Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 194-197
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) pp. 194-197
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Original Research Article
Community analysis of plant parasitic nematodes associated with
ornamental plants in Rajouri district (J&K), India
Aasia Rashid*, Shamim Ahmed Azad and Umar Farooq
Department of Botany, Government P.G. College, Rajouri- 185131(J&K), India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Keywords
Ornamental
plants;
parasitic
nematodes,
Community
structure.
A survey of ornamental plants in Rajouri district of J&K was conducted to record
the nematode community structure. Nine plant parasitic nematodes viz;
Aphelenchoides sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Longidorus sp.,
Meloidogyne sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Tylenchus sp., and
Xiphinema sp., were isolated and identified from 217 soil samples collected from
the rhizosphere of ornamental plants. Out of these nematodes, the highest
frequency of occurrence was recorded in Meloidogyne sp. (76.49%) followed by
Helicotylenchus (54.83%), Hoplolaimus (37.32%), Rotylenchulus (42.39%),
Tylenchorhynchus (25.03%), Tylenchus (19.81%), Xiphinema (16.58%),
Longidorus (10.13) and Aphelenchoides (8.75%).
Introduction
Plant parasitic nematodes have been
recognized as one of the limiting factors in
the normal production of vegetable crops
and ornamental plantations all over the
world. Plant parasitic nematodes affect the
economy of crop in diverse ways such as
reduction in quality and quantity of crops,
application
of
nematicides
and
impediment of production and trade by
phytosanitary
regulations
(Weischer,
1968). Rajouri District is located in the
foothills of Pir Panjal Range. The Districts
Udhampur and Jammu surround the
District in the East, Line of actual control
passes on the Southern side, on the West it
is bounded by Poonch District and
Shopian District is on the North.
194
The climate of the region varies from
semitropical to temperate. A number of
floristic studies were carried out in this
area to record the floristic composition
from time to time. Main emphasis have
been made on the ethno-botanical work
(Azad and Asia, 2013; Azad, 2013 and
Azad and Shah, 2012).
In today s world of consumer boom, role
of ornamental plants have increased many
folds. Interest is increasing in growing
ornamentals as a profitable business. So
far these plants have not yet received any
desired attention regarding nematode
problems from this area. To fill in the
lacunae therefore, a survey was conducted
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 194-197
to assess community structure of phytonematodes with some ornamental plants.
and lowest in Antirrhinium majus
(35/200cm 3soil). The maximum density
of Tylenchorynchus was found in Tagetes
erecta (42/200cm3soil) and lowest in
Bougaiinvillea spectabilis (20/200cm
3
soil). However, it was absent in
Antirrhinium majus and Dahlia variabilis.
The highest density of Hoplolaimus and
Tylenchus was found in Dahlia variabilis
(76/200cm3soil) and Tagetes erecta
(46/200cm3 soil). The dagger nematode,
Xiphinema was absent in Dahlia
variabilis, however its highest density was
found
in
Antirrhinium
majus
3
(30/200cm soil).
Aphelenchoides was
found in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and
Dahlia variabilis only.
Materials and Methods
Soil samples were collected from the
vicinity of different ornamental plantsAntirrhinium
majus,
Bougainvillea
spectabilis, Dahlia variabilis, Hibiscus
rosa-sinensis, Rosa indica and Tagetes
erecta. Samples were collected in
polythene bags, properly labelled and
stored at 5-10°C until processed for
nematode extraction. The nematodes were
extracted from the soil by using the
Cobb s decanting and sieving method
followed by Baermann funnel technique
(Southey, 1986). The nematodes present in
the suspension were identified upto
generic level and population of each
nematode in soil sample was estimated.
Relative
Density
(RD),
Relative
Frequency (RF) and Absolute Frequency
(AF) and Prominence value (PV) were
calculated by using the formula proposed
by Norton (1978).
