APPENDIX 1. (All Management Procedure Tables).
MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR INFORMATION AND TRAINING SESSIONS
TIME
NEW
RESIDENTIAL
STUDENTS
NEW NONRESIDENTIAL
STUDENTS
Situational
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
NEW STAFF
Conduct
information session
and tour as
appropriate.
Conduct
information session
and tour and hand
out “Welcome to
Rothwells”
document
Questions and
suggestions
session
Conduct
information session
and tour
TEMPOARY/
PART TIME
STAFF
Conduct
information session
and tour as
appropriate.
CASUAL STAFF
Conduct
information
session and tour
as appropriate.
INVITED AND
CASUAL
VISITORS
Conduct
information
session and tour
as appropriate.
MAINTENANCE
STAFF
Conduct information
session and tour as
appropriate.
MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR BUILDINGS
TIME
Situational
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
COMPOSTING TOILETS
Maintenance
· Investigate all problems as
they occur.
· Remove and bury composted
material as required.
· Bury composted material in
designated zone. See
management zone map.
HEATING/COOLING SYSTEM
Maintenance
· Investigate
problems/malfunctions as they
occur.
WOODEN COMPONENTS
Each room should have:
· Occupant guidelines
· Refuse and recycling bin
· “Campus charter” – principles
for attainment of environmental
sustainability
Oil exposed wood surfaces
Switch building operation mode to
winter setting, when appropriate.
·
·
November
December
ROOM INFORMATION AND
FACILITIES
Switch building operation mode
to summer setting
Remove all obstacles blocking
louvres
PROCEDURES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
TIME
RECYCLING
Situational
Purchasing
·
All goods and service contracts should include
environmentally sensitive specifications.
·
Recycled paper products should be given
purchasing preference.
·
Preference should be given to materials
without packaging or in reusable or recyclable
packaging or containers.
·
Printing equipment that can print double sided
should be purchased or made available to
each department. Double-sided printing
should be set as the default option for all
computers
New Buildings
·
Every office/room should have a paper
recycling bin in addition to a refuse bin.
Maintenance
·
Only the recyclable contents of the bin liner
should be emptied and bag reused. Do not
place plastic bag in the recycling bin.
Overall
·
Paper should be used on both sides before
being placed in the recycling bin.
·
Envelopes should be reused.
·
Email should be used in preference over
paper.
·
Printing should only occur when necessary.
Develop Purchasing Policy
Prepare/Review Action Plans
Maintenance
Overall
·
Dripping taps and
·
Place only authorised materials in
water leaks should be
recycling bins.
Items Authorised for Yellow Lid
reported and fixed
Recycling Bins:
immediately.
Overall
Magazines and newspapers,
Paper and cardboard, including
·
Taps should not be left
items such as telephone books and
running unnecessarily.
boxes (not waxed),
Rinsed milk and juice cartons,
Rinsed plastic containers and
bottles with a recycle symbol, no lids
if possible,
All cleaned green, clear and amber
glass bottles and jars only, no lids if
possible, and
Cleaned aluminium and tin cans.
Non-Authorised:
No plastic wrap or plastic bags
No ceramic cups and plates, tiles,
mirrors, window glass or light globes,
No food stuffs, batteries, nappies
or general rubbish,
No waxed cardboard.
No paints, chemicals or oils.
·
·
·
·
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost and resources.
WASTE MINIMISATION
GARBAGE DISPOSAL
Prepare/Review Action
Plans
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost
and resources.
ORGANIC WASTE
Maintenance
·
Where appropriate fallen branches
and ground litter should be left
where they fall and not gathered
into tidy piles.
·
Create habitat by placing
fallen/pruned branches and limbs
around campus in suitable
locations.
·
Mulch/chip plant matter on site for
use on grounds and/or use
suitable limbs and branches as
borders for garden beds.
·
Compost smaller green waste
items and kitchen food scraps.
·
Remove composted material from
composting toilets as required.
·
Bury material from composting
toilets only in designated zone.
Prepare/Review Action Plans
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost and resources.
Prepare/Review Action Plans
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost and
resources.
PROCEDURES FOR MANAGEMENT OF VEGETATION
TIME
Situational
SLASHING
WEED CONTROL
PLANTING
Maintenance
·
Clean slashing
machinery when
moving between
weed infested
areas and 'clean'
area.
Contractors
·
Slashing
contractors to
clean their
equipment before
coming onto the
grounds to
minimise the
introduction of
new weed
species.
Maintenance
·
Upon detection of any new weed
species prepare and implement
control strategy.
·
When small numbers of weeds are
first sighted in 'clean' areas, weed
control should be conducted
immediately to prevent further
spread.
·
Remove weed species growing in
native turf areas as soon as
sighted.
·
Where appropriate, alternative
methods of weed control should be
given priority over herbicide.
·
Do not spray in close proximity to
water bodies or wetlands. Do not
spray native plants.
·
Limit movements of vehicles from
infested areas to 'clean' areas.
·
Circulate illustrations of weeds
likely to infest the campus among
all site staff
Overall
·
Where appropriate, conduct weed
control in partnership with TAFE.
Prepare/review work plans and control
strategy for weed species, particularly
noxious weeds. (Paterson's Curse, St
Johns Wort, and Blackberry
Conduct summer survey of weed
species. Map and monitor movements.
Maintenance
·
Plant indigenous
species according to
landscape plan.
·
Avoid planting in lines.
·
plant trees and shrubs
in clumps, not evenly
spaced.
·
Plant a mix of trees,
shrubs herbs and
grasses.
·
Use mulch to control
weeds.
·
Replace any plants that
die or are vandalised.
·
Control weeds until
plants are established.
·
Water young plants
during dry periods.
Maintenance
·
Fertiliser is not
necessary for any
native plants.
Overall
·
Fallen branches and
ground litter should
be left where they
fall, or relocate. Do
not gather into tidy
piles and/or remove.
Prepare/review landscaping
plan in consultation with
appropriate SEIS and
Herbarium staff.
Prepare/review work plans
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost and
resources.
·
·
·
Conduct spring survey of weed
species. Map and monitor
movements.
Evaluate weed control strategies.
January
February
August
September
October
November
December
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in
cost and resources.
Slash Paterson's
Curse before it flowers
to prevent setting
seed.
Conduct follow up
slashing of Paterson's
Curse
·
PRUNING/REMOVAL
WATERING
Maintenance
Maintenance
·
Garden waste should be composted or mulched ·
Water grounds
for use on the campus grounds.
and garden
beds when
·
Larger green waste items should be suitably
evaporation is
located around the campus to increase
low (early
biodiversity and habitat value.
mornings, late
Overall
evenings.)
·
Any fallen vegetation should be left where it falls,
Young plants
where appropriate, or relocated. Do not tidy into ·
and stressed
piles or remove from the campus (Figure 1)
individuals
·
Only remove/ fell vegetation that is absolutely
should be
necessary. Consult with OH&S committee for
watered
their assessment of risk, and appropriate staff
occasionally
from SEIS or Herbarium for assessment of
during dry
habitat and educational value
periods to
·
Prior to removal conduct check for fauna. Upon
maintain health
detection the animal(s) should be suitably
relocated.
