·e
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES (CASCNTRL)
by
Roger C. Grimson, Daniel DalCorso, Barbara
Dale Horne, and Victor Rhodes*
Kennedy~
Department of Biostatistics and Department of Epidemiology*
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Institute of Statistics Himeo Series No. 1315
November 1980
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES (CASCNTRL)
by
Roger C. Grimson, Daniel DalCorso, Barbara Kennedy*.
Dale Horne, and Victor Rhodes*
Department of Biostatistics and Department of Epidemiology*
School of Public Health
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC
e-
PREFACE
This work was performed at the University of North Carolina as part of
a subcontract between the University of North Carolina School of Public
Health and the Oak Ridge Associated Universities Medical and Science
Division.
This contract is funded by the Department of Energy through
the Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Contract No. DE-ACOS-760R00033.
An earlier version was partially supported by a grant from Ayerst
Laboratories.
Disclaimer:
Although extensive quality control testing has been
performed, the authors do not accept responsibilities for results from
the use or misuse of this program.
This program was written specifically for case-control studies of the
cumulative
incidence type and prevalence type but may be used for incidence
density and prospective studies as well.
Exaat confidence intervals for strata are soon to be incorporated into
the program.
Test based and Taylor series based strata specific and summary
confidence intervals are currently calculated.
CONTENTS
Page
PART I:
The program,
PART II:
A:
B:
Analysis of case~ontrol data.
The risk of breast cancer in relation to parity - the analysis
of trend over multiple exposure levels.
16
Risk factors of non-melanoma skin cancer,
18
REFERENCES
APPENDIX:
1
24
CASCNTRL output for the breast cancer and skin cancer analyses.
A COHPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
CASE~CONTROL STUDIES (CASCNTRL)
PART I:
The program
The computer program CASCNTRL was written specifically for the analysis
of data resulting from epidemiologic
case~contro1
studies.
It is intended
to provide the majority of commonly required measures of risk, as well as
some of the less familiar ones.
The program can be run with simple input
consisting of the cell totals of each
stratum~specific
2 x 2 table, the
number of tables to be read, and the appropriate JCL (given below).
The output provides the stratum-specific tables as well as the overall
2
x
2 table, summed over all strata.
Accompanying the stratum-specific
tables are:
1)
the odds ratio (OR)
2)
95% confidence limits of the OR
3)
the chi-square test of association
4)
the Mante1-Haensze1 weighting factor (MWGHT)
5)
the inverse of the variance
The summary information associated with the combined data includes;
1)
the crude odds ratio
2)
adjusted odds ratios
(a) Mante1-Haensze1 OR (MOR)
(b) Inverse variance weighted OR (VOR)
(c) Internally standardized OR (ISRR)
(d) Externally standardized OR (ESRR)
(e) an adjusted standardized OR (DSRR)
(f) an adjusted standardized OR (TSRR)
3)
95% confidence intervals for
(a) Crude OR
e
(b)
Mantel~Haensze1
OR
(c) Inverse variance weighted OR
-2-
4)
the Mantel-Haenzel chi-square statistic
5)
measures of confounding based on each of the adjusted ORs
6)
the standard error of the inverse variance weighted OR
A second portion of the output is headed "OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT".
This section contains 23 entries that are enumerated and defined below.
The section includes a variety of useful measures which have been
broken down as follows;
1)
General measures
2)
Attributable risks (%)
3)
Prevented fractions (%)
4)
Etiologic fractions (%)
The measures of effect in categories 2, 3, and 4 may be thought of as
two measures in one.
negative the
Depending on whether the value is positive or
interpretation may vary conceptually, as well as
quantitatively.
This is also discussed below.
Output
The following is a brief explanation of each part of the output.
It is first necessary, though, to develop some notation which will be
used to provide the associated formulations.
Stratum-specific notation
Case
Case
Control
E
a
b
m
l
E
E
c
d
m
2
n
E 1 - PI
n
l
n
2
E =exposed
E = not exposed
PI
1
Control
P
2
1 - P2
1
e.
-3-
Summary table notation
Case
Case
Control
E
A
B
E
E
C
N
I
D
E I - PI
N
2
N
PI
I
Control
PZ
I - P2
I
Equational notation
·e
L=
sum over all strata
A
=
La.
B
=
Lb.
C
=
D
Lc.J
=
n
=
N
=
PI
P
=
z
=
PI
=
PZ
=
P(D)
=L
where
j
represents the j-th stratum
j
J
J
Ld.
J
n +n
l
2
N +N
I
Z
a/n l
b/n Z
A/N I
B/N Z
= probability
of an individual acquiring the disease within the
time-frame of the study.
p(DIE)
=
probability of an individual having become a case (within the
time-frame of the study) given that the individual was exposed
to the risk factor.
p(DIE)
= probability
of an individual having become a case (within the
time-frame of the study) given that the individual was not
exposed to the risk factor.
The following sample printout resulted from the statements given
in the section entitled Running CASCNTRL.
Notice that example one was a
stratified analysis where the strata were "males" and "females",
respectively.
run.
A second stratified analysis was done in the same computer
-4-
.JIUDs.D7D'!._t1·U."-·V:~O.3
_._.
DI~M· .. I66
_
I/O.··V:DJ.~
IIIOWS
TA~t·.···O
Plo"O· . . O:O~.O
rL ~M.··O:OO.O
11"( . . . 0: 0'.1
--------,------_._-------
.
-----.-.-.-.-,OP~O._.OR"
• • • • • • • • top • 0 • • t 0 A " • • • • • • • •
UA"PL[ 1
WillI 2
~TR.T.
--!A~~~t-----6".L.--'...'O-:--IJ.. O
. .-----~:ODJ::..i~~~~O:--o:,;:~~_CI_,_.
i~Il~:~~9-:-"W~~~65-:'I~V 1 ~~:J-:
10.0
11.0 I
..... ---
21.0
-.. _----
__ ...•••.•. -..__ ....•.•.... ----_.-.-.- ..
--- .
---------=·=-.·i~:;·7:·-;i~;~~-·=:";;:;-·:.;·'--------------------------------------
................. -
---
16.0
'11.0 ,
11I.0
-.--- .. _.. -.--.--_._.-
-..........••• -
19.0 I
I
3!..:~".<.>0'-----~:OOCSR-A-T-1
0:
_.. -.-.------_.-.-_._------.-_--.---.CHi so
'1'S ct
'6.0
---------;;·;;·';;.::;:-;~_·-·-·fo~.:.i-···;_i:..:::::;:..:·:..:·'--_~~~C.E_:_~:~~;-:
VOR
I
0 • .,0.
0.1153,
1.0(;&1 I
20520
0,98 i-
0.020
2.501
:
0.981
I
0."''''
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-:---ISRR--l-'.. 0i,3-1---------~----_f--0:,'10~
._ _'
ESRR I
1.0'19 I
0.'1'0
I
1
_
.-... -.•.•..•......••...... --- .. -.. -_.-_ .. -.-._ .. -_.--.-.-._ ... _-.-I
________-:,."'1_-::..:--__."""'.3';;9..."'2:---.!!·'-c~mOJlJ.1IIl.L·f:m?---Sp~m1JIC.l1.~~~m~':.1-.L~~{~~'OG'-C~:~; g~rl~
,.2"
••• eoo
PHI"
V.Ol0,
APA~=
AP~=
2.32R2
--------,~~~(::---::~
.:. :~t~q~n----.i~:~~---,~:m~
--------~~g~~:
•
• • • • •
• •
J 0 P •
•
AFlI"
0
.'.'1029
m:
_
Rij i-6-j-·~"-'~'-' ;~~. cT---·-····· i'-i~i-"'~~~. j =~:-~~;_="'.-j'" i~~.~; R·..-j----
----------.~.~~:-~ .•.•. ;~=~;~::;~-~~;~..
5.016 I
••.•-.="'-.---.-"===.~:..~ .•.•
I.U6.
TABLt: 2
22.n
~2.0 I
--1Wll.l.!.l.1-'''"-'---"'';1-;3'""."'';0,---=,';',-.O::-I~I
lOCCS RATIOI
9~S
''1.0
'AOU" I
PARln
-..--
>1
' •• us
:~:~:i~---------------------"'e
.......'_'.'_'.'-
,
.. _
AFl"
_
';~~~'='i-.=;i~o·· " 0 ' . , •••• i-~cis-·
• ,.ARln " 0
.~
'.9659
t~.:._"._."_'."_'
EXAMPLE 2 WITH 3 "RA1A
i--····--.. ;~: 0...
·;;ii~~;·
A(~=
m~---:·::~;i~----~~~·~---~-:~:;~--·----------
::~:~~
0 t
·2.R235
so.o
I
_.-----_
I
,~.O
,,-==.---==.---.. .="'-..
'.859
I
Cl
7.282 I
I
CHI SO
5.U2 I
1
M"GIIT
'.691 I
".:~"----
I INV Vf.R
I
n.-o::------.I~-.-.-.-.,.~:!~~-::~~:~~=:~:~~~ .. =::_?_:~~~-:~::::~:~~~:.;~.-;-::::~:~:~- --125.0
_--
111.0
~2.0'
5J.O
'.0
I
_ft.D I
~-.o
--
_-
-------.--_
10DCS RATIOI
I
2.851 I
_._----_
95S CI
1.017.
8.030
..__
...
------_ ..
..__
CHI SO I
'.179 1
-.
_-.-----_.---~_
__
~WGHT
I INV VAn I
2.270 I
3.~9J I
-.-
_
----------=·~·ii:o·····;o:r-~""'j_ii:r · <-----'---------------------------------·av[RAL~···········,;:D····;i;:o·;··iA;:O············j·······_··i·····_···············j···_-·····i··;[;S~A[·~F·j:····~·j
-------,2;;::9-;.0:---,I""',,72.~-:· 191.0
~~~~~:~~~~~~:-::::-:-:!:~.~!::::=-==~~!:~~:::!:~~~~~~~~~~~:~,;-::=~::-~---
..........................
CRUCEI
2.83' I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _"""2.J..~".h!...L.lJ!t ..O__"OR_. J
2.'S" .1.
WOR'
2,'57 I
ISRR I
2.'158 I
..J.[Sp~_!_;=::~:
~
r2
•
a
JRM •
.... ~ .. lIfI
•
ATT~IBUTAnL[
RISMS
.cr"'t:t ... _....... 350~
O._3~~
~PA~=
~~.~,~,
1.~7~_
trA~=
~~.~71'
• PRrV[NT[O
cpr=_.
Arr:
trr=
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~DH~---".• 2·.·~.----~tl\·---~~.(,.J31---_-_C~5·
.... I
=
YUL[:
_ _ _ _ _.....JCOLr=
, .
I
I
•• n.'1 __ I_1O...... :13_'_ _0.960 _ _ I.
~.8'~'
t
0,'60
I
I
I
0.960
I
~=!::; _-::_~
U.:'2l'"
Ar~=
0.'1""'''
I • .,~.~_
Crf,=
rR_CTIO~~
_-79,,,Q/,? .
.ot.on~q
·"_.?1~~
_._.·ln3.HS' __ .
·l')!;."'1'
.~'.·H'li\
_.Ar' •.__ .'1.7.Z~
----_._---_._--------------
I
-'
!..'_ _
S ETrOLOGIC fRACTIONS
crr: .__ .6".1(,~B
ACr:
~&.191b
lrr=
'6'10~7
Cn.
Af.5:
.
_
0,1601
1
....._._._._..
!:! !:.:::.:_._.-..-._.-.::::::..!_.-.-..-.-.::-.-!._••-._.
______________________
_ _ _ _ _ _ _-!'.l--=
I. ~02.
1.706,
.
_
3(•• (.OS5 .
37,'ftl..
.
_
_
---._-------e
.
-5To the right of the stratum-specific tabZes the following information is given;
Odds Ratio
= A principal
measure of effect in case-control studies.
The odds of exposure among the cases, divided by the odds
of exposure among the controls.
This is equivalent to the
ratio of the odds of being a case among the exposed to the
odds of being a case among the unexposed.
Under the rare
disease assumption this is an estimate of relative risk.
ad
= be
95% C.I.
.
= The
95% confidence limits of the odds ratio.
Confidence statement
that 95 out of 100 random samples produce intervals which
include the true value of the OR.
If the interval contains
unity the OR was not significantly different from unity at
the
=
ex.
= .05
level.
OR * exp (± 1 .96 x [;
= OR * exp(±1.96
CHI SQ
= Single
x
+fJ +~ +})~)
!::
(VAR) 2).
degree of freedom
of association.
chi-squared statistic for test
A test for whether there is an association
between disease status and exposure status.
=
(E(a) _a)2
E (a)
E(X)
MWGHT
(E(b) _b)2
+
E (b)
=expected
= Mantel-Haenszel
(E(c) _c)2
+
E (c)
value of
(E(d) _d)2
+
E (d)
where
X.
weighting factor, used to construct the
summary Mantel Haenszel OR from the stratum-specific ORs.
(Mantel and Haenszel, 1959).
be
= n'
INV VAR
= The
inverse variance may be interpreted as an indicator of the
preciseness of an estimate.
In this usage, the smaller the
stratum specific variance, the mote precise the estimate
of the OR.
The greater the precision of the estimate, the
larger the inverse variance.
Hence, precise estimates are
weighted heavily in obtaining a summary measure.
-6-
To the right of the overaLL tabLe is a table of several odds
ratios, crude and adjusted, and associated statistics.
The adjusted
odds ratios are weighted by different factors, as described below, and
therefore differ slightly in their conceptual foundations.
or similarities among the odds ratios provide
Differences
information as to the
relationships between the stratum-specific data and the pooled data.
For example, if the crude and adjusted ORs are approximately equal,
confounding did not occur (see measures of confounding below).
Odds Ratio
Crude
= Crude
odds ratio.
An estimate of relative risk under the
rare disease assumption.
Does not take strata into account.
AD
=oc
MOR
= Mantel-Haenszel
adjusted summary odds ratio - with weights
bc
n
(Mantel and Haenszel, 1959; Dayal, 1978).
=
VOR
= Adjusted
summary odds ratio. Weights are the inverses of the
strata variances (Fleiss, 1973).
where
ISRR
w =1
1
1 1 1
-+-+-+abc d
= INV
VAR .
