk Hkkxor ¼ekSt½
12- O;kogkfjd ejkBh fo’ks”kkad % uoHkkjr & 1982
12
1314151617181920-
ejkBh ys[ku & dks’k % v#.k QMds ¼<oGs] eqca bZ½
jktgal O;kogkfjd ‘kCnkFkZ dks’k % eks- fo- HkkVoMsdj ¼jktgal½
i;kZ; ‘kCndks’k % fo- ‘ka- Bdkj ¼esgrk½
egkursP;k fn’ksus % jkWchu ‘kekZ
lsdna % fot;k ikVhy ¼eqDrk ifCyflax gkÅl] dksYgkiwj½
osyh vkf.k Qqys % MkW- th- ih- ekGh
xzFa kos/k % ‘kadj lkjMk
ek/;eos/k % laiknd lat; laxobZ
• ejkBh fo|kF;kZpa s O;fDreRRo % lkfgR;&O;kolkf;d
lkfgR;&O;kolkf;d {ks=k’kh lacfa /kr@,d fVi.k
ejkBhP;k fo|kF;kZpa s O;fDreRRo dls vlkos ;kckcr vusd ers vlw ‘kdrhy- ek= vktP;k dkWiksZjVs
txkr vkf.k xfreku rlsp Li/ksZP;k dkGkr ejkBhP;k fo|kF;kZua s vkiY;k O;fDreRRokdMs vf/kd y{k
|ko;kl gos- dls cksykos] dls fygkos] okpkos dls] ,sdkos dls ;k xks”Vh vR;ar egRRokP;k vkgsrlaHkk”k.kpkrq;Z ys[kudkS’kY;s] fof’k”V okpu vkf.k Jo.k dkS’kY; ;kckcr R;kus tkx#d vlko;kl gosvkiY;kis{kk vuqHkoh o T;s”a B pkj O;Drha’kh cksyrkuk] R;kaP;kleksj mHks jkgrkuk O;fDreRRokps loZ fo’ks”k
R;kyk vkRelkr djrk ;kosr- vkiys er R;kus dehr deh ‘kCnkr i.k mRre Hkk”ksr vkf.k
Bklwu&fopkjiwoZd ekaMys ikfgts- gYyh lafeJ Hkk”kkO;ogkjkpk dkG vkyk vkgs- v’kk osGh ejkBhP;k
fo|kF;kZua gs h ekxs jkgrk dkek u;s- ejkBh Hkk”ksph vfLerk o txk’kh O;ogkj lk/k.kkjh Hkk”kk Eg.kwu baxzth
Hkk”kk ;kaph vkjk/kuk R;kus djko;kl goh- ekuoh ewY;s vkf.k O;fDreRRokph lkaxM egRRokph vkgs- Hkkjrkr
vusd Hkk”kk vlY;kus fofo/k Hkk”kkarhy vuqokfnr okM~%e;kpk R;kus vkLokn ?;ko;kl gok- rlsp Li/ksZP;k ;k
;qxkr R;kP;kdMs vl.kkjh fu.kZ;{kerkgh frrdhp egRRokph vkgs- R;kp tksMhyk dls okxkos] dls fnlkos
;k iz’ukaph mRrjs |ko;kph >kY;kl iks’kk[k] isgjko ¼eWulZ½ ;kaukgh egRRo vkysp- cWd
a ] iksLV] fofo/k]
‘kkldh; dk;kZy;s] izlkjek/;es ;kaps O;ogkj dj.;kl rks l{ke vlyk ikfgts- rks cgqJqr rj vlkokpjktdh;] vkfFkZd] /kkfeZd] lkaLd`frd] dzhMk&dyk] v’kk tkxfrd Lrjkoj dksBs dk; pkyys vkgs] R;kps
ifj.kke o fn’kk ;kps R;kl vkdyu gos- v.kqdjkj] ls>] egkLQksViz;ksx] vejukFk tkxk izdj.k] vkWfyafid
[ksG] cgqjk”Vªh; daiU;k v’kk fofo/k xks”Vhaph R;kyk iDdh tk.k vlkoh- ejkBh fo|kFkhZ Eg.kts dsoG
dFkk&dknacjh ;kr je.kkjk vkf.k O;kdj.kkr gq’kkjh gjowu clysyk fo|kFkhZ vls Eg.k.;kps fnol vkrk
laiys! vkrk rks lkfgR; {ks=krhy o dkWiksZjVs txkrhy laiUu] le`/n fo|kFkhZ cuow ;k-
13
vH;klif=dk
vH;klif=dk dzekad 8
ejkBh lkfgR;krhy fofo/k izokgkaps v/;;u
• mfn~n”Vs