·
Any hollows that absolutely must be removed
should be removed in tact, suitably relocated and
secured to a mature tree.
·
Upon detection of native bird species nesting in
vegetation to be removed, removal should be
delayed until nesting is complete, wherever
possible.
Conduct annual health
and safety check of
vegetation
Conduct any works arising
from vegetation check.
March
April
May
June
July
MAINTENANCE
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost
and resources.
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in
cost and resources.
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost and resources.
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings
in cost and
resources.
PROCEDURES FOR MANAGEMENT OF FAUNA
TIME
Situational
FAUNA
Overall
·
Record incidental sightings of fauna in log book
·
Contact the Wildlife Information Rescue Service
(WIRES) about any injured native fauna found
on campus.
Maintenance
·
Before any vegetation is removed (pruning,
felling) conduct check for fauna that may be
inhabiting resource. Upon detection the animal
should be suitably relocated. If the animal is a
rare, threatened or endangered species the
NSW National Parks and Wildlife service
should be notified
·
Upon detection of native bird species nesting in
vegetation to be removed, such removal should
be delayed until nesting is complete.
·
Marker posts should be erected at a safe
distance around any native birds found nesting
on the ground in the vicinity of a work site.
·
Native birds found nesting in vegetation in close
proximity to a work site should not be disturbed
and the area fenced off, until nesting is
completed.
January
February
WATER FOWL
Maintenance
·
Any works conducted in the
wetland areas of the campus
should be conducted in
sensitive manner. Do not
disturb nesting native
waterfowl.
·
Areas in a strip of pasture 5m
wide on the margins of the
reservoirs that provide
protective cover for waterfowl
should not be disturbed until
the wetland areas are suitably
landscaped.
Construction
·
Design and construct a bird
hide suitable for teaching
purposes. Consult with SEIS
staff as to suitable location and
access route.
HABITAT
VERMIN CONTROL
Maintenance
·
Place nest boxes in
appropriate locations
around the campus grounds
Maintenance
·
Preference should be given to
environmentally sensitive
control methods e.g mouse
traps instead of poison which
may travel through the food
chain.
·
Seek professional advice in
developing pest control
strategies for rabbits, foxes and
hares.
·
Encourage local effort with
neighbouring landholders when
planning and implementing
control strategies.
·
·
Prior to removing any
vegetation, a check should
be undertaken to locate any
fauna that may be
inhabiting the resource,
particularly tree hollows.
For any vegetation
containing a hollow, that
absolutely requires removal,
the hollow section should
be kept intact, relocated
and securely positioned in a
suitable mature tree nearby.
Prepare/review vermin control plan
Conduct maintenance check of bird
hide.
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
Conduct annual fauna survey.
October
November
December
Evaluate vermin control plans
MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR LAND DISTURBANCE/CONSTRUCTION SITES
TIME
Situational
STORMWATER
MANAGEMENT
SITE MANAGEMENT
Planning
·
Contract developers to prepare an environmental
management site layout plan for all construction
works addressing:
- All areas to be protected, particularly vegetation to be
retained,
- The location and type of all stormwater management,
erosion and sediment control measures,
- Placement of stockpiles and storage facilities,
- Waste disposal sites e.g for unused mixed cement prior
to removal,
- Haulage routes and site access, and
- Refuelling sites.
Overall
·
·
Clean ‘run-on’ stormwater
should be diverted away from
disturbed areas
Polluted stormwater from
disturbed sites should not be
directed into swales or
wetland areas.
EROSION CONTROL
ROADS/CARPARKS
Overall
·
Keep land clearance to a minimum
·
The interval between clearing and
revegetation should be kept to a
minimum.
·
Vehicles to be kept to well defined haul
routes
·
Minimise vehicle movements in wet
weather.
·
Clean ‘run-on’ stormwater should be
diverted away from exposed areas.
·
Retain as much vegetation as possible.
Planning
·
Review current locations of vehicle
access tracks.
·
Prepare campus site plan of vehicle
access routes taking into consideration
aesthetic placement and the need to
minimise environmental damage.
·
Revegetate unnecessary vehicle tracks.
Prepare/review work plans
Prepare/review work plans
Update campus signage
Construction Site
Locate stockpiles away from drainage lines,
depressions and watercourses. Do not locate on
vegetation to be preserved.
·
Establish erosion and sediment control measures
around stockpiles.
·
Do not store chemicals or fuel anywhere near swales
or wetland areas.
·
Only refuel at designated sites.
·
Ensure high level of site housekeeping, provide
recycling bins.
Prepare/review work plans
·
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Prepare/review work plans
Biannual repainting of parking spaces
·
·
Submit budget
Identify savings in cost and resources.
Submit budget
Identify savings in cost and
resources.
Monitor stormwater management
control measures during rainy
season.
·
·
Commence works to remedy
stormwater management
problems.
Commence works to remedy erosion problems
·
·
Submit budget
Identify savings in cost and resources.
Monitor erosion control measures during rainy
season.
·
·
Submit budget
Identify savings in cost and resources.
MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR DOCUMENTATION
TIME
ECOLOGICAL INCIDENT
DIARY/LOG BOOK
As required
·
·
·
An ecological incident
refers to an event such as
fauna species nesting on
campus or a sighting of
significant species.
All species sighted on
campus should be recorded
to aid in providing an
indication of biodiversity
over time.
The diary/log book may be
kept in the SEIS staff room.
CONSTRUCTION DIARY/LOG
BOOK
LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT
DIARY LOG BOOK
·
·
·
·
The construction diary/log
book will provide a record of
what works have been
carried out on the campus.
This may include minor
maintenance to
construction of buildings
and facilities.
The diary/log book will
enable works on the
campus to be reviewed and
potential cost savings
identified.
Locate diary/log book with
Buildings and Grounds
Department
·
·
Record all site modifications
(roads, erosion control etc.)
Record all plantings
including species, amount
and location.
Locate diary/log book with
Head Gardener
VISITORS BOOK
·
·
Will provide a record of VIP
visitors and purpose of visit
to campus.
Locate visitor books with
Pro-Vice Chancellor and
University Public Relations
Staff.
MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR WATER RESOURCES
TIME
Situational
January
GREYWATER TREATMENT
WETLANDS
RESERVOIRS
HILL TOP DAMS
Maintenance
·
Operate treatment ponds as
required.
·
Report any problems immediately.
Overall
·
No chemicals should be used or
stored in close proximity to
wetlands.
·
No stormwater or run-off water
from construction sites or car parks
should be directed into or towards
wetlands.
Prepare/review work plans
Overall
·
No chemicals should
be used or stored in
close proximity to
wetlands.
·
No stormwater or runoff water from
construction sites or
car parks should be
directed into or
towards wetlands
Maintenance
·
Monitor water
levels
·
Minimise water
use, water grounds
and garden beds
when evaporation
is low.
Prepare/review work
plans
·
Prepare/review
wetland landscaping
plan.