= Internally
standardized risk ratio. Adjusted summary odds ratio
with weights b~ (Miettinen, 1973, 1974) .
La
A
= E(A)* =
ESRR
e·
L~d IMWGHT xOR
=
I be
IMWGHT
n
I Pf
= Externally
standardized risk ratio. Adjusted summary odds ratio
with weights c (Miettinen, 1973, 1974).
\~
= E(C)* = L u
-CIc
* E(X)
= Expected
value of
x.
~
-7-
DSRR
= adjusted
standardized odds ratio with the controls serving
as the reference group.
As weighted averages of odds ratios
over strata, the weights are b.
ad
E(B)
= -B-
l: c
= -'--.,.-l: b
TSRR = adjusted standardized odds ratio with the unexposed controls
serving as the reference group.
As weighted averages of
odds ratios over strata, the weights are
D
=
Note:
E(D)
be/a.
l: d
l: be
a
ESRR may be used to compare the risks of a disease over
different exposure levels.
DSRR may be used to compare
different diseases or disease levels for a given exposure.
TSRR may be used to compare the risk of a disease associated
with one exposure level to another disease or disease
state associated with a different exposure level.
Great
care must be taken in implementing such comparisons.
Some discussion of these indexes is provided in Part II.
-8-
95% C.I.
= The
top entry is the test based 95% confidence interval
associated with the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (MOR).
~
= MOR [l± 1. 96/ (CHI SQ) ].
The lower entry is the 95% confidence interval of the
inverse variance odds ratio (VOR).
= VOR
CHI SQ
x exp [± 1. 96/
(L (INV VAR)) !.:2] •
= Hantel-Haenszel
chi-square statistic, with one degree of
freedom (Mantel and Haenszel, 1959).
\ 1
=
f.1easures of
Confounding
- bc)] 2
n n 2m m
l
l 2
L (n -l)n 2
L [jl(ad
= Each
of these represents the ratio of the crude OR to the
adjusted OR and is printed at the left of the table. The
measure of confounding indicates the extent to which the
crude OR is larger or smaller than the adjusted OR.
Values near unity indicate that the crude OR and adjusted
OR are similar, therefore there is no confounding. Values
very different from one indicate that confounding exists
and that the adjustment is important.
(The crude OR isof
questionable value in that case.)
Crude OR
= -:-:-..,.----,;--=-=Adjusted OR .
S.E.
= Approximate
standard error of the inverse variance
adjusted odds ratio (Fleiss, 1973).
= VOR/(L(INV
1
VAR))~
Other Measures of Effect
PI
= Probability
that an individual was exposed to the risk factor,
given that the person has the disease, i.e., fraction of exposed
cases.
= P(E\D) = .A
N
l
e·
-9-
P2
= Probability
that an individual was exposed to the risk factor,
given that the person does not have the disease.
Fraction of
exposed controls.
= P(E\D) =...!.
N
2
XRR = Exposure risk
ratio. Ratio of the risk of exposure among cases with
the risk of exposure among controls.
= p(EID) =~
peE
P2
10)
DIFF
= Berkson's
simple difference.
Difference in the prevalence of the
risk factor among exposed and non-exposed.
This summary measure
sums over strata and weights each by its inverse variance
(Berkson, 1958, Cochran, 1954, Fleiss, 1973).
=
LW(P I - P2 )
1
where
LW
PHI
= Phi
coefficient.
w =--:-~--.......,~-:---~
a ~b(l _a ~b)(nll-+n12)
A measure of association interpretable as a
correlation coefficient, values range between 0 and 1 (Fleiss,
1973, Nunnally, 1967).
=~x~ .
YULE
= Yule's
Q (Fleiss, 1973, Yule, 1900), (or the Goodman-Kruskall
gamma).
A measure similar to the odds ratio but scaled to lie
between -1 and 1.
OR -1
-. Crude
Crude OR +1
COLE
= Cole
and MacMahon's excess relative risk, based on the MOR (Cole
MacMahon, 1971).
= MOR
-1.
% Attributable Risks
CPAR
= Crude
population attributable risk percent.
Also called the
population based etiologic fraction by Miettinen.
The proportion
of incidence in the population that is attributable to exposure.
(Cole and MacMahon, 1971, Levin, 1978, Miettinen, 1973, 1974).
= P(D)
- P(0
P(D)
lKL x 100 =PI1 -- P2P2 x 100 .
-10-
APAR = Adjusted summary population attributable risk percent. Weights
are the stratum-specific numbers of cases (r.1iettinen, 1973, 1974).
In l
=
PI - P2
1- P
2
In l
x 100 .
TPAR = Adjusted summary population attributable risk percent.
are the numbers of observations per stratum.
In
=
Weights
PI -P 2
--=---=1- P
2
In
x 100.
In the present context
E is a risk factor.
If
E is a benefit
such as that offered by an intervention, then the PAR (crude or
adjusted) will be negative.
In such a situation a new interpretation
is offered by ignoring the negative sign; it is
100 x (P (D IE) - P(D)) IP (D)
(The percent increase in risk from removing a protection
population is one
~ssible
(E)
from a
interpretation.)
BACK = Estimate of disease attributable to background risk factors.
Total risk minus the adjusted population attributable risk
percent.
= 100 - APAR..
If this quantity is greater than 100 it suggests the exposure
has a protective effect. The background risk factors are those
factors to which each individual in the population is normally
exposed.
% Prevented Fraction (E is now a beneficial exposure, or intervention)
CPF = Crude prevented fraction percent.
A measure of the protective
effectiveness of a beneficial exposure E. The proportion of
incidence among the non-exposed that could be prevented by
intervention.
= ~E) -P(D) xlOO =P2 -PI xlOO.
p(DIEJ
1 - PI
e·
-11APF
= Adjusted summary prevented fraction percent. Weights are the
numbers of unexposed cases per stratum.
=
P2 - PI
Ic --=---=1- PI
- x 100.
Ic
TPF
= Adjusted summary prevented fraction percent. Weights are the
stratum totals.
If a negative sign is present for the crude and adjusted PFs, then
by ignoring the sign the following interpretation is offered:
100 x (P(D) -p(DIE))/P(DIE),
It is
the percent increase in risk from offering
an exposure to a population (not exposing each individual) in which the
exposure is previously (or hypothetically) absent.
CFS
= Another type of prevented fraction percent. The percent improvement in disease rate that could be realized by the unexposed
intervention E is given to all members of the
AFS
= Summary adjusted FS. Weights are the numbers of unexposed cases
r
per stratum.
Ic
=
1
2 -PI)
P 1- P
2
1 x 100
Ic
If a negative sign is present for the crude and adjusted FSs, then
by ignoring the sign the following interpretation is offered:
100 x (p(DIE) -p(DIE))/P(D!E),
the percent increase in risk from exposing
each individual in a population to
hypothetically) absent.
It is
E where it was previously (or
-12-
CF6 = Population FS - type prevented fraction percent. Percent
improvement in disease rate if intervention is given to all
members of the population.
_ P(D) -p(DIElxlOO =P2 -PI xlOO
P(D)
P2
AF6 = Adjusted summary F6.
Weights are the numbers of cases per stratum.
P2 - PI
rnl--==-p=
2_ xlOO .
r
n
l
If a negative sign is present for the crude and adjusted F6's, then
by ignoring the sign the following interpretation is offered:
100 x «p(DIE) -P(D))/P(D),
everyone in a population to
It is
the percent increase in risk from exposing
E whereas previously only some individuals
were exposed.
% Etiologic Fraction
CEF = Crude etiologic fraction percent. Also called the attributable
risk percent among the exposed. It is the percentage of disease
among the exposed that is attributable to exposure.
= P(D
E) - P(D E) x 100 =..!.. PI - P2 x 100
P(D E
PI 1 - P2
.
AEF = Adjusted summary etiologic fraction percent.
Weights are the
numbers of exposed cases per stratum.
1 PI -P2
ra- ~---=PI 1 - P2
------xlOO .
ra
TEF = Adjusted summary etiologic fraction percent.
stratum-specific totals.
1
PI -P 2
rnPI 1- P2
------xlOO
rn
Weights are the
e.
-13-
If a negative sign is present for the crude and adjusted
EF,
then by ignoring the sign the following interpretation is offered:
is
100
x
(p(DIE) -P(D\E))/P(DIE),
It
the increase in risk from removing
a protection that everyone had.
CF3 = Percent change in disease rate among the exposed, if the exposure
becomes selective rather than mandatory.
PI - P2
PI
AF3 = Adjusted summary F3.
PI - P2
P
1
= -----
La
La
If a negative sign is present for the crude and adjusted F3's then
by ignoring the sign the following interpretation is offered:
·e
100
x
(P(D) -p(DIE))/P(DIE),
It is
the percent increase in risk by removing
the condition that each individual is exposed.
Further discussion of many of these measures of risk may be found
in
t~e
papers by Grimson and Morgenstern (unpublished) and Hamilton (1979).
Running CASCNTRL
The sample output of both analyses on page 4 was produced from a
run of CASCNTRL using a job deck similar to the one below.
The input
statements have been broken down into conceptual units I - IV, which
are discussed in this section.
Iljobname JOB UNC.X.XXXX,username
II*PW=XXXX (if account password protected)
II EXEC PGM=CASCNTRL
I IISTEPLIB DD DSN=UNC.N.F224D.FLETCHER.LMOD,
II
VOL=SER=UEPD~2,DISP=SHR,DNIT=DISK
IIG. PAPJ.l DD *
II{#TABLES=2,LABEL==XXXXXXXXXX~;
#TABLES=3,LABEL=
IIG.INPUT DO *
XXXXXX~;
-146 5 10 11"'MALES'"
10 14 15 20 "'FEMALES'"
III 26 50 10 58 ~HYPER'"
22 32 13 56 "'HYPO'"
15 42 6 48 "'NORMAL'"
FIRST SroDY
FIRST SroDY
SECOND STUDY
SECOND SroDY
SECOND SroDY
IIG.OUTPUT D.D SYSOUT=A.DCB=(RECFM=VBA,LRECL=137,BLKSIZE=14l)
IV IIG.SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A
{II
I.
ACCESS ING THE PROGRAM
CASCNTRL is stored on a disk data set at
UNC
and can be
accessed with the following JCL cards:
II EXEC PGM=CASCNTRL
IISTEPLIB DD DSN=UNC.N.F224D.FLETCHER.L~10D,
II
VOL=SER=UEPD~2,DISP=SHR,UNIT=DISK
These statements will differ for users at other facilities.
II .
PARAt\1ETER CARD
CASCNTRL processes one or more groups of 2 x 2 tables.
The
number of 2 x2 tables in each group must be given to the program on a
paTameter card.
This parameter card must also include a heading or
title which is printed at the beginning of the group on the output.
A parameter card should be punched as follows:
#TABLES=n,LABEL="'XXXXXXXXXX"';
where "'n'" equals the number of consecutive tables to be processed as
one group, and ... xxx . . is the heading or title information describing
the group of tables.
characters.
tables.
The maximum length of the heading is sixty
A parameter card must be present for every group of 2 x 2
For several distinct analyses,as many groups of tables may
be input to the program in one run as is desired.
are placed in the run deck after the JCL card:
IIG.PARM DD *
All parameter cards
-15-
III.
INPUT OF DATA (2 x 2 tables and descriptions)
A single 2 x 2 table of the form
C
-C
E
a
b
-E
c
d
C = case
C= control
E = exposed
E =not expo sed
is punched on one data card, beginning in column one, with a space
separating each number from the next, in the following order:
abc d
Each 2 x 2 table may have up to twelve characters to describe it.
characters are printed on the output.
code to help describe each table.
The user is free to devise any
This descriptive information is
punched on the data card after the four numbers from a table.
·e
These
It must
be surrounded by single quotes and separated from the last number by at
least one space.
single quote).
Any keypunchab1e character may be used (except the
Examples:
2 6 10 12 'NON-WHITE FEMALES~
4 7 14 20 'tillITE FEMALES~
If no descriptive information is desired, simply punch two consecutive
single quotes separated from the last number by at least one space, as
follows:
2468"
Each data card must have either one to twelve characters surrounded by
single quotes or two consecutive single quotes with nothing punched
between them.
Optionally each data card may contain additional informa-
tion punched after the quoted table description.
tion is not read or processed by the program.
This optional informa-
The user may desire to
-16to number the data deck or otherwise identify the data cards.
All data
cards are placed in the run deck after the JCL card:
!!G.INPUT
IV.
DD
*
To output the results the following cards are necessary after the
last data card:
!!G.OUTPUT DD SYSOUT=A,DCB=(RECFM=VBA,LRECL=137,BLKSIZE=141)
IIG.SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A
II
In the event that a stratum cell frequency is zero, the program
will automatically add 0.5 to each cell of the stratum so that the odds
ratio can be calculated.
This will not be carried over to the summary
table.
PART II:
A.
Analysis of case-control data
The risk of breast cancer in relation to parity - the analysis
e.
of trend over multiple exposure levels
Some case-control studies involve multiple exposure or risk factors, or
exposures of several levels.
CASCNTRL may be used to analyze these more
complex types of studies.
Within each strata, the unexposed group is associated with each of
exposure level groups.
Thus in each strata one may
k
compute an odds
ratio for each level, using the same unexposed individuals for each
level.
In practice this is often done.
Miettinen (1973) shows that
k
ESRRs are appropriately adjusted odds ratios whenever odds ratios are to
be compared across
k
exposure levels.
The
levels share the same unexposed individuals.
k
exposure-nonexposure
These odds ratios are
adjusted for the covariab1es comprising the strata and they are standardized
to a common reference group in a way that corresponds to direct
adjustments of rates.
The reference or standard group is the group of
-17unexposed individuals.
The main point is that an ESRR from any exposure ZeveZ can be
compared with the ESRR from any other exposure leveZ,
That is, the ESRRs
provide valid dose-response relationships between risk and exposure.
Technically, it is not appropriate to use inverse variance weighted
odds ratios or the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios in comparing the effects of
different levels of exposures in case-control data of the kind described
here because they are not "adjusted" to a common standard.
However,
numerical differences between the results obtained from different kinds
of summary odds ratios often are slight.