1- ejkBh lkfgR;krhy fofo/k izokgkapk ifjp; d#u ns.ks2- lkfgR;izokgkaP;k mn;kekxhy dkj.kehekalk letkowu ns.ks3- fofo/k lkfgR;izokgkacn~nyph tk.k o vfHk#ph ok<fo.ks4- xzkeh.k] nfyr o L=hoknh lkfgR;izokgkaph iszj.kk] Lo#i vkf.k fodkl letkowu ns.ks5- xzkeh.k lkfgR;d`rhe/khy thou & tkf.kok letkowu ns.ks6- nfyr lkfgR;d`rhe/khy thou & tkf.kok letkowu ns.ks7- L=hoknh lkfgR;d`rhe/khy thou & tkf.kok letkowu ns.ksvH;kldze
123-
%
xzkeh.k lkfgR; % izsj.kk] Lo#i vkf.k fodkl
nfyr lkfgR; % izsj.kk] Lo#i vkf.k fodkl
L=hoknh lkfgR; % iszj.kk] Lo#i vkf.k fodkl
ikB~;iqLrds %
1- bMk fiMk VGks & vklkjke ykseVs] ns’keq[k vkf.k daiuh] iq.ks2- ckeuokMk & jkeukFk pOgk.k] Jhfo|k izdk’ku] iq.ks @ uohu m|ksx] iq.ks
3- Hkweh & vk’kk cxs] ekSt izdk’ku] eaqcbZ• iz'uif=dsps Lo#i o xq.kfoHkkx.kh
iz'u 1- oLrqfu”B iz’u
v½ ;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
4 xq.k
c½ pwd dh cjkscj rs fygk-
4 xq.k
d½ xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; ‘kCn Hkjk
4 xq.k
M½ tksM;k tqGok ¼^v^ xVkr 4] ^c^ xVkr 5 ½
4 xq.k
b½ ,dk okD;kr mRrjs fygk-
4 xq.k
iz'u 2- varxZr fodYiklg ^bMk fiMk VGks* ikB~;iqLrdkoj nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 3- varxZr fodYiklg ^ckeuokMk* ikB~;iqLrdkoj nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 4- varxZr fodYiklg ^Hkweh* ikB~;iqLrdkoj nh?kksZRrjh iz’u
16 xq.k
iz'u 5- y?kqRrjh iz’u ¼rhu iSdh nksu½ ¼xzkeh.k] nfyr vkf.k L=hoknh
16 xq.k
lkfgR;izokgkaoj½
iz'u 6- fVik ¼rhu iSdh nksu½ ¼useysY;k rhu ikB~;iqLrdkaoj½
¼lwpuk % oLrqfu”B iz’u gs useysY;k ikB~;iqLrdkaoj vlrhy-½
Vhi % v/;;uklkBh rkfldkps foHkktu [kkyhy izek.ks vlkos-
16 xq.k
14
xzkeh.k lkfgR; % izsj.kk] Lo#i vkf.k fodkl
bMk fiMk VGks % dFkkud] vk’k;lw=s
bMk fiMk VGks % O;fDrfp=.k] izlxa fp=.k o Hkk"kkfo'ks"k
nfyr lkfgR; % izsj.kk] Lo#i vkf.k fodkl
ckeuokMk
% dFkkud] vk’k;lw=s
ckeuokMk
% O;fDrfp=.k] izlxa fp=.k o Hkk"kkfo'ks"k
L=hoknh lkfgR; % iszj.kk] Lo#i vkf.k fodkl
Hkweh
% dFkkud
Hkweh
% vk’k;lw=s
Hkweh
% O;fDrfp=.k] izlxa fp=.k o Hkk"kkfo'ks"k
05
15
15
05
15
15
05
15
15
15
• ewyHkwr okpu
123•
bMk fiMk VGks % vklkjke ykseVs] ns’keq[k vkf.k daiuh] iq.ksckeuokMk % jkeukFk pOgk.k] Jhfo|k izdk’ku] iq.ks @ uohu m|ksx] iq.ks
Hkweh & vk’kk cxs] ekSt izdk’ku] eaqcbZiwjd okpu
1- xzkeh.k lkfgR; % Lo#i vkf.k ‘kks/k & ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] ¼esgrk½
2- xzkeh.k lkfgR; % jk- ja- cksjkMs ¼lkdsr½
3- xzkeh.k lkfgR; % ,d fparu &n- rk- Hkkslys] ¼esgrk½
4- xzkeh.k lkfgR; % Lo#i vkf.k leL;k & vkuan ;kno] ¼esgrk½
5- xzkeh.k dFkk % Lo#i vkf.k fopkj & oklqnso eqykVs
6- 1960 uarjph lkekftd fLFkrh vkf.k lkfgR;krhy uos izokg & vkuan ;kno] ¼esgrk½
7- nfyr lkfgR;kP;k fufeRrkus % lnk d&gkMs] ¼vfHkuo eaqcbZ½
