Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 4 (2014) pp. 611-622
http://www.ijcmas.com
Original Research Article
Diversity of leafy vegetables used by tribal peoples of Chhattisgarh, India
Deepti Chauhan1, A.K.Shrivastava2* and Suneeta Patra3
1
Department of Botany, Bhilai Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Hospital Sector, Bhilai, India
2
Government D.T.College, Utai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
3
Government N.P.G.College of Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Keywords
Identification,
leafy
vegetables,
Durg.
In India, the leaves of a large number of wild and cultivated plants are used as
vegetables. They have a very high protective food value and are very easy to grow.
In Chhattisgarh, the life and economy of the tribal and local people are intimately
connected with the natural vegetation. Leafy vegetables play a major role in the
nutritional requirement of the tribal and local population in remote parts of the
Chhattisgarh. Leafy vegetable not only provide food quantity but also make
significant contribution to the population nutrition throughout the year. The use of
leafy vegetables as food has been formed an integral part of the culture and
tradition of many indigenous communities of the world. It constitutes an essential
component in the diet and food security of many tribal and local communities
particularly people living around the forest fringe. The present study on
identification and documentation of leafy vegetable revealed that the tribal and
local population living in remote areas. often do very little cultivation; they ate a
variety of leafy vegetables. The 51 such leafy vegetables that were eaten by the
tribal and local people of Chhattisgarh are described in this study .The information
was based on an ethno-botanical field study of the the different parts of Durg dist
.The study showed that; a large amount of cultivated leafy vegetables as well as
weed plants used as vegetable of Durg region are having an edible and nutritional
values.
Introduction
readily available in this region. Wild
plants
such
as, Amaranthus species,
Borhaavia diffusa, Basell rubra, Cleome
gynandra,
Chenopodium
species
Corchorus species,Leucas cephalotes,
Hibiscus cannabinus, and Trianthema
portulacastrum are very popular and still
are widely available in the communities.
Traditional leafy crops are important fresh
crops during the rainy season. They are
especially important in dried form during
winter and spring seasons. The availability
of leafy vegetables in dried form on the
local market as a source of cheap protein
and as a winter vegetable is, however,
limited. Leafy vegetables are in general
611
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
It is estimated that in India about 800
species are consumed as wild edible plants
over the country (Singhand Arora 1978).
Wild edible plants not only provide food
quantity but also make significant
contribution to the population nutrition
throughout the year (Grivetti and Ogle
Britta, 2000; Ogle Britta, 2001; Ogle
Britta et al., 2001; Ogle Britta et al.,2003).
The tribals normally collect seeds of local
forest product and sell them to earn their
livelihood. Also the diversity of leafy
vegetable species offer variety in family
diet and contribute to household food
security as well as increase dietary
diversity. Further, it provides rural
households with supplemental income
opportunities through their sale in the
markets.
namely:
1. Field Survey
2. Literature Collection
The main aim of the survey was to collect
information about the leafy vegetables
plant species which are used by the tribal
and local peoples and also the species are
identified and documented by collecting
samples of plant species.The identified
and collected plant samples were arranged
and documented according to their local
names,in different tribal and local
languages . The total respondents were 3035 in numbers per villages to collect
information on leafy vegetables, along
with the information and identification
from forest department about the local
names and utilization of wild edible plants
of the study area.
In view of above, the present study was
conducted to achieve the goal by covering
the followingobjectives:-
Results and Discussion
Identified species classified on the basis
of habit
1. Identification of leafy vegetables plant
species in Durg dist.
2. Documentation of identified leafy
vegetables in the study area.
3. Ethnobotanical uses of edible plant
species.
The information given in the species list
above has been analysed in the following
paragraphs. Species are classified on the
basis of the habit -
Study area
Tree (5 species out of
plants)
Durg District is situated in Chhattisgarh
state of India covers an area of 8,537 km².
The population in 1991 was 2, 397,134 of
which 12.4% were members of scheduled
tribes
51 species of
Bauhinia purpurea, Cordia myxa Roxb.,
Ficus
religiosa
L.
Moringa
pterygosperma Lam., Shorea robusta6
108(Online)
ing.com/ PEER-REVIEWED Page | 54
Herbs (46 species out of 51 species of
plants)
Materials and Methods
The field study was carried out in the
villages and forest villages of the different
region of Durg dist.
Allium cepa L., Amaranthhus gangaticus
L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus
tricolour L., Amaranthus viridis L.,
Basella rubra L., Boerhaavia diffusa L.
