TDU Talk ISSUE 8 ▪ OCTOBER 2010 TEACHING PORTFOLIOS Developing a Teaching Portfolio for a Teaching Award Developing a Teaching Portfolio for a Job Application or Promotion Purposes Compiling a Portfolio for Professional Development Compiling a Teaching Portfolio as an Emotional Journey Dorothy Spiller, Senior Lecturer, Teaching Development Unit “ Welcome to this edition of TDU Talk. In this issue we discuss teaching portfolios and look at how they can be used in different ways in your teaching career. We outline some of the main uses for a teaching portfolio, their formative and summative benefits and offer strategies and guidelines for their development. The intended audience and purposes of the teaching portfolio will influence the style, content and selection of portfolio evidence. In this edition we will discuss three different purposes for which portfolios can be used and how these goals may influence the portfolio you create. These three purposes are developing a portfolio for a teaching award, compiling a portfolio for career advancement or as part of a job application and developing and maintaining a portfolio for one‟s own professional development purposes. While there is obvious overlap between these kinds of teaching portfolios and many items will be interchangeable, there may be a difference in style and emphasis. In this magazine we consider the different kinds of teaching portfolios and offer guidelines to enhance their quality and their usefulness. You may of course decide to compile a multi-purpose portfolio and just edit and amend it according to your purposes and context. In addition to the outline of requirements, guidelines and strategies, I also include some extracts from an article that I wrote in collaboration with my Waikato Management School colleague, Mary Fitzpatrick, on the emotions that may be generated when compiling a teaching portfolio. The teaching portfolio for professional development, in particular, is a kind of stocktaking exercise of one‟s journey as a teacher and it can be unsettling, even though beneficial, to engage with this process. ā We hope that this edition will encourage you to start documenting everyday aspects of your teaching so that you have the evidence both to create a public record of your teaching achievements and to produce a valuable tool for your ongoing professional development. Best wishes Dorothy & the TDU Team (Pip, Trudy, Shant & Preetha) OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK •2• Dorothy Spiller, Senior Lecturer, Teaching Development Unit As most people will know, the University of Waikato now offers teaching excellence awards at the Faculty and University level. The University award winners are selected from the Faculty level winners and the nominees for the national awards are chosen from the University award winners. We hope that the initiation of a teaching awards system across all the faculties will contribute to the development of faculty cultures that value and celebrate teaching. It is also the long-term hope that teaching award winners from different faculties will become spokespeople for teaching and act as change agents within their own areas. In order to simplify the process for award nominees at all levels, nominated teachers are required to compile a portfolio using the criteria and format required by Ako Aotearoa at the national level. This means that people eventually chosen to compete for a national award will already have a welldeveloped portfolio that only needs to be refined and polished for competing at the national level. The criteria for a portfolio for a teaching award The general and specific criteria for portfolio for a teaching award follow those specified by Ako Aotearoa (see http://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/akoaotearoa/ako-aotearoa/resources/pages/tertiary-teaching-excellenceawards): Criteria The following section provides information on the criteria to be used in assessing the portfolios. All nominees must demonstrate how they meet these criteria and the information must state whether the nomination has been made under the new kaupapa Māori criteria. The same criteria apply to teams of teachers, i.e. the team as a whole must meet all of the criteria. GENERAL CRITERIA In making its decisions, the Committee will be looking for evidence of the nominee’s sustained excellence in teaching/facilitating learning appropriate to the students. The Committee will also be looking for evidence of sustained commitment and development in the nominee’s practice as well as demonstrating how they have acted as leaders in their field, with colleagues or in the wider context of education. OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK •3• Nominees must make clear that they have practised and developed their skills, predominantly in New Zealand, over a minimum period of six (6) years. Overall the Committee will be looking for evidence that the nominee: is student-centred and has maintained over a significant time-frame, teaching practices which engage students and promote effective learning appropriate to the subject level and the background of the students; is proactive in his/her professional development as a teaching practitioner; and has had a positive influence on the teaching practice and/or the professional development of colleagues with respect to teaching and learning – either within his/ her organisation or more widely. In demonstrating teaching excellence the nominee’s portfolio should address: Design for learning The nominee has a track record of successful course and/or programme design, including: design for the assessment of student learning; learning outcomes relevant to student and/or stakeholder needs; teaching and learning strategies