Also, ESRR could be less
stable than other summary odds ratios so judgment is required in order
to properly analyze the data.
Table 2 contains data from a case-control study on the possible
effects of parity on the risk of breast cancer.
(1969) for the details of the study.
See Sabler et. al.
Miettinen (1973) analyzed the
data with regard to a "dose-response" relationship using ESRRs.
TABLE 2
Risk of breast cancer in relation to parity.*
risk factor
cases
controls
< 20
parity 4-9
parity 2-3
parity 1
10
6
2
50
47
24
20-29
parity 4-9
parity 2-3
parity 1
312
428
129
30
parity 4-9
parity 2-3
parity 1
68
144
36
22
47
39
age strata
>
* Data from Sa1ber et
Miettinen (1973).
a1. (1969).
A~itiona1
32
144
80
analyses appears in
-18The output is displayed on pages Al and A2 of the Appendix.
An odds ratio of unity is assigned to the reference group
(parity
= 1),
Then using ESP~ to examine trend, the values of ESRR
for the groups parity
= 1,
parity
= 2-3,
and parity
= 4-9
are,
respectively,
1.00, 0.94, 1.14
The crude odds ratios depict an almost opposite trend
1.00, 0.96, 0.77
For comparison, the other odds ratios in the printout are:
B.
MOR:
1.00
0.97
1.00
VOR:
1.00
0.97
0.99
Risk factors of non-melanoma skin cancer
Table 3 contains data on basal cancer and squamous cancer from a
study by Urbach et a1. (1972).
The table is reproduced from a
subsequent analysis of the data, Vita1iano (1978).
as the subjects lifetime solar exposure.
Exposure is given
Covariables are age, tannabi1ity
(burns or tans) and complex ion (pale or dark).
The above two
references should be examined for details of the study design and
definitions.
Vita1iano used the data to illustrate the use of logistic
regression for modeling risk factors.
CASCNTRL may easily be applied to the data in a variety of ways.
Trends of risk over exposure and comparisons between the squamous cancers
and the basal cancers may be studied according to the procedures outlined
in Part I.
The present analysis, however, is concerned only with the squamous
cancers.
Also, exposure is treated as a binary variable (0-19999 hours
low exposure, 20000 or more hours
= high
exposure).
e.
-19TABLE 3
Multiway disease - exposure table with three covariates
~
•
Exposure Groups*
Confounding
Factors
(Strata)t
Disease
Groups
No or Little Exposure
Low Exposure
High Exposure
0
2
0
2
1
0
3
Controls
Basal
Squamous
11
BYD
BYP
Controls
Basal
Squamous
24
40
1
8
2
0
5
0
BOD
Controls
Basal
Squamous
9
16
3
0
1
0
1
2
2
BOP
Controls
Basal
Squamous
39
76
11
3
12
3
1
7
10
TYD
Controls
Basal
Squamous
65
26
1
2
4
1
5
0
1
TYP
Controls
Basal
Squamous
23
19
0
4
2
0
1
0
2
TaD
Controls
Basal
Squamous
55
44
9
6
11
1
17
3
TOP
Controls
Basal
Squamous
23
33
1
6
6
2
3
12
4
9
1
8
* No or little exposure, low exposure and high exposure are defined as
~
9999, 10000-19999,
~
20000
cumulative hours of solar exposure
respectively.
'1- B
burns, T
= tans, Y = =;; 59 years of age, a =
D = dark, P = pale.
>
59 years of age,
-20Tables 4 and 5 are derived from CASCNTRL output displayed on pages
A3-A9 of the Appendix.
Pages AlO-A17 contain further analyses of this data
wherein three exposure groups are defined:
'No' exposure is less than
10000 hours of lifetime solar exposure, low exposure (L) is 10000-19999 hours
of lifetime solar exposure, high exposure (H) is 20000 or more hours.
..
The
latter analysis (AlO-A17) suggests a dose response relationship and suggests
that solar exposure provides a greater risk for squamous cancer than for
basal cancer.
The use of ESRR, DSRR and TSRR are not informative because
of a high degree of effect modification; the risks vary greatly among the
strata of confounders and these indexes, interpreted as weighted averages
of odds ratios over the strata, have as weights single cell counts which
provide unstable estimates.
See Table 6.
However the stratum specific
results confirm these trends.
e.
TABLE 4
Sunnnary results for each group
2
t
Confounding tt
COR
VOR*
LCL**
7.9
7.2
3.2
36
1.1
Burns
12.7
10.0
2.4
18
1.3
Tans
7.2
6.1
2.2
18
1.2
Pale
20.0
21.3
6.1
37
0.9
Dark
3.5
3.1
1.0
4
1.1
<
60
8.3
8.9
1.8
13
0.9
~
60
6.9
6.7
2.6
25
1.0
Overall
X
* Adjusted for the effects of covariables .
** lower confidence limit of VOR .
t
Mantel~Haenszel
chi square.
tt Confounding effects of covariables
e
-21TABLE 5
Odds ratios and other information for the covariate levels (strata)
•
Notes
Level
OR
RR*
LCL**
y B p
7,9
24.1
0.1
two zero cells
1,5
3,0
0,0
one zero cell
T p
91.7
24.1
2,9
one zero cell
D
6.7
3.0
0.5
BP
30.0
24.1
3.5
D
6.0
3.0
0.4
12.9
24.1
1.9
2.3
3.0
0.5
D
0
T p
D
*
Relative risk as defined and estimated by Vitaliano (1978).
** LCL for OR •
.e
TABLE 6
Risk Comparisons for different diseases and exposures
Basal-Low *
Basal-High
Exposure
Exposure
Control for**
SquamousLow
Exposure
SquamousHigh
Exposure
Control for
Control for
Control for
T,A
T,A
T,A,C
I,A
T,A,C
T,A
T,A,C
ESRR(E(C)/C)t-r
2.0
2.2
2,0
3.0
3.9
4.7
DSRR(E(B)/B)tt
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
6.5-r
8.5
ISRR(D/E(D»tt
1.8
1.7
0.4 T 0.6
4.0
3.1
7.7
6.0
VOR
L8
1,7
2.2
3.8
4.9
9.2
9.0
2,1
./"
I,A,C
.'.
14.4'
T
l7.5
19.9-1"
T l6.5 T
* Low exposure is 10000-19999 hours of lifetime solar exposure.
High exposure is 20000 or more hours.
** T = tannability, A = age, C = complexion.
t As odds ratios, these numbers differ markedly from other odds ratios
including OR, VOR and MOR.
tt Standardized adjusted risk ratios.
-22Summarizing from the CASCNTRL output (A3-A9), the following
conclusions are reached:
1.
In the older age group, people with pale complexion are at a
high risk of acquiring solar induced squamous cancer (Table 5),
2.
These significant risks are higher for those who burn (OR
than for those who tan (OR
3,
= 30.0)
= 12.9).
For the younger age groups the risks appear to be higher for the
pale group also, but sparse cells prevent a firm conclusion.
4.
From Table 4, whose results are less perturbed by sparse cells,
it is noted that complexion is the most critical factor in solar
induced squamous cancer.
Pale people have a summary risk of
21.3 (VOR), adjusted for age and tannability, whereas dark people
have a VOR of 3.1, also adjusted for age and tannability.
These results from CASCNTRL are consistant with the conclusions reached
by Vitaliano who used a logistic approach.
The logistic model contained
an exposure-complexion interaction term and the three covariables age,
complexion, and tannability, along with exposure.
From this, complexion
surfaces as the only significant effect modifier, in agreement with the
CASCNTRL results.
However, the point estimates obtained by Vitaliano
(RR of Table 5) differ widely from the strata-specific odds ratios, as one
would expect with only the significant terms included in the model.
Thus,
based on the model assumptions and the "smoothing" effects of fitting, one
is apt to place as much confidence on the role of complexion in the younger
group as in the older, whereas in the present analysis
some interesting differences, though not all statistically significant,
are observed (summary items 1, 2 and 3, above).
On the other hand the logistic estimates for RR (24.1 and 3.0 for pale
and dark respectively) and their counterpart VOR estimates (21.3 and 3.1)
.
-23are comparable (see Summary item 4, above).
Other important measures of risk are given by CASCNTRL,
Using either
CPAR or APAR, the adjusted population attributable risk is 34%, i,e., the
proportion of incidence in the population that is attributable to exposure is
approximately 34%,
The etiologic fraction is 82%, i,e"
of incidence among the exposed is approximately 82%.
the proportion
These are not
available in the logistic analysis; adjusted PARs and EFs cannot properly
be constructed from simple algebraic manipulation on adjusted odds ratios.
However several choices of these indexes are available in CASCNTRL.
-24REFERENCES
BERKSON, J. Smoking and lung cancer; Some observations on two recent
reports. J, Ann, Stat. Assoc. 53, 28~38, 1958,
COLE, P., MACMAHON, B. Attributable risk percent in case-control
studies. Br. J. Prevo Seo. Med. 25, 242-244, 1971.
DAYAL, H.H. On the desirability of the Mantel-Haenszel summary measure
in case-control studies of multifactor etiology of disease,
Am. J. Epidemiol, 108, 506-511, 1978,
FLEISS, J.L. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, New York:
John Wiley and Sons, 1973.
GRIMSON , R.C., MORGENSTERN, H, Potential impact fractions for casecontrol and prospective studies, (unpublished paper, available
from author).
HAMILTON, M.A. Choosing the parameter for a 2 x 2 table or a 2 x 2 x 2
table analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 109, 362-375, 1979.
LEVIN, M.L., BERTELL, R. Simple estimation of population attributable
risk from case-control studies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 108, 78-79, 1978.
LEVITON, A.
Definitions of attributable risk (letter to the Editor),
Am. J. Epidemiol. 98, 231, 1973.
MANTEL, N., HAENSZEL, W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data
from retrospective studies of disease. J. Nat'l Cancer Instit.
22, 719-748, 1959.
MIETTINEN, O.S. Standardization of risk ratios.
96, 383-388, 1973.
Am. J. Epidemiol.
MIETTINEN, O.S. Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given
exposure, trait of intervention. Am. J. Epidemiol. 99, 325-332,
1974.
NUNNALLY, J.
Psychometric Theory.
New York:
MCGraw-Hill, 1967.
,E.J., TRECHOPOULOS, D., MACMAHON, B. Lactation and reproductive
histories of breast cancer patients in Boston, 1965-66. J. Nat.
Cancer Inst. 43: 1013-1024, 1969.
SALBE~
URBACH, F., ROSE, D.B" BONNEM, M. Genetic and environmental interactions
in skin caranogenesis. Environment and Cancer, Baltimore, MD,
Williams and Wilkens 1972, p. 476.
VITALIANO, P.P, The use of logistic regression for modelling risk
factors: with applications to non-melanoma skin cancer. Am. J.
Epidemiol, 108, 402-414, 1978.
YULE, G,U.
On the association of attributes in statistics.
194-257, 1900.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Ser., A.
Philos.
-25ZELEN, M. The randomization and stratification of patients to clinical
trials. J. ekron. Dis. 27, 365-375, 1974.
e.
APPENDIX
e
e
e
PARITY: 2-3
.
.
---.-------_.-._--------_.-._---------._
..
_._--------.---.---.------.---------.. -._-.--.-----.----_.-._---..
---------.
TABLE: 1
1000S RATIOI
1 INV VAR 1
6.0
53.0
951: CI
CHI SQ 1 MWGHT
"7.0
AGE < 20
...
I
2.0
2".0
26.0
8.0
71.0 1
79.0
1.532 I
0.287,
..... -_ .. ----- .. -----_
. _- .. _--.--------_.-----.-
8.172
0.252 1
- .. _-_
-
1.190 1
__
..J
1.371 1
- -~.---------
.
.~
.
.
..
---.--.-----.----.-------.--------._-------_._.-.-.-.. _-----.----- .. -_._------.-._.- .. -.-----.----_.- .. ----------.----.
.
~...
TABLE: 2
AGE 20-29
1..... 0
428.0
~
572.0
. ---- .... ---_._ ..•. ----_.36.0
180.0
12'3.0
.557.0 . I
165.0
. -
-'
~
1000S RATIOI
I
1.206 I
CHI SQ 1
0.782 1
95" CI
0.796,
1.826
MWGHT
I INV VAR I
20.906 1
22.316 1
.-.-.---------_.-.-._.--- .. -.- ... -- ..• -._. __ . __ .-.----.-.----.-.-- .
737.0
---.--------.----.--.
__ .-.--._.-.-.--_.-.----.--.----.
-------~-----._---_._-- .. __ .. _- .. -.---------_._------ .. _------.--1..... 0
TARLE: 3
CHI SQ I MWGHT
191.0
1000S RATIOI
I INV VAR I
95" CI
"7.0
•
AGE
> 30
I
39.0
80.0
119.0
-----_.------.--.. ------86.0
22".0 I 310.0
0.670 I
0."0'"
2.lJ39 1
1,109
18.116 I
.
15.069 1
-----------------_._-------~-------------------------- -------.-----
..
.~
•
•
~ODOS
77.0
233.0
310.0
---... ---- .. ---- .. -.. -.-852.01
27".0
1126.~
•
•
•
•
•
..,
.
.. __ ._---_.------------.--------------------_.--------.------------------.-----.-.-----._-.--------------.--------.---_
OVE:RALl
1
197.0
61'3.0
816.0
I
I MEASURE OF I
I
1
RATIOI
951: CI . -
I _CHI SQ
ICONFOUNDI~G
I
S.E. 1
I
I
I
I
1
1
I
0.1551
I
1
1
I
.-.-.---.------.-----_... _-----.--...0,059
_-._.----._._.. ------.-.-.3
0.963 I
I
0.711.
1
I
CRU.OEI
MOR I
VOR I
ISRR 1
ESRR I
OSRR 1
TSRR I
.-
0.97lJ
0.967
1.018
0.943
1.106
0.962
I
I
I
I
1
1
0.712,
0.706,
_- .•. _-
1. 0"
1.331
1.325
_--------
I ___.0.028.1 _._.0.989 _
I
0.996
1
I
I
0.9"6
I
1
1.022
I
1
0.871
I
I
1.001
- .. --_ .. - .. ----
I
"
"
"
-.-------------
..
