‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪرﺳﺎﻧﻪاي )‪(40-342‬‬
‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮم ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1387‬‬
‫دﮐﺘﺮ ﺣﻤﯿﺪرﺿﺎ رﺑﯿﻌﯽ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :4‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮم رﻧﮓ و ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ آن‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻥ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ رﻧﮓ‬
‫‪ -1-2‬رﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮج اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪٤٠٠‬ﻭ‪ ٧٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻫﺎﻭ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ EM‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ ،١٦٧٦‬ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﭘﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ :1‬ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ‪ :I‬ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻮر ﺳﻔﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ‪ :II‬ﻧﻮر ﻣﺮﺋﯽ درﻃﯿﻒ ‪ EM‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ]‪.[1‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،١‬ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﺭﺕ ‪ EM‬ﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ EM‬ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ‪،‬ﺁﺑﻲ)‪ .(RGB‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼﹰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻲ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺠﺰ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ)‪(subtractive‬ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ )ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺯﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ رﻧﮓ‬
‫‪ -1-3‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻬﻢ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﺘﺮ‪:‬ﻧﻤﺎ)‪ ،(Hue‬ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ )‪ (Saturation‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ)‪ (HSB) (Brightness‬؛ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻲ )‪(RGB‬؛ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩﺍﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ )‪ (CMYK‬ﻭ ‪ CIE L*a*b‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2-3‬ﻣﺪل ‪HSB‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ HSB‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،HSB‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎ)‪ – (Hue‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺒﺰﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺝ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٣٦٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ )‪ -(Saturation‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻮﺹ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﯼ ﺍﺯ ‪) ٠%‬ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ (ﺗﺎ ‪) ١٠٠%‬ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ( ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ)‪ (Brightness‬ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻴﺮﮔﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪) ٠%‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ(ﺗﺎ ‪ ) ١٠٠%‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ( ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺭ )‪ (intensity‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ،HSB‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ HIS‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ رﻧﮓ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از داﯾﺮه رﻧﮕﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -3-3‬ﻣﺪل ‪RGB‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ RGB‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻜﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﻳﺪﺋﻮ‪ ،‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4-3‬ﻣﺪل ‪CMYK‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ RGB‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ CMYK‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼﹰ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ CMYK‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ‪ ,‬ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﺗﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﭘﻲ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻗﻬﻮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ CMYK .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﭼﺎﭖ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ ٤‬ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ‪:‬ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪ ،(C‬ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ) ‪ ،(M‬ﺯﺭﺩ) ‪ (Y‬ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ) ‪ (K‬ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻑ ‪ K‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ‪ B‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﻓﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺯﺭﺩﻭ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﺎﻳﻚ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫‪ -5-3‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ رﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ,‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ,‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻱ‪،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ )ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‪ -3‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ رﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ رﻧﮕﻬﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ‪ /‬ﻓﺮﻋﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6-3‬ﻣﺪل ‪L*a*b‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ L*a*b‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ‪ (CIE) d’Eclairoge‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٣١‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ،١٩٧٦‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ CIE L*a*b‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ Lab‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ‪ Lab‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪Lab‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ‪,‬ﭼﺎﭘﮕﺮ ﻳﺎ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻧﮓ ‪Lab‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻲ)‪ (L‬ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ‪ a‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ‪ b‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫‪ -7-3‬ﺣﯿﻄﻪ رﻧﮓ)‪(Color Gamuts‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫”‪ Lab , “Adobe Photoshop‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ‪ CMYK , RGB‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ‪RGB‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫‪ CMYK‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ‪ CMYK‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8-3‬ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ رﻧﮕﯽ اﻧﺪﯾﺲدار و ﺟﺪولﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬
‫‪ -1-8-3‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺟﺪوال ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ )ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﺎت ﺗﺌﻮري(‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ K‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ‪K‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺗﻔﻨﮕﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰﻭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ K‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ‪ k‬ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ )‪ (0‬ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ )‪ (224 - 1‬ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ‪ 3M‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ m‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ‪ ١٦ ،m=8‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫) ‪ (224‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ ،١٠٢٤×١٠٢٤‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ‪ 2m‬ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ ﻭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ‪ 3m‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻔﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ k‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪ k<3m‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2k‬ﺳﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﻫﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﻫﻴﻢ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ٣‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ‪ k‬ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﯽ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ‪ k-bit‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ‪ 2k‬ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ‪ 2k‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 2m‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ 2m ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ ﻭ ‪ 2m‬ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﺖ )‪ (Palette‬ﺍﺯ ‪ 23m‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ‪ 2k‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -4‬ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺪول ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ رﻧﮕﻬﺎ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ‪ ،k= m = 8‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٦‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻴﺢ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ CRT‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2-8-3‬ﺟﺪاول ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ رﻧﮕﯽ )ﯾﺎ دﯾﺪ ﺗﺌﻮري ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺗﺮ(‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ RGB‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ٢٤،‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ)‪ ١٦‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ RGB‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺭﻧﮓ ‪ ٨‬ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Web‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦ ﭼﻨﺪﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ RGB‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ 2K‬ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ١٦ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺗﻮﺷﺎﭖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ other‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ other‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ Silk Screening‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3-8-3‬اﻧﻮاع رﻧﮕﻬﺎي ﭘﻠﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪RGB‬‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ‪ ٨‬ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ ‪ RGB‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﺖ ﻭﻓﻘﯽ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﺮ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ RGB‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ,‬ﭘﻠﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻭﻓﻘﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﺖ ﻭﻓﻘﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻴﺰﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﺖ ﻭﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻴﺰﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﺖ ﺭﺳﻤﯽ )‪ :(Custom‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4-8-3‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮط رﻧﮓ )‪(Color dithering‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ)ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺎﻧﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (Blockiness‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‪.(٢٥٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ‪ ,‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺟﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫·‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ)ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫·‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﭘﺨﺶ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﺳﮑﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬
‫‪ -1-4‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﮏ اﺳﮑﻨﺮ ﮐﺎرﻣﯿﮑﻨﺪ؟‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺠﺘﻴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﺮﻱ )ﻋﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ‪ Charged couple device‬ﻳﺎ ‪ CCD‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺗﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻴﺰﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﻨﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ ,‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ‪ ٨‬ﺑﻴﺘﻲ‪ ٢٥٦ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﻪ ‪ CCD‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﻪ ‪ CCD‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪ bits‬ﻳﺎ ‪ bpp‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫‪pixel‬‬
‫)‪ (dpi‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ )‪ (ppi‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ,‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2-4‬ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ دﻗﺖ اﺳﮑﻦ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﹰ‪ ٧٢ dpi‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ )ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ( ﻳﮏ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ,‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ dpi‬ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪,‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‪ ٤,‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ‪ 72 dpi‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ 144 dpi‬ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -1-5‬آﻏﺎز ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎپ‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺯﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪start menu , program , Adobe Photoshop‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪) Color /Swatches/Brushes‬ﺍﺯ ‪ window ® show swatches‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ(ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﭘﻠﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ‪ ،window ® show info‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ‪ swatches‬ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﻠﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2-5‬ﻧﮕﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل رﻧﮓ ‪RGB‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ‪ Open:‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ RGBadd.psd‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ support Folder‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺰ ﻭ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ) ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ( ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1-2-5‬اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي رﻧﮕﻬﺎي ‪RGB‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ‪ ،RGB‬ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪) ٠‬ﺳﻴﺎﻩ(ﺗﺎ ‪) ٢٥٥‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ(ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ‬
‫‪ RGB‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﺖ ‪ Swatches‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ‪ RGB‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ ،eye dropper‬ﮐﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ RGBadd‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ )‪ ،(color/swatches/brushes‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 255:R‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪،0:B,G‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ‪ R‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٠‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ,‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎ ‪ eye dropper‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ RGBadd‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ ٠‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ B,R‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٥٥‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ‪ G‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺒﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ‪ R‬ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻜﺸﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٢٥٥‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ‪R‬ﻭ ﻫﻢ ‪ ٢٥٥ ،G‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ‪ B‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ B‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ‪ B‬ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٢٥٥‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ‪ ٢٥٥‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ‪ ١٢٨‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﯼ ‪ RGB‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ RGBadd‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺮﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٨‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‪ Close ,‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ RGBadd‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3-5‬ﻧﮕﺎه ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل رﻧﮓ ‪CMYK‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﻲ ‪ open :‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ CMYsub.gif‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪support Folder‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1-3-5‬اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي رﻧﮓ ‪CMYK‬‬
‫ﻟﻄﻔﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪ ,‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﯼ ‪ CMYK‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ‪ RGB‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ)ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ‪ CMYK‬ﻳﮏ ﺭﻧﮓ‪:‬‬
‫‪(١‬ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎﯼ ‪ CMYK‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ,‬ﻣﻨﻮﯼ ‪ Pop-up‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪(Color/Swatches/Brushes).‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮ ﺷﺎﭖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺪﻝ‪-‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ,CMYK‬ﻳﮏ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪(٢‬ﺭﻭﯼ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‪ CMYsub‬ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ),‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ ,CMYK‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ ١٠٠%‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ‪ K‬ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﺪﺍﺯﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ CMYK‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Close‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪﺗﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ CMYsub‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4-5‬رﻧﮕﻬﺎي ﺧﺎرج از ﺣﯿﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ‪ open :‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ Gamut.gif‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ Support Folder‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ)ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ‪ CMYK‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ(‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪(١‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻠﺖ ‪Swatches‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ swatch‬ﺁﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻠﺖ ‪ swatches‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻠﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ RGB‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ pop-up‬ﭘﻠﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪RGB‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻠﺖ ‪ Swaches‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ؛ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ‪ CMYK‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ ‪ CMYK‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ,‬ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ Close (٤‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ Gamut‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -5-5‬ﻧﮕﺎه ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل رﻧﮓ ‪HSB‬‬
