Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 283-287
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 283-287
http://www.ijcmas.com
Original Research Article
Prevention and Early Detection of Cervix Cancer
K. Thavamani1* and C. Susila2
1
Billroth College of Nursing, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
2
Dr. MGR Medical University, Tamilnadu, India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Keywords
Cervix
cancer,
Quasi
experimental
research,
Human
papilloma
virus (HPV)
The main objectives of this study were to assess the existing level of knowledge, and
to determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on cancer cervix it is
a Quasi experimental research with pre and post test design, 30 samples were selected
through purposive sampling for this study .The questionnaire was distributed to the
participants to assess the pre test level of knowledge, Followed by, the Structured
teaching program was given to the participants for the duration of 20 to 30 minutes.
The post test was conducted after 7 days by using the same tool. The study results
showed that, the structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the
knowledge at the level of P<0.001. The investigator requested the people to spread the
knowledge gained about the prevention and early detection of cancer cervix to their
friend and relatives.
Introduction
of 38 years. Estimates suggest that, more
than 80% of the sexually active women
acquire genital human papilloma virus by 50
years of age. 3. Hence, the advent of a
vaccine against human papilloma virus has
provided at the age of 10 years. In 2004,
cervix cancer was the 5th most common
cause of cancer death among women in
worldwide. Worldwide incident rate is
4,89,000 new cases in the year of 2010.An
incidence rate (global) of 16per 100,000
women in 2010. Prevalence rate 1.41 million
in 2010. 2, 68,000 deaths in the year of 2010
worldwide. Cervix cancer usually results
from infection with human papilloma virus
(HPV) transmitted during sexual inter
course.
Cervix cancer is the second most common
cancer in women worldwide and is most
common cancer causing death in the
developing countries. Sexually transmitted
human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is
the important cause for cervix intraepithelial
neoplasia and invasive cervix cancer. The
following statistics shows the prevalence of
disease and need for the present study.
1. The world wide incidence of cervix
cancer is approximately 510,000 new cases
annually, with approximately 2, 88,000
deaths worldwide.
2. The incidence rises in 30-34 years of age
and peaks at 55 65 years, with a median age
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 283-287
Cervix cancer may cause irregular bleeding,
but symptoms may not occur until the
cancer has enlarged or spread.
Hypothesis
There will be a significant difference
between pretest and post test level of
knowledge on prevention and early
detection of cervix cancer.
Papanicola (pap) tests can usually detect
abnormalities which are then biopsied.
Treatment usually involves surgery to
remove the cancer affected part with
surrounding tissue, if tumors are large
radiation therapy and chemotherapy is
provided.
Materials and Method
Population; all women with cancer cervix
Sample and sampling technique: 30 samples
were selected through purposive sampling.
The study setting was Ayanavaram Health
Post.
In the United States, cervix cancer is the
third most common gynecologic cancer
among all women. The average age at
diagnosis is about 50, but it can affect
women as young as 20. From the above
given statistical data it is visibly known that
there is an global risk in women for cervical
cancer. Hence the investigator selected this
topic.
Tools: The semistructured Questionnarie
was used for data collection. One group pre
test and post test was used for the study.
Results and Discussion
Statement of problem: A study to assess
the effectiveness of structured teaching
program on prevention and early detection
of cervix cancer among women residing at
ayanavaram health post, Chennai.
The frequency and percentage distribution
of demographic variables of women showed
that, with respect to the age of women 1
(3.33%) were in the age group of 20 25
years 15(50%) women were in the age group
of 26 30 years. 14(47%) women were in the
age group of 31 40 years.
The main of objectives includes assessing
the existing level of knowledge on
prevention and early detection of the cancer
cervix among women residing at
Ayanavaram health post.
Related to religion of women 30(100%)
women were Hindu. in regard to education
of women 2(6.66%) were illiterate, 25(83%)
were studied primary and secondary
education, and 3(10%) were studied up to
the degree.
To assess the post test level of knowledge on
prevention and early detection of cancer
cervix among women residing at
Ayanavaram health post.
In regarding to occupation of women,
4(13.3%) were self employment, 18(60%)
were not working, 8(26.67%) were working
women.
To determine the effectiveness of structured
teaching programme on the level of
knowledge on cancer cervix. And also to
associate the post level of knowledge on
prevention and early detection of cancer
cervix with their selected demographic
variable.
In accordance with monthly income of
women 10(33.33%) were getting monthly
Rs. 3000/-, 12(40%) were getting monthly
3000 5000, and 8(26.67%) were getting
5,000 and above.
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 283-287
In pretest 28 (93.3%) women had inadequate
knowledge 2(6.7%) women had moderately
adequate knowledge and 0(0%) had
adequate knowledge.