..
..
**********OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT**********
Pi :
P2 :
XRR =
OIFF=
PHI =
YUlE=
COLE:
0,7190
0.7265
0.98'6
0.0021
0.0050
-O.OIllB
-0.0263
" ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
-2.75"
1.2560
APAR=
3.3301
TPAR:
98.7.... 0
BACK:
X PREVE:NTED FRACTIONS
CPF=
2.6858
APF=
2."5'36
TPF=
-6.9622
CFS=
3.6968
5.7444
AFs=
CF6=
1.0389
1.61.. 3
AF6=
X
[TIOlOGI~
CEF:r
A[F:
TEF:
cn:
AF3=
FRACTIONS
-3.8387
1.7.. 69
0.0088
-1.04'38
-0.9614
,oJ
:>
l-'
-:.-;
...
·
PARITY= .. -9
---.-----
TARL(= 1
AGE < 20
-
., - . - . - - - . - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - _ • • - - - - - • • - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
•
10.0
50.0
60.0
2.0
211.0
26.0
7".0 I
86.0
10005 RATIO I
2."00 I
I
we_we_e.
MWGHT
I INV VAR I
1.163 I
1.511 I
.---.---.-----_.-.-.---.- .. -.-.-.--.-.----_.-._-.- .. _.-------.---.-
.--- ... -.--._.-.- .. -._-._.
12.0
CHI SQ I
1.217 I
951 CI
0."87,
11.820
·
.
---.--------------------------------_._------_._
.... -.-.-----.----------... _--.-.-.-.--.-.-._-------.------------.-.-.TABLE= 2
312.0
CHI SQ I MWGHT
68.0
380.0
I INV VAR I
100DS RATIOI
951 CI
AGE 20-29
36.0
129.0
0."96,
1.229
0.781 I
1.1"7
I
.....
.----__.-__.-__.
__.---.......•....
165.0
------.-.-------._.------....1.0 I 5..5.0
10".0
!
·
....
..
---.--.--------_._------_.-._---.-.------------------.
----------------------_. __ ._.-..... --- ..-..
22.0
32.0
... ------------ .. _----- ••......•• --
-----_.-.-.- .. __ ... 119.0
-.. --.39.0
80.0
61.0
112.0 I
951 CI
0.726,
2,7"0
IODDS RATIOI
1."10 I
I
5".0
_~._-_
MWGHT
I INV VAR I
7.21" I
8.707 I
~
~
10DDS RATIOI
951 CI
---._--.---------~-_
CHI SQ
...
_-.--I
I MEASURE OF
I CONFOUNDING I
310.0
.-.-.---------_.----------.-----.--------------------.---.--I
2.3,.3 I
0.768 I
1.077 I
CRUCEI
0.5"8,
627.0 I
80... 0
MOR
VOR
IS-RR
ESRR
OSRR
TSRR
\."
~\
~l
w_._._
233.0
.. ---- •..•. _... _- .. -..• -..
177.0
18.712 I
.
173,0
"9".0
'.-
.
J
CHI SQ I
1.033 I
--------------------._------------.-----------------..I _-.---.----._-------... __ ._-- .. -...
OVERALL
100.0
I
39".0
77.0
20.609 I
..--. ----------.-----_ .. -.. -.-------.-----
. ,
TARLE= 3
AGE ) 30
I
I
I
-I
,
I
I
1,003 I
0.989 ,
0~Cj3' ,
1.1,.2 I
1.038 I
1.005 I
0.699,
0.687,
.. _.--------
... _--
1,"38
1 ...2..
____ ._n
.. _-------_. __ ._-_._--_. __
,,
I
0.000 ,
,
s.E.
..J
.,
""
,
0.766
I 0.18,.,
0.776
I
I
0.821
I
0,673
I
I
I
I
1________L ____ 0.7.. 0 ____ 1 _____ I
I
I
I
I
0.76,.
~
I
.-_._-.~._._-_
...,
-1
... ----------- -------------
•••••••••• oTHER MEASURES OF (FF(CT ••••••••••
=
=
Pl
P2
XRR =
OIFF=
PHI
YULE=
COLE=
...
=
'"'
I
0.56500.62S ..
0.S991
0.0002
0.0005
-0.1312
0.0025
ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
-17.0655
APAR=
-3.862"
TPAR=
• ... 9722
BACK:
103.862"
I
PREVENTED FR~CT10NS
CPF=
1"'5778
-1.1.. 95
APF=
-2.1370
TPF=
23,1986
CF5=
AF5=
-1",1758
10,0921
CF6=
AF6=
-6.Ui69
I
ETIOLOGIC FRACTIONS
-30.2060
CEF=
AEF=
-6.836,.
TEF=
-6·5105
CF3=
.11.22~9
AF3:
0.8851
.
>
N
....
\,
e
e
e
A3
TOTAL SCRICS
-.'TARLC: 1
yBP
---.---- .. -.- .. D.!!
_---- .. -- .. ---1.0
O.!!
--
- -. __
....... _---._-_
1000S RATIOI
I.
7.8!!7 I
31.0
. --.---_.-_ .... - ... -.-- ...
28.0 ,
32.0
".0
2.!!
CHI sa I
1.327 ,
-.-
MWGHT
I INV VAR
O.O!!!!'
0.231
- •............. _-.---_
_..
-._
.
-_.- ..1000S
-.. -RATIOI
-.........• --_
-.- _-.---- .. --I ..
--.--CHI sa I MWGHT
INV VAR
9!!1 CI
I
1.!!33 ,
0.317
0.0!!9 I
"9.80"
... -.-- _- .. - 0.0'17. -.......•.•.•...
--_
- 0.23'"
-.. --_._-.-.-
-.--.- .. -------.-------.- .. _-------_.-._--
,IIRLC: 2
yBO
--_ .............• ----_ .. --- .. ----
9!!1 CI
0.13'"
"62.286
3.0
-_ 13.0 .
16.0
2.0
·
.
-.--------._-.-.--.2.!!
__ .-.-._----- .. -._--_._ .. _-.----.---.---.-------_.-._._--.. _-.---- .. _._------------------------CHI Sa , MWGHT
9!!1 CI
loDes RATIOI
I INV VAR
TAaLC: 3
.- .......• _--
".0
yTP
2.902. 289!!.113
I
91.667 I
.---_
.•.• --_._--_----_.-._-
28.0
----.------_ .. --._-----._32.0
1!!.186 I
0.023'
- .. -.. __ ._-----_
0.322
_--_ .
·
- _.
- .
....--.--------------_._.. -.-._.------_.---.-----------.-- .. ---_.----_.--------------.-_._--.-----.-._-.----.--.- .. _--.CHI sa I MWGHT
I INV VAR
9!!1 CI
6.0
1000S RATIOI
.
-
'ARLC:
yTO
.
~
1.0
II
,
.. -.-._- ..... -._- •.. -_ ...•
.
1.0
10.0
---.-
0.!!1".
2.72!! ,
87.2!!1I
-. __ ..••........ -.. _--------
0.133'
0.583
------- .. -----
75.0
72.0 I
· .. _--- .. -------._-_.--------.-_._-_._---_
TABLC: !!
oBP
6.700 I
.-.-.-- .. ---
69.0
2.0
_._.- 1000S RATIOI
-._
._--_.-_ .. --- ..
3.520. 2!!!!.700
I
I
....30.000
-_._-----_
... - ... - ... _---_ ... _--.--- .. - .... _._---.----.- .. _-
!!6.0
-..
_._------
-_ ..951---_CI
,
11.0
-_
_----
CHI Sa ,
17.373 I
_.. __
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.209 I
0.837
67.0
·
----.--_.-.
__ .------.--.- .. -----.- .. --._ .. -•..• - .... -- ._-.- ... -.------_ .. ----_.-----_._----- .. _.- ...
..•• _--I INV VAR
9!!1 CI
CHI sa I MWGHT
3.0
10005 RATIOI
1.0
2.0
1.875
,
0.390.
92.282
0.200
I
0.!!1'1
I
6.000 I
......
__ ._._-- .... __ .. _. __ ... _... -..... -... -..... -.. ---_.-.---.12.0
3.0
.
TARLC= 6
oBO
..
-._~
... -.-.-.... -_15.0
... _.
10.0 ,
·
-._--------._--_.---_
".0
.....lIaLC: 7
oTP
----_
---.---_ .. _--_.-.------ -----.--_.-_.. __ ._-_ .. __
_ .
CHI sa , MWGHT
I INV VAR
951 CI
8.899 I
1.906.
87.173
0.231 I
1.051
.. _ _-.-... - .. __ .. ---- _ _---- .. _-- -.-
- --.---.-
-
7.0
'ODDS RA TIO'
12.889'
I
32.0
_.. _- .. -... - ... -._.- .... _-
·
----_._._-----_-.,ARLC: 8
3.0
32.0
-
8.0
I
39.0
_-._
.
--_ .. __ .
..-.---
OTO
11.0
69.0 ,
__·.. _
---_._------_.-._----.-_
-------_._ .. _----_
9!!1 CI
I
0.!!18.
10.108 1
CHI sa I
1.2'12 I
T 0
P
.0F.F0R
M
..
, .. 3.0
·36.0
273.0 , 309.0
_.. _-.-- .. __ .--- ... -.- ....
29'1.0 , 3!!2.0
!!8.0
22.0
21.0 I
,
,
_.
CRUDE'
MOR I
VOR I
ISRR
CSRR I
OSRR I
TSRR
CHI sa
9!!1 CI
JOOOS RATIO'
.-
_- .. _.-
---.-- .. --.-.--_._---.-_
.. -..
__ .. _----
7.9....
8.008
7.232
7.706
16.3..9
12.939
!!.HO
,
,
..... --
3.978.
".061.
3.1!!8.
__ .-
_-_
1!!.865
1!!.792
16.!!62
37.313
36.0!!3
- .. -.--
---
_-_ .. _._--.-_.
MEASURE OF I
CONFOUNDING I
_----._-
0.992
1.091\
1.031
0 ...86
0.61"
1.!!"6
I
e
0.3793
0.071"
!!.3103
0.268!!
0.3200
0.776'1
7.0079
ATTRIBUTABLC RIS~S
CPAR=
33.156!!
~PAR:
33.8..117
TPAR:
32'87!!0
BACK:
66.1!!53
CPF:
...9.6032
" PRCVENTCD
APF=
-!!".1286
FR~CTIONS
TPF=
CF!!"
AF!!=
CF6:
AF6=
-83'''07lt
.69...........
.1!!30.7639
... 31.03115
·903."016
I
-.-.3.0!!'
_-.---- .. --_. __ .-.-
••••••••••OTHER MCASURES OF CFFCCT ••••••••••
Pl :
P2 :
XRR =
OIFF=
PHI:
YULC=
COLE=
_--_ .. -
MWGHT
I INV VAR
-0.976-'
1.7'10
82.0
.
_-._._ .. --_ .. _--- .. -----.-_.. _ .
-.. -.-.-.--- .. __ ._-.-----_ --- .. -._-
- --. . - wrRALL
.
1000S RATIOI
,
2.287 I
.. -._- .... --- .. _._ ... _.....•... -... _... _-._ .. __ ._._--------.--_ ..
71.0
10.0
..-. __ w·.·_. __· ..•_..·._._
.
_-_._-~-
CTIOLOGIC FRACTIONS
CCF:
87.'1126
~CF:
93.e"21
TEF:
81.9157
CF3=
81.1688
AF3=
88.SHO
,..
.
.
BURNS
---.--------.-----------_._
.. _._._----------- ... _._--.---.---._-----.-.-.-------_.-.-.--.-----_._.----------------.-.- ..
TARLE= 1
CHI SQ , MWGHT
0.5
0.5
1.0
'INV VAR ,
951 CI
'ODDS RATIO'
.
YP
7.857'
,
3.5
27.5
31.0
4.0
28.0 ,
32.0
... -.-_
.-----.-._-.-.--- .. - .. _---
0.134,
·
.
---.-_.-._------------------_._._-_.-._--_.-._-------.---.---.--_._._-.-.-.TARLE= 2
2.5 ,
0.5
1.5
I
L
r'
0.055'
0.231'
------------.-----.----.-.---
-.-.- .. --CHI
_------.----.-.-.MWGHT
'INV VAR ,
SQ ,
0.059 ,
0.234 I
0.317'
... -.---.-----_.-.-.-.-._ .. -._.-.--._._ .. _.. -.-._._.--.-.----.-----
11.5
·
.
---.--.-.---.---.. - .. _.-.-._-._.-.------_ .... --.-._-.---.---.--._----.-.----_
.. --- ... ----.-- .. _-_.- .. _-----------.-.--TABLE= 3
10.0
CHI SQ I MWGHT
1.0 I
11.0
951 CI
• INV YAR I
1000S RATIO'
I
30.000.
oP
h.O
42.0 I
24.0
43.0 I
255,700
.-_ .. -_ .. ------ 3.520,
-.-- _--_
56.0
---._--- .. _-_._.-._-.--_ ..
.---'
I
1.327 ,
-.--
951 CI
0.047,
49.804
'ODDS RATIO'
,
1.533'
, 13.0
----.-.-.-._-.-.-.--.--_.2.0
1'1.0 , 16.0
YO
I
3.0
"62,286
--.---.---.- .. -
: __ • •
._.
, , TARLE:"
L- -_., 00
I
2.0
3.0
17.373 I
0.837,
-- ...••....0.20"
_------------- ..
67.0
•
1.0 I
9.0 II
-
•
3.0
12 ~ 0
• __ . _ - _ • • • __ •
~
10DOS RATIO'
I ._-6.000• I
• __ •
-
_
951 CI
• CHI SQ I M,WGHT" • NY YAR, I
0.390, ._.
92.2S2.
.. 0.200'.
0.514,..
:.:,;:.-;: 1.875'
__ • __
..
I,
~_.
-;;_";.:.:.:__.:.;.:.:.:.~ -.:-~-::------
.-- 5.0
.... -.--------------.-10.0 I
15.0
r
!-
·
---.------------------_.-.-----------_.--------------.---.---.------------.---.. --_ .. --.-------------._-------------.--,
f -,----- i MEASURE OF I
I
,
OVERALL
12.0
4.0
16.0
951 CI
I CHI SQ • CONFOUNDING I s.E. ,
!ODOS
RATIO'
_....---.-.- ._._. . __---.-.w_..._.... . .__...