·
Monitor reservoirs for
signs of algal blooms
Monitor reservoirs for signs
of algal blooms
Prepare/review work
plans
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
·
·
Submit budget
Identify savings in cost and
resources
Harvest pond vegetation in sections,
allow for some regrowth before further
harvesting.
Undertake weed control
·
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost
and resources
Conduct maintenance
check of windmill and solar
pump.
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings in
cost and resources
SWALES
Prepare/review work plans
·
·
·
During rainy season identify any actual
and potential erosion problems.
Submit budget.
Identify savings in cost and resources
Conduct works to remedy and prevent
erosion problems.
Monitor reservoirs for signs
of algal blooms
INSTREAM
WETLANDS
Prepare/review
work plans
·
·
Submit budget.
Identify savings
in cost and
resources
Monitor plant
growth, some
thinning may need
to be undertaken
PROCEDURES FOR WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MONITORING
TIME
TREATMENT WETLANDS
COMPOSTING TOILETS
RESERVOIRS
GROUND WATER
Maintenance
·
Investigate all problems as
they occur.
·
Dispose of mature
compost, as required.
·
Rake compost chambers
as required.
·
Review performance
·
Identify cost savings
Measure and record ground
water depth.
Situational
Maintenance
·
Maintain operational log book.
·
Report and investigate all
malfunctions/problems immediately.
January
·
·
February
Conduct three monthly water monitoring
program.
Water quality
·
Monitor reservoirs for algal blooms
and report upon detection.
Maintenance
·
Investigate all problems relating to
the windmill and solar pump as they
occur.
·
Review water monitoring program.
·
Identify cost savings.
·
Conduct annual maintenance check
of windmill and solar pump.
Conduct three monthly water
monitoring program.
Conduct comprehensive annual water
monitoring program
Conduct comprehensive annual water
monitoring program.
Measure and record ground
water depth
Conduct three monthly water monitoring
program
Conduct three monthly water
monitoring program.
Measure and record ground
water depth
Conduct three monthly water monitoring
program
Conduct three monthly water
monitoring program.
Measure and record ground
water depth
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Review water monitoring program.
Identify cost savings.
APPENDIX 2.
This one page document is intended to be placed in each office, communal room and
bedroom.
GUIDELINES FOR OCCUPANTS TO MAXIMISE EFFICIENCY AND
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ASPECTS OF BUILDINGS.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Louvres above each internal door should normally be open to allow for effective
air circulation. This is essential in summer to assist with night cooling.
During warmer months, obstructions to airflow through the louvres below external
windows must be removed to allow for effective operation.
All doors and windows leading to the outside should be kept closed to maintain
warmth/coolness in the buildings. Periods during which windows are open should
be kept short or the room concerned should be isolated by closing the door and
internal louvres.
Overhead fans have been installed featuring two settings: winter and summer.
The winter setting aids in drawing air up and circulating the warmth rising from
the floor heating. In summer, the fan operates in reverse to direct air downwards
cooling the occupant. These should be used in preference to opening windows,
especially on hot days.
Maximise use of natural light. Upon entering an office/room, blinds should be
opened to allow in natural light and therefore, on many occasions, reducing the
need for artificial lighting.
Minimise energy consumption. When leaving the office for extended periods of
time turn off computer and lights.
Lights in corridors should only be switched on when required.
Any office equipment that is not in use but which must be left on overnight should
be on an energy saving setting (eg. photocopiers.).
It is important for both staff and students to be very careful of what they put down
the sinks and basins and to exercise similar caution about the cleaning products or
any other chemicals (eg. hair dye) used in showers or laundries. Each individual
should be aware that all wastewater is treated on campus and recycled wherever
possible. None enters into the city council sewer mains.
Readily compostable food scraps should be placed into a compost bin provided in
each kitchen. These should have a lid to avoid attracting rodents. Compost can be
disposed of into composting toilets or compost bins provided in the permaculture
garden. (Compostable material being disposed of into the toilets should not
contain tea bags, citrus peel or coffee grounds).
APPENDIX 3.
WELCOME
TO
THE
ROTHWELL’S
Charles Sturt University is delighted to welcome you as one of our
students. We are especially pleased that you have chosen to live in the
student residential cottages on the new Thurgoona Campus of the
University in Albury, which have been named The Rothwell’s, in honour
of Professor Bryan Rothwell the first Principal of the University’s
campus in Albury-Wodonga.
Great care has been taken to design the cottages and the other buildings
on the campus to maximise the efficient use of natural resources and
minimise any adverse effects on the environment, in their construction
and in their operation and maintenance. The importance of this approach
will be increasingly significant in Australia and elsewhere as the new
century unfolds. University students at the start of this century are
obviously particularly well placed to participate and influence the
development of this way of thinking that is new and uncomfortable to
many people, including most developers.
We therefore invite you to participate with others in the University in
establishing the principles and the practices that should be used from now
on. By living and working on the campus, you will have the opportunity
to experience the ups and downs of the unique package of conditions that
this University Campus provides. We want to find the best way to
manage the buildings and other facilities at an optimum level. We need
to know what is not working well, as much as what is. We need to know
what you personally like and dislike - and everyone will have their own
point of view. We would be especially grateful for your own ideas.
We have therefore put together a series of documents that explain how to
get the best out of the buildings (and escape the worst) and we would ask
you to read them carefully. Please contact Pat Fairweather on (02) 6051
9855 if you have any questions or want more information. It is important
for all people who live, work and visit this campus to realise that each one
of us will influence the operation of the buildings and the site by our own
behaviour. We all have the responsibility to participate interactively with
the facilities and with one another in the operation of the different
systems that express the environmentally sensitive approach that this
campus represents and to record and share our experiences so that the
whole campus progressively develops optimum operational
procedures.
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE THURGOONA
CAMPUS
DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES
The distinctive features of the environmentally harmonious buildings on the
Thurgoona Campus are apparent, for example, in the rammed earth walls, composting
toilets, passive energy temperature regulation, and rainwater storage tanks. The
buildings are also designed specifically for Albury conditions, such as in the
positioning of the large shaded windows with recycled timber frames to provide
ample ventilation, daylight and views. The same windows would have to be
positioned differently at different latitudes.
All new buildings on the Thurgoona site include:¨ Recycled timber or plantation timber.
¨ Minimal use of PVC piping in plumbing.
¨ Wool roof insulation.
¨ Wool and linoleum floor coverings.
¨ Non-toxic paints and timber finishes.
¨ Mesh guards providing protection from termites.
¨ Energy efficient light bulbs wherever possible.
Other principles which underpin the development and operation of the campus are:
¨ Conditions for all students should be intellectually stimulating and offer a healthy
and happy ambience.
¨ Consumption of natural resources should be minimised and resources, or their byproducts, should be re-used and/or recycled after use, wherever possible.
¨ The best environmental practices available should be used to achieve harmony
with the environment.
¨ The campus should be used and promoted as a model of sustainable
environmental management.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
The buildings have been designed to utilise the natural light, warmth and coolness
surrounding them so as to achieve real energy efficiency.