consistent with the learning outcomes being taught; acknowledgement of the diversity of students from different backgrounds and with different needs; and encouragement of student autonomy and acknowledgement of the experience of the student . Support should include systematic evidence from appropriately informed colleagues and/ or other stakeholders. Facilitating learning The nominee has a track record of successful teaching or facilitation of learning appropriate to his/her context (e.g. type of TEO; small group/large group/face to face/online/ distance/ work based): is enthusiastic for subject and for learning; teaching and learning strategies are appropriate to context and actively engage students; and students are supported to build confidence and capability. Systematic evidence from students and from colleagues with experience of the nominee’s teaching practice should be included. Individual citations from students should be referenced by the course title and the year of study. Assessing student learning The nominee has a successful track record in assessing student development, progress and achievement against expected learning outcomes: formative assessment strategies are used to build student capability and confidence; and summative assessment strategies are appropriate for the learning outcomes and the teaching and learning context. •4• OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK Support should include systematic evidence from students and colleagues. Individual citations from students should be referenced by the course title and the year of study. Evaluating learning and teaching The nominee consistently applies sound methodologies to evaluating his/her effectiveness as a teaching practitioner: student feedback is obtained and reflected on; colleague feedback is obtained and reflected on; and stakeholder/employer feedback (where appropriate) is obtained and reflected on. Evidence should include systematic summaries of feedback about teaching and courses over the period covered by the application. Professional development and leadership The nominee shows ongoing commitment to his/her own learning, and has been proactive in contributing to the development of effective teaching practice and/or the development of colleagues – either within his/her organisation or in a wider context: currency has been maintained in terms of both subject area/discipline and in teaching practice; and teaching methods and ideas are shared with colleagues either internally or externally, with evidence of positive impact on their practice. The nominee’s portfolio will describe concisely his/her practice as related to the above criteria and will contain reflections on his/her effectiveness with regard to each criterion, drawing specifically on the evidence available and referenced in the portfolio. Systematic summaries of student and peer feedback must be included and up to 6 references from students, peers and/or employers or other relevant parties. Individual citations from students should be referenced by the course title and the year of study. CONTRIBUTION IN A KAUPAPA MĀORI CONTEXT This new set of criteria are complementary and recognise the key areas of tertiary teaching excellence outlined in the existing criteria in a Kaupapa Māori tertiary teaching context. Nominees must make clear that they have practised and developed their skills, predominantly in New Zealand, over a minimum period of six (6) years. Mana - Leadership and Professional Development Rangatiratanga - leadership Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Evident qualities include dedication and commitment to some or all of following kaupapa Māori advancement, mātauranga Māori perspectives and world views, tikanga and te reo Māori; Demonstrates leadership and is innovative and/or creative; Team integrity is evident in success; OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK •5• Strategic development of teaching pathways; Contribution to teaching makes a significant contribution to the wider context of Māori progress in terms of whānau, hapū, iwi and the wider Māori community, and the development of the Māori communities formed by teachers and learners. Kaupapa Māori – Māori concepts Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Demonstrates use of and commitment to Māori teaching and learning frameworks; Demonstrates strong links between the use of Māori teaching and learning frameworks and ākonga, whānau, hapū, iwi and Māori development; Shows evidence of advancing kaupapa Māori based teaching either by the use of own research or by considering the research of others. Mātauranga Māori – Māori knowledge Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Promotes mātauranga Māori to the sector; Promotes discussion and use of Māori teaching and learning frameworks; Contributes to the discussion of Māori teaching and learning frameworks. Ūkaipōtanga - Loyalty Includes the following but open to other unique contributions: Committed to the kaupapa of the organisation they represent. Whanaungatanga – Relationships Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Demonstrates ability to form good relationships with teachers and learners; Supportive of team members and students. Kaitiakitanga – Guardianship/sustainability Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Sources of knowledge acknowledged and respected; Contributes to future development of programme/discipline; Has created new knowledge. Whakaakoranga – Teaching Excellence - Design for Learning, Facilitating Learning Kairangi - Excellence Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Excellence focussed, excellence encouraged; Achievement in higher learning encouraged; Demonstrates commitment and openness to excellence. Pūkengatanga - Skills Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Highly skilled, experienced, qualified; All publications express pūkengatanga; Pūkengatanga of team members is valued; Blending of learning, research and practice; •6• OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK Can communicate in te reo and/or has some knowledge of te reo in their subject area; Cross-disciplinary expertise is evident. Manaakitanga – Concern for colleagues and learners Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: High level of concern for and commitment to students; Teaching environment is mana-enhancing; Problems are resolved with generosity; Learning environment comfortable & healthy; Generous in sharing skills and knowledge with others; Creates a teaching environment that is focussed on conduciveness to learning; Spiritual needs of students and colleagues respected; Cross-disciplinary approaches are encouraged. Kotahitanga – Collaboration Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Is inclusive & shares information; Is focussed on the common good in work activities; Has a sense of place and orientation. Mātaki – Assessing Student Learning, Evaluation of Learning and Teaching Ākonga - Learners Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: The nominee has a successful track record in assessing student development, progress and achievement; Assessment strategies build student capability and confidence; Assessment strategies are appropriate for the learning outcomes and the teaching and learning context. Kaiako - Teaching Includes one or more of the following but open to other unique contributions: Uses sound methodologies to evaluate effectiveness as a teacher; Student and/or community feedback is encouraged, obtained and reflected on Colleague feedback is obtained and reflected on; Stakeholder/employer feedback (where appropriate) is obtained and reflected on. Taunaki - Evidence Includes one or more of the following but is open to other unique contributions: Teaching methodology is based on sound research/data; Shows evidence of use of latest research within current teaching practice; Supports use of frameworks with robust evidence particularly around outcomes for learners. The nominee’s portfolio will describe concisely his/her practice as related to the above criteria and will contain reflections on his/her effectiveness with regard to each criterion, drawing specifically on the evidence available and referenced in the portfolio. Systematic summaries of student and peer feedback must be included and up to 6 references from students, peers and/or employers or other relevant parties. Individual citations from students should be referenced by the course title and the year of study. OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK •7• Key messages I suggest that all nominees document their teaching to align with these basic categories, but within this format it is critical that you give your portfolio your own personal stamp. There are a number of principles and strategies that can help you to meet both the stated criteria and create a portfolio that communicates your unique identity as a university teacher and the experience of learning in your papers. There are some key messages that need to be evident across the portfolio. These include: Who am I as a teacher and what is the vision that informs all aspects of my teaching? This is the equivalent of the thesis statement of your teaching portfolio as this refers to the overriding principles and goals that inform the way you go about your work as a teacher. This vision can include: Personal values and beliefs Conceptualisation of the optimum teaching and learning environment Views of the relationship between teachers and learners Understanding of learners and the learning process Ideas about discipline specific and generic learning outcomes It is important to communicate this underpinning framework at the beginning of the portfolio and then demonstrate how the different components of your practice are informed by it. How do I actively engage in ways to inform my development as a teacher? Evaluators of award portfolios are interested to see evidence that the teacher is actively engaged in continuous improvement of practice. It is important to communicate how you collect systematic feedback in different ways and from a range of sources and to show how you respond to feedback to improve your practice. You should also be able to demonstrate ongoing commitment to and engagement with professional development opportunities both formal and informal. There is increasing expectation that academics underpin their practice with research-based scholarship, so if you read the higher education literature, participate in education-related conferences, subject your practice to research-based inquiry and publish research on teaching, all of these activities should be documented. Portfolio evaluators are looking for evidence that teaching is based on rigorous inquiry and not just intuition. •8• OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK How do I design my teaching to foreground student learning? One of the most consistent themes that should emerge from your portfolio is the way in which your teacher thinking, planning and behaviours are informed by the aspiration to create a high quality learning experience for your students. Consider how the following elements demonstrate how you plan and develop your teaching to promote student engagement and meaningful learning: Efforts to get to know the students and identify their prior learning Designing papers and teaching and learning approaches that recognise and accommodate student diversity Teaching, learning and assessment practices that help to build relationships