Methodology covers two types of survey
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
Brassica compestris L., Brassica oleracea
botrytis L., Brassica oleracea var. capitata
L, Brassica oleracea var.caularpa L.,
Capsicum
annum
L.,
Carthemnus
oxycantha L., Cassia tora L., Chenopdium
album L., Chorchorus olitorius L., Cicer
arietinum L, Cleome viscosa, Colocasia
antiquarum
Schott.
,
Commelina
benghalensis L., Corchorus acutangulus
Lam., Cucumus sativus, Cucurbita
maxima Duch., Daucus carota, Dolicus
lablab, Hibiscus cannbinus L., Hibiscus
sabdariffa L. Ipomoea aquatica Frosk.,
Ipomoea batatas Lam., Lagenaria
vulgaris, Lathyrus sativa L., Lathyrus sp.,
Leucas cephalotes Spreng., Marsilea
vestita Hook & Grev., Merremia
emarginata Burmf, Momordica charantia,
Oxalis corniculata, Partulaca oleracea L.
Phaceolus radiatus L., Phaseolus vulgaris,
Raphanus sativus L., Solanum tuberosum
L., Spinacea glabra L., Spinacea oleracea
L.,Trianthema
portulacastrum
L.,
Trigonella foenum graceum L.
Brassica compestris L , Cassia tora L.,
Chenopdium album L. Cicer arietinum L,
Cleome viscosa., Momordica charantia.,
Phaceolus radiatus L. ., Phaseolus
vulgaris,, Moringa pterygosperma Lam.,
Shorea robusta., Trigonella foenum
graceum L.
3. Leaves (51 species out of 51
species of plants)
Allium cepa L., Amaranthhus gangaticus
L., Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus
tricolour L., Amaranthus viridis L.,
Basella rubra L., Bauhinia purpurea,
Boerhaavia diffusa L. Brassica compestris
L., Brassica oleracea botrytis L., Brassica
oleracea var. capitata L, Brassica
oleracea var.caularpa L., Capsicum
annum L., Carthemnus oxycantha L.,
Cassia tora L., Chenopdium album L.,
Chorchorus olitorius L., Cicer arietinum
L, Cleome viscosa, Cordia myxa Roxb.,
Colocasia
antiquarum
Schott.
,
Commelina benghalensis L., Corchorus
acutangulus Lam., Cucumus sativus,
Cucurbita maxima Duch., Daucus carota,
Dolicus lablab, ., Ficus religiosa L,
Hibiscus
cannbinus
L.,
Hibiscus
sabdariffa L. Ipomoea aquatica Frosk.,
Ipomoea batatas Lam., Lagenaria
vulgaris, Lathyrus sativa L., Lathyrus sp.,
Leucas cephalotes Spreng., Marsilea
vestita Hook & Grev., Merremia
emarginata Burmf, Momordica charantia,
Moringa pterygosperma Lam., Oxalis
corniculata, Partulaca oleracea L.
Phaceolus radiatus L., Phaseolus vulgaris,
Raphanus sativus L., Solanum tuberosum
L., Spinacea glabra L., Spinacea oleracea
L.,
Shorea
robusta.,Trianthema
portulacastrum L., Trigonella foenum
graceum L.
Identified species classified on the basis
of usage:
The information given in the species list
above has been analysed in the following
paragraphs. Species are classified on the
basis of the parts used and how they are
used..
Plant parts used
1. Fruits (07 species out of 51
species of plants)
Cordia myxa Roxb., Capsicum annum
L.,Cucumus
sativus.,
Cucurbita
maxima Duch., Ficus religiosa
L.,
Lagenaria vulgaris., Momordica charantia
.,Moringa pterygosperma Lam.
4. Roots, tubers, or bulb (7 species
out of 51 species of plants)
2. Seeds
(10 species out of 51
species of plants)
Allium cepa L .,Boerhaavia diffusa L.,
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
The identified and collected plant samples were arranged and documented according to
their local names, in different tribal and local languages
Sl.no.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Comman
name
Cultivated
Cultivated
Weeds
Leaves and tubers
Leaves
Leaves
Brassica oleracea var.
capitata L.
Phaseolus vulgaris
Brassicaceae
Cultivated
Leaves
Papilionaceae
Cultivated
Leaves ,pod and seed
Chenopdium album L.
Chenopodiaceae
Weeds
Leaves and seeds
Cordia myxa Roxb.
Boraginaceae
Weeds
Leaves,bark,fruits and seed
Chana Bhaji
Charota
Bhaji
Chaulai
Bhaji
Chaulai
Kata
Chech Bhaji
Cicer arietinum L
Cassia tora L.
Papilionaceae
Caesalpiniaceae
Cultivated
Weeds
Leaves and seeds
Leaves and seeds
Amaranthus viridis L.
Amaranthaceae
Cultivated
Leaves and stem
Amaranthus spinosus
L.