Looking at the different parameters used
in the study, it is revealed that
Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus were
the most common plant parasitic
nematodes associated with ornamental
plants in Rajouri district. Most of the
ornamental plants infested with plant
parasitic nematodes showed symptoms of
yellowing of leaf and stunting of plant
growth. The data also revealed that the
diversity and the population of nematodes
in all the soil samples taken were nonuniform. This may be attributed to certain
factors such as soil moisture, temperature
etc. These results are also in agreement
with those of Saba et al. 2003 who
reported that the diversity of nematodes
was found to be fluctuated at different
times, at different stages of plants and in
soils having different type of plants. Thus
the present investigations have clearly
indicated that the associations of plant
parasitic nematodes are highly pathogenic
in nature. Therefore, their occurrence in
high densities may pose a threat to some
ornamental plants. Hence, it needs
immediate attentions of the growers and
researchers.
Results and Discussion
The result revealed that a large number of
plant parasitic nematodes were found to be
associated with ornamental plants. Among
them, nine plant parasitic nematodes were
identified and listed in Table-1 with their
respective host plant. The data presented
in (Table 1-3) clearly showed that the
highest density of root-knot nematode
Meloidogyne was observed in Rosa indica
(118/200cm 3soil) and lowest in Tagetes
erecta (90/200cm3 soil). Similarly, the
highest density of reniform nematode,
Rotylenchulus reniformis was observed in
Dahlia variabilis (42/200cm3 soil) and
lowest in Bougainvillea spectabilis
(32/200cm3soil).The highest density of
spiral nematode, Helicotylenchus was
found in Tagetes erecta (101/200cm3soil)
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 194-197
Table.1 Occurrence of plant parasitic nematode in ornamental plants
Ornamental plants
Nematode
Total
No. of
samples
217
General
frequency
of
occurrence
(%)
R.indica
(42)
T.erecta
(30)
14
H. rosa
sinensis
(45)
-
-
-
19
8.75
10
20
34
20
20
119
54.83
12
22
10
10
15
12
81
37.32
-
08
-
02
08
04
22
10.13
Meloidogyne
22
30
35
37
20
22
166
76.49
Rotylenchulus
-
15
20
25
14
18
92
42.39
Tylenchorhynchus
-
-
10
18
19
16
63
29.03
Tylenchus
08
-
04
12
14
05
43
19.81
Xiphinema
05
-
04
10
11
06
36
16.58
A.majus
(40)
B. spectabilis
(25)
D.variabilis
(35)
Aphelenchoides
-
05
Helicotylenchus
15
Hoplolaimus
Longidorus
Table.2 Nematodes (per 200gm cm3 soil) associated with ornamental plants in Rajouri
Ornamental
plants
Aphelenchoides
Helicotylenchus
Hoplolaimus
Longidorus
Nematode
Meloidogyne
Rotylenchulus
Tylenchorhynchus
Tylenchus
Xiphinema
A. majus
Bougainvillea
spectabilis
Dahlia variabilis
Hibiscus rosasinensis
Rosa indica
Tagetes erecta
Total
-
35
64
24
54
12
102
110
32
20
24
16
30
08
12
64
44
69
76
47
18
-
105
98
42
34
29
11
14
76
59
101
372
22
74
297
08
36
74
118
90
623
37
38
183
23
42
114
21
46
118
19
24
95
196
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(1): 194-197
Table.3 Community analysis of plant parasitic nematodes associated
with ornamental plants
Nematode
Aphelenchoides
Helicotylenchus
Hoplolaimus
Longidorus
Meloidogyne
Rotylenchulus
Tylenchorhynchus
Tylenchus
Xiphinema
Average
No./200
cm3 soil
13
62
50
12
104
31
19
20
16
Absolute
frequency
Relative
frequency
Absolute
density
Relative
density
8.75
54.83
37.32
10.13
76.49
42.39
29.03
19.81
16.58
2.96
18.56
12.63
3.43
25.89
14.35
9.82
6.70
5.61
6.5
31
25
6
52
15.5
9.5
10
8
3.9
18.9
15.2
3.6
31.8
9.4
5.8
6.1
4.8
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