with learners Teaching, learning and assessment practices that are relevant to the students‟ life experiences and future goals Regular efforts to obtain feedback on the students‟ learning Evidence of response to student feedback on their learning Accessibility and availability to students Teacher‟s language and terminology is appropriate for, or explained to students Evidence of assessment FOR learning Feedback practices that guide students‟ learning are an integral part of classroom learning and dialogue What evidence can I show of my leadership activities in relation to teaching and learning? Portfolio evaluators are looking for evidence of teachers who have an influence on teaching in their discipline community both within the university and in other arenas. Some questions to consider include: OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK What departmental or faculty teaching-related activities do I participate in? What university forums about teaching do I contribute to? In what ways do I share successes in my practice with discipline and university colleagues? What activities related to teaching outside the university do I participate in? What teaching-related conferences or publications do I contribute to? Do I keep in touch with the way other educational providers teach my discipline? •9• Communicating a persuasive message A portfolio that is compiled for an award is a public document that needs to be accessible and interesting to a range of readers. For the national awards, the decisions made about our top tertiary teachers are entirely based on what is communicated in the portfolio. In some instances, deserving teachers have missed out on awards because of poorly presented portfolios. Your goal is to create a living document which enables your reader to visualize the kind of teacher that you are and how you work with your students. Here are some things which make a difference: Voice Allow your voice (your unique identity) into the pages of the portfolio. Allow the reader to experience your values, aspirations and emotions in relation to teaching. Incorporate other voices into the portfolio, especially the comments of your students. Their views help to communicate the experience of being a participant in your learning environment. Also invite the voices of your peers, collaborators and outsiders who know you within a teaching context. Telling a story Try not to create a portfolio for an award that reads like a collection of facts; create a story around your teaching experiences and enliven it with mini-narratives. Use examples, illustrations and analogies to give colour and vivacity to your narrative. Support with evidence The most powerful evidence is the feedback from your students. This may come in many forms such as formal evaluations, in class comments, unsolicited expressions of thanks. You may also include evidence of student learning and engagement with an idea, a concept or a value that is central to the learning you hope they will experience. Also, feedback from students who are already in the workforce can be very affirming. Use evidence from your research into your own teaching or from the scholarship of others to support teaching approaches or innovations that you have tried. Visual impact Plan the visual appearance of your portfolio to achieve maximum impact, to capture reader attention and to support the narrative of your teaching and the ideas that it promotes. • 10 • OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK Dorothy Spiller, Senior Lecturer, Teaching Development Unit A career portfolio is one of the requirements of the Postgraduate Certificate in Tertiary Teaching. The categories are similar to those for the awards portfolio but this portfolio is for use in job or promotion applications. Many tertiary institutions now require a portfolio as part of the job application process. This form of portfolio resembles a fleshed-out CV and documentation of achievement rather than personal exploration of one‟s teaching. It needs to be succinct and written in a style that is accessible to people who may not be familiar with the higher education terminology. The writing should be formal and concise, and the format simple and easily readable. While there is some variation as to what academics may include in this type of portfolio, it should generally include the following components: A statement of your teaching philosophy Provide a succinct account of the core principles that govern your practice. Use the appropriate terminology, but make sure that you explain all terms. Reference the higher education literature where appropriate. Examples of your teaching and assessment practices Provide an overview of your current teaching responsibilities. Select examples of your teaching and assessment that you want to comment on or link to your overall teaching values. Examples of innovation in teaching or assessment. Explain the innovation, its purposes and what it achieved. Feedback on and evaluation of teaching Include course evaluations, informal feedback from students, in class feedback, examples of students‟ work, testimonials and peer feedback. Examples of professional development Include TDU activities, individual consultations, teaching conferences, departmental teaching activities and professional reading. Contributions to the teaching of others Include informal or formal mentoring, teaching-related departmental activities, teaching-related committees, resource sharing and teachingrelated conference presentations. Teaching-related publications List publications on teaching in refereed journals. • 11 • OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK Dorothy Spiller, Senior Lecturer, Teaching Development Unit The primary purpose of this type