1
f”kokth fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj
,e,e-,- ejkBh ¼lq/kkfjr½ vH;kldze
vH;klif=dkaph :ijs’kk
,e,e-,- Hkkx 1
vH;kl o’kZ % twu 2010 iklwu vaeykr
vko”;d vH;klif=dk %
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 1 lkfgR;fopkj] leh{kk vkf.k lkSna ;Z”kkL=
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 2 ,dk ys[kdkpk vH;kl % e/;;qxhu % rqdkjke
fdaok
vokZphu % Hkkypanz usekMs
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 3 ejkBh ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl % b-l 1800 rs 1980
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk %
egÙokph lwpuk % çFke o’kkZlkBh fuoMysyk ,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk xV
gk f}rh; o’kkZlkBh vfuok;Z jkghyjkghy,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad % 4 ¼rhu iSdh ,d½
v- ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
c- ejkBh ok³~e;hu pGoGhapk vH;kl
d- yksdlkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh yksdlkfgR;
,e,e-,- Hkkx 2
vH;kl o’kZ % twu 2011 iklwu vaeykr
vko”;d vH;klif=dk %
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 5 vk/kqfud Hkk’kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk’kk
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 6 ,dk ok³~e; izdkjkpk vH;kl % dknacjh
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 7 e/;;qxhu ejkBh ok³~e; % x| vkf.k i|
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk %
egÙokph lwpuk % çFke o’kkZlkBh fuoMysyk ,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk xV
gk f}rh; o’kkZlkBh vfuok;Z jkghyjkghy,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad % 8 ¼rhu iSdh ,d½
v- ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
c- ejkBh oSpkfjd ok³~e;
d- yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k foKku lkfgR;
2
f”kokth fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj
,e,e-,- ejkBh ¼lq/kkfjr½ vH;kldze
vH;klif=dkaph :ijs’kk
,e,e-,- Hkkx 1
vH;kl o’kZ % twu 2010 iklwu vaeykr
vko”;d vH;klif=dk %
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 1 lkfgR;fopkj] leh{kk vkf.k lkSna ;Z”kkL=
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 2 ,dk ys[kdkpk vH;kl % e/;;qxhu % rqdkjke
fdaok
% vokZphu % Hkkypanz usekMs
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 3 ejkBh okM%e;kpk bfrgkl % b-l 1800 rs 1980
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk %
egÙokph lwpuk % çFke o’kkZlkBh fuoMysyk ,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk xV
gk f}rh; o’kkZlkBh vfuok;Z jkghyjkghy,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad % 4 ¼rhu iSdh ,d½
v- ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
c- ejkBh ok³~e;hu pGoGhapk vH;kl
d- yksdlkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh yksdlkfgR;
,e,e-,- Hkkx 1
vH;klif=dk Øeka
Øekad 1
lkfgR;fopkj] leh{kk vkf.k lkSna ;Z”kkL= %
mfn~n’Vs %
?kVd 1-
?kVd 2-
12-
lkfgR;kps Lo:i o lkfgR;krhy laiznk;kps vkdyu d:u ?ks.kslkfgR; leh{ksps Lo:i o vk/kqfud leh{kk fl)karkpk ifjp; d:u
?ks.ks3- useysY;k dykÑrharhy lkekftdrk vH;kl.ks4- useysY;k dykÑrhapk rkSyfud vH;kl dj.ks5- ok³~e;hu ewY;s vkf.k thouewY;s ;kapk ifjp; d:u ?ks.ks6- ik”pkÙ; lkSna ;Z”kkL= o ejkBh lkSna ;Z”kkL=kps vkdyu d:u ?ks.kslkfgÙ;kps Lo:i
^lkfgR;* “kCnkpk vFkZ] lkfgR;krhy HkkorÙo] cq)hrÙo] dYiukrÙo] vkdkjrÙo]
lkSna ;ZrÙo] lkfgÙ;kps Lo:i % ikSokZÙ; o ikÜpkÙ; fopkj] lkfgR;krhy vuqHkokaps
fo”ks’k] yfyr lkfgR;krhy vkRekfo’dkj] yfyr lkfgR;kph oSf”k’V;s] lkfgR;krhy
thouHkk’;] yfyr lkfgR;kps lkeF;Z] yfyr lkfgR;kph Hkk’kklkfgR;krhy laçnk;
v½vfHktkrokn c½lkSna ;Zokn d½okLrookn M½vfLrRookn
3
?kVd 3- lkfgR; leh{ksps Lo:i vkf.k mfn~n’Vs
leh{kk Eg.kts dk; \ leh{kk Lo:i o mfn~n’Vs % vH;kldkaph ers]
leh{ksP;k fofo/k i)rhapk vk<kok
mfn~n’Vs % jlxzg.k & xq.k&nks’k n”kZu & ys[kd] okpdkyk ekxZn”kZu &
ewY;ekiukph n`’Vh ns.ks & thou”kks/k ?ks.ks & ys[kd] okpd nqok cu.ks & vfHk:ph
lao/kZu leh{kk vkf.k yfyr ok³~e; laca/k] leh{kk “kkL= dh dyk\
vkn”kZ leh{kdkps xq.kfo”ks’k
?kVd 4- vk/kqfud leh{kk fl)kUr
1- olkgrokn o mÙkj olkgrokn
2- okpdokn vkf.k vFkZfu.kZ;u
?kVd 5- lkfgR;leh{ksP;k i)rh vkf.k R;kaps mi;kstu
v½ lekt”kkL=h; leh{kk i)rh
1- lun & ukjk;.k lqosZ
2- vki.k ek.klkr tek ukgh & jktu xol ¼esgrk izdk”ku] iq.ks½
c½ rkSyfud leh{kk i)rh
1- pØ & t;oar nGoh
2- LyWeMkWx feysfuvj & ¼D;w vW.M ,½ % fodkl Lo:i] vuqokn % oanuk v=s
¼esgrk izdk”ku] iq.ks½
?kVd 6ok³~e;hu ewY;s] thou ewY;s vkf.k ok³~e;hu vfHk:ph
ewY; Eg.kts dk; \ jl] lR;ewY;] lkSna ;
a ZewY;] ra=ewY;] thou ewY;s &
lR;] f”ko] ekaxY;] vfgalk] lkStU;] ekuork] n;k] {kek] “kkarh] ijksidkj
ok³~e;hu ewY;s vkf.k thouewY;s % ijLij laca/k
ok³~e;hu vfHk:ph Eg.kts dk; \ vH;kldkaph ers % jk-Jh-tksx] jk-x- tk/ko]
Jh- ds- {khjlkxj] @ vfHk:phps çdkj] vfHk:phps ?kVd] vfHk:ph vkf.k
jfld
?kVd 7-
IkkÜpkÙ; lkSna ;Z”kkL= % dkaV o Øksps ;kapk lkSna ;Zfopkj
?kVd 8-
ejkBh lkSan;Z”kkL= % jk-Hkk- ikV.kdj] çHkkdj ik/;s ;kapk lkSan;Zfopkj
ewyHkwr okpu
1- lkfgR; vkf.k leh{kk
2- lkSna ;Z vkf.k lkfgR;
3- lkfgR;krhy laçnk;
4- lkfgR; fl)kaar ¼vuq-½
5- vk/kqfud leh{kk fl)kar
67-
lkfgR;kps lanHkZ
lkSna ;Zehekalk
89101112-
dkaVph lkSan;Zehekalk
Økspp
s s lkSna ;Z”kkL= % ,d Hkk’;
ikV.kdjkaph lkSna ;Zehekalk
lkSna ;kZuqHko
lkSna ;Zfopkj
ok-y- dqyd.khZ
ck-lh- e<sZdj
jk-“ka- okfGacs
l-xa- eky”ks
fefyan eky”ks] v”kksd tks”kh]
ekSt izdk”ku] eqca bZgfj”panz Fkksjkr] ekSt] eqca bZ- 2005
jk-Hkk- ikV.kdj] bLFksfVd lkslk;Vh] ekSt eaqcbZ]
1974
jk-Hkk- ikV.kdj] ekSt] eaqcbZ] 1977
jk-Hkk- ikV.kdj] çkK ikB”kkGk] okbZ 1974
çHkkdj ik/;s] uwru] iq.ks 1977
çHkkdj ik/;s] uwru] iq.ks 1979
jk-Hkk- ikV.kdj] eaqcbZ ejkBh lkfgR; la?k] eaqcbZ]
4
131415-
lkfgR;fopkj vkf.k lkSna ;Z”kkL=
ok³~e; ewY;s vkf.k thou ewY;s
lkfgR; vkf.k lekt
iwjd
123456-
okpu
leh{ksph uoh :is
rkSyfud lkfgR;kH;kl rÙos vkf.k fn”kk
fopkj lkSan;Z
l`’Vh] lkSna ;Z vkf.k lkfgR;ewY;
vczkge~.kh lkfgR;kps lkSan;Z”kkL=
lkfgR; leh{kk vkf.k laokn
lanHkZ xzFa k
1- ijaijk vkf.k uork
2- 1960 uarjph lkekftd fLFkrh vkf.k
lkfgR;krhy uos çokg
3- foæksgh dfork
4- çcks/kukrhy ikÅy[kq.kk
5- folkO;k “krdkrhy ejkBh leh{kk
6- leh{ksrhy uO;k ladYiuk
7- ejkBh dknacjh lekt”kkL=h; leh{kk
8- ok³~e;hu ço`Rrh vkf.k ize;
s s%
9- [kMd vkf.k ik.kh
10- lkfgR;kps Lo:i
1983
jk-Hkk- ikV.kdj] ekSt] eqacbZjk-x- tk/ko
laik-ukxukFk dksÙkkiYys] izfrek izdk”ku
xaxk/kj ikVhy
laik- paæ”ks[kj tgkfxjnkj
ok-e- tks”kh
“kjPpaæ eqfDrcks/k
“kjn ikVhy
johaæ Bkdwj
xks-fo- djanhdj
vkuan ;kno
ds”ko esJke
¼laik-½ fueZydqekj QMdqys
¼laik-½ foykl [kksy]s çfrek] iq.ks
¼laik-½euksgj tk/ko
johaæ Bkdwj
jk-x- tk/ko
xaxk/kj xkMxhG
¼laik-½ Lusgy rkojs] n-fn]iqM
a s
vH;klif=dk Øekad 2
,dk ys[kdkpk vH;kl %
e/;;qxhu % rqdkjke
mfn~’Vs %
12345-
rqdkjkekaP;k dforspk ifjp; ?kMfo.ks
rqdkjkekaP;k ok³~e;hu O;fDreÙokph vksG[k d:u ?ks.ks
rqdkjkekaP;k dforsrhy lkekftdrk] fparu”khyrk
HkfDr;ksxkph O;kIrh&fo”ks’k letkowu ?ks.ks
rqdkjkekaph Hkk’kk] vorj.k{kerk] vkokgu{kerk vkf.k çfrekl`’Vh ;kaps
fo”ks’k ikg.ks
rqdkjkedkyhu lekt]laLÑrhpk ifjp; d:u ?ks.ks-
useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrh
1- Jh rqdkjkeckokaP;k vHkaxkaph xkFkk % egkjk’Vª “kklu çdkf”kr
2- rqdkjken”kZu vFkkZr vHkaxok.kh çfl) rqd;kph % laiknd % xa-ck- ljnkj
5
vH;klØe
?kVd 1
rqdkjke % thoukys[k
• rqdkjkedkyhu lekt&laLÑrh
• lkalkfjd rqdkjke
• rqdkjkekaps ykSfdd thou
• rqdkjkekaps ikjekfFkZd thou ¼lk/kd &lk{kkRdkjh & fl)½
?kVd 2
rqdkjkekaph dfork
• dforsph çsj.kk o cyLFkkus
• dforsph O;kIrh o fofo/krk
• vuqHkofoÜo] dforsrhy vkokgu{kerk
?kVd 3
rqdkjkekaP;k dforsrhy çfrekl`’Vh
• çfrekl`’Vhps fo”ks’k
• çfrekl`’Vhph fofo/krk % çk.kh] [kk|inkFkZ] oL=çdkj] o`{kçdkj] foÜo]