- .
21.0
89.0
110.0
r
r
.----. __ .. - ....... -- .. _-.33.0
93.0 ,
126.0
,,
CRUDEI
MOR
VOR
ISRR ,
ESRR I
DSRR •
TSRR I
12.71"
11.830
10.032
11.359
22.276
10.9"0
6,403
3.726,
3.S22,
2.420,
•
,
•
I
,
I
,.3.388 I
18.200 I
•
36.615
18.371 •
1.075
41.593 .i• -- --_..-_.. -._..
1.267 ---- •
I
1.i19
I
I
0.571
I
--_. 1.162 -----1.986
,
,
,,
I
• ....
... - .... _---------- .... _- .. -- .... -•.. -._- •... -.--
,
,,
,
I
7.2791•
,,I
..•
-- ._--------~
••••••••*.OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT••••-•••••• U.'
=
=
.~)
r
r:
e
Pl
P2
XRR =
OIFF=
PHI =
YULE:
COLE=
I
0.3636
0.01+30
8.451+5
0.24,.5
0.3818
0.8542
10.8302
ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
33.5036
APAR=
3".1246
TPAR=
29.2606
BACK=
65.8754
X PREyENTEO FRACTIONS
CPF=
-50,38"0
APF:
-54.8252
TPF=
-46,1335
CF5= ;1171.,.286
AF5= ..2122.8571
CF6=
-745.4545
AF6: -1273.7143
•
I
ETIOLOGIC
CEF=
AEFII
TEF=
CF3=
AF3=
FRACTIONS
92.1348
99.5301
87.9041
SS.1720
95-9441
~
e
.
e
e
e
--
•
TANS
---.--------._.-----.-.
__ .-._-------..~.o
-.-_ .... _-----.---.----------.-.-.-.--.. -.--- ....
-.-------.-.-._----------.----TARLE= 1
2.5
1.5 I
1000S RATIOI
951 CI
I CHI SQ I -MWGHT
I INV VAR
YP
I
91.667 I
I
0.5
27.5
28.0
3.0
29.0
32.0
2.902, 2895.113
I
15.186 I
0.023 I
.~-- ~-
------"
~)
0.322
.---.-----------------_.-._-----.- ..... _-------.- .. _.---.----.- .. --
.--.---_.--.---._._-_.-._-
---.- ..-._------------------------_.-.-._._-----.----.-.-----.--------.-.-.--- .. -.---.--.-----.-- .. -.------- .. ---_.-.--.
..
__ p o .
TARLE= 2
yO
1.0
,
5.0 I
I
67.0
6.0
•
__
•
10005 RATIOI
I
6.700 I
95. CI
0.51~,
I
87.25~
CHI SQ I
2.725 I
I
MWGHT
I INV VAR I
0.133 I
0.583 I
-J
.---.-.-.------.-.-.-.--- .... -.- •.•..•..• --- ..... --.---------.-.---
69.0
-----2.0..-.- ..72.0
_._-._.-.-._--
...)
.
. .
---.--------.-------._---.--------_.-_.-._-_._-._----.---.--... _------- .. _--._ .••...........•.... _... -- ... ---------._-TAnLE= 3
7.0
95. CI
CHI SQ I
INV VAR
3.0
~.o
oP
looes RATIOI
3.0
I
3.0
rI
75.0
29.0
32.0
32.0
3'.0
12.889 I
1.'06,
8.899 I
87.173
MWGHT
. 0.231
J
1.051
... -_ .. -.-_ ..... ---------.. -----.--.-.- .. -_._---.--_ .. --------- .. _-
.--_._---.. -.---_.-.-._-- 7.0
.. _.-.------- .. _... _----.-----_.--------._---- ... --- .. _-.---_.---------.
---.-._-.---.-----------_.--._------_._-_.-----TABLE= ..
e.o
CHI SQ I MWGHT
11.0
IOOOS RATIOI
95. CI
I INV VAR
3.0
00
I
10.0
61.0
0.518,
10.108
I
1.2~2
0.976 I
1.7~0
~---_._._---
.--.--.---._---...-.- ....
69.0
13.0
2.287 1
.-.-.----------_ .. ----------------------------- .. -- ....
71.0
82.0
J
---.----._.----------._------------_.---------_
... ----.---.------------------------_.-.--.------------------------------.
OVE:RALL
10.0
17.0
27.0
I
I
I MEASURE OF I
10005 RATIOI
15. 0
18".0
199.0
.-----.----------.-----.-25.0
201.0
226.0
CH~SQI
951 CI
CONFOUNCING I
S.E.
.--- ...
------------.------------.---------------------------------2.813,
7.216
18.507
19.30~
CRUCEI
I
MOR
VOR
ISRR
rSRR
cSRR
TSRR
I
I
1
I
I
!
2.616,
2.206.
6.051
6.113
5.561
8.052
u
13.993
16.9.. 3
17.711
1~193
1.180
1.298
0.8'36
0.538
1.538
13.~10
~.692
J
I
3.1791
...,I
I
1
I
I
.J
.---_.--------------------------.-- ... _-----------------.--------- .
••••••••••OTHER ME:ASURES OF EFFECT••••••••••
=
Pi
P2
XRR
DIFF=
PHI =
YULE=
COLE:=
=
=
I
o.~ooo
0.oe~6
".729"
0.3002
0.2799
0.7566
5.0506
ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
3~'''565
APAR=
33.~679
TPAR=
3~.8902
BACK:
66.5321
• PREVENTED FR_CTIONS
CPF=
-52.5705
APF=
-53.1533
TPF=
-10~.188~
CFS=
~621.5686
AF5=
.701.8333
eF6=
.372.9~12
AF6=
.~0 ... 9038
I
ETIOLOGIC
CEF:
AEF=
TE:F=
CF3=
AF3=
FRACTIONS
86.1..13
87.0165
78.5770
78.8557
79.7300
:>
\.Jl
..
~
' .....
,
to
,
,
,
PALE.
o
.
".0
I'
28.0 1
Ii
---.--------_.--_._-_._.-.-._-----.---_._-------.-.-.----.---.---._-----.---... -----.--._----.------._.----------.-._
..
1.5 ,
TAR~E: 2
2.5
CHI SQ I MWGHT
1 INV VAR 1
".0
'OOOS RATIO'
95" CI
,"-
•
~f)t
.-
~
,.
I
I
I
L ..
•
I
0.5
27.5 I
28.0
3.0
29.0 ,
32.0
91.667 I
2.902. 2895.113
0.~~3'
15.18_6_1
0.322'
.-.-.---.---._---._--._.- .. -----.--_ .. ---.-.-.-.-------------.----.
.----_.- ........ -....•....
r
P)-
t
32.0
o
,..
,...
•
.
-------------------..
_.---------.. -._._----... ----.---.----------.-.-.-.---.------.------.-.---... _-----------.----TARLE: 1
0.5
0.5 I
1.0
1000S RATIOI
951 CI
1 CHI SQ I MWGHT
1 INV VAR
I
yB
1
1
7.857 I
0.13". "62.286 1
1.327 I
0.055 I
0.231 I
27.5
3.5
31.0
.-.-.---.. -._.-.-----.-----_._.- .... ---- .. ------- .... -_._-._-.-.-- .
. --.--.-.-. __ .-.- .. -._._--
•
r
---.-------._.--._.--- •• -.-.------.----------_ ••••••••• ------.-------_.-.------------.-- ••• ---.------._.---------------u
TABLE: 3 --------.. --10.0
oB
1,..0
-.--
1.0 ,
11.0
"2.0 I
56.0
lODes RATIOI
30.01101
1
95" CI
1 CHI SQ I MWGHT
1 INV VAR I
3."""520. 255;700--1-17-~37!-1----0~209-10.837" 1
.-.-.---.--------._-------_.----.-----------._ ... _._-------.-.-----
.----_.------.---.--._---2,..0
"3.0 I
67.0
lr --- -----------------..-_._--.--------..-----------------.---.------._._----.o
•
TABLE; ,.
oT
".0
3.0
3.0 I
I
29.0
7.0
.
'OOOS RATIOI
1
12.889 I
7.0
-.. - - -----------oo
-
95" CI
1.906.
87.173
-
-- .. -_ .. _--.-
I
1
-
-----_.-----
CHI SQ 1- MWGHT - 1 INV VAR
8.899'
0.231 1
1.051
.-.-.---.--------_._----------.-.----.-------.-_ .. _----------.-----
---.----_.-._---._-----.-32.0
lu_
39.0
-_.-
------~----
~.-_.
--------------------.
__ .--------------------._-------.-------------.--------._.------.----.-.-.------.-----~- ..
OVrRAlL
16.0
5.0
21.0
I
I
I MCASUREOF J
o
,.
"
•
•
•
IOOOS RATIOI
20.0
125.0
1,.5.0
-----~--------------.--_.36.0
130.0 1 166.0
r-
L
-_
...---
-.-~--_._.
_------.
CHISQ ···'-CONFOUNDING . I
95" CI
--~
---.
~\
1
S-~E-. 1
.-.----------------.------------.-----------..... -------------.--60.663 1
35.336 I
,
20.000 I
CRUOEI
6.59".
1
MOR
VOR
ISRR
ESRR
OSRR
TSRR
,
1
I
,
I
I
22.827
21.283
21.781
26.600
.. 2.019
16.779
I
I
I
,
I
I
8.360.
6.071,
62.334
7,..606
- iOO
1
I
1
1
-.-_.--~-~-
,
,
,
37.2,.7 - f~-~ -O~-87.-6--- _.~ I---~-- I
I 13.6201
0.940
I
0.918 ----_.
1
0.752
1
I
1
0.476
1
I
I ___ 1.192
I
~,-----
,
,
...,
.-.----------------.----.---.---.--_._-----------------------.-----
••••••••••OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT ••••••••••
PI :
P2
XRR :
OIFF=
PHI :
YULE:
COLE:
=
r
0.,... ,.,.
0.0385
11.5556
0.32,.3
0,"737
0.90,.8
21.827,.
" ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
.. 2.2222
APAR=
,.2.8037
TPAR=
,.6.6322
BACK:
57.1963
I
PREVENTED FRACTIONS
-73.0769
CPF=
APF:
-77.7950
TPF:
-1,.6.1700
CF5: .1900.0000
AF5= .2555.0000
CF6: -1055.5556
AF6: .13,.,..7368
" ETIOLOGIC FRACTIONS
CEF:
95.0000
AEF=
101.6588
TEF=
96.5777
CF3:
91.3,.62
AF3=
97'2,.38
r--------------------------------------------------------------------
e
e·
~\
>
0'
e
-
e
~
·
,..
DARK
. .
2.5
0.5
3.0
'ODDS RATIO I
I
1.533'
yB
11.5
13.0
1.5
. --_._.-... _.-._._----._.
2.0
11+.0 ,
16.0
1.0
5.0
6.0
""
""
---- •.•.....•.
CHI SQ
-----------.-._-.
.-.-.---.----- .. --- ... -._ .. ---.- .. -.-.----_.-.-._ .. _--.-._._-.-._- .
------------.-~--------_._--------.-----_.---.--_._.-.
-.-.---.-------_
TARLE: 1
e
---
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I MWGHT
I INV VAR ,
0.317 ,
0~05' .--- -0.23.. ',
95" CI
0.01+7,
..,,801+
·
. .
--------._------------.
__ .-._-----.----------.-------.-.-.---.----.. -----------_.-.- .... -----.--_ ... _------ .. -.... -._.TABLE: 2
YT
.---2.0
II
I
!,
3.0
10DDS RATIOI
I
6,700 I
CHI SQ
95" CI
0,511+,
87,25"
I
2.725 ,
MWGHT
• INV VAR •
0.583 I
0.133 I
.-.-.---.----- .. -.-.---_ ... -----.--.-.-.-----.--_ .... --"-----.-.--.
69.0
-- 67.0
.•. - -.
72.0 I
75.0
---.-----------------------_._._-._.--.---------.-._-._.-.---.---.--_
.. -.-._-_ .. ---.- ..... _---_ .. ------_.-- .. _----.-.--.
TABLE: 3
CHI SQ I MW6HT
1.0
I INV VAR I
oW
_
2.0
3.0
10DDS RATIOI
,
6,000 I
OB
...-.-_ .. -
.. --.. -- .. -._---._ .•. _-_.3.0
9.0
12.0
5,0
10,0 I
15.0
---.----_ .. --_._--_._------TABLE: ..
OT
95" CI
0.390,
-.---.-
92,282
-..•..•.•.
-
I
0.511+ I
-.--._ 0.200
-.-------_ .. -..-.
1.875 I.
------- 951
--_CI.. __ .-.-._--..CHI__ SQ I --... I INV VAR •
MW6HT
1.21+2-'1-- 0.976.
1.71+0 I
0,518,
10,108
... - -.-_ .. ------ .. ---.- -- ---_ .. _-- .. _._-
---.-----._--- .. ------.-.-.-
3.0
8.0
11.0
10.0
61.0
71.0
--.~-----.----.
10DOS RATIOI
I
2.287 I
.. -.---_._----.. - ... _---, .. - 69.01 '-"82.0-' -
•
,
13~O'
I
JL
i
~ l_
... __ .-.. _.... _.--_._._--.-_
..-_._.. -.---- ... __ .. -._--I
I
I MEASURE OF •
_I_,CHI,SQ ICONFOUNDING_nL.S,E. I
1000$ RATIO I
'5" ....
CI
.-.----------------.--_
_-- ... --.-.-_ .... -.... - .. -.-- .. _----.- ..
1,189,
3,1+69
10,120
5.159 I
I
I
CRUDEI
· .. -----._------._----_ ... _- ... -.... _-- .._...
.--.OVrRALL
6.0
16,0
22.0
16.0
11+8.0
161+.0
22.0
161+.0 I
186.0
_"
.--.- .. - .. ----- .... -._----
~
.- .---.-
,
-.--.~------.--_
I
I
_ _ U
MOR
VOR
ISRR
ESRR
DSRR
TSRR
I
I
I
1
I
,
3,035
3.137
2.830
3,536
3.852
3,21+1
1.01+8,
1,01+0,
8,793
9,1+56
I
._ _ ~. __..._ .....