‫‪ ,HSB‬ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪(١‬ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ HSB‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ Pop-up‬ﭘﻠﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ open(٢‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ RGBadd.psd‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ Support Folder‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎ )‪ (Brigthness ,Saturation , hue‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﯼ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ Max‬ﺑﻪ ‪ Min‬ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ,‬ﭼﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻼﻳﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ)‪ (Hue , saturation , and brightness‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5-5‬ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺟﺪول رﻧﮓ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ RGB‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ (٢٥٦‬ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫)ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٥‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫·‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ )‪ (Custom table‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ‬
‫·‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ )‪ (black body‬ﮔﺬﺭ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬
‫·‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ )‪ (grayscale‬ﻳﻚ ﮔﺬﺭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫·‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻃﻴﻒ )‪ (spectrum‬ﮔﺬﺭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﺯﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪:‬‬
‫·‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ )‪ (system‬ﭘﻠﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‪ ،‬ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1-6-5‬ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪ RGB‬ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ رﻧﮕﯽ اﻧﺪﯾﺲ دار‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ‪ OPEN،‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ RGB2index. tif‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪) I mage ® mode menu .‬ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ( ﺩﻗﺖ )‪, (resolution‬ﭘﻠﺖ)‪ (palette‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ) ‪ (dithering‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪٨‬ﻭ ‪٣٢ ١٦‬ﻭ‪١٢٨‬ﻭ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺭﻧﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫‪System, Adaptive, Custom, Previous‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪None, pattern, Diffusion‬‬
‫ﺩ(ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ ،ok‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫـ(ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻭ(ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪ UNDO‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ edit‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ)ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ٥‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ( ﻭ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2-6-5‬وﯾﺮاﯾﺶ رﻧﮕﻬﺎ در ﺟﺪول رﻧﮓ‬
‫‪(١‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪open‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ‪ table Edit. gif‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ indexed color(٢‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ Image‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪Mode Menu ® I mage :‬‬
‫‪(٣‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ Mode‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ)ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻟﻮﻙ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﻧﮕﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪(٦‬ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ ok‬ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬
‫‪ UNDO(٨‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ‪ Edit‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ ٥‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻨﻴﺪﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7-5‬اﺳﮑﻦ ﮐﺮدن ﯾﮏ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ رﻧﮕﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ‪ HP‬ﺩﺭﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ )‪ ،(HP Scanjet v2.0‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪inch‬‬
‫‪ dots‬ﻳﺎ ‪ dpi‬ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪pixel‬‬
‫‪ bits‬ﻳﺎ ‪ bpp‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪(١‬ﺁﻳﻜﻦ ‪ Desk scan‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﮏ ‪ Control Panel‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ sharp Millions of colors (٢‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ Type‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Screen (٣‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ Path‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻳﻚ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Scanner‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮ ﺑﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ preview (٥‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‪ ,‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٧‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ‪ Final ,‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٨‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮ ‪ Custom ® print path‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‪ ٣‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ)ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺭﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ‪ ،Web page‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺭﻣﺖ ‪ GIF‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺭﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ TIFF , PICT , BMP:‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬
‫‪ (٩‬ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ‪:TWAIN‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ ،(Photosop‬ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ‪ TWAIN‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,TWAIN .‬ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫‪Cross-platform‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ..‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﭖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ‪TWAIN‬‬
‫‪ Select source‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ)‪ ( HP Scanjet‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ‪ TWAIN Source‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8-5‬ﭘﺮدازش ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎپ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺷﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺘﻮ ﺷﺎﭖ )‪.(Photoshop/Samples‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻫﻴﺴﺘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ I mage ® histogram ,‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ equalization (٢‬ﻫﻴﺴﺘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪،‬ﺍﺯ ‪ Image ® adjust ® Equalize‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻫﻴﺴﺘﻮ ﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ equalization‬ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺮﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ‪ I mage ® adjust ® Brightness/Contrast‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٥‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ )ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ( ‪.Filter ® blur‬‬
‫‪ (٦‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ Filter ® sharpen‬ﺗﻴﺰ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ )ﺍﺯ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﮔﺰارش‬
‫‪(١‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪(٣‬ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﻣﺰﻭ ﺳﺒﺰﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ؟‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ؟‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﭼﻪ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ؟‬
‫‪ (7‬ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬
‫‪[1]. Gonzalez and Woods, Digital image processing, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley,‬‬
‫‪1992.‬‬
‫‪[2]. D. Greenberg, Light Reflection Models for Computer Graphics.‬‬
‫‪[3]. Adobe Inc., Adobe Photoshop User Guide v5.5, Adobe Press.‬‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 4‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee Spring 2008‬‬