The thermal mass of the rammed earth walls, concrete floors and ceiling slabs act as
heat sinks to stabilise temperatures in rooms, storing the sun’s heat and warming
buildings in winter and cooling them during summer. Woollen insulation in ceilings
insulates the roof against penetration by the sun’s heat in summer and traps heat in
buildings during winter. Window shading from all direct summer sun reduces room
heating and the impact of glare. Rainwater is collected from roofs and stored in large
tanks, thereby adding to thermal mass.
Rainwater is also reticulated through the buildings in pipes laid in the concrete floors
and ceilings. In winter this water is heated during the day in solar collectors on the
roof and distributed through the pipes to warm the building. On cold cloudy days gas
heaters can provide supplementary heating to this system. In summer the system
works in reverse, with piped water that accumulates heat from the building during the
day being pumped through the “solar collectors” at night.
These then act as heat exchangers, to lose heat from the water so that it cools
overnight, before cooling the building as it is circulated through the building the next
day.
Ventilation improves cooling in buildings at night, through use of automatic louvre
vents, which flushes hot air from large spaces and lowers the internal temperatures.
Low level vents are located beneath windows in each room, while high level vents are
located in large central shafts or high roofs.
Air is also circulated in each room be a reversible ceiling fan, which mixes warm air
near the ceiling with lower cool air during winter. The fan reverses airflows during
summer to move warm air out of rooms to cool them.
WATER MANAGEMENT
Water resources in Australia are highly variable and therefore unpredictable. For too
long, Australians have tried to manage their water supplies largely on the basis of
eurocentric attitudes and experiences, exemplified by treating droughts and floods as
crises (as they are economically and socially!), even though they are a normal feature
of the Australian climate. Annual average rainfalls give unrealistic expectations of
the availability of water, and this has resulted in widespread over exploitation of water
resources with consequent degradation of native aquatic environments. While there
are differing views about the details and causes of this situation, there is broad
agreement in the Australian community that our national water resources are precious
and need to be more wisely managed than hitherto.
The University has therefore set out to develop the Thurgoona Campus to minimise
pollution and wasteful use of water and to treat its own wastewaters on the site and reuse the treated water on the campus wherever possible.
High quality potable water is supplied to the campus from the Albury water treatment
works. The use of this water is normally restricted to drinking, cooking, washing and
laundry use.
Stormwater run-off is collected and stored in reservoirs formed by dams across a
natural drainage line on the northern end of the university grounds, from where it is
pumped by a windmill and a solar powered pump to turkey nest dams at the highest
point of the campus. From there it can be delivered to any area of the grounds. This
water is used for watering those parts of the landscape that need it. Its use for this
purpose will be minimised by revegetating the campus with plant species that are
native to the Albury area.
Water is not used to flush toilets, as this is a gross pollution of water, which then
requires expensive treatment and often leads to adverse impacts on the environment,
such as the generation of toxic blue-green algal blooms. Instead, one of the latest
available designs of dry composting toilets have been installed in all buildings,
including the residences.
The so-called “grey water” emanating from laundries, showers, wash-hand basins and
kitchen sinks is treated in specially designed wetland systems on the site. It is
intended to re-use this water on the grounds, once its suitability has been consistently
demonstrated.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Three principles have guided waste management on the Thurgoona campus:
1. Minimise the generation of waste by careful consideration of the practices and
materials to be used.
2. Separate and/or treat all waste matter so as to maximise the opportunities for its
re-use, with due consideration being paid to human health and safety and to the
welfare of the environment.
3. Dispose of any waste that cannot be recycled in ways that are socially and
environmentally responsible.
Proper waste management requires the cooperation of all people using the campus.
Management of wastewater is handled as part of overall water management. Nonrecyclable solid wastes should be placed in the bins provided for that purpose. These
bins will be collected regularly by buildings and grounds staff of the University.
Wastepaper that has been used to capacity should be placed in appropriately marked
receptacles for subsequent collection and transport to a re-use facility. Re-useable
glass, metal and plastic containers should be rinsed clean and placed in a separate
receptacle for collection and delivery to another re-use facility.
The Student Action Group for the Environment (SAGE) will be starting a
permaculture Garden near the residential cottages. All residents would be welcome to
participate. This will provide a ready means of recycling waste and enjoying the
benefits of fresh garden produce.
RESTORATION OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
The area now occupied by the University campus was originally grassy box
woodland, which was cleared for various forms of agriculture, including viticulture,
cropping and grazing in the middle of the last century. When the University took over
the site, the land could best be described as somewhat degraded pasture supporting
quite severe weed infestations. There were relatively few of the original trees though
there had been some replanting of Australian native trees some 30 years ago. There is
a creek on the northern edge of the campus, which is part of the regional parkland of
the Albury-Wodonga area and which is under University management.
The University intends to restore as much of the original ecosystems that would have
occurred in the area as part of the overall landscaping of the campus. This is clearly a
long-term process which has already benefited from input from students and staff of
the School of Environmental and Information Sciences. Ultimately it is intended to
establish interpretative signage on roads entering the campus and interpretation trails
for visitors and others through the grounds.
LIVING IN THE RESIDENTIAL COTTAGES
INTRODUCTION
while the concepts that form the basis for the development of the Thurgoona campus
of Charles Sturt University are not new, the opportunity to bring them together in their
most developed form, on a green field site, to meet the interacting objectives of a
university was unique. However, there are relatively few experiences of such a
holistic approach and, inevitably, some fine-tuning and adaptive management will be
necessary. This will be assisted by staff and students participating in assessing the
performance of the various systems, thereby enabling the campus to evaluate their
effectiveness. This will also promote greater sensitivity to the interaction between
human activities and environmental welfare among staff, students and visitors and,
ultimately, the whole community, locally and nationally.
The effectiveness of these design features are enhanced if they are used correctly.
This requires some understanding of the systems and some experience of using them
to bring about the conditions that are most suitable for each individual and,
collectively, for the inhabitants of each cottage. This document is designed to provide
the basic understanding of the systems to enable each resident to try get the best out of
them so that, in turn, each will obtain the experience that will enable consistently
good results.
TEMPERATURE AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
The processes of warming and cooling described above can be enhanced by keeping
all doors leading to the outside closed at all times to maintain warmth/coolness in the
building. Ventilation can be achieved by judicious use of windows in individual
rooms and opening and closing louvres to aid or prevent movement of air through the
building.
Efficient use of energy is also promoted by switching off electrical appliances when
the are not being used. Also, lights should be switched off when they are not
required. Rooms have adequate daylight coming in most of the day and this natural
light should be utilised as much as possible! Wait for your eyes to adjust to the light
in the room, particularly when you enter it after being outside, before deciding
whether you need to turn the lights on.
SHOWERS, SINKS, WASH-HAND BASINS AND LAUNDRY
Wastewater from these facilities make up the so-called “grey water” that will be
generated in the cottages. This water will be treated for possible re-use in wetland
systems located among the trees to the northwest of the cottages. Although the water
will pass through a grease trap before it drains into the wetland, it would be desirable
to avoid allowing large quantities of grease to drain from kitchen sinks and wash-hand
basins. For this reason, please wipe greasy dishes with kitchen paper before washing
them. Remember that hot water will melt grease and fats so that they drain easily but
the will congeal within the drainage system as they cool. Also, please use detergents
that will break down in biological systems such as wetlands. (If in doubt, ask
someone who should know).