Chorchorus olitorius
L.
Marsilea vestita Hook
& Grev.
Amaranthaceae
Weeds
Leaves and stem
Tiliaceae
Cultivated
Leaves
Marsileaceae
Weeds
Leaves
Daucus carota
Brassica oleracea
var.caularpa L.
Brassica oleracea
botrytis L.
Partulaca oleracea L.
Leucas cephalotes
Spreng.
Shorea robusta L.
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae
Cultivated
Cultivated
Leaves and roots
Stem
Brassicaceae
Cultivated
Leaves and inflorescence
Partulacaceae
Lamiaceae
Weeds
Weeds
Leaves,stem and whole plant
Leaves , flower and stem
Dipterocarpaceae
Weeds
Cleome viscosa
Capparidaceae
Weeds
Bark ,wood ,resin, seeds and
young leaves
Leaves and seeds
Amaranthhus
gangaticus L.
Lathyrus sp.
Cucumus sativus
Amaranthaceae
Weeds
Leaves and stem
Papilionaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Weeds
Cultivated
Leaves
Leaves and fruits
Gajar bhaji
Ganthgobhi
Bhaji
Gobhi Bhaji
21.
Gol Bhaji
Gumee
Bhaji
Haramgi or
Hargi Bhaji
Hurhuria
bhaji
Jadi Bhaji
22.
23.
Jillo Bhaji
Kakdi bhaji
20.
Ethnobotanically important
plant part
Solanaceae
Malvaceae
Oxalidaceae
14.
15.
19.
Habit
Solanum tuberosum L.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Oxalis corniculata
Chunchunia
Bhaji
17.
18.
Family
Aloo Bhaji
Amari Bhaji
Amrul,
Amblit or
tinpania
Bhaji
Bandhgobhi
Bhaji
Barbatti
Bhaji
Bathua
Bhaji
Bohar Bhaji
13.
16.
Botanical name
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
Kanda Bhaji
Karela bhaji
Karmota
Bhaji
Kaunaakeny
Bhaji
Kochai
Bhaji
Koliaari
Bhaji
Kumda
Bhaji
Kusum
Bhaji
Lakhadi
Bhaji
Lal Bhaji
Lauki bhaji
Masaria
Bhaji
Methi Bhaji
Ipomoea batatas Lam.
Momordica charantia
Ipomoea aquatica
Frosk.
Commelina
benghalensis L.
Colocasia antiquarum
Schott.
Bauhinia purpurea L.
Convolvulaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Convolvulaceae
Cultivated
Cultivated
Weeds
Leaves and tubers
Leaves, fruits,roots and seeds
Leaves
Commelinaceae
Weeds
Leaves
Araceae
Cultivated
Leaves
Caesalpiniaceae
Tree
Stem bark,flowers and leaves
Cucurbita maxima
Duch.
Carthemnus oxycantha
L.
Lathyrus sativa L.
Cucurbitaceae
Cultivated
Leaves and fruits
Asteraceae
Weeds
Leaves
Papilionaceae
Cultivated
Leaves
Amaranthus tricolour
L.
Lagenaria vulgaris
Corchorus
acutangulus Lam.
Trigonella foenum
graceum L.
Capsicum annum L.
Raphanus sativus L.
Moringa
pterygosperma Lam.
Amaranthaceae
Cultivated
Leaves and stem
Cucurbitaceae
Tiliaceae
Cultivated
Weeds
Leaves and fruits
Leaves
Papiolionaceae
Cultivated
Leaves and seeds
Solanaceae
Brassicaceae
Moringaceae
Cultivated
Cultivated
Tree
Leaves and fruits
Leaves and root
Leaves ,root,root
bark,flowers,fruits and seeds
37.
38.
39.
Mirchi Bhaji
Mooli Bhaji
Munga
Bhaji
40.
Muskeny
Bhaji
Palak Bhaji
Palak Bhaji
(Khatta)
Patawa
Bhaji
Patharri
Bhaji
Merremia emarginata
Burmf
Spinacea oleracea L.
Spinacea glabra L.
Convolvulaceae
Weeds
Leaves
Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Cultivated
Cultivated
Leaves
Leaves
Hibiscus cannbinus L.
Malvaceae
Weeds
Leaves
Boerhaavia diffusa L.
Nyctaginaceae
Weeds
Fresh whole plant, roots,
leaves and flowers
45.
Pipal Bhaji
Ficus religiosa L.
Urticaceae
Tree
46.
47.
Poi Bhaji
Pyaj Bhaji
Basella rubra L.
Allium cepa L.
Basellaceae
Liliaceae
Weeds
Cultivated
Bark ,shoot ,leaves and
fruits,wood
Leaves
Leaves and bulb(Red variety)
48.