O;olk;] Qqy&
s QGs] ukrhfo”ks’k] “kkjhfjd izfrekus] ikSjkf.kd izfrekus
bR;knh-
?kVd 4
rqdkjkekaP;k dforsph Hkk’kk
• laoknh & cksyHkk’kk] O;ogkjHkk’kk] fouksn&migkl
• vorj.k{kerk] vk”k;?kurk ] vFkZ?ku “kCn] lwpdrk
?kVd 5
rqdkjkekaP;k dforsrhy lkekftdrk
• lekteuLdrk] yksd/keZ] naHkLQksV] larxkSjo] dqVqca dFkk] va/kJ)k o {kwæ
nSors ;kojhy fVdk • lkalkfjdkauk mins”k
?kVd 6
rqdkjkekaph fparu”khyrk
•v}Srokn] lokZuqHkwrhHkko] ca/kqHkko] vfgalkokn] bgokn] yksdrÙos
?kVd 7
rqdkjkekapk HkfDr;ksx
• HkDr vkf.k vHkDr] nso&HkDr v}Sr] eks{kdYiuk]
• foB~By&uke& ia<jh&rqy”kh ekgkRE;
?kVd 8
rqdkjkekaps ok³~e;hu O;fDreÙo
• rqdkjke % doh] Hkk’;dkj] rÙofpard] ij[kM&caM[kksj
• dfoRo o O;fDreÙokph ,d:irk
• ok³~e;hu egÙkk
ewyHkwr okpu
1- lkFkZ rqdkjkekxkFkk] [kaM 1&2&3
2- rqdkjkeakps fuoMd “kaHkj vHkax
3- rqdkjke opuke`r
laiknd % ç- u- tks”kh] JhHkkjr cqd Msiks] eaqcbZ
laiknd Jh-e-fiaxs o xtey ekGh
jk- n- jkuMs] Oghul] iq.ks
6
iwjd
12345-
okpu
rqdkjke
lk{kkRdkjh lar rqdkjke
ikp lardfo
vkuankpk Mksg
rqdkjke
jk-x- g’kZ]s vkuan] iq.ks
MkW-“ka-nk- isM
a ls] dkWfUVusUVy] iq.ks
MkW-“ka-xks- rqGiqG]s lqfopkj] iq.ks
jk-x- tk/ko] dkWfUVusUVy] iq.ks
Hkkypanz usekMs] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn
lanHkZ xzFa k
1- ejkBh dfork % tquh vkf.k uoh
2- rqdkjkekaph çfrekul`’Vh o R;kaP;k
dkO;kRe”kDrhps ewY;ekiu
3- rqdkjkekaph çHkkoG
4- iqUgk rqdkjke
5- rqdkjke n”kZu
6- foæksgh rqdkjke
7- lokZReHkkoh rqdkjke
8- lexz rqdkjken”kZu
9- lektthoukrhy rqdkjke
10- rqdkjke xkFkk ¼fuoMd vHkax½
ok-y- dqyd.khZ] ikWI;qyj] eaqcbZ
MkW-ekyrh ikVhy] ukxiwj fo|kihB] izdk”ku
lqgkfluh gysZdj] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn
fnyhi fp=s] csyoydj daiuh] iq.ks
MkW-lnkuan eksj]s xkt] vgenuxj
MkW-vk-g- lkGq[a ks
MkW-vfuy xoGh] fgj.;ds”kh] dksYgkiwj
MkW-fd”kksj lkui] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn
MkW-rkukth jkÅ ikVhy] in~exa/kk] iq.kslaik- Hkkypanz usekMs] lkfgR; vdknseh
fdaok
vH;klif=dk Øekad 2
,dk ys[kdkpk
kdkpk vH;kl
vokZphu % Hkky
Hkkypanz usekMs
mfn~’Vs %
1- ,dk vokZphu ys[kdkpk lexz vH;kl dj.ks
2- ,dk ys[kdkpk vH;kl dlk djkok gs letkowu ?ks.ks3- ys[kdkps ok³~e;hu O;fDreÙo] ys[kd vkf.k R;kpk ledky tk.kwu ?ks.ks4- ledkyhu lkaLÑfrd o lkekftd i;kZoj.k letkowu ?ks.ks5- ,dk ys[kdkP;k fofo/k dykÑrhapk lexzi.ks vH;kl dj.ks
6- ,dk ys[kdkP;k lkfgR;fopkjkpk o leh{kspk vH;kl dj.ksuseysY;k lkfgR;Ñrh
• dknacjh % dkslyk] fc<kj] tjhyk] >wy] gwy
• dfork % ns[k.kh
• leh{kk % VhdkLo;aoj] lkfgR;kph Hkk’kk
vH;klØe
?kVd 1
^,dk ys[kdkpk vH;kl* vH;kli)rh fo’k;h
?kVd 2
Hkkypanz usekMsa ;kapk ledky
¼ledkyhu lkfgR;] lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd i;kZoj.k½
?kVd 3
Hkkypanz usekMsa ;kaps ok³~e;hu O;fDreÙo
?kVd 4
Hkkypanz usekMsa ;kaph dkancjh % dkslyk] fc<kj
?kVd 5
Hkkypanz usekMsa ;kaph dkancjh % tjhyk] >wy] gwy
?kVd 6
Hkkypanz usekMsa ;kaph dfork % ns[k.kh
?kVd 7
Hkkypanz usekMsa ;kapk lkfgR;fopkj
?kVd 8
Hkkypanz usekMsa ;kaph leh{kk
7
ewyHkwr okpu
1- dkslykcn~ny
2- ejkBh dknacjh ra= vkf.k fodkl
3- ejkBh dknacjh fparu vkf.k leh{kk
4- leh{ksph uoh :is
5- nsonkl vkf.k dkslyk
6- xsY;k v/kZ”krdkrhy ejkBh dknacjh
7- Hkkypaæ usekMs ;kaph dknacjh
8- dkgh iqLrds dkgh ys[kd
9- ejkBh dknacjhpk bfrgkl
10- dknacjh Lo:i o leh{kk
11- MkW-Hkkypanz usekMs ;kaps lkfgR; %,d
vUo;kFkZ
12- MkW-Hkkypanz usekMs ;kaph dfork
13- mnkgj.kkFkZ dkslyk
iwjd
123456789-
okpu
ikfFkZokps mn;kLr
nhiLraHk
iqUgk dfork
f[kMdhrY;k dfork
dfork vkf.k çfrek
dforsfo’k;h
Hkkypaæ usekMs ;kaP;k eqy[krh
pkaxnso prq’V;kfo’k;h
lkfgR;kpk vH;kl
lanHkZ
123456-
xzFa k
/kkj vkf.k dkB
Vhdkgj.k
lkfgR; % Lo:i] lanHkZ vkf.k lkSna ;Z
iklax
ejkBh lkfgR; % çsj.kk o Lo:i
vfLrRooknkph :ijs’kk
78-
lkfgR;krhy thouHkk’;
ok³~e;hu “kSyh vkf.k ra=
laik- ckck HkkaM] /kkjk izdk”ku vkSjx
a kckn] 1979
ckiV] xksMcksy]s fOgul] iq.ks 1973
paædkar ckfnoMsdj] esgrk] iq.ks 1993
xaxk/kj ikVhy] eWtfs LVd] eaqcbZ] 1981
e`.kkfyuh ikVhy] fot; izdk”ku] ukxiqj
laik-foykl [kksy]s yksdokM(e;] eaqcbZ] 2002
fd”kksj lkui] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn 1996
“kadj lkjMk] ikWI;qyj izdk”ku] eqca bZ] 1965
paædkar ckafnoMsdj] esgrk] iq.ks 1996
n-fHk-dqyd.khZ] in~exa/kk] iq.ks 2003
ds”ko læs
fd”kksj lkui
Okklqnso lkoaar
n-fHk- dqyd.khZ] ikWI;qyj] eaqcbZ] 1965
y-x-tksx] vkykspuk] 1964
laik-paædkar ikVhy] uk-/kksa- egkuksj] 1965
fo|k/kj oS|] /kqG]s 1976
lq/khj jlkG] ekSt] eaqcbZ] 1992
olar vkckth Mgkds] Lo:i] vkSnxkackn] 1989
laik-MkW-“kksHkk ukbZd
jktu xol] “kCnky;] iq.kslaik-MkW-eapjdj ln~Hkko xzFa k] izfrek izdk”ku] 2003
ujgj dq:na dj] ns”keq[k vkf.k daiuh] iq.ks
Jh/kj frGos] “kCnosy] dksYgkiwj] 1999
lq-Jh-ika<jhikaM]s çfrek] iq.ks 1985
dqlqekorh ns”kikaM]s ekSt] eaqcbZ] 1971
laik-xks- ek- iokj ikWI;qyj] eqacbZ] 1986
egkjk’Vª fo|kihB xzFa k fuferhZ eaMG] vkSjx
a kckn
1979
eaqcbZ ejkBh xzFa k laxzgky;] eaqcbZ] 1970
gkrd.kaxysdj e-n-] vfHktkr] dksYgkiwj 1981
8
vH;klif=dk Øekad 3
ejkBh ok³~e;k
;kpk bfrgkl % bb-l- 1800 rs bb-l- 1980
mfn~’Vs %
1-
4-
b-l- 1801 rs b-l- 1874 ;k dky[kaMkph lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd
ik”oZHkweh] fopkjiz.kkyh] lkekftd lq/kkj.kk] o pGoGh ;kapk ok³~e;kojhy
izHkkokpk vH;kl dj.ksb-l-1800 rs b-l- 1980 ;k dky[kaMkrhy ok³~e; fufeZrhph ik”oZHkweh]
frP;k izsj.kk] izo`Ÿkh] izokg] egÙokps xzFa kdkj o R;kaP;k lkfgR;d`rh ;k
vuq’kaxkus vH;kl dj.ksHkk’kkarjhr ok³~e;] fu;rdkfyds] fuca/kekyk] oSpkfjd o yfyr fuca/k]
dFkk] dknacjh] ukVd]dkO;] pfj= vkf.k vkRepfj= ;k ok³~e;izdkjkrhy
BGd xzFa kdkj o R;kaP;k ok³~e;Ñrhapk LFkwy vH;kl dj.ksyfyrsrj ok³~e;kpk LFkwy ifjp; ?kMfo.ks-
12345678-
b-l-1800 rs b-l-1874 ;k dky[kaMkph lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd ik”oZHkweh
laLÑrhph ladYiuk o Lo:i
laLÑrh vkf.k bfrgkl
laLÑrh vkf.k lkfgR; var%laca/k
lkfgR; vkf.k lkekftd n`’Vh
eqæ.kdyspk mn;
“kkGkiqLrdeaMGh o f[kzLrh fe”kuÚ;kaph iqLrds
/kkfeZd çcks/kukP;k pGoGh
fu;rdkfydkapk mn;
23-
vH;kldze
?kVd 1
?kVd 2
123456789-
fuca/k] y?kqfuca/k] yfyr fuca/k] yfyr ys[k] yfyrx|% Lo:i] fo”ks’k]
okVpky
yksdfgroknhaph ^”kri=s* 1800&1874
egkRek Qqyp
sa s ys[ku
fuca/kekyk % 1874 rs 1920
y?kqfuca/k % 1920 rs 1945
yfyrfuca/k % 1945 rs 1960
yfyrys[k % 1945 rs 1960
yfyrx| % 1960 rs 1980
dFkk ok³~e;kps Lo:i] fo”ks’k] okVpky
dFkk ok³~e;kP;k izkjaHkkps Lo:i
vOoy baxzth dky[kaM
^dje.kwd* dky[kaM
^euksjt
a u* dky[kaM
;”koar] fdyksZLdj dky[kaM
uodFkk
xzkeh.k dFkk
nfyr dFkk
L=hoknh dFkk
1234-
dknacjh ok³~e;kps Lo:i] fo”ks’k okVpky
b-l-1857 rs b-l-1885 ;k dkGkrhy dknacjh
b-l-1885 rs b-l- 1920 ;k dkGkrhy dknacjh
b-l- 1920 rs b-l- 1960 ;k dkGkrhy dknacjh
b-l-1960 uarjph dknacjh
1234567?kVd 3
?kVd 4
9
?kVd 5
123456
ukV~;ok³~e;kps Lo:i] fo”ks’k] okVpky
ukVdkph Hkkjrh; ijaijk o fodkl
ejkBh jaxHkwehpk mn;
laxhr ukVdkapk ekunaM % v..kklkgsc fdyksZLdj
b-l- 1885 rs b-l-1920 ;k dkykrhy ukV~;okM(e;
b-l- 1920 rs b-l- 1950 ;k dkykrhy ukV~;okM(e;
b-l- 1950 rs b-l- 1980 ;k dkykrhy ukVd-
123456
7-
dkO;ok³~e;kps Lo:i] fo”ks’k] okVpky
çkjaHkhph Hkk’kkarfjr dfork
ds”kolqr o ledkyhu doh
jfofdj.k eaMG ¼b-l- 1925 rs 1945½
uodkO;
xzkeh.k dfork
nfyr dfork
L=hoknh dfork
?kVd 6
?kVd 7
pfj=&vkRepfj= ok³~e;kps Lo:i fo”ks’k okVpky
1- ,sfrgkfld pfj=s
2- larpfj=s
3- jktdh;] lkekftd tkx`rhP;k mn~n”s kkus fyfgysyh pfj=s
4- lektlq/kkjdkaph pfj=s
5- ok³~e;lsod o lkfgfR;dkaph pfj=s
6 Hkkjrh; izcks/ku vkf.k ifjorZuklkBh fyfgysyh pfj=s
7- fL=;kaph vkRepfj=s
8- fp=iVl`’Vhrhy vkRepfj=s
9- Lokra«;ksRrj vkRepfj=s
10- nfyr vkRedFkus
?kVd 8
yfyrsrj ok³~e;kps Lo:i] fo”ks’k] okVpky
Hkkf’kd vH;kl % ejkBh “kCndks”k] O;kdj.k] Hkk’kk”kkL=
lkfgR;leh{kk ¼lkfgR;kpk lS)kfUrd fopkj½
“kks/k] la”kks/ku] fpfdRlk
123-