Excessive or wasteful use of water should be avoided at all times. Use as much water
as you need, but no more. The wetland systems have been designed to treat a
reasonably normal flow from the cottages, but long showers and taps left running are
not included in the estimates. These will fill the system more rapidly than estimated
and these will increase operational difficulties and decrease the efficiency of the
system.
Dripping taps and other water leaks should be reported and fixed immediately.
COMPOSTING TOILETS
The decomposition of organic matter in the presence of oxygen is more rapid, more
complete and less odiferous than in absence of oxygen. There is much less oxygen in
water than in air and this is why the addition of water to sewage not only pollutes the
water but also greatly decreases the break down of its organic content.
The
decomposition processes in composting toilets are the same as in a garden compost
heap. These are most efficient when the carbon to nitrogen ratio is appropriate and
the pile is well aerated. Large quantities of wood shavings will be regularly added to
the toilets by maintenance staff, who will also undertake any other necessary
maintenance. Any odours produced in the toilets are continuously vented from the
decomposition chamber by air extraction pumps. However, these work best if there is
a free flow of air into the toilets. This is the first thing to check if any odours do
become apparent.
Please be careful to follow the instructions in the
toilets and do not put anything into them that will not
readily decompose.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF
COMPOSTING TOILETS
FOUR POINTS TO REMEMBER: 1
This toilet uses no chemicals or water.
2
Waste is being composted in the equipment in the
basement of this building.
3
Do not throw cigarettes or inorganic material into
this composting toilet. Only material that will
readily and rapidly decompose can be put into them
4
And finally, please close the toilet lid.
Suggestions for surviving
eco-living.
Room comfort
Ø Louvres above doorways should be open to facilitate
airflow between rooms (temperature control is unable
to operate effectively unless there is adequate air
movement).
Ø Vents under windows should not be blocked.
Ø Active heating and cooling occurs through pipes in the
floor and ceiling – do not layer the floor with papers
and books.
Ø Fans are for use in summer and winter – to increase
airflow and exchange, be aware that they are low!
Ø Your room should have one waste bin – this is for
refuse that will be deposited at the tip (there are
compost bins in the kitchens for organic matter and
recyclable bins for paper materials etc).
Kitchen Facilities
Ø The kitchens have three bins – one for compost
material, one for recyclable materials such as glass,
paper and some plastics and a garbage tip bin.
Ø Instead of disposing organic matters into the sinks,
occupants will be required to dispose of organic
materials into the composting bins (and then into the
compost heap in the permaculture garden).
Ø Soaps, washing liquids and chemicals used for various
forms of cleaning will be selected for compatibility
with the system. Guidelines will be provided to
students.
Thurgoona Grounds and Travel Around Campus
Ø All grounds surrounding the student residences will be
maintained by Charles Sturt University grounds staff.
Ø Students are encouraged to use pathways and walk to
and from campus buildings. Bikes are also encouraged
to be used.
Ø Vehicular access will be provided to buildings for
emergency purposes and car parks will be confined to
areas outside the core of campus buildings.
Laundries
Ø Only environmentally friendly laundry powders and
detergents should be used.
Additional Ideas
Ø Residents– if you can see that there are ways to
improve our practice please suggest these and they
will be included in these guidelines in future.
There are three refuse containers in this
kitchen.
1
Compost bin for vegetable/plant scraps –
this will be regularly emptied and cleaned.
2
Recycle bin – place paper, recyclable
plastic, cans and glass. Please rinse bottles
and cans.
3
Non-recyclables.
(Please note: - Any food kept in bedrooms should be stored in airtight
containers to prevent the attraction of mice.)
APPENDIX 4. This list has been sourced from J.Rudner, Strategic PlannerEnvironment, Albury City Council, 2001
Vulnerable and Endangered Vegetation Species in the Albury Area as per
Wildlife Atlas of New South Wales
Common Name
Latin Name
Amphibromus fluitans
Caladenia Rosella
Calandrinia granulifera
Centrolepis glabra
Cullen parvum
Cat's Claw
Grevillea alpina
Stinking Penny Wort
Hydrocotyle foveolata
Hypoxis exilis
Isoetes drummondii subsp
anomola
Pilularia novae-hollndiae
Senecio garlandii
Cullen parvum
River Swamp Wallaby Grass Amphibromus fluitans
Crimson Spider Orchid
Caladenia concolor
Aphanes pentamera
Narrow Goodenia
Goodenia macbarronii
Status
Hamilton
Valley
Vulnerable
Endangered
Investigate
Investigate
Endangered
Priority 2
a
Priority 3
a
Priority 1
Nail Can
Ettamogah
Hill
Red
Hill
a
a
Priority 1
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Endangered
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
a
*Note: Lack of recorded siting does not necessarily indicate species is absent from area.
*This list has been compiled using Environment Australia's website location facility, the EPBC
Guidelines, and local species lists.
Vulnerable and Endangered Fauna Species that may occur in the Albury Area as
per The NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 Schedule 1 & Schedule 2
Common Name
Latin Name
Brush-tailed Phascogale
Growling grass Frog
Koala
Painted Honeyeater
Regent Honeyeater
Spotted-tailed Quoll
Striated Grass Wren
Superb Parrot
Swift Parrot
Turquoise Parrot
Phascogale tapoatafa
Litoria raniformis
Phascolarctos cinereus
Grantiella picta
Xanthomyza phrygia
Dasyurus masculatus
Amytornis striatus
Polytelis swainsonii
Lathamus discolor
Neophema pulchella
Hamilton
Valley
Nail Can
Hill
a
a
Ettamogah
Red Hill
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
*Based on fauna studies conducted at or near the Environmental Protection Zones. If no area is
checked, species may be found in Albury area but has not been recorded during studies.
Source: NPWS (2000); Klomp (1995); Gunninah Environmental Consultants (1999)
a
a
Species Protected by Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 (Federal
Legislation) in Albury
Common Name
Scientific Name
Status
Swift Parrot
Regent Honeyeater
Southern Bell Frog
Superb Parrot
Spot-tailed Quoll,
Spotted-tailed Quoll
or Tiger Quoll
River Swamp
Wallaby Grass
Crimson Spider
Orchid
Lathamus discolor
Xanthomyza phrygia
Litoria raniformis
Polytelis swainsonii
Dasyurus maculatus
maculatus
Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Amphibromus
fluitans
Caladenia concolor
Vulnerable
Aphanes pentamera
Goodenia
macbarronii
Apus pacificus
Gallinago hardwickii
Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Narrow Goodenia
Forktailed Swift
Latham's Snipe
Japanese Snipe
White-bellied Sea
Eagle
White-throated
Needletail
Rainbow Bee-eater
Painted Snipe
Hamilton
Valley
a
Ettamogah
a
a
a
Vulnerable
Migratory
Migratory
Nail
Can
Hill
Red
Hill
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Haliaeetus
Migratory
leucogaster
Hirundapus
Migratory
a
caudacutus
Merops ornatus
Migratory
a
a
a
Rostratula
Migratory
benghalensis
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
Migratory
a
Satin Flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
Migratory
a
Rufous Fantail
Rhipidura rufifrons
Migratory
a
*Note: Lack of recorded siting does not necessarily indicate species is absent from area.