The research design used in this study was
quasi experimental research design pre test
and post test design. It was carried out with
30 samples whomever, fulfilled the inclusive
criteria, non probability purposive sampling
technique was used to select the samples
among target population.
The frequency and percentage distribution
of post test level of knowledge of prevention
and early detection of cancer cervix among
women. In post test level of knowledge
0(0%) women had inadequate knowledge
20(67%) women had moderately adequate
knowledge, 10(33%) women had adequate
knowledge.
The tool was distributed to the participants
to assess the pre test level of knowledge.
Structured teaching program was given to
the participants for the duration of 20 to 30
minutes. The post test was conducted after 7
days by using the same tool.
The comparison of pretest and post test level
of knowledge, the pre test mean score 4.6
with standard deviation of 2.457 and the
post test mean score was 14 with standard
deviation of 2.624. The t value was which
showed highly significant at P<0.05 level.
The frequency and percentage distribution
of demographic variables of women (Table
1) with respect to the age, 1(3.33%) was in
the age group of 20 25 years 15(50%)
women were in the age group of 26 30
years and 14(47%) women were in the age
group of 31 40 years.
The analysis revealed that, the post test level
of knowledge is higher than the pretest level
of knowledge
Related to religion, 2(6.66%) women were
illiterate, 25(83%) women were with
primary and secondary education and
3(10%) of them were with degree courses.
Association between the level of knowledge
of prevention and early detection of cancer
cervix
among
women
with
their
demographic
variables,
showed
no
association except with previous information
gained,
In regarding to occupation, 4(13.3%)
women were self employees, 18(60%)
women were not working and 8(26.67%)
were working.
This study was to assess the effectiveness of
the structured teaching programme on
prevention and early detection of cervix
cancer among women in Ayanavaram health
post, Chennai.
In accordance with monthly income,
10(33.33%) women were getting monthly
Rs.3000, 12(40%) women were getting
Rs.3000 5000 and 8(26.67%) women were
getting 5000 above.
The hypothesis formulated was, there will
be significant relationship between the
levels of knowledge and structured teaching
programme on prevention and early
detection of cervix cancer. The reviewed
Literatures include the related studies which
provided the strong foundation for the study
including the basis for conceptual frame
work and information for the tool.
The first objective of the study was, to
assess the pretest level of knowledge among
women on prevention and early detection of
cervix cancer. In pretest 28(93.3%) women
had inadequate knowledge, 2(6.7%) women
had moderately adequate knowledge and
0(0%) had adequate knowledge (Table 2).
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 283-287
Table 1 Frequency distribution of pretest and post test level of knowledge on prevention and
early detection of cancer cervix n=30
Level of
knowledge
Inadequate
knowledge
Moderate
knowledge
adequate
knowledge
Pretest
Frequency
percentage
28
93.3%
2
6.7%
0
0%
Post test
Level of
knowledge
Inadequate
knowledge
Moderate
knowledge
Adequate
knowledge
frequency
Percentage
0
0%
20
67%
10
33%
Table.2 Comparison of means and standard deviation between pretest and post test level of
knowledge on prevention and early detection of cancer cervix. N=30
Level of knowledge
Pretest
Post test
Mean
4.6
14
Standard
deviation
2.457
2.624
The second objective was to assess the post
test level of knowledge among women
regarding prevention and early detection of
cancer cervix.
Paired t value
1.697
This indicated the structured teaching
program was effective.
The study concluded that structured teaching
program was effective by improving their
knowledge regarding cervix cancer among
women. Hence the hypothesis of the study
was accepted.
The frequency and percentage distribution
of post test level of knowledge, 0(0%)
women had inadequate knowledge, 20(67%)
women had moderately adequate knowledge
and 10(33%) women had adequate
knowledge (Table 3).
The study was very interesting the people
were very co- operative and were eagerly
asking many questions and then the
researchers also cleared their doubts. We
would like to thank all the participants of
this study. We insisted the people to spread
the knowledge gained about the prevention
and early detection of cancer cervix to their
friend and relatives, which make create
awareness among people to prevent the
cervix cancer in future. Researcher felt
proud that we have contributed to some
extent to reduce the occurrence of cervix
cancer.
The third objective of the study was to
determine the effectiveness of structured
teaching program of cancer cervix among
women. The comparison between pretest
and post test level of knowledge showed
that, the pre test mean score 4.6 with
standard deviation of 2.457 and the post test
mean score was 14 with standard deviation
of 2.624.
The calculated value was 1.697, which
showed highly significant at P<0.05 level.
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(8): 283-287
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