ewyHkwr okpu
1- ejkBh lkfgR;kph lkaLÑfrd ik”oZHkweh
2- egkjk’Vªkpk lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl
3- lkfgR;] lekt vkf.k laLÑrh
4- vk/kqfud ejkBh ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl ¼Hkkx
ifgyk o nqljk½
5- ejkBh ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl ¼[kaM 4 o 5½
6- ejkBh ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl ¼[kaM 1 rs 4½
7- iznf{k.kk ¼Hkkx ifgyk o nqljk½
8- ,dksf.klkO;k “krdkrhy ejkBh x| ¼[kaM1]2½
xks-e- dqyd.khZ
“ka-nk-isaMls
fnxacj ik/;s
MkW-v-uk- ns”kikaMs
jk-Jh- tksx
lkfgR; ifj’kn iq.ks
dkWfUVusaVy izdk”ku
laik-HkkLdj y{e.ks HkksGs]
lkfgR; vdkneh
10
iwjd
123456789-
okpu
ejkBh lkfgR;kpk lkaLÑfrd lanHkZ
egkjk’Vª thou ¼[kaM 1 o 2 ½
vokZphu ejkBh x|kph iwoZihfBdk
ejkBh ok³~e;kpk foospd bfrgkl
ejkBh dknacjhps ifgys “krd
ejkBh dFkk mxe vkf.k fodkl
ejkBh dfork
Hkkjrh; laLÑrh
ejkBh dknacjhps lekt”kkL=h; lekykspu
jk-x- tk/ko
xa-ck- ljnkj
xa-ck- ljnkj
iz-u- tks”kh
dqlqekorh ns”kikaMs
banqerh “ksoMs
fuf”kdkar Bdkj
lkus xq:th
johanz Bkdwj
lanHkZ
12345678910111213-
xzFa k
ejkBh laLÑrh
egkjk’Vª laLÑrhps rkfÙod vf/k’Bku
lkfgR; vkf.k lekt
lkfgR; vkf.k lanHkZ
lekt vkf.k lkfgR;
ejkBh x|kpk baxzth vorkj
ejkBh o`Ùki=kpk bfrgkl
/kkj vkf.k dkB
ejkBh ,sfrgkfld dknacjh % ,d vH;kl
L=h lq/kkj.kk fo’k;d ejkBh ukV;ys[ku
dFkk mn~xe vkf.k fopkj
ejkBh dknacjhpk bfrgkl
ejkBh fuca/k % mn~xe vkf.k fodkl
“ka-ck tks”kh
n-g- vfXugks=h
xks-ek- iokj
vatyh lkse.k
lnk d&gkMs
n-ok- iksrnkj
ok-ds- ysys
ujgj dq:na dj
foHkk “kgk
e`.kkfyuh “kgk
jk-xks- pkojs
paædkar ckafnoMsdj
fxjh”k eksjs
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad 4 ¼rhu
¼rhu iSdh ,d½
,d½
v- ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
mfn~n’Vs %
1234567vH;kldze
?kVd 1
Hkkf’kd laiz’s k.kkph dkS”kY;s izkIr dj.ks
Hkk’kspk fofo/kkaxh gks.kkjk okij letkowu ?ks.ks
ltZu”khy ys[ku dls vlrs] R;kph rŸos o ?kVd letkowu ?ks.ks
lkfgR;kph fufeZfrçfØ;k vkf.k Hkk’kk ;kph vksG[k d:u ?ks.ks
eqfær”kks/kukps dkS”kY; izkIr dj.ks
tkfgjkr] ftaxYl] xzkfQVh] fp=&ukV; ijh{k.kkps mi;kstu dj.ks
nSufa nuh] y?kqdFkk] dfork] ,dkafddk] yfyrx| ;kaps ltZu”khy
ys[ku dj.ksHkkf’kd laiz’s k.kkph dkS”kY;s
• Hkkf’kd laiz’s k.k % Lo:i o fofo/krk
• dkS”kY;s % Jo.k] ys[ku] okpu] laokn] vkdyu
• eqfær”kks/ku % xjt] egŸo] [kq.kk
11
?kVd 2
Hkkf’kd fofo/krk
• tkfgjkrhph Hkk’kk
• fp=iVkph Hkk’kk
• U;k;laLFksph Hkk’kk
• /keZlaLFksph Hkk’kk
?kVd 3
ltZu”khy ys[kukph ewyrŸos
• ltZu”khy ys[ku % Lo:i o O;k[;k
• dykoar] “kkL=K] doh o lkekU; ek.kwl ;kaph ltZu”khyrk
• ewyrŸos ok fo”ks’k % yofpdrk] ikjn”kZdrk] ,dkRerk]
okLrolçek.krk] vkRekfo’dkj] okpuh;rk] çfrekokij
• VIIks % dFkuçkjaHk] mRdVe/;] ,dkRe”ksoV] laokn&Loxr
?kVd 4
Hkkf’kd ltZu”khyrk
• Hkkf’kd ltZu”khyrsps ?kVd % 1- “kCn 2- okD; 3- vyadkj 4- vFkZ
?kVd 5
lkfgR;kph fufeZfrçfØ;k
• lkfgR;Ñrhps ?kVd % vk”k;] vkÑfrca/k] “kSyh
• O;kogkfjd vuqHko] dykuqHko o lkfgfR;d
• vuqHkofu’B ok³~e; izdkj
?kVd 6
lkfgR;kph Hkk’kk
• vk”k; vkf.k vfHkO;Drh
• xks’V] yksddFkk] y?kqdFkk] dfork] dknacjh] ,dkafddk] ukVd]
fuac/k] yfyr ys[k] O;fDrfp= ;kaph Hkk’kk
mi;ksftr ys[ku
• eqfær”kks/ku
• tkfgjkr] ftaxYl] xzkfQVh ;kaps mi;kstu
• fp=&ukV; ijh{k.k
?kVd 7
?kVd 8
ltZu”khy ys[ku
• nSufnuh ys[ku
• y?kqdFkk] dfork] ,dkafddk] O;fDrfp= ys[ku
ewyHkwr okpu
1- l`tukRed ys[ku
2- lkfgR;kph fufeZfrçfØ;k
3- laokn”kkL=
4- tkfgjkrhpa tx
5- Hkk’kk % Lo:i] lkeF;Z vkf.k lkSna ;Z
6- lkfgR;kph Hkk’kk
7- yfyr lkfgR;krhy vkÑfrca/kkph
tM.k?kM.k
8- ltZu”kks/k vkf.k fyfgrk ys[kd
9- ltZu”khyrk
MkW-vkuan ikVhy] in~exa/kk] iq.ks
MkW-vkuan ;kno] esgrk] iq.ks
Jhikn tks”kh] fot;] ukxiwj
;”kksnk Hkkxor] ekSt] eqacbZ
MkW-ok-ds- ysy]s jktgal] iq.ks
Hkkypanz usekMs] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn
e/kq dqyd.khZ] “kqHknk lkjLor] iq.ks
foykl lkjax] ekSt] eaqcbZ
e-ck-daqMys] uwru] iq.ks-
12
iwjd
1234567-
okpu
“kq)ys[ku foosd
“kq)ys[ku ekxZçnhi
Ckksydk dWesjk
xq:nRr % rhu vadh “kksdkafrdk
O;kogkfjd ejkBh
oS[kjh
fde;k
lanHkZ
12345678-
xzFa k
Hkk’kkfoosd
laokn
910111213-
eh dlk >kyks
O;kogkfjd ejkBh
ejkBh Hkk’kk vkf.k “kSyh
U;k;ky;hu O;ogkj vkf.k ejkBh Hkk’kk
fQYeesdlZ
ejkBh x|ys[ku “kSyhpk mn~xe vkf.k fodkl
:tokr
“kCnos/k
O;kogkfjd ejkBh ¼fo”ks’kkad½
yfyrys[ku o “kSyh
Hkk’kkuSiq.;s
MkW-n-u- xks[kys] lksgea ] iq.ks
v:.k QMds] vadqj] Bk.ks
;”kksnk Hkkxor] ekSt] eaqcbZ
v:.k [kksidj] xazFkkyh] eqca bZ
MkW-y-jk- ufljkckndj] QMds] dksYgkiwj
MkW-v”kksd dsGdj] eWtfs LVd] eaqcbZ
ek/ko vkpoy] ekSt] eaqcbZ
e-fo- jktk/;{k] Jhfo|k] iq.ks
v:.k “ksors] eqGk ,T;qd”s ku lkslk;Vh] lksubZ
Jh-nk- ijpqj]s xazFkkyh] eqacbZ
v”kksd dsGdj] yksdok³~e; x`g] eqca bZ
fo|qYys[kk vdywtdj] eWtfs LVd] eqca bZ
uoHkkjr] 1981
MkW-ok-ds-ysy]s lkfgR;izlkj dasæ] ukxiqj
MkW-v”kksd dsGdj] ejkBh fo”odks”k [kaM 12 ok
i`’B 491
vkpk;Z v=s] ijpqj]s iq.ks
laiknd MkW-Lusgy rkojs] Lugso/kZu] iq.ks
MkW-jes”k &vf”ouh /kksx
a Ms] e/kqjkt] iq.ks;”koarjko pOgk.k izfr’Bku o xzFa kkyh] eqca bZx.ks”k erdjh]eWtfs LVd] eaqcbZ-
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk dzekad 4
apk vH;kl
c- ejkBh ok³~e;hu pGoGha
pGoGhpk
mfn~’Vs %
12345vH;kldze
?kVd 1
ok³~e;hu pGoGhph ladYiuk letkowu ns.ks
fofo/k pGoGh o ok³~e;hu pGoGhapk ijLijlaca/k letkowu ns.ks
fofo/k ok³~e;hu pGoGhaP;k ladYiuk] izsj.kk o Lo:i letkowu ns.ksok³~e;hu pGoGhps ejkBh lkfgR;krhy Lo:i letkowu ns.ks
useysY;k ejkBh lkfgR;Ñrhae/khy ok³~e;hu pGoGhps Lo:i letkowu
ns.ks
v- ok³~e;hu pGoG % ladYiuk] Lo:i vkf.k fo”ks’k
c- uolkfgR; % ladYiuk o Lo:i
• useysyh lkfgR;Ñrh % e<sZdjkaph dfork ¼ekSt izdk”ku] eaqcbZ½
?kVd 2
y?kqfu;rdkfyd pGoG ( ladYiuk] Lo:i] çjs.kk vkf.k fo”ks’k
• fofo/k y?kqfu;rdkfyds
• y?kqfu;rdkfyd pGoGhP;k mn;kekxhy ik”oZHkweh
?kVd 3
nfyr lkfgR; pGoG ladYiuk] izsj.kk] Lo:i vkf.k fo”ks’k
• useysyh lkfgR;Ñrh % xksyfiBk& ukesno <lkG ¼yksdok³~e; x`g] eaqcbZ½
13
?kVd 4
xzkeh.k lkfgR; pGoG] ladYiuk] Lo:i] çjs.kk vkf.k fo”ks’k
• useysyh lkfgR;Ñrh % lk[kjQsjk & eksgu ikVhy ¼dkWfUVusaVy] iq.ks½
?kVd 5
L=hoknh lkfgR; pGoG % ladYiuk] izsj.kk] Lo:i vkf.k fo”ks’k
• useysyh lkfgR;Ñrh % T;kpk R;kpk iz”u & fiz;k rsM
a qydj
ukV;pGoG % ladYiuk] Lo:i] çjs.kk vkf.k fo”ks’k
• jaxk;ru] vkfo’dkj] fFk,Vj xzqi] vfudsr] ihMh,] fFk,Vj vWdWMeh bukV;laLFkk] ys[kd vkf.k fnXn”kZd ;kaP;k vuq’kaxkus
• useysyh lkfgR;Ñrh % egkfuokZ.k& lrh”k vkGsdj
HkVD;k foeqDrkaps lkfgR; % ladYiuk] Lo:i] çjs.kk vkf.k fo”ks’k
• useysyh lkfgR;d`rh % bGuekG & v”kksd iokj] yksdok³~e; x`g] eqca bZ-
?kVd 6
?kVd 7
?kVd 8
vkfnoklh lkfgR; pGoG % ladYiuk] Lo:i] çjs.kk vkf.k fo”ks’k
• useysyh lkfgR;d`rh % >sy>ikV& e/kqdj okdksMs
ewyHkwr okpu
1- e<sZdjkaph dfork
2- xksyfiBk
3- lk[kjQsjk
4- T;kpk R;kpk iz”u
5- egkfuokZ.k
6- bGuekG
7- >sy>ikV
iwjd okpu
1- vkLFksps ç”u
2- 1960 uarjph lkekftd fLFkrh vkf.k
lkfgR;krys uos çokg
3- lkBksRrjh ejkBh ok³~e;krhy çokg
4- lkBksRrjh ejkBh leh{kk
5- ledkyhu lkfgR; % ço`Rrh o çokg
67-
lkBksRrjh ejkBh dfork o doh
ejkBh dFkk % izo`Rrh vkf.k izokg
891011-
v:.k dksyVdajkph dfork
nfyr lkfgR; izokg vkf.k izdkj
lkfgR; vkf.k lekt
ejkBh lkfgR; % çsj.kk o Lo:i
¼1850&1975½
ejkBh jaxHkweh vkf.k ukVd
egkfuokZ.k % leh{kk vkf.k laLej.ks
feFkd vkf.k ukVd
jktdh; pGoG vkf.k ejkBh ukVd
f}ny % e<sZdj dkO;fopkj vkf.k
dkO; % vU;ksU; laca/k
e<sZdjkaph dfork % ,d vH;kl
121314151617-
ck-lh- e<sZdj] ekSt] eaqcbZ
Ukkenso <lkG] yksdokM(e; x`g] eaqcbZeksgu ikVhy] dkWfUVusaVy] iq.ksfiz;k rsaMqydj
lrh”k vkGsdj
v”kksd iokj] yksdokM(e; x`g] eaqcbZ
e/kqdj okdksMs
jaxukFk iBkjs] “kCnky; çdk”ku Jhjkeiwj
vkuan ;kno] esgrk] iq.ks
laik-“kj.kdqekj fyackGs] fnyhijkt] iq.ks
ds”ko læs] xkseard ejkBh vdkneh] i.kth
e`.kkfyuh ikVhy o brj] fot; izdk”ku]
ukxiwjjk-x- tk/ko lkdsr izdk”ku] vkSjx
