&' %
( !!"#!) : :()* +,- ./
!" # $% &
:Formulation
:,- + * )'(
,- +)'9 ,- + 78 . , ( 54 &*/( 1 23 &. '/( 0 ,-
+BC- '/( & ; @A4 &. ,- + +>? .; 3 1 <( = .) 2:
. <( = ( E( ( ?EF <*( D 0 ./( 0
: G DB
, D8 0 -( &*/( F (H@ <( = &. $ ; <( = ,- +)'9 ,- + G '" MFF 4 <( = @A4 .; 9 & (2: %L) ) K(<( = ( & <( )
.; , &*/( PF <( = D?@ <*( +O ; +(8 ?@ &. .N '/( !" ( $ !" M- DQ#F $ ) :Planning
: )
) <( S ,F <R )
,- TF S'( )
$(9 EO $ 3 ( '/( 9 ) R TF ) R )
&
0 )
9 ,- '/( 9 '" ,- UV. )
: M-
: !" M-
W 3 &" ; ) ( & !" W 3 T 3 X 9 ; + &
W & R 3 G & O W
3 D8 0 S
+)'9 9 ,- Y8 W ( &
& 3 0 ,- G W9 D
8 D 4 !" &N 0G 3 :.Q?@ M-
O4 A./ * &.
,- .; * &.
Y8 ,*O ,- -F '('U
W 3 H
,*O 'R" &. ,- $H
-
3 YF ,- G Z & W 2" &. W TU '/( 9 ) <( ,- ,- UV. )
W ( 3 !B.F ,- " :*F M-
W 8 3 <H 9
?O !" + '/( +BC- W 9 + <*( 3 [BR W '/( / !" <*( # T +(8
."$.Q?@ $ P $# DQ#F:Analysis
:#
( $9 <F '/( PF ; X 1 -B &*/( . \?( D
8 GQR $[QR &
( = & 8 */( +>? . D
8 ?EF M */( QL#F Y] $*/(
.V
1 <( = 54 ; ^R/
& 3 _
@A4 . " ./( 1 -B 54 (8 , '/( &
. <*( ?( & ( <H `F (O / X &*/( F PF N <*( # E( ./( ; P
] ?@ 8 ./( 0 C-
.
.;
]T &*/( W %2O 8 Ac . <*( FH
ab P
] +(8 '/( 0 C-
. S@ ,- TF ?YF ?EF $ S'( BC- $)( ,- C-
: P
; \?( @A4 . G 3 dLR @ ) ; &
M ,- . G 3 ab -
.; O4 ,- C- 0 C- $$*/( &
P e(
.N +YF (....$ $*/() ,- & \T( 9F ,- 9 @A4 [QR &
&)
:.Q?@
; X 1 _
@A4 (F +>? .(V
3 E( 1 <( = 54 (8 &*/(
3 _
#G ?EF <*( 3 QL#F F ( & 8 &*/( . / ; +(8 <F M
.;
X 3 F@A4 (F +>? .;
3 _
&*/( <( = E( 8 F
. <*( ?( & ( F`F &(O / ( = &*/( ( 9F ./( & &*/( <( = E( ,- ./( _
+(8 ?@ 8 ./( 0 C-
.;
; +(8
?
E( ,- ; F Q +(8 ?@ 8 S@ FH
ab E( '/( 0 C-
. &*/( <F %2O W %2O $&( ( ( &*/(
. S@ ,- TF ?YF $S'( BC- )( ,- C-
:
."
