Supporting information for “Modern analysis of an
ancient integrated farming arrangement: life cycle
assessment of a mulberry dyke and pond system”
Miguel F. Astudillo, Gunnar Thalwitz, Fritz Vollrath*
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
*Corresponding author: Fritz Vollrath
Phone: +44 (0) 1865 271216; email: [email protected]
Contents:
Table S1: Composition parameters
Table S2: Yields and feed conversion ratios
Table S3: Emission factors
Table S4: quality indices for uncertainty analysis
S1
Table S1: Composition parameters
description
value
Unit
Ref.
N - elephant grass
2.26
Kg N / t fresh elephant grass
(1)
N - silkworm litter
0.9
Kg N / 100 Kg of dry silkworm litter
(2)
N - fish
25
Kg N / 1 t of fresh fish
(3)
N - grass carp feaces
0.832
Kg N / 100 kg dry feaces
(4)
N – feaces
1.5
g N / 100 g feaces dry basis (db)
(5)
N - urine annual
2.5
Kg N/ person / year
(6)
N - pupae
4%
Kg N / kg pupae (fresh)
(7)
C – silkworm litter
40%
(%) kg C / Kg dry SW litter
(8)
C – Elephant grass
41.6% (%) kg C / Kg dry E. Grass
(9)
C – human feaces
50%
(%) kg C / Kg dry h. feaces
(10)
C - human urine
14%
(%) kg C / Kg dry urine
(10)
C - phytoplankton
50%
(45-50%) dry basis
(11)
Moisture silkworm litter
60%
(12)
Moisture mulberry
70%
(13)
Moisture vegetables
95%
Moisture grass carp detritus
93.7%
(4)
Moisture elephant grass
85.3%
(1)
Cocoon shell ratio
0.2
based on celery
Kg shell/Kg cocoon
(2)
S2
Table S2: Yields and feed conversion ratios
description
value
Unit
Ref.
Vegetable yield
3.75
t fresh/ha dike/y
(14)
Elephant grass yield
142
t fresh/ha/y
(1)
Mulberry yield
16.18
t / ha mulb /y based on response to N (15)
Fish yield
0.94
t / ha pond / y
22.4
t /ha pond /y
(16)
Silkworm litter
53%
% of mulberry yield
(14)
% vegetables to pond
80%
(14)
% E. Grass to grass carp
25%
(14)
% E. Grass to detritus
75%
(14)
FCR grass carp
50
Kg E. grass / kg fish fresh basis (fb)
(14)
Grass carp detritus / ingesta
0.75
Kg detritus / kg ingesta (db)
(14)
FCR cocoons to mulberry
15
Kg cocoons / kg mulberry (fb)
(14)
FCR manure (db) to fish
8.3
Kg manure (db)/ kg fish (fb)
(17)
FCR pupae (fb) to fish (fb)
5
Kg pupae / kg fish (fb)
(18)
E. grass area
0.05
ha / ha of DPS
(19)
Mulberry area
0.45
ha / ha of DPS
(19)
Pond area
0.5
ha / ha of DPS
(19)
Phytoplankton
production
net
primary
N readily available in organic waste 60%
(20)
S3
Table S3: Emission factors
description
value
Unit
Ref.
N2O-N direct
1.3%
Kg N2O-N /100 kg N to pond
(21)
% of C in sediment mineralized
75%
Kg C / 100 Kg C in sediments
(22)
40%
Kg CH4-C / 100 Kg C
(22)
% of CH4 oxidised
65%
Kg CH4 / 100 kg CH4
(23)
% of N to sediment
65%
Kg N sediments / 100kg N applied to
(24)
the pond
NH3-N from the pond
0.125
Kg NH3-N / kg N input
(25)
N2O-N from composting
192
g N2O / t fresh org. waste
(26)
CH4 from composting
778
g CH4 / t fresh org. waste
(26)
% of uneaten
(detritus)
60%
%
C
mineralized
methanogenesis
via
phytoplankton
(14)
Labour req.
2381
Mandays /ha system / y
(16)
Urine / person / day
75
g / person day (db)
(10)
Feaces / person / day
375
g feaces / person / day
(10)
Quicklime
0.76
t / ha pond / y
(16)
N loss during composting
27%
(27)
Table S4: quality indices for uncertainty analysis
Parameter
(reliability, completeness, temporal correlation,
geographical correlation, further tech correlation,
basic uncertainty)
Variability of CH4 emissions
(1,2,1,3,3)
Basic uncertainty is from (28).
Using a property of lognormal
2
distrib. 𝑆𝐷[𝑋] = 𝐸[𝑋]√𝑒 𝜎 − 1
S4
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