a kckn
jk-xks- pkojs] ejkBh tulkfgR; ifj’kn]
vejkorhlaik-olar ikV.kdj] yksdokM(e;] eaqcbZ
MkW- vfouk'k lkaxksyd
s j] izfrek] iq.ks
laik-ukxukFk dksRrkiYys
xks-ek- iokj] gkrd.kaxysdj
fo”oukFk f”kan]s fgeka”kw LekrZ] izfrek] iq.kslaik-js[kk bukenkj &lkus] jktgal] iq.ksrkjk HkokGdj] lfork] vkSjx
a kcknuk-d`- jkuokj] ikWI;qyj] eaqcbZn- fHk- dqyd.khZ egkjk’Vª lkfgR; ifj’kn
vka/kzizn”s k] gSnzkckn/kks-a fo- ns”kikaM]s lk-iz- dsna z] ukxiwj-
14
lanHkZ xzFa k
1- ejkBh uodFksps lkeF;Z
2- uodFkkdkj “kadj ikVhy ;kaP;k
lkfgR;kpk fpfdRld vH;kl
3- fL=;kaph uodFkk
4- uodforsps ,d ri
5- [kMd vkf.k ik.kh
6- VhdkLo;aoj
7- y?kqfu;rdkfyd pGoG
8- nfyr lkfgR; % osnuk vkf.k foæksg
9- nfyr lkfgR;kP;k fufeÙkkus
10- nfyr lkfgR; % ,d vkdyu
1112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536-
fuGh igkV
ekDlZokn vkf.k ejkBh lkfgR;
nfyr lkfgR; % ,d vH;kl
nfyr lkfgR; % Lo:i o Hkwfedk
nfyr dfork
nfyr lkfgR; % ppkZ vkf.k fparu
nfyr lkfgR; % vktps ØkafrfoKku
xzkeh.k lkfgR; %
xzkeh.k lkfgR; % ,d fparu
xzkeh.k lkfgR; Lo:i vkf.k leL;k
L=hoknh lkfgR; % Lo:i vkf.k
leL;k
L=hoknh leh{kk % ladYiuk o
mi;kstu
Hkkjrh; lanHkkZruw L=hokn] L=hoknh
leh{kk vkf.k mi;kstu
vkfnoklh ejkBh lkfgR;
v{kjoSnHkhZ vad ¼1996½
tulkfgR;
ok-y- dqyd.khZ] lR;dFkk] fnokGh 1954
ukxukFk dksRrkiYys] baæk;.kh lkfgR;] iq.ks
eaxyk oj[ksM]s dSykljk.kk iz-] ukf”kd
jk-v- dkGsy]s euksgj xzaFkekyk iz- iq.ks
xaxk/kj xkMxhG] ikWI;qyj] eaqcbZ
Hkkypaæ usekMs] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn
^^uok{kj* n”kZu* vad] lkoarokMh 2009
Hkkypaæ QMds] Jhfo|k] iq.ks
lnk dÚgkMs] vfHkuo] eqacbZ
ckGd`’.k doBsdj] vtc iqLrdky;]
dksYgkiwj
jk-x- tk/ko] Jhfo|k] iq.ks
fo-l- tksx] fot;] ukxiwj
vtquZ MkaxGs] e-jk- lk- la- ea] eqacbZ
okeu fuackGdj] çcks/ku] ukxiwj
e-lq- ikVhy] yksdokM(e; x`g] eaqcbZ
xaxk/kj ikurko.ks] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn
ckcqjko ckxwy] cqf)LV] ukxiwj
jk-ja- cksjkMs] lkdsr] vkSjxkackn
n-rk- Hkkslys] esgrk] iq.ks
vkuan ;kno] esgrk] iq.ks
vf”ouh /kkax
s Ms] fnyhijkt] iq.ks
eaxyk oj[ksM]s
“kksHkk ukbZd] yksdok³~e;] eaqcbZ
laik- çeksn equ?kkVs] çfrek] iq.ks
laik-MkW-lqHkk’k lkojdj
lqHkk’k lkojdj] ejkBh tulkfgR; ifj’kn]
vejkorh
tulkkfgR;kP;k fn”ksus
;k-ok- oMLdj] esgrk iq.ks
ejkBh dkO;kps ekuanM] [kaM nqljk
MkW-l-jk- xkMxhG
e<sZdjkaph dfork % Lo:i vkf.k lanHkZ fot;k jktk/;{k
[kaM ifgyk o nqljk
vktps ukVddkj
laik-nÙkk=; iqaMs o Lusgy rkojs] Lusgo/kZu]
iq.ksvk/kqfud ejkBh ukVd ¼vk”k; vkf.k lq’kek tkaxGsdj] ekfld] iq.ksvkÑfrca/k½
ukVd% ,d fparu
olar dkusVdj] uhGdaB] iq.ksukVdkrhy fpUg
jktho ukbZd] lanHkZ] Bk.ksukV;n”kZu
lquhy lqHksnkj] eaq-e-lk-la?k] Bk.ksukV;jax
fo-Hkk- ns”kikaM]s foey] iq.ksukV;foe”kZ
ds-ukjk;.k] esgrk] iq.ks-
15
3738-
ukV;leh{kk ejkBh ukVds
iz;ksx{ke ejkBh ukVds
39-
ejkBh ukVd vkf.k euksfoÑrh
40-
ejkBh ukVd % Lokra«;ksÙkj pGoG
fo-Hkk- ns”kikaM]s esgrk] iq.kslaik-eq-Jh- dkuMs] fonHkZ lkfgR; la?k]
ukxiwjLusgy rkojs vkf.k lq/kk “kkGhxzke] foey]
iq.ksfo-Hkk- ns”kikaM]s Oghul] iq.ks-
,sfPNd
fPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk dzekad 4
d- yksdlkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh yksdlkfgR;
mfn~n’Vs %
12345vH;kldze
?kVd 1
?kVd 2
?kVd 3
?kVd 4
?kVd 5
yksdlkfgR;kP;k mxe o O;kIrhcn~ny ekfgrh ?ks.ks
yksdlkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh yksdlkfgR;kpk ifjp; d:u ns.ks
ejkBh yksdxhrs] yksddFkk] yksddyk] LQqV jpuk v”kk lkfgR;kpk ifjp;
d:u ?ksrk ;sbZyejkBh laLÑrh vkf.k ijaijkaph vksG[k gksbZy
yksdlkfgR;kP;k vH;kli)rh] v/;;ui)rh] la”kks/ku ;kaph ekfgrh ns.ks
yksdlkfgR; % ladYiuk vkf.k Lo:i
• yksdlkfgR;kP;k O;k[;k % ikÜpkŸ; o Hkkjrh;
• yksdlkfgR; % laKk o vFkZ
• yksdlkfgR; vkf.k yksdlaLÑrh
• yksdlkfgR; vkf.k yksdekul
yksdlkfgR; % mRiÙkh vkf.k O;kIrh
v½ yksdlkfgR;kps izdkj
• “kkCn yksdlkfgR; % dFkk] xhrs] okd~;izpkj] Eg.kh] m[kk.ks] vk[;kus
•Ykksddyk % yksdu`R;] yksdukV;] yksdok|] f”kYi] ewrhZ
•yksd:<h] yksdHkze] yksdlet] yksdrÙo] yksdfo/kh
c½ yksdlkfgR; o vU; Kku”kk[kk
•ekuoa”k”kkL=] lekt”kkL= ekul”kkL=] Hkk’kk”kkL=] bfrgkl
yksdlkfgR;kP;k vH;kli)rh
1-nSordFkk”kkL=h; 2- fulxZ:idoknh 3-HkzkardYiukoknh
4-gsrqdFkkoknh 5-vo”ks’koknh 6-,sfrgkfld&HkkSxksfyd
7-dk;kZUo;h 8- lanHkkZUo;h 9-jpukuqlkjh
ejkBh yksdxhrs
• dFkkxhrs] vksoh] Qsjkojph xk.kh] HkksM
a yk] HkwykckbZ] ukxiapehph xhrs]
fof/kxhrs] “ksrdjh xhrs] /kuxjh xhrs] dqHa kkjkP;k Mgkdk
• xks/a kGh&oklqnso&ikaxqG&ukFktksxh&iksrjkt ;kaph xhrs
• MDdyokj] ukxHkaM;kph Hktus] Hksfnd] “kkfgjh ¼yko.kh&iksokMk½
• LQqV jpukizdkj % Eg.kh] okd~izpkj] m[kk.ks] dksMh
ejkBh yksddFkk
• yksddFkkaph Hkkjrh; iajijk % xzFa kfufo’V dFkk % c`gRdFkk] iapra=]
fgrksins”k] osrkGiapfo”kh] flagklucÙkh”kh] “kqdcgkÙkjh] tkrddFkk]
tSupq.khZdFkk] dgk.;k] ozrdFkk
• ekSf[kddFkk] nSordFkk] ijhdFkk] izkf.kdFkk] mRifrdFkk] nardFkk]
16
?kVd 6
jk{kldFkk] iqjk.kdFkk] Li’Vhdj.kdFkk
• yksddFksrhy ewy?kVd] jpukca/k] vkf.k dYiukca/k
ejkBh yksddyk
• yksdjaxHkwehps fo”ks’k
• Ykksdu`R;s % vfHkpkju`R;] fof/kukV;] ØhMku`R;
¼HkDrkps u`R;] xks/a kG] Hkk:M] n”kkorkj] dhrZu] ueu] HkqR;s] jk/kku`R;]
eaxGkxkSj] ukxiapeh] ys>he] f>ek Qsj] xthu`R; b-½
• yksdukV;s % ukV;kRefo/kh] /kkfeZd ukV; ok mikluk ukV;] jatuukV;
¼eaqt] yXu] dkdMvkjrh] yGhr] tksxok] HkqR;s] dhrZu] tksxrk] cksgkMk]
rek”kk] fp=dFkh] ox] dGlw=h ckgwY;k] naMkj] cgq:ih b-½
?kVd 7
yksdlkfgR;kP;k v/;;ui)rh
1- yksdrÙoh; v/;;u i)rh
2- vkfnca/kkRed v/;;u i)rh
?kVd 8
yksdlkfgR;kP;k la”kks/ku i)rh
1- {ks=h; la”kks/ku i)rh
2- Lrjh; la”kks/ku i)rh
ewyHkwr okpu
1- yksdlkfgR;kph :ijs[kk
2- yksdlkfgR;kps Lo:i
3- yksdlkfgR;kps var%izokg
4- yksdlkfgR; ehekalk % Hkkx 1 o 2
5- yksdlkfgR; % ladYiuk o Lo:i
6- yksdlkfgR; fopkj
7- yksdlkfgR; “kks/k vkf.k leh{kk
8- yksdlkfgR; % ,d Lora= vH;kl{ks=
9- yksdlkfgR;kpk {ks=h; vH;kl
10- yksdlkfgR; “kCndks”k
nqxkZ Hkkxor
izHkkdj ekaMs
izHkkdj ekaMs
fo”oukFk f”kans
“kjn O;ogkjs
vfuy lgL=cq)s
jk-fp-a <sjs
xaxk/kj eksjts
xaxk/kj eksjts
ljksftuh ckcj
iwjd
123456789-
e/kqdj okdksMs
oSngs h dksGd
s j
rkjk HkokGdj
Rkkjk HkokGdj
nqxkZ Hkkxor
l-jk- xkMxhG
vfuy lgL=cq)s
fo”oukFk f”kans
Jh-ja- dqyd.khZ
okpu %
ejkBh yksddFkk
ejkBh yksddFkk Lo:i ehekalk
yksdlkfgR; % “kCn o iz;ksx
yksdlafpr
/keZ vkf.k yksdlkfgR;
yksder
yksdlkfgR; la”kks/ku i)rh
“kkfgjh ok³~e;kP;k /kkjk
vksoh rs yko.kh
lanHkZ xzFa k
1- ejkBh yksdkaph laLÑrh
2- iqjk.kdFkk vkf.k okLrork
3-
L=h xhrkaph lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd ijaijk
bjkorh dosZ
Mh-Mh- dkslca h ¼vuq-olar
rqGeqy½s
fo|k O;ogkjs
17
4567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950-
yksdlaLÑrhrhy L=h:is
nxMh tkR;kpk js”keh xGk
L=hthou
Hkweh vkf.k L=h
gknxk vkf.k HkksM
a yk
fL=;kaps [ksG vkf.k xk.kh
>ksikG;kojps jkek;.k
yksdlafpr
yksdjatukph ikjaifjd ek/;es
“kkfgjh ok³~e;kP;k /kkjk
ejkBh yksdukV;& rek”kk
yksdlaLÑrhps mikld
yksdlaLÑrhph f{krhts
yksdukV;kph ijaijk
ejkBh yko.kh ok³~e;
eÚgkVh yko.kh
yksdjaxHkweh
ek;okVspk ekxksok
ejkBh yksddFkkxhr
yksdlkfgR; vkf.k yksdlaLÑrh
fL=;kaP;k vksohxhrkarhy izfrekl`’Vh
egkjk’Vª & yksdlaLÑrh
lktf”k.kxkj
ok³~e;”kkjnsps uqiwj
yksddFkk dYidrk
ejkBokM;krhy dyxh rq&;kph vk/;fRed “kkfgjh
Hkkjr ds yksdukV;
yksdlkfgR; % cnyrs lanHkZ cnyrh :is
yksdizfrHkk vkf.k yksdrÙos
yksd/kkVhP;k ofgokVh
vuqc/a k
yksdukxj jaxHkweh
larlkfgR; vkf.k yksdlkfgR;
yksdlaLÑrhpk var%izokg
yksdjaxdyk vkf.k ukxjjaxHkweh
izkphu ejkBhP;k uo/kkjk
yksdnSorkaps fo”o
yksdlkfgR; fl)kar vkf.k jpukca/k
vkacMsdjh tyls
lR;”kks/kdh tyls
Hkkjrh; jaxHkwehP;k “kks/kkr
dyk vkf.k laLÑrh ,d leUo;
lkfgR;kps lkekftd lkaLÑfrd vuqc/a k
ijaikfjd ejkBh rek”kk vkf.k vk/kqfud oxukV;
laLÑrhP;k ikmy[kq.kk
yksdthou vkf.k yksdlaLÑrh
vkacMsdjh “kkfgjh % ,d “kks/k