.(; [YF ( '" $(9 D $ ) <($) R
. D
8 )( ( 54 '/( F" 54 8 '/( ( ,- +
P $ *-9 $?Y O4:Design
:?Y
.;
(Hierarchical Structure) F Q-Q 3 ,- + O4 f ?Y
(F & < R( 8 \" .Q?@ [QR )N $,- Q #G Y
*/( $1 <( = <' Ac $ ' .Q?@ .Q?@ 3
&F +>? .V
3 E( Q?@ <*(
. / 3 'G (
(
: P
. 3 ] @A4 \?( &. O F ; 9F B- + ,- P O4 & F &
, ; , #G &;
& , F ; \?( QO QO @A4
(2N O YF @A4 D; 3 ( A3 (F */( Ac . / & ; ( @A4
.; \?( QL#F @A4 ) $*/( ( / <F Y
.; \?( #G Y?*F A3 &. O F @A4
.( . ?Y O O4 -( ( -
MN ,- + &
#G \?( .;
& f ( #G @ %O (3 ; E( = _
#G $ '/( 0 ,- Ac) D?@ ; \?( [QR browser ;
8 ,-
(! ?( firefox ) <( <(
. ? 3 E( D?@ <*( & .Q
$.( hN &
;
(N #G O4
.; NQ9 #G P
*
( .N .; +;2N +U <*( * #G M ;
, 8 & ( hN ;
T( ($ #G YF
.,;
_
(
:*-9
( 9 ,- C- D 0 C- ./( 0 C- $ $*/( [QR \T( $ ,- *-9 .N +YF ; <*( \T( + GYF 1
< 1 @A4 #G
9F ; E( <*( (F \T( B?@ \T( 1 @A4 # $*-9 O4 <F & ; X 1 ;
8 */( $<( = D?@ <*( <' */( \T( Ac . O4 *-9 &
(
F ;
; 8 1 M _
&*/( <( = @A4 <( = & .( . /
.; 8 , @A4 '(# iGO *-9 ; O4 O +@ . E( ?@ <)B E( .( + Ac . G ,- \T( /( ... MB $&. G Ac *-9 #( O4 ./( &*/( R( 1 <' ./( 0 C- . 1 H?Y <( = <' */( ;
.
H
,*O <( = @ &"
O4 # -F :Testing
... (2N O $ */( Y # $&*/( LR; @A4 Dc $ ; \?( @A4 # j#B #
.;
.;
;( 9 #G ?S
$ N H.;
.; MU 9 ,- ,- 'UV. $,- O4 k"
.; -F Y8 / &
YF $Y8 / ,-
:Customer evaluation
3
+ .;
; 9F N [QR &
3
?O ) <( S ,F $,- D#F k"
e( YF $,- [QR ?-8 G &) $&
PF ( \" & " $&
/ (F
. ,- ; " H.;
.;
& 7 ;
; 9F &( ]( (O &
9 ( 3 ? S ,F
:32 %12
,- ?-8 <( = ,- : ? * ( .( ,S D
8 Q 4 :Usability
.;
3
, help )N <)B ;
,S D
8 ,- &*/( Ac &
G & d3 ; -
&F &
+ . ;
>" ( ? &
G ?-8 . G dLR help .;
&
( ? 'R" ; O4 P
:Functionality
.;
?( LR; D" *$ fF $*-9 &. &U .Q?@ (U ( &*/( ,- + ./( 1 \?( #G $ '/( 0 ,- Ac);
#G \?( @A4 &) '
(.; 1-O ; *-9 &. ( .;
, fF *-9 &. $ ( @A4 S
&) 0 +BC- F '/( 0 ,- Ac ).; [YF (F \T( 9F @A4 3l $@A4 mU $N 0)N &. +>?
(. ] #G ( mU &. &F ( \?( #G :Reliability
; \?( ?( &*/( Ac .;
+C?b ; \?( @A4 # &
M <( = ,- 1 <( = <' ( = YF .;
<T ,- & LR B?O A?O D
T ,-
!;
; 9 ,- +(8 & &. (
<F U $; N E( <( <( = & Ac .;
'R" #( 3 YF ,-
&*/( <( = @ *( F +" <F &*/( ? FH
<F &*/( <( = & ; h 3
. ; & <( = & ,- & f9 +? ' & /
fF ,- $ FH
.; G D
8 N
@ Y] @ & Y
$;
8 ,-
.; MU @A4 # j#B &
PF ; @A4
:Efficiency
-3 ;
8 D
8 H
,- <( = & LR #G &; @ $ <( = ,- Y GbB" <" E( 9 n ? &*/( 1 H?Y <( = & LR ..( A .( & / <" "!
:Maintability
.;
'R" 9 & ] $TF $S'( j#B ,-
.; UV. '/( 9 ,- O (
+>?
D8O ;
;( P =F ./( M U `F Ac .;
;( ,- `F
.;
?@ D
8 ,- `F