‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫)ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ(‬
‫ﺳﻳﺩﺍﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺍﺑﻁﺣﯽ‬
‫‪[email protected]‬‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ‬
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‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ‬
‫‪Report Writing‬‬
‫• ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪(5‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫• ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
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‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫پ( ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫پ( ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺏ( ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ‬
‫پ( ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪:‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬
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‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ؟‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ‪ -‬ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻪ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ‬‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬
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‫ﺧﻭﺍﻧﻧﺩﻩ ﻣﻥ ﮐﻳﺳﺕ ؟‬
‫ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺭﺍﺝ ﺩﻗﻳﻖ ﻭﻳژﮔﻳﻬﺎی ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺏ ‪ - :‬ﺩﺍﻧﺵ ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺏ‬‫‪ -‬ﺣﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
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‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬
‫ﻛﺠﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻢ؟‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﻨﻢ؟‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻛﻨﻢ؟‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻳﻢ؟‬
‫ﺭﺳﻢ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
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‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ )ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍژﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺗﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻫﺎ (‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬
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‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻞ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
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‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
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‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ‪:‬ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬
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‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻟﺤﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻮﺡ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺭی‬
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‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﺭﮔﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻋﻧﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﺗﻣﻧﺩ‪-:‬ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺕ‪.‬‬‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﮐﻭﺗﺎﻩ‪.‬‬‫‪ -‬ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻠﻧﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻅﺭ ﻣﺣﺗﻭﺍ‬
‫• ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﻭﺿﻌﻳﺕ ﻧﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﮐﺎﺭﻧﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻅﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻭﻟﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫• ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭی‬
‫• ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﻭﺭﺩی‬
‫ﺍﻧﻭﺍﻉ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻅﺭ ﻣﻭﺿﻭﻉ‬
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‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺭﺭﺳﯽ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺷﮑﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﺹ ﻓﻧﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻁﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ – ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺳﻧﺟﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺭﮔﺯﺍﺭی ﻫﻣﺎﻳﺵ ﻋﻠﻣﯽ – ﻓﻧﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺭﺭﺳﯽ ﻳﮏ ﻭﺿﻌﻳﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﻭﺻﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻳﺷﻧﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻝ ‪ - :‬ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﭘﻳﺷﺭﻓﺕ ﭘﺭﻭژﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﻁﺭﺍﺣﯽ‪.‬‬‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺕ ﻭﺗﻭﻟﻳﺩ‪.‬‬‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺣﻘﻳﻖ‪.‬‬‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺭﺍ‪.‬‬‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﯽ‪.‬‬‫ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺭ‪.‬‬‫‪ -‬ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺭﮐﺕ ﺩ ﺭ ﻫﻣﺎﻳﺵ ﻋﻠﻣﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﮐﻧﺗﺭﻝ ﮐﻣﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻳﻔﯽ ﮔﺯﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻁﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺑﻳﻥ‬
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‫ﺳﻁﺢ ﺭﺍﻫﺑﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻓﻧﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻁﺢ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻧﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻁﺢ ﻓﻧﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻧﺩﺳﻳﻥ ﻣﺑﺗﺩی‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻁﺢ ﻣﻬﻧﺩﺳﻳﻥ ﻣﺟﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻁﺢ ﻣﻬﻧﺩﺳﻳﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﻭ ﭘژﻭﻫﺷﮕﺭﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻁﺢ ﻣﺩﻳﺭﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺩﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻬﺎی ﻣﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