Ñ’.kk baxksys
Hkxoar ns”keq[k
lkus xq:th
“kSyk yksfg;k
“kSyk yksfg;k
ljksftuh ckcj
O;adVs”k ejkBs
rkjk HkokGdj
“kjn O;ogkjs
fo”oukFk f”kans
ukenso OgVdj
jk-fpa- <sjs
jk-fpa- <sjs
fo-Ñ- tks”kh
xaxk/kj eksjts
e-ok- /kkaM
s
izHkkdj ekaMs
rkjk HkokGdj
fnudj dqyd.khZ
ljksftuh ckcj
ouekyk ikuls
ljksftuh ckcj
ljksftuh ckcj
ekyrh nkaMd
s j
ekyrh nkaMd
s j
izHkkdj ekaMs
MkW-f”kodqekj e/kqj
MkW-xaxk/kj eksjts
e/kqdj okdksMs
e/kqdj okdksMs
rkjk ijkatis
Rkkjk HkokGdj
jk-fpa- <sjs
“kjn O;ogkjs
izHkkdj ekaMs
jk-fpa- <sjs
jk-fpa- <sjs
xaxk/kj eksjts
Hkxoku Bkdwj
laHkkth [kjkV
jk-fpa- <sjs
lq/khj nsojs
e-lq- ikVhy
fo”oukFk f”kans
n-rk- Hkkslys
n-rk- Hkkslys
Ñ’.kk fdjoys
18
f”kokth fo|kihB]
fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj
,e,e-,- ejkBh ¼lq/kkfjr½ vH;kldze
vH;klif=dkaph :ijs’kk
,e,e-,- Hkkx 2
vH;kl o’kZ % 2011 iklwu vaeykr
vko”;d vH;klif=dk %
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 5 vk/kqfud Hkk’kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk’kk
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 6 ,dk ok³~e; izdkjkpk vH;kl % dknacjh
vH;klif=dk Øekad % 7 e/;;qxhu ejkBh ok³~e; % x| vkf.k i|
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk %
egÙokph lwpuk % çFke o’kkZlkBh fuoMysyk ,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk xV
gk f}rh; o’kkZlkBh vfuok;Z jkghyjkghy,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad % 8 ¼rhu iSdh ,d½
v- ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
c- ejkBh oSpkfjd ok³~e;
d- yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k foKku lkfgR;
vH;klif=dk Øekad 5
vk/kqfud Hkk’kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk’kk
mfn~n’Vs %
1234vH;kldze
?kVd 1
Hkkf’kd O;ogkjkps Lo:I letkowu ?ksowu Hkk’kkfoKkukpk brj vH;kl{ks=k”kh
vl.kkjk lac/a k rikl.ks
vk/kqfud Hkk’kkfoKkukpk ejkBh Hkk’ksP;k lanHkkZr ifjp; d:u ?ks.ks
Lou] :i] okD;] vFkZ ;k ladYiuk ejkBhP;k lanHkkZr rikl.ks
Hkk’kkH;kli)rh] Hkk’kkdqy ladYiuk lektHkk’kkfoKku] ejkBhP;k cksyh o
frpk “kCnlaxzg ;kapk ifjp; d:u ?ks.ks
Hkkf’kd O;ogkjkps Lo:I
• Hkkf’kd vkf.k Hkk’ksrj laçs’k.k
• QsfnZuka&n&lksL;wj % Hkkf’kd O;oLFkk (Langue) o Hkkf’kd orZu (Parole)
• ukse pkWELdh % Hkkf’kd {kerk (Competence)o Hkkf’kd ç;ksx (Performance)
• ysuMZ CyweQhYM % okfpd orZu (Verbal Behaviour)
• mPpkj vkf.k ys[ku
19
?kVd 2
o.kZukRed ok lajpukoknh Hkk’kkfoKku
• Lou&Lofue&Loukarj] Lofuefuf”prhph rÙos]
Lofue fofu;ksxkps çdkj]
/ofulkE;rk o dkVdljhps rÙo]
Lofuekps çdkj]
ejkBh LofueO;oLFkk
• :i &:fie & :fidkarj
LofuekJ;h o :fiekJ;h :fidkUrjs]
“kwU; :fidkUrj]
:fiekaps çdkj]
fodkjlj.kh % opu] fyax] foHkDrh(
in?kVuk % çR;;] lekl] vH;Lr ins
• okD;foU;kl
“kCnca/k] miokD;] okD; % rhu jpuk] çFkeksifLFkr ?kVd]
dk;kZRed çoxZ % drkZ&deZ&fØ;kin
• vFkZfoU;kl
vFkkZps Lo:i o O;k[;k]
vFkkZps çdkj]
vFkZ{ks= ladYiuk
?kVd 3
Hkk’kkH;kl i)rh
• Hkk’kkH;kl (Philology) % Lo:i o fo”ks’k
• ,sfrgkfld] rqyukRed vkf.k o.kZukRed Hkk’kkH;kl i)rh
?kVd 4
Hkk’kkfoKku o brj vH;kl{ks=s
• “kSyhfoKku ¼/ouh] “kCn] vFkZ] okD; ;k ikrGhoj½
• dks”kfoKku
• Hkk’kkarjehekalk
• euksfoKku
• Ekkuooa”kfoKku
• mi;ksftr Hkk’kkfoKku
?kVd 5
?kVd 6
lektHkk’kkfoKku
• lekt]laLd`rh vkf.k Hkk’kk ;kapk lglac/a k
• Hkkf’kd lkis{krkokn vkf.k U;wufl)kar
• lektHkk’kkfoKkukrhy fofo/k ladYiuk ¼Hkkf’kd HkkaMkj] Hkkf’kd çHkko{ks=]
Hkkf’kd laidZ] Hkk’kk O;ogkj] }SHkkf’kdrk] cgqHkkf’kdrk] Hkk’kkfeJ.k] Hkk’kkcny]
Hkk’kkfuf’k)rk] Hkk’kk”kq)h] Hkk’kkçnw’k.k] fL=;kaph o iq:’kkaph Hkk’kk½
• y?kq{ks=s
Hkk’kkdqy vkf.k ejkBh
• Hkk’kkdqy ladYiuk
• Hkk’kkaps oxhZdj.k vkf.k txkrhy çeq[k Hkk’kkdqys
• baMks&;qjksfivu Hkk’kkdqy
• vk;ZHkkjrh; Hkk’kkdqy
• varoZrZwG &cfgoZrwZG fl)kar vkf.k ejkBh
20
?kVd 7
çek.kHkk’kk vkf.k cksyh
• Hkk’kkfoKku vkf.k cksyh Hkwxksy
• fiftu o fØvkWy Hkk’kk ladYiuk
• cksyhfufeZrhph dkj.ks o fo”ks’k
• cksyhpk vH;kl % dksd.kh] vfgjk.kh] oÚgkMh
?kVd 8
ejkBhojhy vU; Hkk’kkapk çHkko
• Hkkf’kd laØe.k] vknku&çnkukps Lo:i o dkj.ks
• ejkBhoj nzkfoMh ¼dUuM] rsyxw] rkehG½] laLd`r] Qk”khZ] baxzth o fganh
;k Hkk’kkapk çHkko
ewyHkwr okpu
1- vk/kqfud Hkk’kkfoKku % fl)kar vkf.k mi;kstu
2- /ofufopkj
3- Hkk’kk % bfrgkl vkf.k Hkwxksy
4- Hkk’kk vkf.k laLd`rh
5- ejkBhpk Hkkf’kd vH;kl
6- lektHkk’kkfoKku % çeq[k ladYiuk
7- ejkBh Hkk’kk% mn~xe vkf.k fodkl
8- Hkk’kk vkf.k Hkk’kk”kkL=
9- Hkk’kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk’kk
fefyan eky”ks
MkW-uk-xks- dkysydj
MkW-uk-xks- dkysydj
MkW-uk-xks- dkysydj
laiknd MkW-eq-Jh- dkuMs
MkW-jes”k oj[ksMs
Ñ- iak- dqyd.khZ
MkW-Jh-u- xtsæa xMdj
MkW-vfuy xoGh
iwjd okpu
1- o.kZukRed Hkk’kkfoKku % Lo:i vkf.k
i)rh
2- Hkk’kkfoKku % lkekU;] ljapukoknh o
lkekftd
3- lkekftd Hkk’kkfoKku %
4- ,sfrgkfld Hkk’kk”kkL=
5- oS[kjh % Hkk’kk vkf.k Hkk’kkO;ogkj
6- vokZphu ejkBh
7- o`f) % Hkk’ksps o Hkk’kkH;klkps fodlu
8- Hkk’kkfopkj vkf.k ejkBh Hkk’kk
laiknd çHkkdj tks”kh] pk:rk xks[kys
MkW-j-jk- xkslkoh
MkW-v”kksd dsGdj
MkW-jes”k /kksx
a Ms
fnus”k ekgwydj
MkW-xa-c- xzkeksik/;s
lnaHkZ
123456-
MkW-egsna z dne
pa-n- bankiwjdj
MkW-lqgkfluh yn~nw
MkW-xa-uk- tksxGsdj
v”kksd dsGdj
MkW-“kf”kdkar yks[kaMs
xzFa k
ejkBhps o.kZukRed Hkk’kkfoKku
ejkBh Hkk’kk % O;oLFkk o v/;kiu
ejkBhP;k çek.kHkk’ksps Lo:i
vfHkuo Hkk’kkfoKku
e/;ek
izxr Hkk’kkfoKku
laiknd % dY;k.k dkGs] vatyh lkse.k
laiknd %dY;k.k dkGs] vatyh lkse.k
21
vH;klif=dk Øekad 6
,dk ok³~e;çdkjkpk
e;çdkjkpk vH;kl % dknacjh
mfn~n’Vs %
12345vH;kldze
?kVd 1
?kVd 2 %
?kVd
?kVd
?kVd
?kVd
?kVd
?kVd
3
4
5
6
7
8
%
%
%
%
%
%
dknacjh ok³~e;çdkjkpk ifjp; d:u ns.ks
dkancjh ok³~e;çdkjkph ladYiuk] çdkj o leh{kk letkowu ns.ks
ejkBh dknacjhP;k leh{ksph okVpky letwu ?ks.ks
fo|kF;kZea /;s dknacjhfo’k;d leh{kspk n`f’Vdks.k ok<hl yko.ks
useysY;k dknacjhps fofo/k ?kVdkuqlkj foospu & fo”ys’k.k d:u
fu’d’kZ dk<.ks
dknacjh % O;k[;k] fo”ks’k] çdkj] dknacjhps ?kVd o dknacjhph leh{kk
• çdkj % ,sfrgkfld] lkekftd] çknsf”kd] pfj=kRed] vkRedFkukRed
• ?kVd % 1- dFkkud 2- ik= 3-fuosnu 4- vkRekfo’dkj
5- dkykodk”k 6- Hkk’kk
• leh{kk % 1- fo-dk- jktokMs 2- uk-lh-QMds 3- dqlqekorh ns”kikaMs
4- ujgj dq:na dj 5- m’kk gLrd 6- paædkar ckafnoMsdj 7-Hkkypaæ
usekMs 8- foykl lkjax 9- gfj”paæ Fkksjkr
useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrh
• otzk?kkr % g-uk- vkiVs
• <<~<k”kkL=h ijkUus % eqdaqn ikVhy
• cGh % foHkkojh f”k:jdj
• /kx % m)o “ksGds
• cW-vfu:) ?kksis”ojdj % HkkÅ ik/;s
• iks[kj.k % ds”ko esJke
• jhVk osfy.kdj % “kkark xks[kys
• ukeq’dhps Loxr % jaxukFk iBkjs
ewyHkwr okpu
1- ejkBh dknacjh
2345678-
paædkar ckafnoMsdj] fparu vkf.k leh{kk] esgrk
ifCyf”kax gkÅl] iq.ks] 1983
dknacjh vkf.k ejkBh dknacjh m’kk gLrd] lkfgR;lsok çdk”ku] vkSjx
a kckn] 1993
VhdkLo;aoj
Hkkypaæ usekMs] lkdsr çdk”ku] vkSjx
a kckn] 1990
dknacjhfo’k;h
gfj”paæ Fkksjkr] in~exa/kk izdk”ku] iq.ks 2006
lexz jktOkkMs lkfgR;
fo-dk- jktokMs] [kaM 13 ok e/khy dknacjh gk ys[k
¼1902 e/khy½
dknacjh
fo-dk- jktokMs] vkuan izsl] lkrkjk] 1928
ejkBh lkfgR; % izj.s kk o Lo#i xks-ek- iokj] e-n- gkrd.kaxysdj ¼laik-½ ikWI;qyj
izdk”ku] eqca bZ] 1986
ejkBh dknacjh
dqlqekorh ns”kikaM]s ifgys “krd] eaq-e-lk- la?k] eaqcbZ]
nq-vk- 1975
22
iwjd
123-
okpu
dknacjh % ,d ok³~e;izdkj
ejkBh uodknacjh
ejkBh dknacjh % ra= vkf.k fodkl
45-
dknacjh
lkBksRrjh ejkBh leh{kk
67-
ejkBhrhy izk;ksfxd dknacjh vkf.k
“;ke euksgj
ejkBh dknacjhrhy uSfrdrk
8910-
lkfgR; vkf.k lkekftd lanHkZ
dknacjh laokn
ejkBh dknacjh % leh{kk
lanHkZ
1- /kkj vkf.k dkB
23-
ejkBh izknsf”kd dknacjh % ra= vkf.k
Lo:i
dknacjh leh{kk
4-
ok³~e;hu lanHkZ vkf.k voyksdu
567-
ok³~e;hu vkdyu
ejkBh dknacjhph lekt”kkL=h; leh{kk
lkfgR;kps ekunaM
8-
xzkeh.klkfgR; % Lo:i vkf.k leL;k
9-
xsY;k v/kZ”krdkrhy ejkBh dknacjh