.,
,
I
".186 I.
1,1"3
I
···-I,--,u1'.106---"1
I
1,226
I
.__ 1_ _ 0, '81_._1
I
0.900'
'1.070
1
....•.... -.- .... - ..•...........•• -.... --_ .. -- ..... _-- . .
~
-
I u
1,7661
I
1
"'
_
I
,
.. _-._ .. -- .
'i
••••••••••OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT ••••••••••
,...
,.
;
i
i_
~
=
=
PI
P2 :
XRR
DIFF:
PHI :
YULE=
COLE:
0.2727
0.0976
2.7955
0.1703
0.1500
0.5521+
2.0353
X ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
19.1+103
APAR=
19.01+28
TPAR=
20.5971
BACK:
80.9572
X PREVENTED FR~CTIONS
-21+,0851+
CPF=
-21+.51+55
APF=
TPF:
-27,3935
-2146.8750
CF5=
.250 ...687
AF5=
CF6:
-179.51+55
-171l.2391
AF6=
.,....----------------------------------------\
X ETIOLOGIC
CEF=
AEF:
TEF:
CF3=
AF3=
FRACTIONS
71.1712
72.9975
68.8302
61+.2276
65.1+51+6
~
-....J
•
AGE 0-59
.
.
..
-----.-- .. --.----.---._.-.----------.-_._.-.-.-.-.--.-_._. __ .-.-.-.------ .. ---.---_.
~-\ ---.--.-.---.----.---._.-.--._._-TARLE= 1
0.5
1000S RATIO I
CHI SQ I MWGHT
1.0
I INV VAR I
0.5
951 CI
(
I
L__
RP
I
3.5
27.5
31.0
".0
28.0 I
32.0
7.857 I
0.13".
..62.286
1.327 I
0.055 I
0.231 I
.-------.-.-.- .. -.-.---.- .. -.---.--.- .... -.-_._._.-.--.-.----.---.-
.---- .. ---------- .. -.-- ...
•
•
- - - . - • • - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - . _ . - - - - - - _ . - . _ - . - . - . - - - - • • • • • - - . - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - . - - . - . - - - - - . - - - - _ - . - - - - - -..-._~~-.-~.-----.-------~~~
TARLE= 2
3.0
0.5
1000S RATIOI
1.533'
I
flO
1.5
11.5
2.0
1".0 ,
16.0
2.5
1.5 I
It.O
0.5
I•
. -- .. ---
MWGHT
I INV VAR ,
0.23.. I
0.317 I
.---.---.--_.- .. -.-.-.----------.--.-.---------- .. ------._.--.-.- ..
13.0
-..
- .
-
CHI SQ ,
0.059 I
951 CI
0.0 .. 7.
..9.80..
· ... -.----_.-._--_.- .. _.-.-.-----_.-- .. ----_.- ..
. ----.--------------.-.------_._----.--------_._-------._---.-------.---TARLE: 3
CHI SO ,
TP
!
27.5
1000S RATIO.
I
91.667 I
3.0
--,
6.700 I
I
67.0
------.-_.~------
•
OVrRALL
_-----
72.0 I
..--.--.".0
_---_ .. -.8.0__ ..• - 11.0_----•
3.0
•
6.0
132.0
9.0
1"0.0 I
138.0
.-----.----------_.-._.. 149.0
..
,.
"1I
0.511f.
-_ .... _. __ .-.. _-------- ..
69.0
!
r
MW6HT
I INV VAR ,
0.023 ,_
0.322 I
·
.
---.------------------------._----------_.-----------.-.--.. _--_.--.-.-.-.-... -----.-----.... -----------------------CHI SQ , MW6HT
, INV VAR ,
TABLE= 4
5.0
6.0
1000S RATIOI
951 CI
1.0
2.0
,..
15.186 ,
.-.. _.. _-----------.-.----------.-- .. _._.- ..... _-------- .. _--.-----
28.0
--------.--._----.--_.-._3.0
29.0 I
32.0
TO
I
951 CI
2.902. 2895.113
-
'r
87.254
_--~-._-_._
..2.725
,
0.583 ,
.. _----.--
0.133 I
--------.-.--.--.~_
-.. -._.-_ .. ----- .. __ .-._-.-_ -.- ---.. _ _._. __ ._--------------.
I
I MEASURE OF ,
____I CHI _SQ I CONFOUNDING I S.E.
1000S RATIO I
951 CI
.. --_ .. --_._---.---.-----.--.-.---------_
_-.---,
1.736,
39.216 I
5.327 I
I
8.250 I
CRUCEI
••
I
MOR
VOR
ISRR
ESRR
CSRR
TSRR
I
I
I
I
I
I
_..
I
8.593
8.897
5.298
1".839
22.345
6.197
---_ .. -_
,
I
I
I
I
I
2.610.
1.751.
28.291
..5.207
_----.--_.--
I
I
I
I
_
..
,• _
12.515 I
I
-------
,
----.--I
0.960
0.927
1.557
0.556 ___
0.~69
1.331
----• .. -.--_.---
,
I
I
I T.~791
I
I
1_________ I
I
I
I
I
,I
,;
-._--
••••••••••0THER MEASURES OF EFFECT ••••••••••
___ ~_
L
Pl =
P2
XRR :
DIFF=
PHI =
YULE=
COLE=
=
I
I
r
e
0.3333
0.0571
5.8333
0.2248
0.2898
0.7838
7.5925
I ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
29.2929
APAR=
32.7813
TPAR=
35.2528
BACK=
67.2187
I PREVENTED FRACTIONS
-41."286
CPF=
APF:
-61.7987
TPF=
.12... 2'....
CF5=
.725.0000
AF5= .1358.8889
CF6=
""83.33~3
AF6=
-679."44"
e
•
••
n
_
I ETIOLOGIC FRACTIONS
CEF:
87.8788
AEF=
131.1250
TEF=
86.5432
cn=
82.8571
AF3:
123.597,.
! ;
>
00
e
..
e
....
.
--
- "-",- .-
-
e
-
•
AGE 60+
. ,--
1".0
"2.0
2".0
"3.0 I
3.520,
255.700
0.209 I
RD
56.0
30.000 I
17.373 I
..;
0.837 I
-.#
9.0
12.0
I
5.0
10.0 I
15.0
6.000 I
0.390,-
1~875--(--
92.282
-J
0.200 I - - --- 0.511t I
.-.-.-.-.-----._----------------.--._._-------------------.--.-._ ..
._---_.-.--._--_ ... -.... _3.0
,)
---.-_.---------------------------_.-._._---------._-.--------------------.--------_
.. -._------------------------------.
TARLE: 3
I INV VAR I
CHI SQ I MWGHT
3.0
10DDS RATIOI
7.0
95' C!
".0
TP
_.---_.------------.-_._-.----.- ..
I
3.0
29.0
7.0
32.0 I
32.0
. ----_.-.-------.... -.--.-
~
r
I
I
.0-
~
I
------.---------------------------.----------.-----------.-.-.----------.-._._-.----.. -.-.-.-.-----.------.------.-.--TARLE: 2
1.0
3.0
CHI SQ I MWGHT
I INV VAR I
2.0
951 eI
10DDS RATIOI
;)
12.889 I
1.906,
87.173
---.--_..
8.89' I
0.231 I
.J
1.051
...
_-- .
I
_~~~-._~~~-.--~~-
3'.0
.
.
------.-._-----------------._-----_.. _------._-------.---.-.-----.------------- .... _- ..._-.----------------- .. ----.-.- ..
... .
TABLE: ..
3.0
8.0
11.0
10.0
61.0
71.0
10DOS RATIO I
I
2.287 I
T8
CHI SQ I
1.2.. 2 I
95' CI
0.518.
10.10a
MWGHT
I INV VAR I
0.976 I
1.7"0 I
--'
------_ ..------.-.-.------.. - .. ----.---- .. ------------.----- ..-----
----.. -.---_._--_.-.-._-13.0
82.0
•
-'
69.0 I
.
a
-J
.. . -.'
• - - - - - _ . _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . _ . _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -•--•,-,
--.--.- ••• --------------.
•
Ii
.- ...-... -_ .. _- ... -.-_ ... _--_ .... -- .... _--- ......•... --------.- ....
I
-----.------ .... - .. -.-._-67.0
'
~
~
---j
•
RP
~
-:\
.
-
J
. TARLE:
-----.---------------.--.-._-----.-------------.-._-.---.--------.. ---------------.. -.------------------~_.---.. _--1
1.0
I INV VAR I
10.0
11.0
CHI SQ I MWGHT
10DDS RATIOI
95' CI
w
;)
-
~
19.0
OVERALL
~
13.0
32.0
30.0
171.0 ·
1"1.0 ._._-_____w.----~9.0
J'.,;}
'"
~
15",0 I
--~
203.0
I
I
I
10DDS RATIOI
CHI SQ
95' cI
MEASURE OF I
I CONFOUNDING I
we_we_e.
I
S.E. I
j
.--- ...
-.----------.---------------.------------.-_.---------.-.--cRUDE I
6.869 I
3.062, - 15 ...12- i -- , 25.759 1-- - -I
I
MOR
VOR
ISRR
ESRR
DSRR
TSRR
I
7.8~7
I
I
6.725
8.302
16.651
7.151
... "32
I
I
I
I
I
I
3.505.
2.567.
17.565
17.617
I
25.107 I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
0.875
1.021
0.827
0."13
0.961
1.550
I
I
I
3.30.. 1
I
I
I
I
I
I
,
I
..J
J
.-.-.-----------------------_._-.--.-_._-------- .. -----------.-----
J
**_.**-***OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT.**._ ••**.
""
\01
'2
r--1
_
Pl :
P2 :
XRR :
DIFF:
PHI :
YULE:
COLE:
I ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
0.3878 ---,_-" -CPAR:
33.1307
0.0844
'APAR:
3".1051
~.593"
TPAR:
31.1298
0.2999 --- ---- BACK:---- 65.89..9
0.3517
0.7.. 58
6.81+65
, PREVENTED FRACTIONS
CPF:
-~9.5"55
APF:
-52.59.. 5
TPF=
-53.3967
CF5=
-586.9231
AF5= -1565.1389
eF6=
-359.3.. 07
AF6=
-958.21+83
, ETIOLOGIC
CEF:
AEF=
TEF=
eF3:
AF3=
..J
FRACTIONS
85.~~23
87.9553
78.5191
78.2297
83.0"40
oJ
>
\0
J
•
..
•
BAS L EXP
---.---------------------.-._-----_.-------------_._-._.-.---.---.--.---.-.-... -----.--.-._---------.------------.---.CHI SQ I MWGHT
I INV VAR
I
1000S RATIOI
9~" CI
I
9.288
1.~1~
1.&33 I
I
OIl
2.073 I
..
·
.
---.----------------... -.-.. _._--_.-----.-._---.-._-.-.-.-.-.--------.-.-.--_
.. -.-.-.--.--_..... ---.--_._.------.----.
TARLE= 2
13.0
3.0 I
1&.0
I INV VAR I
CI
CHI SQ I MWGHT
100CS RATIOI
~
9~1
I
2.263 I
--_ 1,7&9
_-.--.. -.---.-
..
·
---.-------------._....
-.-------.. -------.- .. -.----.-.-.---------_.---.------------.--.--_.--_.----.--_._--._---_
.. _-TAnLE: 3
6.0
6.0 I
cI
CHI SQ I MWGHT
lOCOS RATIOI
I INV VAR I
12.0
•
RO
O.&H.
92.0
"8.0 I
1"0.0
•
15&.0
I
2.261 I
.....
- ---.- .. -.-
.-----.-------.... -_.- .. 105.0
51.0
..
8.321
-_
-
1.57~
-
--_
I
.
.
.
..
..
9~1
....
TV
0.597.
"5.0
88.0 I
I
1.95& I
.-_._.. _- .. _--.---_ _-
133.0
------.----------_.-._._-51.0
9/f.O
....
6,"10
1.261 I
1.862 I
2.725 I
-_ .. ---------------.--- ..
-
n~.o
•
·
-----------------------------------------------------.---.--------------.------.-.-.-.... -._------_---------.. -_.------._- ... _-.
-
-_ ..
.
TARLE: /f
TO
17.0
12.0
10DcS RATIOI
I
1./f35 I
29.0
9... 0
~
90.0 I
951 CI
0.6113.
3.20..
CHI SQ I
0.782 I
18".0
.
.
--OVrRALL
..·---------------------.----.---.----..
--._-------.---.--.. ---------.- -- .. _I
"&.0
2".0 I
70.0
'I
I
10DOS RATIOI
CI
I
263.0
512.0
.. _-.-.----- -.--- .. --_
_2"9.0
---- .... _.-- .... -.-- .. -._CRUcEI
5.0&2 I
I
1.076.
~
~
~
r
I
309.0
273.0 I
1 ..-___
~
f:)l
~82.0
-._----.. ---- _._--.-...
f MEASURE OF-I
- I
... .
9~1
flo
MWGHT
I INV VAR I
5.022 I
~.'5" I
-_.-.---.--------.-.------------ .. -.-------.---- .. _----------_._-- .
77.0
-_._.. -_.- 78.0
.. _..••..• -....
155~0
....
1.81~
1.81~
MOR
1.796
VOR •
I
iSRR--.---- 1.850
ESRR I
1.989
oSRR I
1.787
1.8..1
TSRR I
I
I
I
•
•
I
1.0'0,
1.0..3.
3.108
3.093
._._... _.
.~~~-
~
I
I
..
--CHI SQ
..
...
I S.t. I
----- I CONFOUNDING
-._ .. --.--._.--.-.---
-5~0'01
I
I
I
I
I
I
1.000
1.010
".719 I
I
I
....
0 ...981
o.'8f-----r~~~--~
0.912
1• ____,1.016 _____
I
'-
I
I
0.'8&
,
---,
.---.---.--._------.----.--_.-.-.--.-_ ... _---._---._--.-._ .. -.-----
. rl
_____.1 -
**********OTHER MEASURES OF EFFEcT****.-.*.*
Pl:
P2 =
XRR =
DIFF:
PHI:
YULE:
COLE:
p
r~
0.&10,
2.381 I
.---.---.----------.-_ ...•. -----.--.-._------._ .. --_.-.-.----------
-...