**This list was confirmed 20/02/01 by Environment Australia - the Federal Agency currently
administrating the legislation.
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
APPENDIX 5.
Regeneration of Indigenous Grassy Woodland and Wetlands
Introduction:
This document provides suggestions for planting of indigenous species to rehabilitate
the indigenous grassy woodlands in low usage areas of the Thurgoona campus.
Planting zones are recognised as (figure 1):
1) Grassy Woodland
2) Wetland Area
Figure 1:
Planting:
The aim of planting is to re-establish the dominant trees, shrubs, grasses and main
wetland species. Extra species can be planted once dominant species are established.
1) Grassy Woodland
Planting should aim to achieve an open grassy woodland, with scattered trees, clumps
of native shrubs and a ground layer dominated by native grasses (Table1). Planting
density suggested by the Goulburn Broken Revegetation Guide are:
·
·
Plant trees 20-30m apart with clumps of 5-20 shrubs between and groundcovers planted in gaps
Plant larger grass tussocks approximately 1m apart, and scatter other groundcovers in gaps
Table 1:
Scientific Name
Common Name
Trees (>8m):
Callitris glaucophylla
White Cypress Pine
Eucalyptus albens
White Box
E. blakelyi
Blakely’s Red Gum
E. macrorhyncha
Red Stringy Bark
E. melliodora
Yellow Box
Shrubs (1.5-8m):
A. gunnii
Ploughshare wattle
A. paradoxa
Kangaroo Thorn
A. verniciflua
Varnish Wattle
Bursaria spinosa
Sweet Bursaria
Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima Narrow-leaf Hop-bush
Grevillea alpina
Cat’s Claw Grevillea
Grevillea lanigera
Wooly Grevillea
Ground Covers:
Danthonia spp.
Wallaby Grass
Poa spp.
Tussock Grass
Themeda triandra
Kangaroo Grass
2) Wetland Areas:
Planting should aim to achieve a stable wetland, with scattered trees and clumps of
native shrubs and grasses around the edge. Wetland species need to be able to endure
fluctuations in water level (Table 2). Planting density suggested by the Goulburn
Broken Revegetation Guide are:
·
·
·
·
Plant trees around perimeter of wetland only; allow 10m between trees
Plant large tussock grasses and sedges approximately 1m apart, and smaller plants in gaps
Follow zonation pattern (Diagram 2)
Ensure that at least the top third of emergent plant species remain above the water surface
Table 2:
Scientific Name
Common Name
Planting
Zonation
Trees (>8m):
Acacia dealbata
Shrubs (1.5-8m)
Bursaria spinosa
Callistemon sieberi
Hymenanthera dentata
Ground Covers and Emergents:
Alisma plantago-aquatica
Amphibromus macrorhinus
Silver Wattle
1
Sweet Bursaria
River Bottlebrush
Tree Violet
1
1
1
Carex breviculmus
C. tereticaulis
Elatine gratioloides
Eleocharis acuta
Juncus spp.
Marsilea drummondii
Microlaena stipoides
Myriophyllum crispatum
Persicaria prostrata
Poa labillardieri
Wahlenbergia fluminalis
Sedge
Sedge
Waterwort
Common Spike-weed
Rush
Common Nardoo
Weeping Grass
Upright Water-millfoil
Creeping Knotweed
Tussock Grass
River Bluebell
Water Plantain
Long-nose swamp Wallaby
grass
2,3
1
2
2
2,3
2,3
2
2
1
3,4,5
1,2
1
1
Diagram 2 Wetland Planting Zones:
Why Indigenous Plants:
There are many good reasons for planting indigenous species including (adapted from
The South West Slopes Revegetation Guide):
·
·
·
·
·
Increasing biodiversity
Meeting the habitat needs of the local flora and fauna
Maintaining genetic diversity within species
Often indigenous plants will grow better
Retaining or regaining a sense of local identity
Two good reliable sources of indigenous plants are Sandy Creek Trees (appendix 1)
and Jayfields Nursery (appendix 2). To ensure species requests can be supplied
orders should be placed in March for planting in the following spring.
Appendix 1 (landscaping plan)
Appendix 2 (landscaping plan)
APPENDIX 6.
CHECKLIST AND ASSESSMENT SHEET FOR ANY TYPE OF LAND
DISTURBANCE ON CAMPUS
PRE CONSTRUCTION WORKS
1.
·
·
·
·
·
·
Has an environmental management site layout plan been developed?
Does it include:
Vegetation to be retained and areas to be protected.
Location of stormwater management control measures.
Location of erosion and sediment controls.
Placement of stockpiles and storage facilities.
Site access.
Haulage routes.
2.
Has the University overseen the layout plan and been satisfied with the
environmental protection measures to be put in place?
3.
Has the appropriate sections of the Environmental Management Plan been read
and clearly understood by contractors
4.
Are all workers on site aware of the sensitive nature of the campus (particularly
water management) and understand all required protection measures put in
place to protect the campus environment?
5.
Before any trees and shrubs are removed, has a check been undertaken for any
fauna inhabiting hollows or nesting in the vegetation, Have appropriate staff of
the School of Environmental and Information Sciences been consulted?
6.
Has all vegetation to be retained and protected been clearly fenced off, keeping
in mind the root zone of larger plants?
7.
Have stormwater control measures been put in place?
8.
Have erosion and sediment control measures been put in place?
DURING CONSTRUCTION
9.
Are stockpiles surrounded by a sediment fence on down slope side?
10.
Are stormwater management, erosion and sediment control devices being
monitored and checked regularly, particularly in wet weather?
11.
Are problems with stormwater, erosion and sediment control devices being
remedied as soon as they are detected?
12.
Are cleared areas being stabilised as soon as possible?
13.
Is dust creating a hazard to the University community? Have measures been put
in place to control dust?
14.
Is noise creating a disturbance? Are steps being taken to minimise noise?
15.
Are waste items being recycled where possible? Are waste items being
disposed of responsibly so that items cannot be blown away?
POST CONSTRUCTION
16.
Has revegetation begun as soon as possible after construction to stabilise the
area?
17.
Are stormwater management, erosion and sediment control devices still in place
and in good condition?
18.
Are stormwater management, erosion and sediment control devices being
regularly monitored and checked while site is being revegetated?
19.
Has the site been satisfactorily tidied? Have all waste items been recycled that
can be recycled?
APPENDIX 8.
OPERATION AND MAINTENAINCE
OF THE
WETLAND SYSTEMS FOR
TREATING GREY WATER
ON THE
THURGOONA CAMPUS
Prepared by
David Mitchell & Tracy Harrison
Consultant Team
In consultation with Ian Hume
The Johnstone Centre, Charles Sturt University
for the
Division of University Properties
July 2000
OPERATION
GENERAL
The University has paid particular attention to the development and sustainable
management of water resources on the Thurgoona campus. This is guided by
principles which aim to minimise waste and pollution of the resource and maximise
its holistic use and potential reuse. The constructed wetland system was selected
because of its suitability and conformity to the principles and philosophies underlying
the development of the campus
Greywater effluent from the campus is composed of water draining from wash hand
basins, showers, kitchen sinks, laundry of the residential cottages and slight amounts
of drainage from the composting toilets. Grey water generated on the campus is
treated through intermittently loaded, gravel-based, root-zone treatment wetlands.