10-
ejkBh dknacjh % vkLokn ;k=k
11-
leh{ksph uoh :is
12-
izfr’Bku
tkUgoh lar] eks?ks izdk”ku] dksYgkiwj] 1971
foykl lkjax] vuq’VqHk] tkus&Qsczq] 1983
iz-ok-ckiV] uk-ok-xksMcksys ¼laiknd½] fOgul]
iq.ks 1973
y-x- tksx] fpjatho xzFa k izdk”ku] iq.ks 1963
ds”ko lnz]s xkseard ejkBh vdkneh] i.kth]
1996
fd”kksj lkui] ctkt ifOyds”ku] vejkorh]
1998
fd”kksj lkui] ctkt ifCyds”ku] vejkorh]
1998
vatyh lkse.k] izfrek izdk”ku] iq.ks 1989
MkW-iafMr Vkijs] in~exa/kk izdk”ku]
ikVhy rkukth jkÅ] Mk;eaM ifCyds”ku
iq.ks] 2009
ujgj dq:na dj] ns”keq[k vkf.k daiuh] iq.ks
1971
enu dqyd.khZ] Jh-eax”s k izdk”ku] ukxiwj]
1984
Jh-ek-dqyd.khZ] mUes’k izdk”ku] ukxiwj
1972
lkseukFk dksejiar] fe= izdk”ku]
QksM
a k&xksok] 1992
jk-x- tk/ko] ikWI;qyj izdk”ku] eqca bZ 1977
johanz Bkdwj] fnyhijkt izdk”ku] iq.ks] 2007
xaxk/kj xkMxhG] ikWI;qyj izdk”ku] eqca bZ]
1962
vkuan ;kno] esgrk ifCyf”kax gkÅl] iq.ks]
1979
foykl [kksys ¼laiknd½] yksdokM(e;x`g]
eaqcbZ] 2002
fot;k jktk/;{k ¼laiknd½] ikWI;qyj
izdk”ku] eqca bZ
ikVhy xaxk/kj ¼;k iqLrdkrhy
dknacjhfo’k;d loZ ys[k ½
1981
23
vH;klif=dk
vH;klif=dk Øekad 7
e/;;qxhu ejkBh ok³~e;
e; % x| vkf.k i|
mfn~’Vs %
12345-
e/;;qxhu ejkBh ok³~e;iajijk] izsj.kk] izo`Rrh o jpukizdkj ;kapk
ifjp; d:u ns.ks;k dky[kaMkrhy lkekftd] /kkfeZd o lkaLÑfrd ik”oZHkweh vkf.k
xzFa kfufeZrh ;kapk vuqc/a k Li’V dj.ks;k dky[kaMkrhy x|ok³~e;kpk o rRdkyhu ejkBhP;k Lo#ikpk
ifjp; d:u ns.ks;k dky[kaMkrhy i|ok³~e;kps Lo:i o oSf”k’V;s ;kapk ifjp; d:u
ns.ksegkuqHkko ok³~e;] larok³~e;] iafMrhok³~e; “kkfgjhok³~e;
o c[kj ok³~e; ;k fn”ksus e/;;qxhu ok³~e;kpk >kysyk fodkl
o okVpky ;kapk vk<kok ?ks.ks-
useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrh
1- JhxksfoanizHkw pfj= %
234-
JhKkus”ojh] v/;k; 12 ok
,dukFkkaph fuMd Hkk:Ms %
eukps “yksd %
5-
lar cfg.kkckbZp
a h vHkaxok.kh %
67-
ne;arh Lo;aoj %
iSt
a .k %
8-
HkkÅlkgsckaph c[kj %
vH;kldze
?kVd 1
laik- MkW-fo-fHk- dksyrs]
v:.k izdk”ku] eydkiwj] 1972
laiknd n-lh- iax]w Oghul izdk”ku] iq.ks
laiknd olar tks”kh] esgrk izdk”ku] iq.ks 1994
laiknd ds-fo- csyljs] leFkZ lsok eaMG]
lTtuxM] lkrkjklaik- izk-HkSjo dqHa kkj MkW-vfuy xoGh] fgj.;ds”kh
izdk”ku] dksYgkiwj] 2007
laik-v- dk- fiz;ksGdj] Oghul izdk”ku] iq.ks] 1978
laik-e- uk- vnoar] lkfgR; izlkj dsanz] ukxiwj]
1982
laik-Hkhejko dqyd.khZ vueksy izdk”ku] iq.ks] 1985
JhxksfoanizHkw pfj=
• EgkbaHkV % ok³~e;hu dk;Z
• JhxksfoanizHkwpfj= % Lo:i o fo”ks’k
• JhxksfoanizHkw vorkj fo”ks’k
• JhxksfoanizHkw pfj=krhy lektthou
• JhxksfoanizHkwpfj= % Hkk’kkfo”ks’k
• JhxksfoanizHkwpfj= % vk”k; lkSan;Z
• JhxksfoanizHkwpfj= % rÙoKku vkf.k vkpkj/keZ
a fp=.ks
• JhxksfoanizHkwpfj= % O;fDrfp=.ks o izlx
24
?kVd 2
?kVd 3
?kVd 4
?kVd 5
?kVd 6
JhKkus”ojh % v/;k; 12 ok
• Kkunsopfj= o ok³~
ok³~e;hu dk;Z
• Kkunso % ukFkla
ukFklaiznk; vkf.k okjdjh laiznk;
• Kkunsokaps rÙoKku
rÙoKku
• Kkunsokaps ln~xq:Lrou
:Lrou
• HkfDrekxZ o ;ksxekxkZps
ps foospu
• vkn”kZ HkDrkph y{k.ks
y{k.ks
• vtqZu] JhÑ’.k O;fDrfp=s
O;fDrfp=s
• dkO;lkSna ;Z % izfrek] izrhds] vyadkj
• Hkk’kk”kSyh
• Kkunsodkyhu lektthou
,dukFkkaph fuoMd Hkk:Ms
• lar ,dukFkkaps pfj= o ok³~
ok³~e;hu dk;Z
• Hkk:Mkaph fofo/krk
• Hkk:Mkapk vk”k;
• mins”k o v/;kRe
v/;kRe ;kapk leUo;
eukps “yksd
• jkenklkaps pfj= o ok³~
ok³~e;hu dk;Z
• eukps “yksd e/khy vk”k;
• HkDrh o cks/k
• lxq.k
.k fuxZq.kkrhy “kq) Lo#i vkf.k QyJq
QyJqrh
lar cfg.kkckbZp
a h vHkaxok.kh
• cfg.kkckbZp
a s pfj= o ok³~
ok³~e;hu dk;Z
• lar rqdkjke o cfg.kkckbZa
• okjdjh laiznk; o cfg.kkckbZa
• cfg.kkckbZua h lkafxrysyh xq:&f”k’; y{k.ks
• cfg.kkckbZp
a k mins”k
a s rÙoKku
• cfg.kkckbZp
rÙoKku o HkDrh
• cfg.kkckbZPa ;k vHkaxkrwu vkysys rRdkyhu lektthou
• cfg.kkckbZp
a s vHkax % dkO;lkSna ;Z
• cfg.kkckbZp
a s rsjk tUe
• cfg.kkckbZPa ;k lanHkkZrhy
rhy okn vFkok er&erkarjs
ne;arh Lo;aoj
• j?kqukFk iafMrkaps o ok³~
ok³~e;hu dk;Z
• laLÑr iapegkdkO;s o ejkBh vk[;kudkO;s ;kapk lac/a k
• uS’k/kh; pfjr o ne;arh Lo;aoj
• ne;arh Lo;a
Lo;aoj % vk”k;lkSna ;Z
• ne;arh Lo;aoj %izlx
a fp=.ks o O;fDrfp=.ks
• ne;arh Lo;aojkph Hkk’kk
• ne;arh Lo;aojkrhy o`Ùkjpuk
kjpuk
• ne;arh Lo;aoj % o.kZu”kSyh
• ne;arh Lo;aojkps
jkps ejkBh Lo;aoj dkO;krhy
dkO;krhy osxGsi.k] oSf”k’V;s-
25
?kVd 7
iSt
a .k
• ejkBhrhy “kkfgjh ok³~e;kps LFkku
• ejkBh yko.kh % jlkfo’dkj] vyadkj&l`’Vh o “kSyh
• “kkghj jketks”kh ;kaph yko.kh % Lo:i o oSf”k’VÓs
• “kkghj vuarQanh ;kaph yko.kh % Lo:i o oSf”k’VÓs
• “kkghj gksukth ckGk ;kaph ykko.kh % Lo:i o oSf”k’VÓs
• “kkghj ij”kjke ;kaph yko.kh % Lo:i o oSf”k’V;s
• “kkghj izHkkdj ;kaph yko.kh % Lo:i o oSf”k’V;s
• “kkghj lxuHkkÅ ;kaph yko.kh % Lo:i o oSf”k’V;s
?kVd 8
HkkÅlkgsckaph c[kj
• ejkBhrhy c[kj ok³~e;kps LFkku
• c[kjhaps lkfgR;Ñrh Eg.kwu ewY;ekiu
• HkkÅlkgsckaP;k c[kjhps ,sfrgkfld egÙo
a fp=.ks
• HkkÅlkgsckaP;k c[kjhrhy O;fDrfp=.ks vkf.k izlx
• HkkÅlkgsckaph c[kj % Hkk’kkfo”ks’k o o.kZu”kSyh
• HkkÅlkgsckaP;k c[kjhrwu izfrfcafcr >kysys rRdkyhu jktdh; o
lkekftd thou
ewyHkwr okpu
1- JhxksfoanizHkw pfj=]
23456-
egkuqHkkoh; ejkBh okM(e;
JhKkus”ojh
lkFkZ JhKkus”ojh
JhKkus”ojh
cfg.kkckbZp
a k xkFkk
789-
j?kqukFk iafMrkps dkO;xzFa k
eÚgkBh yko.kh
izkphu ejkBh x| % izsj.kk
vkf.k iajijk
c[kj ok³~e;
1011121314-
laik-czãkuan ns”kikaM]s dSyk”k ifCyds”kUl]
vkSjx
a iqjk] vkSjx
a kckn] 1999
MkW-ok-uk- ns”kikaM]s Oghul izdk”ku] iq.ks 1960
ljdkjh izr
laik-ekeklkgsc nkaMd
s j
laik-ika-uk- dqyd.khZ] f”kokth fo|kihB] izdk”ku
laik-MkW-“kkfyuh tkoMsdj] dkWfUVusUVy izdk”ku]
iq.ks 1979
laik- ckiV gfj f=acd] eukgsj izsl] iq.ks 1909
laik-e-ok- /kksM
a
MkW-Jh-ja- dqyd.khZ esgrk ifCyf”kax gkÅl iq.ks
1991
xa-c-xzkeksik/;s] eaqcbZ ejkBh xzFa klaxzgky;] eaqcbZ
1955
“ka- nk- isM
a ls] ukxiwj izdk”ku] ukxiwj 1971
laik- xa- ck- ljnkj] ekWMuZ cqd Msiks] iq.ks 1972
y-jk- ikaxkjdj] <oGs izdk”ku] fr- vk- eqca bZ
laik-n-v- vkiVs fdatoMsdj] jk-n- fp=”kkGk
izdk”ku] iq.ks
lar ,dukFk
jkenkl n”kZu
JhleFkZ xzFa k HkkaMkj
Jh,dukFk egkjktkaP;k
vHkaxkph xkFkk
iwjd okpu
1- egkuqHkko iaFk vkf.k R;kaps okM(e;
2- egkuqHkkoh; ejkBh okM(e;
3- egkuqHkko x|
4- JhxksfoanizHkw fo’k; lkfgR; %“kks/k vkf.k
leh{kk
“ka-xks- rqGiqGs
;-[kq- ns”kikaM]s ;orekG
laik-MkW-“ka-xks- rqGiqGs
MkW-vfouk”k vkoyxkodj
26
5-
egkuqHkkokapk vkpkj/keZ
67891011121314-
JhKkus”oj pfj=] xazFk o rÙoKku
Kkus”oj dkO; vkf.k dkO;fopkj
izkphu ejkBh iafMrh dkO;
ne;arh Lo;aojk[;ku
ejkBh yko.kh ok³~e;
egkuqHkkokapk vkpkj/keZ
HkkÅlkgsckaph c[kj
,dukFkh Hkk:M ¼Hkkx 1&2½
,dukFkkaph Hktus
15-
eukscks/kke`r ¼JhHkkÅ egkjkt menhdj
;kaP;k fooj.kklg½
lanHkZ
12345678-
xzFa k
egkuqHkko lkfgR; % “kks/klapkj
egkuqHkko lkfgR; la”kks/ku] [kaM&1
pØik.kh
egkuqHkko rÙoKku
izkphu ejkBh vk[;ku dfork
ejkBh vk[;ku dfork
JhKkus”ojkaps rÙoKku
JhKkus”ojh % Lo:i] rÙoKku vkf.k
dkO;
JhKkus”ojh % Lo:i] rÙoKku vkf.k
dkO;
Kkus”ojkaps fparu
Kkus”ojkaps dkO;”kkL=
ejkBh “kkghj vkf.k “kkfgjh ok³~e;
ejkBh c[kj
ejkBh c[kj ok³~e; % mn; vkf.k
fodkl
ekxksok
Kkus”ojkaps thoun”kZu
okjdjh laiznk; vkf.k larlkfgR;
izkphu ejkBhrhy LQqV vk[;ku
dkO;kapk vH;kl
izkphu ejkBh v[;ku dfork
ejkBh “kkfgjh ok³~e;hu
jkenkl % ok³~e; vkf.k dk;Z
leFkZ n”kZu
,dukFkkps pfj=
yksdlkfgR;dkj ,dukFk
Jhlar ,dukFk
Jh,dukFk egkjktkaph Hkk:Ms
jkenkln”kZu
9101112131415161718192021222324252627-
laik-Jhd`’.kewrhZ] ukxiwjdj mn; izdk”ku]
1985
“ka-ok- nkaMd
s j
o-fn- dqyd.khZ
ds-uk- okVos
lksuh] Hkkypaæ] Oghul izdk”ku] iq.ks
MkW-xaxk/kj eksjts
MkW-fo-fHk- dksyrs] v:.k izdk”ku ¼cqy<k.kk½
laik-eq-Jh- dkuMs
ikBd izdk”ku] eqca bZ] 1969
laik- fouksck Hkkos] ija/kke izdk”ku] ioukj]
1972
laik-iz- g- dqyd.khZ
MkW-vfouk”k vkoyxkodj
MkW-;q-e- iBk.k
MkW-jk-fpa-<sj]s fo”odekZ lkfgR;ky;] iq.ks
laik-MkW-fo-fHk- dksyrs
xtey ekGh
xa-c- xzkeksik/;s
