‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪرﺳﺎﻧﻪاي )‪(40-342‬‬
‫داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮم ﺑﻬﺎر ‪1386‬‬
‫دﻛﺘﺮ ﺣﻤﻴﺪرﺿﺎ رﺑﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﺷﻤﺎره ‪ :8‬ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ‪ Net meeting‬ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺴﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‪،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي‬
‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﺓ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺻﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺻﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ )ﻣﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ( ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪ ،ISDN ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﻭﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫)‪ (MCU‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪ (MCS‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ )‪ PSIN ،ISDN‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ‪WAN‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ )‪ (GWU‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ‪ WAN‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ‪ ISDN‬ﻭ ‪ PSTN‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ١‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 8‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee, Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :1‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ‪ boardroom‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻨﺪﮔﻮ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ‪ boardroom‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺗﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ boardroom‬ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ و ﻃﺮز ﻛﺎر آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﮔﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٢‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﻃﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ -١ :‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ‪ -٣‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺻﺪﺍ‪ /‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ /‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ‪ -٤‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 8‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee, Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :2‬ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎل ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٥٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1-4‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ )‪ -(PSTN‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ 56kbps‬ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ ITU-T H.324‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ PSTN‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ )ﺗﺎ ‪ (6Mbps‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ ADSL‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2-4‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي دادة ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫‪ :ISDN‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ )ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪(B‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪ 64kbps‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 64‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪) 1536kbps‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٣٢‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ‪ 1920kbps‬ﺍﺳﺖ(‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 8‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee, Spring 2008‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ‪ ISDN‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪ B‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪) D‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪ D‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 16kbps‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ITU-T H.32U‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ‪ ISTN‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺳﻮﻳﭻ ﺷﺪﺓ ‪ :56‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺳﻨﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 56kbps‬ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻨﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫‪ 57.6kbps‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ ISDN‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ISDN‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ISDN‬ﭘﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﺒﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪) ISDN‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ (Gbps‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ‪ ISDN‬ﭘﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪ kbps‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 65535‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ‬
‫‪ ATM‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3-4‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫)‪ (Ethernet‬ﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ‪ ARCNET ،FDDI‬ﻭ ‪ ATM‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺻﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ‪TCP/IP‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ RTP‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ RSVP‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ H.322‬ﻭ ‪ H.323‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ H.322‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ H.323‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ‪ FDDI‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ H.323 .‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻜﻞ ‪ RTP‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4-4‬ﺧﻄﻮط اﺟﺎره اي‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﻳﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت و ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫‪ -1-5‬واﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ر ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2-5‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اي‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻜﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Gateway -3-5‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ (GWU) Gateway‬ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ ،ISDN ،PSTN‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )‪،H.310‬‬
‫‪ H.320‬ﻭ ‪ (H.323‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 8‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee, Spring 2008‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻔﺮاﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ‪ MCU‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫‪ :Broadcast‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ :Broadcast panel‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ‪ Broadcast‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫)ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ‪ (panel‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ )ﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ( ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺿﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ و ﻓﺸﺮده ﺳﺎزي ﺻﺪا‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻦ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ ‪ 8KHz‬ﻭ ‪ ٨‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 64 kbps‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪ NetMeeting -١‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ Internet Explorer‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ NetMonitor -٢‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ Download‬ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪(Advanced Net Monitor for Classroom Pro :‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺻﺪﺍ )ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ( ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ Codec‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Codec‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ )‪ (6.3 kbps, G.732‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 64kbps‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ )ﻭﺿﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ Photoshop‬ﻳﺎ ‪..MATLAB‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ )‪ (Chat‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪www.CNN.com‬‬
‫‪ Internet Explorer -٨‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺭﺍ ‪ Download‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪) .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ‪ www.obcnews.com‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ‪ Download‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻔﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
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‫‪CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 8‬‬
‫‪H. Rabiee, Spring 2008‬‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ‬.‫ )ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ( ﺳﻌﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬-١٠
‫ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ – ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ )ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ( ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
.‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﮔﺰارش‬-9
‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬.‫ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬-١
‫ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬.‫ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬Netmonitor ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
.‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻳﺪ؟ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻛﺪ‬،‫ ﻛﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺻﺪﺍ‬،‫ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ؟ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ‬NetMeeting -٢
.‫ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬Netmeeting ‫ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬.‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺪﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ؟‬
‫؟‬،‫( ﭼﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬MCU) ‫ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ‬-٣
.‫ )ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ( ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬-٤
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ‬-10
[1]. B. Aldred, Desktop Conferencing, A Complete Guide to Applications and Technology,
McGraw Hill, 1996.
[2]. IEEE Std 802.9a, 1995, “IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Networks, Supplement to
Integrated Services (IS) LAN Interface at The Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY)
Layers: Specifications of ISLAN16-T”.
[3]. IETF RFC, “Real Time Protocol”, ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1890.txt, 1/96.
[4]. Y. Wang, J. Ostermann and Y. Q. Zhang, “Video Processing and Communications“, Prentice
Hall, 2002.
[5]. IMTC Homepage, “T.120 Overview”, http://www.imtc.org/i/standard/itu/i_t120.htm.
[6]. G. Morrison, “H.322: The First ITU-T Recommendation for Audiovisual Services on LANs”,
Proc. 7th International Workshop on Packet Video,” March 1999, Brisbane, Australia.
[7]. G. A. Thom, “H.323: The Multimedia Communications Standard for LANs”, IEEE
Communications Magazine, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 52-56, Dec. 1996.
[8]. D. Lindbergh, “The H.324 Multimedia Communication Standard”, IEEE Communications
Magazine, . 34, no. 12, pp. 46-51, Dec. 1996.
[9]. S. A. Thomas, IPng and The TCP/IP Protocols, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[10]. R. Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated Vol. 1: The Protocols, Addison Wesley Publishing, 1994.
[11]. F. Halsall, Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems, 4th Ed., Addison
Wesley Publishing, 1995.
CE 342 – Multimedia HW# 8
H. Rabiee, Spring 2008
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