The treatment wetlands have been constructed at suitable locations on the campus and
planted with native wetland plants that have been demonstrated to ameliorate the
quality of water around their roots.
In order to meet environmental and health criteria for the disposal of the treated waste,
disposal occurs by evaporation through an evapotranspiration mound, with possible
overflow, at times of unusually high rainfall, being accommodated in an ephemeral
wetland, similar to those that originally occurred in the area.
PROCEDURE FOR THE OPERATION OF THE GREYWATER
TREATMENT WETLANDS
The operation of the wetland system should be undertaken in a sequence of releasing
and draining water from the end (secondary pond) before filling from the front
(primary ponds).
If the system becomes ‘dry’ (e.g University holidays or during very hot weather) then
water can be added to the system by running a tap in the building and allowing the
water to flow through the sewer into the wetlands.
The following procedure should normally be undertaken at weekly intervals, MondayTuesday. However, systems that are little used during a particular period, such as
vacation times, will require less frequent changing of water through the system.
Notwithstanding this, it is still necessary for the water level in the receiving wetland
to be regularly checked.
1. Estimate the volume of greywater that is likely to require treatment in the
forthcoming period. This will depend on climatic season and extent of occupation
of the precinct concerned.
2. Locate valves at head of primary treatment ponds, these are located within the
concrete man-hole. It is immediately obvious which valves belong to which pond.
One valve should be closed the other open. An open valve lever should be turned
so that it runs parallel with the pipe. The closed valve lever will indicate which
primary pond (pond 1 or 2) has been standing for the past week.
3. Measure and record water level of the primary treatment pond which has been
standing for the past week by reading the depth volume indicator for that pond.
4. Locate valve for draining water from secondary treatment pond (pond 3) into
evaporation mound.
5. Measure and record water level in secondary treatment pond.
6. Open the valve halfway to allow measured volume of primary pond water to drain
slowly from the secondary pond into the evaporation mound. Draining may take
½ a day to a full day and can be left unattended.
7. When draining of required volume is complete close valve.
8. Fully open valve below the primary wetland in which the water has been standing
for the past period. Drain the measured volume of water into the secondary pond.
For the SEIS and residential precincts draining may take 40 minutes, for the
lecture theatre precinct ½ a day.
9. Close valve between primary pond and secondary pond.
10. Open valve at head of primary pond to connect this now drained primary pond
with the greywater source inflow pipe. This pond will now become the receiving
pond for the next treatment period.
11. The valve at the head of the other primary wetland that has been receiving
greywater during the preceding period is then closed so that the water in this
wetland is retained with in it for the next treatment period.
12. All valves throughout the system should be CLOSED except for one at the head of
the receiving primary wetland which will stay open to allow greywater effluent to
enter it.
SEIS PRECINCT
Changing of water through this system of ponds is required on a weekly basis
(Monday/Tuesday).
Draining water from primary pond into secondary pond takes approximately 40
minutes with valve fully opened. Draining water from the secondary pond into the
evaporation mound should take approximately 6 hours so as to allow the water to
drain slowly
When draining water between primary and secondary ponds during summer months
the water level should be lowered to 25cm below level of gravel, in winter 40cm
below level of gravel.
The ponds will require close monitoring throughout periods of high temperatures due
to a greater evaporation rate. Ponds should be checked at the end of each day. If
ponds require topping up this can be done the following morning.
LECTURE THEATRE PRECINCT
There is very little greywater flowing into this system at present. As the University
develops and additional buildings are added to this precinct, greywater flows will
eventually increase. Thus it is currently often necessary to add water to maintain the
water level so as to support the plants growing in the system. While this situation
continues, it may only be necessary to change the water within the wetland system on
a monthly basis. However, the quality of the treated water should be measured and
the water changing procedure followed when deemed necessary. This is likely to be
indicated initially by a rise in conductivity. However, any other deterioration in water
quality may provide a reason for changing the water through the system, according to
the established procedure.
Draining water from a primary into the secondary pond takes approximately 4 hours;
while pumping water from secondary pond to evaporation mound takes approximately
8 hours.
RESIDENTIAL PRECINCT
Changing of water through this system of ponds is required on a weekly basis
(Monday/Tuesday). During periods of high rainfall and high usage these ponds
require more frequent draining.
The procedure to be followed is the same as that described for the SEIS system. With
the water levels to be lowered to cater for the larger flows that this system
experiences.
The level of water in these wetlands is largely affected by whether students are
present or absent from campus due to holidays, this must be taken into account when
operating this system. When draining water between primary and secondary ponds
during summer months, while students are present, the water level should be lowered
to 40cm below level of gravel. During summer months when students are absent the
system should be monitored and the water level lowered to approximately 25cm
below level of gravel. In winter the ponds should be emptied.
Because the greywater entering this system contains a higher proportion of water from
the laundry and showers, it is important that the water level is kept at least 5cm below
the surface of the gravel.
Draining water between primary and secondary ponds takes approximately 40 mins.
Draining between secondary pond and evaporation mound takes approximately 6
hours.
At this stage the grease trap is being modified to include the new residential cottages
currently under construction. When it is fully operational, cleaning of the grease trap
should initially occur every 6 months. In time it will become clear if it requires more
or less frequent cleaning. Cleaning will require a simple procedure of removing
contents in the trap.
MAINTENANCE
GENERAL
·
An application of fertiliser should be carried out twice a year as required,
approximately August and March. Aquasol is the recommended treatment
followed by an application of Osmocote. Flood all the ponds, except the one
receiving greywater at the time, to a level of about 5cm above the surface of the
gravel. Sprinkle Aquasol on water and during the same day drop the water down
to the level of the plant roots where it will be kept for one week. When the
primary pond that is receiving greywater during this process passes to the ponding
stage, it should be fertilised with Aquasol. All ponds can then be treated with
Osmocote, one week later.
·
Whipper snipper around edge of ponds as required to maintain vegetation growth.
·
Weeding to be undertaken as required using the method of hand pulling.
·
Chemical sprays should not be used in close proximity to wetlands.
·
Aphids and other pests may need to be controlled. This should be done as
environmentally sensitively as possible.
·
Sumps are prone to redback spiders and must be entered with caution. They
should be sprayed about twice a year with an appropriate pesticide.
·
The wetland plants should only be harvested if the dead material is inhibiting the
growth of new shoots. This can be determined from an assessment of the pond
vegetation as a whole.
·
All pipes should be surveyed internally on a yearly basis to check for build up of
sludge and silt. This will require monitoring by a closed circuit TV (CCTV) pipe
camera. Consultation will be required to decide as to whether grease arrester
would be beneficial to the works. The network of pipes may need to be cleaned
with a high pressure jet system if CCTV surveying deems this to be necessary.