8- nfyr pGoG % ,d vkdyu % ckGd`”.k doBsdj] ¼vtc ½
9- nfyr pGoG vkf.k lkfgR; % d`”.kk fdjoys] ¼izfrek ½
10- nfyr ukVd % iszj.kk vkf.k fodkl % ‘kSy’s k f=Hkqou11- nfyr jaxHkweh vkf.k ukVd % ccu HkkX;oar] ¼fpUe;] vkSjxkackn½
12- nfyr dFkklkfgR; % izdk’k dqHa kkj ¼fiz;n’khZ] dksYgkiwj½
13- xsY;k v/kZ’krdkrhy ejkBh dknacjh % laik- foykl [kksys
14- L=hoknh leh{kk % ladYiuk o mi;kstu % laik- eaxyk oj[ksMs ¼ dk-l-ok.kh e-iz-v-laLFkk] /kqGs ½
15- L=heqDrh pGoG vkf.k o`Rri=kapk lgHkkx % eaxy f[kaoljk ¼ Lo:i] vkSjxa kckn ½
16- Leh{ksrhy uO;k ladYiuk % laik- MkW-euksgj tk/ko ¼ Lo:i] vkSjxa kckn ½
• lanHkZ xzFa k
1- xzkeh.k lkfgR; % Lo#i vkf.k okLro % vkuan ;kno ¼esgrk½
2- xzkeh.k lkfgR; % Lo#i vkf.k laLd`rh % eksgu ikVhy ¼Lo#i] vkSjxkackn½
3- nfyr lkfgR; % vktps dzkfa rfoKku % ckcqjko ckxwy
4- fuGh igkV % jk- x- tk/ko] ¼Jhfo|k½
5- nfyr lkfgR; % osnuk vkf.k fonzkgs % Hkkypanz QMds
6- nfyr lkfgR; % Lo#i o Hkwfedk % okeu fuackGdj ¼izcks/ku] ukxiwj½
7- fn] lsadM lsDl % flekWu n cksOgk
8- L=hoknh fopkj vkf.k leh{kspk ekxksok % MkW- ‘kksHkk ikVhy ¼Lusgo/kZu½
9- Hkkjrh; lanHkkZruw L=hokn % L=hoknh leh{kk vkf.k mi;kstu % MkW- ‘kksHkk ukbZd ¼yksdokM~e;½
10- ejkBh jaxHkweh vkf.k ukVd % MkW- fo’oukFk f’kans] fgaek’kw LekrZ
11- L=hoknh leh{kk % Lo#i vkf.k mi;kstu % MkW- vf'ouh /kksaMxs] fnyhijkt izdk’ku iq.ks-
15
B.A.III Marathi Special Equivalences of the revised syllabus introduced
from June 2009 onwards
Sr No
Sr No Old Syllabus
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 4 & dkO;’kkL= 1
1
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 5 & Hkk”kkfoKku 2
2
3
4
5
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 6 & ejkBh
3
okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl ¼ b-l- 1101 rs bl- 1800½
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 7 & ejkBh
4
Hkk”kk% mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu e/;;qxhu
ejkBh lkfgR;krhy fofo/k izokg
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 8 & ejkBh
5
lkfgR;krhy fofo/k izokgkaps v/;;u
New Syllabus
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 4 & dkO;’kkL=
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 5 & Hkk”kkfoKku
vkf.k ejkBh Hkk”kk
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 6 & ejkBh
okM~%e;kpk bfrgkl ¼izkjaHk rs b-l1800½ b-l- 1101
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 7 & ejkBh
Hkk”kk% mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
vH;klif=dk dzekad% 8 & ejkBh
lkfgR;krhy fofo/k izokgkaps v/;;u