...
,.
..
.
I
1,
e
~
0.1 ..89
0.0879
1.693"
0.0607
0.0900
o.,2e,..
0.8150
" IlTTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR:
6.6850
APAR:
&.81100
TPAR:
'.6~ ..8
BACK:
93.1600
" PREVENTEO FRIICTIONS
1 ETIOLOGIC FRACTIONS._,
CPf=
-7.1617
CEF:
..... 8926
APF:
-7.3&77
AEF:
"5.'''71
TPF=
-7.1586
TEF=
"&.3737_
CF5:
-81./f&39CF3:
-"0.9"&0
AFS=
-98.9227
AF3:
"2.1239
CF6=
-69.33'6
AF6=
-8... 1963
, ,
t
e
,e
d
'1
_
t. •
tf;
.~=e=
.
~
= ;'
""'"...
h _ e__
e
"%c' .,i
•
•
•
e
e
e
SQU l tXP
---.--.-._-------_.- .. _.-.-._--_.-.- ... -.----._ ..... -.---.-.- .. -.. -.. -.-.-._._----._ ... -.- .. _.. -._.- .. ---_.--.- .... ----TARlt: 1
RY
2.0
2.0
3.0 I
I
35.0
5.0
~.O
951 CI
1.185, 114.901
,
I
CHI SQ I
6.118 I
MWGHT
0.1~3
~2.0
·
....
---~-- .. _-------------------------.-----.------------. _.-.-._._._-------------_.-.---.--.---.-.-.-.---------------.----.
.
TARLE: 2
RO
r
3.0
1~.0
I
I
J
I
I
3.0
.
.
6.0
~8.0
7.0
TY
1.0
S8.0 I
2.0
91t.0 I
-TABLt:
TO
I
I
J ,.
MW~~~18. :~~\~~~8} __-"-._._.~
!
n,667 I
.
.
0,813,
-.---._------._--
----.-.-.--
2"~588
I
I
CHI SQ I MWGHT
I INV VAR
I
... 5~!51Ci-·- 0~063-1
0.~59 I
u
96.0
4_.
3.0
12.0 I
15.0
10.0
78.0 I
88.0
-------------------------13.0
90.0 I 103.0
{-
2.19~
... ---_ ... --.--.- ... ---.- .•.....••..... _----- .... -----.------.---- .
89.0
•
If
CHI SO
.-------.----------.------.-----.--.-------------------------.-.---
62.0
. --.--.-------- ......_- .. -
(:
951 CI
0.622,
18.909
·
.
.
------.-._----------._
.. -.-. __ ._--.--._ .. ----._------.-----------_
.. _._- ---_.-_
TARlt: 3
1.0
6.0 I
IODOS RATIOI
951 CI
r
r
~
looes RATIOI
I
3."29 I
------.-.-----------... -51.0 ,
17.0
68.0
'r
_
10005 RATIOI
I
1.950 I
_.•.._..--.._--
951 CI
0.1t68,
8.118
_..
CHI SO I
0.S67 I
.
_
MW6HT
I INV VAR I
1.165 I
1.889 I
-_.-----.-----._-_._----._-_._--.--.-------------------------.----.
· .. ------------------------- ... ------------------._.-.--------------.---_.-.-----.-----_.--------------------------.
---.OVE:RAll
9.0
33.0
I
I
I
I. MEASURE OF I
r
r
2".0
;.
27.0
2~9.0
36.0
CHI SQ
looes RATIOI
276.0
--- .. _--.------... --_._-273.0 I
...,..
309.0
...r-
I CONFOUNDING ,
S.E. I
95" CI
... -.---------_ .. _-.--_._--_.-.-.-.....
-----.-- .. ------------_.- ..,
8.196
8,760
CRuotl
"lOR I
VOR I
ISRR I
ESRR I
oSRR I
TSRR I
3.~58
3.507
3.8~2
1.~!59,
1.~9",
1.509,
8.233
9,780
3.392
3,907
6.529
3.952
8.308
I
.._.1
0,986
I
I
0.900
I 1.8321
1.019
I
I
0.885--·-1--"
I
'0.!530
I
I
._...__.'._ _.0.87'_ _'-.
.---.-._----.--------------_._-- •• -------.-------.----
---
r--
...,
I
ewe_we_e.
••••••••••OTHER MEASURES OF tFrtcT ••••••••••
ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR:
17.7711
,.-. ~- APAR:
17.630q-TPAR:
27.1868
BACK:
82.3696
I
r
r
ni
po
I INV VAR I
I
0.73~ I
.-.-.-.-.-.-.--.-.---._.-.----.- .. -.-._.-.----._ .... ---------------
37.0
.... -.- .. -.-----.-.-----36.0 I
r
r
10005 RATIO'
,
11.667'
..'==-;me
Pl:
P2 -:
XRR :
DIFF:
PHI:
YULE:=
COLE::
0.2500
. 0~0879
2.8"38
0.17 .. 6
O.16qO
0.55H
2. 50'"
I PREVENTED FR_CTIONS
" tTIOlOGIC FRACTIONS
71.0eq3
CEF=
CPF=
-21.6117
AEF= APF:
. -21.5675
70~!521~
TEF:
73.20"1
TPF=
-~5.9139
CF3:
6~,8352
CF5=
-2~5.S333
AF3:
6.. ,702~
AF5:
-290.7~0'
CF6:
-18~.3750
~r:6:
-21e...JI.:5!5~*, . .
._
>
......
......
_____ --...i..
BAS H EXP
------.-------------------_._-----_.------------.-._-----.------------_._----------------------_.-----------
TABLE: 1
RY
6.0
2.0
8.0
"9.0
35.0
8".0
----.----_._-----.-.----------.-.---------.-
-----------.. --- .. ------55.0
37.0 I
92.0
·
• __.
.
TARLE: 2
AO
.-4
9.0
.
••
2.0
••
CHI sa 1
0.8.... 1
951 CI
0."08,
11.2'+8
10DOS RATIOI
I
2.1"3 I
•
11.0
. •
• __ ---._-_..
•••-.-
•
951 CI
0."88,
11.301
10DOS RATIOI
I
2.3"8 I
,,J
------.
.,,)
-_.--
..
CHI sa I
1.1'" 1
we_we_we
MWGHT
I INV VAR I
1.065 I
1.397 1
-
••--._
- ~ - - - -
MWGHT
I INV VAR 1
1.556 I
1.219 1
0
.-.-.--- .. -_._-----.-._-.----- ... ------- .... _---------.----------.-
92.0
"8.0
1"0.0
---_._
.. _--- .. --._.-.----101.0
50.0 I 151.0
·
------.----------.-----.-.--------.----------.---... -----------------_._------_
.... -.--_.----_
..
.. --I INV VAR I
CHI sa I MWGHT
951 CX
TARLE: 3
10DOS RATIOI
0.5
6.5
7.0
0.'+57 I
2.098 I
0.008,
2.715
2.176 I
~
0.150 1
TY
.....
---.----....
-.-- ..•............• -_ .. - .. _....__..... ---- ... _- .
'+5.5
88.5
13".0
.. ---.--.- ..-.. - ... -.... --.-----.----_._--~
"6.0
95.0 ,1
.,
lU.O
·
---.-------------_.-----_._._-----.---------------_.-.-------.----------_
.. -... -.---._----CHI
.. -----_._-.--------------.--I
sa I MWGHT
I IHV VAR
951 CI
TARLE: ..
10DOS RATIOI
..0.0
29.0
11.0 I
0
,
TO
78.0 I
1.246,
2.671 I
6.675 1
5.723
4.3.... I
6.61" I
....... -------- .. _- .. __ ... ------ .... -----_._- ..... _-----_.----- .. _I
77.0
155.0
---... -.----_._---------106.0
89.0 I 195.0
.,
---.-- .. _------_ .. -.- ... -.-.- .. _--.------------------._.-.----------_._-------_.-.-._-_ .. --._--------.-------_._----.--•
0
OVERALL
65.0
I
MEASURE OF I
I CONFOUNDING 1
"4.0
21.0
263.0
2"9.0
512.0
.- .. _-------.-------_.----------.--.-----------------------------.I
I
3,"31 I
6.027 1
1.1"7,
CRUOEI
307.0
270.0 I
577.0
MOR
VOR
.-- .. -.. _------._------- ..
I
I
I
I
ISR~ I
ESRR 1
OSRR I
TSRR 1
1.98"
1,955
2.226
2.112
2.028
1,873
0.379
I
I
1
1
1
1.096,
1.199,
,---
3,"86
.. ,13"
I
1
1
I
I
I
I
.---_._._.-...
I
CHI
951 CI
,ODOS RATIOI
_~-.-----_._------
SQ
5.162 I
I
1
-- - I
I
I
...
1.015
0.891
0.939
0.978
1.059
5.238
I
1
1
I
I
I
S.E.
.,
I
0.7031
I
I
I
I
.,
..I -.--.-._---_._--.._- ---- .. _--.---
•••••*****OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT*.**••••••
=
=
Pl
P2
XRR =
DIFF=
PHI =
YULE=
COLE=
I
0.H33
0.0778
1.8427
0.0268
0,0946
0.3297
0.9550
ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
7.1073
APAR=
7.6837
TPAR~
6.5406
BACK=
92.3163
I
PREVENTED FRIlCTIONS
CPF=
.7.65 10
..8.0755
APF=
.7.9521
TPF=
CF5=
.98.3705
AF5=
·102.6,+03
CF6=
-84.2718
.87.6442
AF6=
I'
I
ETIOLOGIC FRACTIONS
49.5893
CEF=
53.7861
AEF=
.9... 2210
TEF=
CF3=
"5.7323
AF3:
"8.2694
~
,
>
f--'
f',.)
e
.
e
e
..
4
e
~
e
e
4
•
SQU H EXP
. _
'-
I
RY
!
jl
..., I
I
2.5
35.5
38.0
3.0
38.0 ,
'1.0
---.- .. -.--._.- ... --.-- .. -
:) I
2.840 I
.-
95" CI
0.105,
76. 7 05
0.35~
0.152 I
0.'17 I
...
I
----.-- ......•.• ---- -----.----.-.--.
---.------.-.-.-
...
·
------.-._------------_.-.-._-------------------.-._
..----.---.--_.--.---.----- .. ---.-.--.--_.-.-----_._._----.----.-.--CHI SQ , MW6HT
'IHV VAR ,
TARLE= 2
12.0
2.0
14.0
10DDS RATIOI
95" CI
BO
I
14.0
48.0
62.0
26.0
50.0 I
76.0
.---- .. -.. _---- .... -------
;
20.571 I
'.108,
20.226-'
103.019
-
0.3~~
,-
'1
. 1.'80 ,
.-.-.---.------.----_.-.-_.---.-.. -.---.-._.-._._ .. ----- .. -.-.-.---
---.------------.. -.-.-_._. __.. _.. ------------------.---.-.-----_.-.---.-----.--_ .. -.--.- •.. ----_ .....
- _-._--.----.-.--TABLE:- 3
CHI SQ I MWGHT
3.0
6.0
9.0
I INV VAR I
'ODDS RATIOI
-
...
__I
---.----_._._----_.------.-._-----.-------------.-.--.---.-.-.------.-.-.-----_.---.-.--._-_.-.-.---_._-----------.-.--TABLE= 1
0.5
2.5
3.0
10DDS RATIOI
CHI SQ I MWGHT
I INV VAR I
,.
Ty
1.0
88.0
.
..98.0
89.0
I
44.000 I
95" CI
3.954, 489.686
.. --_._---------- .. _ -
~
.....
-
-
21.659 I
__ .. --
0.061'
0.662 I
---
-
---
_.-._~---------.-.--_.-
4.0
......
......
.~
94.0 I
---.------------------_._
.. _-------------------------.---._--_._------.-.--_._-.---.-.- .. --_ .. -._----.-_.--..
--_ .. ---., INV VAR ,
TABLE= 14
CHI SQ I MWGHT
11.0
7.0
18.0
10DDS RATIO'
TO
10.0
78.0
17.0
89.0 I
88.0
_.-. __ .---- .. - .. - .. -.---.-
14.9614'
8.408 !
2.885 I
1.038 I
106.0
·
. ---------.---_._-.---.-._.- .. _-._---.----._---- .... -.---------.- ...
. --.----_._-.----.-----.----._-_...
OVERALL
I MEASURE
22.0
21.0
I
I
43.0
-----~----._._-.-
..----_._---.----.. _-.- --10005 RATIO.
27.0
21f'3.0
276.0
.-- .. -.-------._ .. -._--.-49.0
...
95" CI
1.566,
15.737
.---.---.------.--- .. _- .. _.-.-.-.- .... ----------.--_.---.----.----•
270.0 I
'
319.0
CRUOEI
MOR
VOR •
ISRR •
I
ESRR •
DSRR I
TSRR •
9.661
9.789
9.252
9.831
I
I
I
I
1~.398 I
17.~69 I
7.650 I
CHI SQ
95" CI
4.713.
~.799,
3.975,
19.805
19.969
21.539
OF I
I CONFOUNOING •
----.~
I
I
46.586 I
39.336 I
•I
•I
I
I
I
I
I
,
-.---_. --.. _-,
--
0.987
1.01f4
0.983
0.671
0.553
1.263
-----
,
I
I
I
I
I
S.E.
,,
---
3.9891
I
I
I
I
... -.----------.-.------- .. -----.--.- ... -._--------.---------------
......
• •••••••••0THER MEASURES OF EFFECT••••••••••
~
.....
.....
.....