·
React to blockages as they occur. Use inspection stations located throughout the
buildings to determine location of blockage.
·
All butterfly valves should be removed, inspected and re-greased every 12
months.
·
Outlet grates/points should be checked periodically to make sure they are free
from vegetative debris.
·
Rubble to each pond should be inspected and replaced if necessary after a five
yearly period, this will be dependant upon usage.
·
All maintenance should be recorded and details of CCTV surveys and valve
conditions kept in an appropriate log book by the operator(s).
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND RECCOMMENDED
MODIFICATIONS TO IMPROVE OPERATION OF
GREYWATER TREATMENT PONDS.
GENERAL
It has been noted that the sumps are filling with water especially during wet periods
and have required pumping every 6-8 weeks in order to remove this water. This
constitutes a safety hazard. This problem is being overcome by operating the valves
from above ground level.
It has been observed that for every inch of rain the water level in the ponds rises 3-4
inches. The source of this water should be investigated.
Overflow pipes, that will allow surplus water to drain from primary to secondary and
from secondary into evaporating mound, need to be installed on all ponds.
SEIS PRECINCT
An addition of larger pebbles to the inflow area of the secondary pond is required to
reduce scaring which is occurring when water is drained into the pond.
LECTURE THEATRE PRECINT
Flotation gauges to measure water level are required for this wetland system.
RESIDENTIAL PRECINCT
Flotation gauges to measure water level are required for this wetland system.
A grease trap will be installed for this wetland system. It will require regular cleaning
which will be dependant of the amount of usage experienced by the system.
APPENDIX 9.
THURGOONA CAMPUS
WATER MANAGEMENT MONITORING
PROGRAM
Prepared by
David Mitchell & Tracy Harrison
Consultant Team
In consultation with Ian Hume
The Johnstone Centre, Charles Sturt University
for the
Division of University Properties
September 2000
ESSENTIAL MONITORING
OF PEIZOMETERS AND QUALITY OF WATER
FLOWING FROM THE CAMPUS INTO
SIX MILE CREEK
A condition of approval by Albury City Council of the proposal for water
management on the Thurgoona campus was that the quality of the water entering Six
Mile Creek be monitored and that the level and quality of ground water be regularly
checked. The program for this essential monitoring is set out in this document.
Two piezometer shafts each 15 metres deep, have been installed at sites specified by
the Department of Land and Water Conservation. These are to be checked every three
months. As soon as groundwater is detected for the first time in the piezometers a
sample will be taken for chemical analysis as specified. In the event that groundwater
continues to be detected, the specified chemical analyses will only be carried out in
November.
Water flowing from the lowest reservoir into Six Mile Creek will be fully analysed as
required at least once during overflow events. Conductivity, turbidity and pH will be
assessed by obtaining readings from the Horiba water checker. During warmer
months all reservoirs will be monitored for signs of algal blooms and chlorophyll a
tests conducted when deemed necessary.
PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING PEIZOMETERS
1. Nitrate Nitrogen (to be analysed by the NATA laboratory in MDFRC)
2. Electrical conductivity (with the Horiba water checker)
3. pH
4. Groundwater level
PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING WATER FLOWING FROM
CAMPUS INTO SIX MILE CREEK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Total Nitrogen
Total Phosphorus
Conductivity
Turbidity
pH
Temperature
Chlorophyll a
SCHEDULE FOR ESSENTIAL MONITORING
SCHEDULE FOR MONITORING PIEZOMETERS LOCATED ON THE
THURGOONA CAMPUS.
Parameter
Groundwater
depth
Conductivity
pH
NO3-N
SUMMER
AUTUMN
WINTER
SPRING
(February)
(May)
(August)
(November)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
SCHEDULE FOR MONITORING DISCHARGE INTO SIX MILE CREEK
Parameter
Total Nitrogen
Total Phosphorus
Chlorophyll a
Conductivity
Turbidity
pH
Temperature
AS REQUIRED
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
PERFORMANCE MONITORING
OF THE GREYWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
An outline of the samples to be taken, parameters to test for and the schedule for
performance monitoring is set out below.
SAMPLING PROGRAM
The following water samples should be collected from each of the wetland systems.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inflow to system
Outflow from primary wetlands into secondary wetland
Outflow from secondary wetland into the evaporation mound
Water in the ephemeral wetland
PARAMETERS FOR PERFORMANCE MONITORING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Thermotolerant Coliform Bacteria
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
DO percent saturation
Total Nitrogen
Total Phosphorous
Turbidity
Conductivity
pH
10. Temperature
Performance monitoring will be carried out on four occasions during the year as
follows:
· Summer (late February)
· Autumn (late May)
· Winter (August)
· Spring (early November)
SCHEDULE FOR PERFORMANCE MONITORING
MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR GREYWATER TREATMENT WETLANDS
ON THE THURGOONA CAMPUS.
Parameter
Thermotolerant
coliform bacteria
BOD
DO
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Turbidity
Conductivity
pH
Temp.
SUMMER
AUTUMN
WINTER
SPRING
(February)
(May)
(August)
(November)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
It is not necessary to carry out analyses of all the parameters on each sample.
Performance monitoring is divided into two sampling programs: three monthly and
six monthly. The six monthly sampling is undertaken in Autumn and Spring. Two
parameters, Nitrogen and Phosphorous, are added to the sampling program for
Autumn so that once a year a full analysis is carried out.
The three monthly sampling program only tests for the presence of thermotolerant
coliform bacteria at the outlet of each pond.
Overall performance for each sampling program will be assessed by obtaining
readings from the Horiba water checker at each sample site.
The sampling schedule has taken into account student presence and absence
depending on the University semesters. Three of the sampling programs will be
undertaken when students are on campus, late February, late May and August. The
late November sampling session will provide a comparison between high usage and
low usage times.
At the time of sampling, weather conditions and temperature should be noted along
with the condition of health of the wetland plants and the presence or absence of
waterfowl particularly on the reservoirs.
ESTIMATED COSTS
CHEMICAL ANALYSES
The estimated costs for each analysis (including GST) are :
1 Thermotolerant Coliform Bacteria
$44.00
2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
$66.00
3 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
*
4 DO percent saturation
*
5 Total Nitrogen
$16.60
6 Total Phosphorus
$16.60
7 Turbidity
*
8 Conductivity
*
9 pH
*
10 Temperature
*
* Values obtained from Horiba water checker
SUB TOTAL $143.20
ESSENTIAL MONITORING
Cost for analyses of NO3-N for both piezometers will be $31.00. Discharge into Six
Mile Creek will be fully analysed as required at least once during overflow events.
Analysis of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus equates to $31.00.
PERFORMANCE MONITORING
A maximum of 5 samples will be collected from each system.
The cost of the three monthly sampling program is: $660. Analysis for the six
monthly sampling program in Spring will be:$1650. The cost of analysing the full
analysis in Autumn will be:$2148.00.
It should be noted that it may not always be possible to collect 5 samples from each
system. Water may not be present in the inflow sumps or in the ephemeral wetlands.