of portfolio is to foster your ongoing professional development. While the other two portfolios are more product focused, this portfolio can be a more formative and process orientated experience. It is a combination of documentation and a teaching diary. It should be a place to explore your teacher thinking and practice, document reflections, emotions, innovations, changes in perceptions and your evolving sense of your learners and yourself as a teacher. The audience is you and a chosen mentor or colleague with whom you can talk through aspects of what you identify and discover in the process. Generally, the process of compiling a portfolio for professional development is optimized when it is accompanied by reflective conversations with a teaching developer/mentor or colleague that you trust. Conversation often provides the tools to respond richly to experiences or move forward from particular places and try out different approaches. The components of this portfolio are very similar to the other two and you will often be using material from an ongoing professional development portfolio to inform an awards or career portfolio. However there are some important differences: This portfolio works best when it is open-ended, exploratory and provisional. In this portfolio, you can explore in depth the influences that have made you the teacher that you are such as your own learning experiences, different teaching contexts, personal history and the scholarship of teaching. You can write this portfolio in any style that you like and in your personal voice. You can include all forms of feedback such as cards and emails or student comments. To benefit from this portfolio process, you should jot down both positive and negative experiences from your teaching and examine the insights that they have provided you. You can include a diary element in which you jot down brief musings after classes and assessments, such as student misunderstandings, moments of illumination or problems with the clarity of an assessment. It is important to capture these jottings as they happen, because much is glossed over or lost with time. These jottings provide the starting point for revisions in the next iteration of the course and the basis for reflection, development and goal-setting for the future. OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK • 12 • Dorothy Spiller, Senior Lecturer, Teaching Development Unit Mary Fitzpatrick and I wrote an article on portfolios that was published in Higher Education Research and Development, 29 (2), 2010. In this article, we argue for the benefits of differentiating between portfolios written for the public domain, such as for promotions and awards and a portfolio written for one‟s professional growth. While we acknowledge that there is considerable overlap between these portfolios, there is a strong argument for preserving a portfolio which is a safe reflection and conversational space and which will not be used for career advancement. The research which eventually resulted in this publication was triggered by the strong emotional response of some of the Postgraduate Certificate in Tertiary Teaching participants when they had to write a multi-purpose portfolio. Their reactions led us to examine the emotional dimensions of learning about teaching and to look for ways of helping people to manage this unsettling terrain. As an outcome of this research, course teachers split the portfolio requirements for the Certificate into two portfolios, the Career Portfolio and the Personal Portfolio. More generally, the research findings have heightened our sense of the emotional dimension of exploring one‟s teaching and we believe that it is useful for all teachers to be aware of this. We include some sections of the article to illuminate these comments. The literature underpinning our study emphasized the centrality of emotion in both the teaching and learning processes. Compiling a portfolio often prompts transformative learning opportunities about our teaching which is in itself has a strong emotional component. The emotions of teaching are…not just a sentimental adornment to the more fundamental parts of the [ teaching] work. They are fundamental in and of themselves. They are deeply intertwined with the purposes of teaching, the political dynamics of educational policy and school life, the relationships that make up teaching, and the senses of self which teachers invest in their work. (Hargreaves, 1998, p.30) The article notes that: After 20 years of serious academic work and increasing empirical research, there is now a growing body of work that supports the fundamental importance of emotions in teachers‟ personal lives, in their classroom behavior and in the formation of their professional identity as teachers (eg. Hargreaves, 1994, 1998; Palmer, 1998; Pelias,2004; Zembylas, 2003). Kelchtermans (2005) • 13 • OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK The article then considers the complicated relationship between emotions and learning: Corresponding to the interdependence of emotions and teaching, there is also a complex interface between emotions and learning. The literature on the dynamic interplay of emotions and learning is also relevant to this research context, where the tertiary teachers are learners, committed to a better understanding of themselves in their role as teachers. Of special interest is the work that locates emotions at the centre of our subjective sense-making, establishing emotions as an integral part of learning itself. Emotions are fundamental to our construction of ourselves and our relationships with others and the world (Day & Leitch, 2001; van den Berg, 2002). When emotions are intense, they create what Geijsel and Meijers (2005) describe