“ka-nk- isM
a ls
u-j- QkVd
e-ok- /kksM
a
m’kk- ek- ns”keq[k
o-fn- dqyd.khZ
;-u- dsGdj
j-fo- gsjokMdj
MkW-ckiwth ladikG
MkW-c-uk- rqjca d
s j
MkW-iz- u- tks”kh
¼laik-½ MkW-f”kokthjko eksfgrs
vuqjk/kk dqyd.khZ
ckiV iz-clgL=cq/ns e-uku- j- QkVd
MkW-eqnxy] vfu:) dqyd.khZ
jktkjke jked`’.k Hkkxor
“ka-xks- rqGiqGs
xks- fu- nkaMd
s j
laik- cMos ck- foxa- ck- ljnkj
27
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad % 8 ¼rhu iSdh ,d½
v- ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
mfn~’Vs %
123456vH;kldze
?kVd 1
?kVd 2
?kVd 3
?kVd 4
?kVd 5
?kVd 6
LoHkk’kk o ijHkk’kk f”k{k.kkrhy lkE;Hksn tk.k.ks
ejkBhP;k “kCnlaxzgkph ltZdrk rikl.ks
Hkk’kk] Hkk’k.k vkf.k Hkk’kkokij ;krhy oSfo/; letkowu ?ks.ks
vuqokn vkf.k :ikarjkps egÙo y{kkr ?ks.ks
lax.kdlaokn o lax.kdh; mi;kstu ;kckcr ekfgrh ?ks.ks
ltZu”khy o lax.kdh; mi;kstu dj.ks
LoHkk’kk vkf.k ijHkk’kkf”k{k.k
• LoHkk’kk vkf.k ijHkk’kk % Lo:i o O;k[;k
• LoHkk’kkf”k{k.k % VIis] vko”;drk] iwoZr;kjh] vMFkGs
• ijHkk’kkf”k{k.k % Lo:i] egÙo] vko”;drk
lkekftd vfHklj.k vkf.k “kCnlaxzg
• lkekftd vfHklj.kkph ladYiuk
• Hkk’kkle`)h o ejkBhpk “kCnlaxzg
• ys[k
1- Jh- e- ekVs % Hkk’kkfHko`)hph lkekftd n`’Vh
2- vk”kk eqM
a ys % Hkk’ksruw fnl.kkjh L=h
3- fo- ok- f”kjokMdj % eyk “kCn |k4- fo- ok- f”kjokMdj % “kCngh gjorkr5- lqeu csyoydj % Hkk’kk & uojkck;dksph
6- Jh- ds- {khjlkxj % v|ki mjysys baxzth jkT;
Hkk’kk vkf.k Hkk’k.k
• Hkk’kk o Hkk’k.k ;kapk lglaca/k & Hksn
• nsgcksyh % Lo:i & fo”ks’k
• Hkk’k.kkph ewyrÙos
Hkk’kkokijkph fofo/krk
• o`Ùki=s
• vkdk”kok.kh
• nwjfp=ok.kh
• foKku
vuqokn vkf.k :ikarj
• vuqokn o :ikarj % Lo:i&Qjd
• vuqokndkps xq.k o iwoZr;kjh
• vuqokn dlk vlkok \ fofo/k vfHkizk; @ er erkarjs
• fofo/k vuqokn % yfyr o yfyrsrj
lax.kdlaokn
• lax.kdkph Hkk’kk
• baVjusV o baVjusVojhy nSfuds] ys[k] dfork
• ikWojikbZVa ] bZ&esy] osclkbZV] CykWx
28
?kVd 7
?kVd 8
•
lax.kdh; mi;kstu
• osclkbZM fufeZrh
• ikWojikbZVa izs>asV”ku
• bZ&esy
• CykWx ys[ku
• yWiVkWipk fofo/kkaxh okij
ltZu”khy mi;kstu
dfork] ckreh] tkfgjkr] mrkjk ;kapk baxzthrwu ejkBhe/;s vuqokn]
:ikarj] vuqltZu
ewyHkwr okpu
1- Hkk’kk % var%lw= vkf.k O;ogkj
2- Hkk’kk % ekr`Hkk’kk vkf.k ijHkk’kk
3- Hkk’kkO;ogkj vkf.k Hkk’kkf”k{k.k
4- nsgcksyh
5- Hkk’kkarjehekalk
678-
lax.kd;qx
Hkk’kk vkf.k thou
foKkukps rÙoKku
910-
baVjusV
Hkk’kkarj
iwjd
123-
okpu
ejkBhps f”k{k.k
o`Rrfo|k
uHkksok.kh dk;Zdze ra= vkf.k
ea=
vkdk”kok.kh
456789-
ejkBh foKku lkfgR;
vk/kqfud ekfgrh ra=KkukP;k
fo”okr
O;kogkfjd ejkBh
tkfgjkrhpa ;qx
vktP;k BGd ckrE;k
lanHkZ xzFa k
1- csyHkk’kk
2345-
laiknd eq-x- ikuls] elki] iq.ks
jk-lks- ljkQ
laiknd MkW-lqjsanz xzkeksik/;s] ekSt] eqca bZ
vatyh isaMls] uhydaB] iq.ks
laiknd dY;k.k dkGs] vatyh lkse.k] izfrek]
iq.ks
vP;qr xksMcksy]s ekSt] eqca bZ
laiknd dY;k.k dkGs] esgrk] iq.ks
laiknd “kjn ns”kikaM]s lnkuan eksj]s xzFa kkyh]
eaqcbZ
MkW-izcks/k pksc]s euksjek] eaqcbZ
MkW-lnk dÚgkMs] yksd ok³~e;] eqca bZ
olar nkorj] yksd ok³~e;] eqca bZ
l-g- ns”kikaMs
iq’ik dk.ks] bafM;k cqd daiuh] iq.ks
fo”odekZ jklfcgkjh] lwpuk ea=ky;] Hkkjr
ljdkj
laiknd e-lq- ixkjs] iz”kkar ifCyds”kUl] iq.ks
nhid f”kdkjiwj] mTToy ejkBs] mRd’kZ] iq.ks
MkW-y-jk- ufljkckndj] QMds] dksYgkiwj
;”kksnk Hkkxor] ekSt] eaqcbZ
MkW-lehj.k okGosdj
lqeu csyoydj] jkT; ejkBh fodkl laLFkk]
eqca bZMkW-n-fn- iqM
a ]s eWtfs LVd] eqca bZ
v”kksd dsGdj
Hk;adj laqnj ejkBh Hkk’kk
e/;ek % Hkk’kk vkf.k
Hkk’kk O;ogkj
“kCnkuqc/a k
“kadj l[kkjke] eWtfs LVd] eqca bZ
ejkBh Hkk’kk % ok< vkf.k fc?kkM Jh-ds-{khjlkxj] jkT; ejkBh fodkl laLFkk]
eqca bZ-
29
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad % 8
c- ejkBh oSpkfjd ok³~e;
e;
mfn~’Vs %
12345vH;kldze
?kVd 1
oSpkfjd ok³~e;kph ladYiuk o Lo:i letkowu ns.ks
oSpkfjd ok³~e;kph rÙos o ewY;s letkowu ns.ks
ejkBh oSpkfjd ok³~e;kpk fodkl o okVpky letkowu ns.ks
,dksf.klkO;k o folkO;k “krdkrhy fopkjoar o ys[kdkaps fopkj
letkowu ns.ks
ejkBh oSpkfjd lkfgR;d`rhe/khy thou&tkf.kok letkowu ns.ks
oSpkfjd ok³~e; % ladYiuk] Lo:i] rÙos vkf.k ewY;s
• rÙos % izcks/ku] O;fDrokn] foosdokn] bgokn vkf.k foKkufu’Bk
• ewY;s % Lokra™;] lerk] ca/kqrk] U;k;] uhrh] lfg’.kqrk] d:.kk
• oSpkfjd ok³~e; fodkl vkf.k okVpky
?kVd 2
“ksrd&;kpk vklwM & tksrhjko Qqys
?kVd 3
L=h iq:’k rqyuk & rkjkckbZ f”kans
?kVd 4
xksikG x.ks”k vkxjdj % fuoMd ys[klaxzg &laik- x-iz- iz/kku]
izfrek izdk”ku] iq.ks-
?kVd 5
“kkgw egkjktkaph Hkk’k.ks & laik- “;ke ;sMd
s j
?kVd 6
cfg"Ñr Hkkjrkrhy vdjk ys[k & laiknd MkW-fparke.k dkacGs
?kVd 7
;qxkarj & ;”koarjko pOgk.k
?kVd 8
/kkxs vkMos mHks & vfuy vopV
ewyHkwr okpu %&
1- “ksrd&;kpk vlwM
2- L=h iq:’k rqyuk
3- vkxjdjkaps ys[klaxzg
4- “kkgw egkjktkaph Hkk’k.ks
5- cfg%LÑr Hkkjrkrhy ys[k
6- ;qxkarj
7- /kkxs vkMos mHks
tksrhjko Qqys
rkjkckbZ f”kans
laiknd x-iz- iz/kku
laiknd “;ke ;sMd
s j
laiknd % izk-fparke.k dkacGs
;”koarjko pOgk.k
vfuy vopV
30
iwjd
12345678910111213-
okpu
nfyr oSpkfjd ok³~e;
vk/kqfud ejkBh okM(e;kpk bfrgkl
iznf{k.kk [kaM & 1 o 2
MkW-ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj vkf.k nfyr
oSpkfjd okM(e;
ejkBh o`Rri=kapk bfrgkl
egkRek Qqys lexz ok³~e;
Hkweh vkf.k Hkwfedk
ØkafrlwDrs %jkt’khZ N=irh “kkgw
jkt’khZ “kkgw Lekjd xkSjo xzFa k
jkt’khZ “kkgw N=irh
ejkBh fuca/k % mn~xe vkf.k fodkl
“kkgw
folkO;k “krdkrhy egkjk’Vª
xaxk/kj ikurko.ks
laik-jk-Jh- tksx o brj] e-lk-i-] iq.ks
laik-vfu:) dqyd.khZ] dkWfUVesUVy] iq.ks
uhydaB “ksj]s lqxkok] iq.ksjk-ds- ysy]s dkWfUVusaVy] iq.ks
laik-;-fn- QMds] e-jk-lk-la-e-] eqacbZ
HkkLdj panu”kho] lkdsr] vkSjx
a kckn
,l-,l- Hkkslys e-jkT; lk-la-ea] eaqcbZlaiknd MkW-t;flaxjko iokj % dksYgkiwjlaiknd MkW-jes”k tk/ko % lqj”s k ,tUlh] iq.ks
fxjh”k eksj]s Lo:i] vkSjaxkckn
Jhjke x- ifpanz]s vuqca/k izdk'ku] iq.ks
;-fn- QMds] ekSt izdk”ku
lanHkZ xzFa k
1- v:.kksn;
234567891011121314-
ejkBh fuca/k
vk/kqfud ejkBh okM(e;kph lkaLÑfrd
ik”oZHkweh
folkO;k “krdkrhy egkjk’Vª [kaM 1 rs 8
ckck in~euth] ckWca s VªWDl o cqd lkslk;Vh]
eaqcbZ
e-ek-vGrsdj] lqfopkj] iq.ks
xks-e- dqyd.khZ] esgrk] iq.ks
;-fn- QMds] Jhfo|k] iq.ks
ekSt izdk”ku] x`g] eaqcbZcnyrk Hkkjr
Hkkuw dkGs] ekSt] eqca bZejkBh x|kpk baxzth vorkj
n-ok- iksrnkj] Oghul] iq.ks
ejkBh fuca/kkph okVpky
“ka-xks- rqGiqG]s fonHkZ ejkBokMk cqd daiuh]
ukxiwj
vokZphu ejkBh x|kph iwoZihfBdk
xa-ck- ljnkj] ekWMZu] eaqcbZ
vokZphu ejkBh ok³~e; lsod
xa-ns- [kkuksydj] Oghul] iq.ks
ejkBh fuca/k & y?kqfuca/k %Lo:i o foospu fo-ika- o paædkar nsÅGxkodj] esgrk] iq.ks
ejkBh y?kqfuca/kkpk tud dks.k \
uk-lh-QMds] dqyd.khZ xzFa kkxkj] iq.ks
lektifjorZukP;k fn”kk
tuknZu ok?kekjs] lkdsr vkSjx
a kckn
,dksf.klkO;k “krdkrhy ejkBh x| [kaM 1 o 2
laik-HkkLdj y{e.k HkksGs] lkfgR; vdknseh
Rajashri Shahu Research Paper
Volume No. 1 to 10
Dr. Vilas Sangave, Shahu Research
Center Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
31
,sfPNd fo”ks’k vH;klif=dk Øekad % 8
d- yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k foKku lkfgR;
mfn~n’Vs %
123456vH;kldze
?kVd 1
yksdfiz; o foKku lkfgR;kph ladYiuk o Lo:i letkowu ?ks.ks
ejkBhrhy yksdfiz; o foKku lkfgR;kph vksG[k d:u ?ks.ks
ejkBhrhy yksdfiz; o foKku lkfgR;kP;k izsj.kk] mxe] okVpky
vkf.k fodkl tk.kwu ?ks.ks
ejkBhrhy yksdfiz; o foKku lkfgR;kps fo”ks’k tk.kwu ?ks.ks
yksdfiz; lkfgR;] foKku lkfgR; vkf.k yfyr lkfgR; ;krhy
lkE;Hksn letkowu ?ks.ks
yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k foKku lkfgR; ;kaP;k jpukra=kps fo”ks’k
tk.kwu ?ks.ks
v½ yksdfiz; lkfgR; ladYiuk] Lo:i o fo”ks’k
• yksdfiz; lkfgR; % ladYiuk
• yksdfiz; lkfgR;kps Lo:i
• dykRed lkfgR;] lhekorhZ lkfgR; vkf.k yksdfiz; lkfgR;
• yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k yfyr lkfgR; ;krhy lkE;Hksn
• yksdfiz; lkfgR; dykÑrhps jpukra=
• yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k ok³~e;hu O;ogkj
• yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k okpdkaph vfHk:ph
• yksdfiz; lkfgR;kps izdkj
• yksdfiz; lkfgR;kps fo”ks’k
c½ ejkBh yksdfiz; lkfgR;kph okVpky vkf.k fodkl
• ejkBh yksdfiz; lkfgR;kP;k izsj.kk
• ejkBh yksdfiz; lkfgR;kpk mxe
• ejkBh yksdfiz; lkfgR;kph okVpky
• ejkBh yksdfiz; lkfgR;krhy dFkk] dknacjhps Lo:i
• ejkBh yksdfiz; lkfgR;krhy fo’k;kPkk lkpscani.kk
• ejkBh yksdfiz; lkfgR;kpk fodkl
•yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh okpd
useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrh
?kVd 2Hkkyw
?kVd 3?kj gjoysyh ek.kla
?kVd 4dY;k.kh
ckck dne
o- iq- dkGs
T;ksRLuk nso/kj
32
?kVd 5
v½ foKku lkfgR; ladYiuk] Lo:i o fo”ks’k
• foKku lkfgR; % ladYiuk
• foKku lkfgR;kps Lo:i
• foKku] oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k vkf.k foKku lkfgR;
• foKku lkfgR; vkf.k yfyr lkfgR; ;krhy lkE;Hksn
• foKku lkfgR; % dykÑrhps jpukra=
• foKku lkfgR; % lekt/kkj.ksojhy ifj.kke
• foKku lkfgR;kph ifjHkk’kk vkf.k ykfyR;
• foKku lkfgR;kps fo”ks’k
c½ ejkBh foKku lkfgR;kph okVpky vkf.k fodkl
• ejkBh foKku lkfgR;kP;k izsj.kk
• ejkBh foKku lkfgR;kpk mxe
• ejkBh foKku lkfgR;kph okVpky
• tkxfrd foKku lkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh foKku lkfgR;
• Lokra™;ksRrj oSKkfud izxrh vkf.k ejkBh lkfgR;
• foKkura=Kkukrhy izxrh vkf.k ejkBh ek.kwl
• foKku;qx] lax.kd;qx vkf.k lkfgR;
• ejkBh foKkulkfgR;kpk fodkl
• ejkBh foKku lkfgR;krhy dFkk] dknacjhps Lo:i
• ejkBh foKku lkfgR;krhy fo’k;kph fofo/krk
• foKku lkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh okpd
useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrh
?kVd 6 vHk;kj.;
?kVd 7 vkdk”kHkkfdrs
t;ar ukjGhdj] ekSt izdk”ku] eqca bZ
lqcks/k tkoMsdj] jfojkt ifCyf”kax] iq.ks
?kVd 8
ek/kqjh “kkuHkkx] jktgal] iq.ks-
czus osOg~t
ewyHkwr okpu
1- Hkkyw
2- ?kj gjoysyh ek.kla
3- dY;k.kh
4- vHk;kj.;
5- vkdk”k Hkkfdrs
6- czus osOg~t
7- foKku] ejkBh vkf.k foKku ok³~e;
8- foKku lkfgR;fo”o
9- ejkBh foKku lkfgR;
10- foKku lkfgR; vkf.k ladYiuk
ckck dne
o- iq- dkGs
T;ksRLuk nso/kj
t;ar ukjGhdj
lqcks/k tkoMsdj] jfojkt] iq.ksek/kqjh “kkuHkkx] jktgal] iq.ksfujatu ?kkVs in~exa/kk izdk”ku] iq.ksfujatu ?kkVs] vfHkuqtk izdk”ku] iq.ks
laik-e-lq- ixkjs] iz”kkar izdk”ku] iq.ks
o-fn- dqyd.khZ] fujatu ?kkVs] fugkjk
izdk”ku] iq.ks
33
iwjd
123456789-
okpu %&
foKkukps rŸoKku
vk/kqfud foKkukps Lo:i
oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k vkf.k vki.k
foKku % mn; o fodkl
tkos foKkukP;k xkok
foKkukph x:M>si
foKkuos/k
foKkuxaxp
s h vo[kG oG.ks
dknacjhdkj v:.k lk/kw ¼foKku
dknacjh i`-284&317½
lanHkZ xzFa k
1- lkfgR;kpk vodk”k
2- vk/kqfud ejkBh lkfgR; vkf.k
lkekftdrk
3- ejkBh dFksph fLFkrhxrh
4- dknacjh vkf.k ejkBh dknacjh
5- VhdkLo;aoj
6- lkfgR; izR;;
7- ns”khok.k
8- yksdfiz; lkfgR; fo”ks’kkad
9- yksdfiz; okM(e;
10- okM(e;hu laKk ladYiuk dks”k
11- foKku lkfgR; ejkBh okM(e;
dks”k] ¼[kaM 4½
12- foKku lkfgR; vkf.k ladYiuk
13- lkfgR; vkf.k foKku
14- foKkudFkk % Lo:i vkf.k
leh{kk
15- ejkBhrhy fuoMd dFkk
16- os/kd foKkudFkk
17- foKku ;qx
18- foKku dFkk fo”ks’kkad
laik ns”kikaM]s xks[kys eksj]s xzFa kkyh 2007
fparke.kh ns”keq[k] ekSt izdk”ku] eqca bZ
lq/khj ikuls] yksdokM(e;] eaqcbZ
iz-u- tks”kh] lu ifCyds”ku] iq.ks
ckG QksM
a ds] jfojkt izdk”ku] iq.ks
t;ar ukjGhdj] Jhfo|k izdk”ku] iq.ks
eksgu vkiVs] jktgal izdk”ku] iq.ks
t;ar ukjGhdj] euksfodkl izdk”ku] iq.ks
MkW-jkenkl baxGs] fpUe;] vkSjx
a kckn iz- vk2000ukxukFk dksRkkiYys] izfrek izdk”ku] iq.ks
laik-e`.kkfyuh “kgk] fo|kxkSjh fVGd] in~exa/kk
izdk”ku] iq.ks
vatyh lkse.k
m’kk gLrd
Hkkpyanz usekMs
HkkLdj HkksGs
panzdkar ckafnoMsdj
ifjorZukpk okVl: fnokGh vad 1999
yfyr ekpZ] 1999
laik-olar Mgkds] izHkk x.kksjdj
laik-fot;k jktk/;{k
laik-o-fn- dqyd.khZ] fujatu ?kkVs] fogkj] iq.ks
vuq-jk-fHk- tks”kh] e-jk-lk-ls-ea- eqca bZ
lkonsdj] fo”os”oj] “kydk izdk”ku] eqacbZ
fujatu ?kkVs ¼izLrkouk½ Lusgo/kZu] iq.ks
laik-tkslQ
s rqLdkuks ¼izLrkouk½ faMia y] eqca bZ
okf’kZd fnokGh vad 1986] foKkudFkk fo”ks’kkad
egkjk’Vª lkfgR; if=dk] vkWDVksca j & fMlacs j 2006-
34
f”kokth fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj
,e,e-,- ejkBh ¼lq/kkfjr½ vH;klØe
oxZ % ,e
,e-,- Hkkx& 1
iz”uif=dsps Lo:i o xq.kfoHkkx.kh
¼twu 2010 iklwu lq/kkjhr gks.kk&;k vH;kldzekadfjrk½
vH;klif=dk Øekad 1 % lkfgR;fopkj] leh{kk vkf.k lkSna ;Z”kkL=
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5
lwpuk 1- oLrqfu’B iz”u useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrhoj vl.kkj ukghr2- iz”u 4 ^v* o ^c* gs useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrhaps leh{kk i)rhauqlkj
mi;kstukps iz”u vlrhy-
vH;klif=dk Øekad 2 % ,dk ys[kdkpk vH;kl
e/;;qxhu % rqdkjke
vokZphu % Hkkypaæ usekMs
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5-
35
vH;klif=dk Øekad 3 % ejkBh ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl % bb-l- 1800 rs 1980
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5
lwpuk
1- izR;sd ?kVdkoj fdeku nksu oLrqfu’B iz”u vlrhy2- ?kVd 2] 7 o 8 oj nh?kksZRrjh iz”u fopkjys tk.kkj ukghr-
vH;klif=dk Øekad 4 v % ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5lwpuk
iz”u 4 Fkk ^v* o ^c* % gk ?kVd Øaekad 7 vkf.k 8 oj mi;kstukpk vlsy
36
vH;klif=dk Øekad 4 c % ejkBh ok³~e;hu pGoGhapk vH;kl
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5
lwpuk
1- oLrqfu’B iz”u useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrhaoj 10 iz”u vkf.k ok³~e;hu
pGoGhaoj 10 iz”u vlrhy
2- iz”u Øekad 5 gk ok³~e;hu pGoGhaoj vlsy
vH;klif=dk Øekad 4 d % yksdlkfgR; vkf.k ejkBh yksdlkfgR;
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5-
37
f”kokth fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj
,e,e-,- ejkBh ¼lq/kkfjr½ vH;klØe
oxZ % ,e,e-,- Hkkx& 2
iz”uif=dsps Lo:i o xq.kfoHkkx.kh
¼twu 2011 iklwu lq/kkjhr gks.kk&;k vH;kldzekadfjrk½
vH;klif=dk Øekad 5 % vk/kqfud Hkk’kkfoKku vkf.k ejkBh Hkk’kk
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5-
vH;klif=dk Øekad 6 % ,dk ok³~e; izdkjkpk vH;kl % dkancjh
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5
lwpuk 1½ oLrqfu’B iz”u useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrhoj vlrhy2½ iz”u Øekad 5 gk ?kVd Øekad 1 oj vlysnksu Vhik dknacjh leh{kdkaoj vlrhy-
38
vH;klif=dk
vH;klif=dk Øekad 7 % e/;;qxhu ejkBh ok³~e; x| vkf.k i|
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5-
vH;klif=dk
vH;klif=dk Øekad 8 % v % ejkBh Hkk’kk % mi;kstu vkf.k ltZu
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5
lwpuk
iz”u 4 ^v* o ^c* ?kVd Øekad 7 vkf.k 8 oj mi;kstukpk vlsy-
39
vH;klif=dk Øekad 8 % c % oSpkfjd ok³~e;
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5
lwpuk 1½ oLrqfu’B iz”u useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrhoj vlrhy2½ iz”u Øekad 5 gk ?kVd Øekad 1 oj vlsy-
vH;klif=dk Øekad 8 % d % yksdfiz; lkfgR; vkf.k foKku lkfgR;
iz”u 1-
oLrqfu’B iz”u
xq.k
v-
;ksX; i;kZ; fuoMk
04 xq.k
c-
pwd dh cjkscj fygk-
04 xq.k
d-
xkGysY;k tkxh ;ksX; “kCn fygk-
04 xq.k
M-
;ksX; tksMÓk tqGok
04 xq.k
b-
,dk okD;kr mÙkjs fygk-
04 xq.k
iz'u 2-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
iz”u 3-
varxZr fodYiklg nh?kksZÙkjh iz”u
20 xq.k
v-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
c-
varxZr fodYiklg y?kqRrjh iz”u
10 xq.k
fVik fygk- ¼pkj iSdh nksu½
20 xq.k
iz”u 4iz”u 5
lwpuk 1½ oLrqfu’B iz”u useysY;k lkfgR;Ñrhoj vlrhy2½ iz”u Øekad 5 gk ?kVd Øekad 1 o 5 oj vlsy nksu Vhik yksdfiz;
lkfgR; o nksu Vhik foKku lkfgR;koj vlrhy3½ iz”u Øekad 2 vkf.k 4 ^v* gk useysY;k yksdfiz; lkfgR;Ñrhaoj vlsy4½ iz”u Øekad 3 vkf.k 4 ^c* gk useysY;k foKku lkfgR;Ñrhaoj vlsy-