Salsa Bhaji
Aizoaceae
Weeds
Leaves
49.
Sarson Bhaji
Trianthema
portulacastrum L.
Brassica compestris L.
Brassicaceae
Cultivated
Leaves and seeds
50.
Sem bhaji
Dolicus lablab
Papilionaceae
Cultivated
Lleaves and pod
51.
Urad Bhaji
Phaceolus radiatus L.
Papilionaceae
Cultivated
Leaves and seeds
41.
42.
43.
44.
615
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
Amaranthus viridis L.(10)
Spinacea glabra L.(42)
Cucurbita maxima Duch.(30)
Cleome viscose(20)
Marsilea vestita Hook & Grev. (13) Raphanus sativus L.(38) Brassica oleracea botrytis L.(16)Lagenaria vulgaris(34)
616
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
Spinacea oleracea L.(41) Colocasia antiquarum Schott.(28) Capsicum annum L.(37) Cicer arietinum L(8)
Allium cepa L.(47) Corchorus acutangulus Lam.(35)
Leucas cephalotes Spreng.(18) Daucus carota(14)
617
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
Brassica oleracea var.caularpa L. Dolicus lablab(50)
Raphanus sativus(38)
Cassia tora(9)
Trigonella foenum graceum L(38). Commelina benghalensis L (27) Partulaca oleracea L.(17)Cordia myxa Roxb.(7)
618
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
PLANT PARTS USED
60
50
40
30
20
PLANT PARTS USED
10
0
1.
Aizoaceae
2
Amaranthaceae
3
Araceae
4
Apiaceae
5
Asteraceae
6
Basellaceae
7
Boraginaceae
8
Brassicaceae
9
Caesalpiniaceae
10 Capparidaceae
(1 species out of 51
species of plants)
4 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
6 species out of 51
species of plants
2 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
Trianthema portulacastrum L.
1
Amaranthus viridis L., Amaranthus
spinosus L., Amaranthhus gangaticus L.,
Amaranthus tricolour L.
Colocasia antiquarum Schott.
4
Daucus carota,
1
Carthemnus oxycantha L
1
Basella rubra L.
1
Cordia myxa Roxb.
1
Brassica compestris L.,Brassica oleracea
var. capitata L., Brassica oleracea botrytis
L., Brassica oleracea var.caularpa L.,
Raphanus sativus L.
Cassia tora L.,
Bauhinia purpurea L
Cassia tora L
5
619
1
2
1
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
11 Chenopodiaceae
3 species out of 51
species of plants
12 Commelinaceae
1 species out of 51
species of plants
3 species out of 51
species of plants
13 Convolvulaceae
14 Cucurbitaceae
4 species out of 51
species of plants
15 Dipterocarpaceae
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
2 species out of 51
species of plants
16 Lamiaceae
17 Liliaceae
18 Malvaceae
Chenopdium album L.,
Spinacea oleracea L.,
Spinacea glabra L
Commelina benghalensis L.
3
Ipomoea batatas Lam.,
Ipomoea aquatica Frosk., Merremia
emarginata Burmf.
Cucumus sativus,
Cucurbita maxima Duch., Momordica
charantia,
Lagenaria vulgaris
Shorea robusta L.
3
Leucas cephalotes Spreng.
1
Allium cepa L.
1
Hibiscus cannbinus L.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.,
2
1
4
1
19 Marsileaceae
1 species out of 51
species of plants
Marsilea vestita Hook & Grev.
1
20 Moringaceae
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
7 species out of 51
species of plants
Moringa pterygosperma Lam.
1
Boerhaavia diffusa L.
1
Oxalis corniculata
1
Cicer arietinum L., ,Dolicus
lablab.,Lathyrus sp.,
Lathyrus sativa L., Phaceolus radiatus L.,
Phaseolus vulgaris, Trigonella foenum
graceum L.
Partulaca oleracea L.
7
Solanum tuberosum L., Capsicum annum L.
2
Chorchorus olitorius L., Chorchorus
olitorius L.
2
Ficus religiosa L.
1
21 Nyctaginaceae
22 Oxalidaceae
23 Papilionaceae
24 Partulacaceae
25 Solanaceae
26 Tiliaceae
27 Urticaceae
1 species out of 51
species of plants
2 species out of 51
species of plants
2 species out of 51
species of plants
1 species out of 51
species of plants
620
1
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 611-622
Bauhinia purpurea, Cordia myxa Roxb.,
Ficus
religiosa
L.,
Moringa
pterygosperma Lam. Shorea robusta.
Daucus carota., Momordica charantia.,
Moringa pterygosperma Lam., Raphanus
sativus L., Solanum tuberosum L.
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