as a „strong commotion of mind” (p. 424) that disturbs our thinking and therefore disrupts our learning in general. Within this broader recognition of the centrality of emotions in both the teaching and learning process, the article considers the emotions that can be generated in the process of compiling a teaching portfolio: In this research we focus on the emotions experienced by tertiary teachers compiling a teaching portfolio as a professional development activity. Hargreaves (1998), emphasizing the emotionality inherent in teacher development, explains that teachers are putting their professional identity at risk when they learn new ways of becoming better teachers. Successful teacher development inevitably challenges the individual teacher‟s sense of self and the assumptions underlying their teaching practice. Therefore, successful professional development also involves experiences of disturbance or “existential insecurity” and vulnerability, accompanied by such emotions such as fear, anxiety, guilt and shame, as the teacher confronts the risks and, later by the emotional rush that comes with triumph (Dads,1993; Day & Leitch, 2001; Hargreaves, 1998; Sachs, 1997). The findings of our study showed participants’ reactions to the experience of compiling a teaching portfolio were mixed but there were some recurrent themes: These related themes can be broadly categorized as uncertainty generated by the multiple purposes of this portfolio task and emotional destabilization experienced in the process of taking stock of oneself as a teacher. Generally, the period of emotion accompanying “strong commotion of mind” (Geisel & Meijers, 2005, p.425) culminated in a sense of reaffirmation of the self as a teacher.…… As Kelchtermans (2005) argues, the presence of intense emotions signals that something of vital importance is at stake; in this instance it appears to be about traversing the jagged and uneven terrain towards self-knowledge and growth as a teacher. OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK • 14 • However, this „commotion of mind‟ is what may be needed to move teachers from established practice to implementation of improved practice. Lewin‟s „unfreeze, remould, refreeze‟ metaphor covers this process (attributed to Lewin in Kent, 2001). Teachers who wish to change their practice, or are confronted by an urgent need to change it, experience „unfreezing‟ when they have to let go of established ways of teaching. The emotion referred to in the paper described above happens in this phase. It can also accompany the remoulding phase, as teachers implement changed practice, write reflections in their portfolios about this process, and then cement the new practice in, as the „refreezing‟ phase. While the entire process aims to refresh and renew practice, reflecting on it can raise quite unexpected emotional responses. 19-22 October 2010, Liverpool, UK 13-14 November 2010, Faculty of Education, University of Waikato, Hamilton http://www.crrp.ac.nz 17-19 November 2010, University of Waikato, Hamilton www.nzethnographyconference.com 25-26 November 2010, University of Lincoln, Christchurch http://www.lincoln.ac.nz/AHEEF-2010 Congratulations to Dr Eva Collins and Prof Kate Kearins for their successful publication in the Academy of Management Learning and Education (v. 9, #3, September 2010, a top ranked journal. Their article Delivering on Sustainability's Global and Local Orientation can be found online at http://aomonline.org/alert.asp? i=IZZU&m=73 18-21 April 2011, Stellenbosch, South Africa www.postgraduate2011.co.za • 15 • OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK Dadds, M. (1993). The feeling of thinking in professional self-study. Educational Action Research, 1 (2), 287-303 Day, C. & Leitch, R. (2001), Teachers‟ and teacher educators‟ lives: The role of emotion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17 (4) 403-415 Fitzpatrick, M. & Spiller, D. (2010). The teaching portfolio: institutional imperative or teacher‟s personal journey?, Higher Education Research and Development, 29:2, 167-178 Geijsel, F., & Meijers, F. (2005). Identity learning: the core process of educational change. Educational Studies, 31 (4), 419-430 Hargreaves, A. (1994). Changing teachers, changing times: Teachers’ work and culture in the Postmodern age. London: Cassell Kent, R.H. (2001). Installing Change: an executive guide for implementing and maintaining organizational change. Winnipeg: Pragma Press, Inc., 2nd edition 2001 (pdf version), downloaded from http:// www.mansis.com/freeze.htm on 22/09/10 Kelchtermans, G. (2005). Teachers emotions in educational reforms. Selfunderstanding, Vulnerable commitment and micropolitical literacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21 (8), 995-1006 Palmer, P.J. (1998). The Courage to teach. San Francisco: Jossey Bass Pelias, R. J. (2004). A Methodology of the heart: Evoking academic and daily life. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Sachs, J. (1997). Reclaiming the agenda of teacher professionalism: An Australian experience. Journal of Education for Teaching, 23 (3) 263 -275 Van den Berg, R. (2002). Teachers‟ meanings regarding educational practice. Review of Educational Research, 72 (4), 577-625 Zembylas, M. (2003). Emotions and teacher identity: A post-structural perspective. Teachers and Teaching, 9 (3), 213-239 OCTOBER 2010 • TDU TALK • 16 • October Professional Development at a Glance Make a space at your place for teaching Some of the best learning happens through conversation and most of the working life of academics is focused around the department. So why not make the occasional space for conversation about teaching in your department? ĀHANGA
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