Pl:
P2 =
XRR =
DIFF=
PHI =
0.41f90
0.0778
5.7726
0.3736
0.3512
YUL_E:"~_~ .. _0 .81~~_
X ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
~0.2S08
APAR=
1f0.S21f3
TPAR=
~S.2922
BACK=
59.14757
" PREVENTED FR~CTIONS
CPF=
.67.3663
APF=
-70.0229
TPF=
.120.80~7
CFS=
.866.1376
AF5= -1337.9125
CF6=
-477 .2595
" ETIOLOGIC FRACTIONS
89.6~9S
CEF=
92.1008
AEF=
TEF::
87.5506
82.6768
en=
8S.9372
AF3=
>
......
w
A14
•
BAS L E:XP
_
'_
,~~~~;·i··-··-·----;:;······O:;-~···-;:O-·-···-···--io~o;-R;~ioi··-----;;;-~i·------·i--~~j-;~--i-·~;G~T··-i·iNV-V;R~
RYO
· -.---_
- ..
lARLE:= 2
BYP
---_
').5
I
11.5 I
12.0
12.0 I
8.0
_---- .. ---_--- .....•..
-.-.-.-_.. ----_
-.- .. -.- -- ----_.IODDS RATIOI
3.0
11.0
CHI SO I
')!I" CI
0.387.
6.620
I
1.600 I
0.1+26 I
_..
__
__
-
'
---_._--.-----_._--~-~.
27.0 I
-.-TARLE:= 3
ROD
I
6.053 I
0.258. 1..2.0Cl8 I
1.52.. I
0.1')8 I'
0.386
.- ••• - ••• - ••• -- •• - •• -- •••• --- •• -- ••• ---- ••• --- •• --- •• - ••••• -.-----
21.0
0.5
1(,,5
-.-_.-.-
2.0
iO.o I
-.--_._------- -
lODDS RATIOI
I
1.727 I
-...••..... _------ .. - .. --- .. _- .. --.--_.
CHI SO I
0.108 I
')!I" CI
0.061+.
..6.770
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.2')5 I
0.353
.-.-.---.--_.-._-.-.----- .. -.---.-._ .. -----------------------.- .. -
26.0
18.0
MWGHT
I INV VAR
1.600 I
1.')05
._~~-------.---~.~~ ._ .. ----.- ...
75.0
---._-.-.--.-_.-.-._-_._- .. -.--_
1.5
.--..
---_ .. _.----.-.-.
28.0
-.----------------.-._-.-------.. _._-_ .... _.-.-._-.---._--.----------.--_._ ..... _-.----._----------------------_._-.
12.0
IODDS RATIOI
CHI SO I MWGHT
I INV VAR
TARLE:= CI
ROP
1~.0
115.0
1+2.0 I
__ ._---
-.--_._---._---------_
5
rYO
".0
26.0
.......
-_.30.0
-.HRLE= 6
_-- .. _.--_ .. -
_67.0 I
CI.O
2.0
6.0
__ .. -.--_ ...• --- .. _._
lODDS RATIOI
I
!I.OOO I
..... -_
')1.0
_-.-
97.0
__ .. --_
6.0
_-
1.75C1 I
2.196
_.. -_.---_.- .. __ .- .. _-----------_.-._----_
')!I" CI
0.863.
28.983
-
-.. _.-_
_
CHI SO I
3.821+ I
- -_
_..
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.!l36 I
1.2C1C1
-_ ----._
-
.
-_
_-- .. _-_._--------_ .. _'-- . __
CHI SO I MWGHT
I INV VAR
" " CI 3.672
0.100.
0.302 I
1.583 I
1.182
.--- .. -.. --- .. -.. _._-_ .... _-----_ .. _-.---_ .. -_ .. _-------_ .. _..... -.. ---
19.0
23.0
..2.0
.-._
.. __ .. -....
_-.- ...
_--27.0 I
1.17C1 I
-_
._--.-~
looes RATIOI
I
0.60!l I
HI'
21.0
7.70~
130.0
__ .. -.. --_. __
_
')!I" CI
0.!l1+7.
2.053 I
.-----_._------ .. _-.--------_._-.--.-.--_.---------_ ... _----------
....... -_._--_ •..•.... - ...
76.0
88.0
T~BLE=
I
Cl8.0
---- ... -------_ ... _--------_ ... __ ... -.. _.... -----_ .. --._._- .. -._--_._ .. -_ .... _.............•...... -.... - .. -.. _.- .....
T~RLE:=
7
6.0
11.0
IODDS RATIOI
I
2.292 I
17.0
TOO
•...•..... -._-.-_
_.-_"CI.O
..• ---.-55.0
... _-_.-_')').0
.....
55.0
61.0 I 116.0
....•. _---_.- -.•.•.• _
_-- _ _---_.-
,ABLE:= 8
TOP
6.0
6.0
IODOS RATIOI
I
0.697 I
29.0 I
·
-.--.-_.-.....••.•-.. -
')5" CI
0.200.
•........•.. _----_
_._
23.0
-_ 33.0
.. -_.-_ ....
_...... 56.0
-_ •..•
3').0
-
__ .- .. _-.-
_
-
12.0
CHI SO I
2.38') I
')5" CI
0.785.
6.687
---_._
--
_
MWGHT
I INV VAR
2.276 I
3.350
-.----------.----
-.-_ .. -_ •..•.•.•.•.... -.. _.. _-_._
CHI SO I
.0.322 I
2 ... 31+
-
--
-
_-- _- .•......• _-.
14WGHT
I INV VAR
2.')12 I
2.~56
68.0
_----
--
-_
-
_-_
_.-
-.-.- .. ---_
_. __ .- .. __ .. _-- .. _
- .. _
--
- - - TOP - OF - F OR M - - - - _. - v.... ERALL
70.0
I
.. 30').0
---273.0 I
512.0
- _-.582.0
.. _
CRUOE:I
MOR I
VOR I
ISRR I
E:SRR I
OSRR I
TSRR I
ME:ASURE: OF I
I
IODDs RATIO I
--
1.815
1.681
1.665
1.552
2.172
1.883
1.667
CI .. _-_.- "" _--_
1.076.
1.002.
0.968.
3.062
2.81')
2.863
-
CHI So
__
I s.E:.
_._CONFOUNDING
.. -._ _.. _.
__ ._ ..
CI.862
3.87')
1.07')
1.0')0
1.169
0.Cl60
0.83~
0.96"
1.08')
.- .... _- .. -._ ..... -... -.. __ ..... _..... -----_._---_. __ .. -.. _._--._-
••••••••••OTHER ME:ASURE:S OF E:rFE:CT ••••••••••
PI =
P2 =
XRR =
DIrr=
PHI =
yULE:=
COLE:=
0.1~89
O. 0879
1.6'3~CI
0.0629
0.0816
0.289C1
0.6811
X ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
6.6830
APAR=
5.~81e
TPAR=
5.')8C12
BACK=
,)".Cl182
X PREvE:NTE:O FRACTIONS
-7.1617
CPF=
APr=
-6.2721
TPr=
-6.88')1
-81
... 63')
CF5=
AFs=
-116.8568
-6').3366
CF6=
·')8.8210
AF6=
" ETIOLOGIC
CEF=
AE:F=
TE:F=
CF3=
AF!=
FRACTIONS
~'+.8926
37.7377
35.863')
l+0.')Cl60
35.8598
.
A15
~-----~~~-~-~~~----------------------------------------------------------.----------------------------------------fAnLE: 1
RYO
0.5 I
0.5
'ODDS RATIOI
,
7.667'
1.0
,
,51 CI
,
0.107, 550.171'
CHI SO
I
1.122 I
MWGHT
'INV VAR
0.210
_---- __ --------.----_---------_-_----_---------~-----------------
13.0
-_._-1.5..... __11.5,
._- .... --....
0.0511'
12.0 ,
·
--.--.-.---._--.. -.. _.-.-._---_ .•. _.. -
'tARLE: 2
RYP
2.0
3.0
5.0
1.0
2'1.0
25.0
3.0
27.0
30.0
-..-.-._ ...- -.-.-- .. -'ODDS RATIO'
l.
ROD
'ODDS RATIO'
,
13.0
_--
.---11.0
_---_
--._._.-------.-. .. _---.------.-
1.0
0.5
3
I
'51 CI
1.093, 2311.25'.
--.- •.•.. --CHI So
I
6.000 I
-- .. -.-.-
-
MWGHT
'INV VAR
0.100'
0.533
.---.--------- .. -.-.----- .. -_ .•... -.--------_.- .. -._-..- .... -.-.-
.....•...........•.•......
,
· .. ---- .. ----_.- .. -.-.-.-._._._
--."TARLE:
~6.000
---
-.----
2.7111'
'51 CI
0.0115, 1611.'!!0
.-.-.---.-_ .. --.-
-
-_ ........• -
--
CHI SQ
----.------------...
I
MWGHT
0.242 I
_--
I INV VAR
0.125 I
--.-
0.228
---.--.-.-.-
1'+.0
10.0 I
· ..... ---------------------------.-----_._--.-.-_._--------_._--------.
--.--... ------- .. CHI
------------_._-----_._-.. _So ,
"fABLE:
ROP
'ODDS RATIO'
6.0
II
3.5115 I
I
MWGHT
2.2110 I
'INV VAR
0.!!89 I
1.277
.----_.-----_.- ... -..... _----------------._--_.---------_._--.---
50.0
11.0
'51 CI
0.626,
20.091
-----------.-------------112.0 ,
56.0
·
..
. -.----------_._---._-_._-----------_.- .... _---.--.- .. ------------_.-_._--_ .... ---_._--.-.-._-- .. _------------------CHI SQ I
TARLE: 5
'ODDS RATIOI
'INV VAR
'.--h. ... -_.._-------.---_.CI __ .....•...•. _- .. -.....MWGHT
__ ._---- .... - ... -
3.0
2.0
1.0
lYD
32.500 I
66.0
1.0
67.0 ,
2.0
951
1.4!!2,
727.62'
10.322 ,
0.02' I
0.3'8
.6,.0
-..
.. _--_..----....- .. -_ .. _----- .. _..-. __ ..... --- .. _-._--- .. _--.-- .... -_._._ .. _.-- .. ---_ .. -._.
· __ ._-----------.------CHI Slil , MWGHT
4.5
5.0
100DS RATIOI
0.5
I INV VAR
'51 CI
I
5.222 I
0.091, 29'.0141
0.77' I
0.078'
0.2311
_.-...
-.---_
.....
-.--_
..
_....
-.-._-_._-_._..
-_
.....
----------23.5
211.0
0.5
_.--_
.......•.....
_-.-.. -
TARLE: 6
YP
e·
1,0
28.0 I
2'.0
.
----_._---.--_ .. _._----.------.. -- .. ----.__ .-_._--.-.-.------._._--------... -_._ .. --.-----_. __ ._--_ .. -----._.-.--_.
7.0
,ABLE.. 7
6.0
951 CI
'ODDS RATIO'
1.0
,
TOO
·
CHI SO
0.10',
9.4811
I
0.000 ,
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.761'
0.772
.-.-.-_ .. _- ..- .. -------_.-.--- .... -.---_ .. _-----.-_ .... -.-.--.----
64.0
9.0
1.019 I
-_._10.0.. ------_._--..
------61.0
71.0
..8.0__ ._--------_._--.----_._---_._-_951
.. _--. __ .-.-_.- .. _---.------------._---------CHI Slil , MWGHT
CI
2.0
10DDS RATIOI
'INV VAR
0.'91,
",1186
!
7.667 I
0.188.1
0.585
3.065...
-- - ---.-- .. _-.---_ -.. -.. _- •......... _--.- .
I
-.... :---
.
----_.-.-----------_._._-------~_.-
TAnLE: 8
TOP
1
32.0
-.-- ..--_...-... __ .. _-_ ...
.
_-----_.~-------._-----._-.-
...-.. _._. __ ..._- .. _-_ .. -.--_._._--_._. __ .- ...
_~_.-._--
.. _-.----
- - ••. - • - TOP - 0 F - FOR M - - - • • • • -
'.0
oVrRALL
27.0
33.0
I
I
24'.0
276.0
273.0'
30'.0
---.-----------_ .. -----._-
MEASUME OF ,
CONFOUNDING'
S.E.
--_
..- ... ---.- .... -.- .. _..... -_ ... ------_._-----.- .. _--_._ ..-.---.
CRUDE'
10DOS RATIO'
MOR
VOR
ISRR
ESRR
OSRR
TSRR
,,
I
I
I
,
,51 CI
1.1159,
1.813,
1.888,
3.'+58
,+.161
... 893
3."75
11.73'
8.518
3.0711
CHI Slil
8.1"
,.5118
12.681
7.2!!3
11.316
0.831
0.707
0.'9!!
0.730
0.1106
1.125
_._._----_._-----_._---_._-_._--.- .. -----_._----------._------- .. -
••••••••••OTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT ••••••••••
Pl· ..
P2
leRR
..
=
OlFF=
PHI •
TU\'I[-
·CO\.C-
I
0.2!!00
0.087'
2.eQ38
0.18aQ
0.1.1"
a.~!lI"
a.u,a.
2.377
ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
17.7711
APAR.
20.2826
TPAR=
30.'5'5
BACK=
7'.711q
I
PREVENTED FRACTIONS
CPF:
-21.6117
APF:
-26.11130
TPF=
-62.81Q6
CFS:
-245.8333
AF5:
-368.3128
CF6=
-l,Q.3750
AF6-25Q ••• 58
" ETIOLOGIC
CEF"
AEFIO
TEF:
CF3=
AF3=
FRACTIONS
71.0843
87.8913
61.!!686
6'+.8352
78.Q291
.... .
.:
iARLe" 1
BYD
A16
_.
~~~.~.~~~ .•.•••..••.... _.••.••.•... _
1.0
9.0
2.0'
•
11.0 I
20.0
10.0
13.0 I
23.0
~
3.0
.---._.-.--- ... -----_.-._.
·
-.------------.. ---.--.-------- .. -._._
6.0
,!\RLC= 2
I1YP
~
.
_-.----.--
-------
'
10DDS RATIOI
6.654 I
I
-
---
-.--.--.-----
---
951 CI
0.3'2. 125.652
CHI SQ I
2.015 I
- .
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.285 I
0.11"5
.---.-.-.-----_.-.-.--_._._-----.--.-.------------- .. --------.----
65.0
25.0 •
-.....•.•..•..•....•..•.. -. __ .•.•....•.....•...• _~
10DDS RATIOI
9'" CI
• CHI SQ • MWGHT
I INV VAR
I
0.611 I
0.0 .. 7.
1.882 I
0.1 .... I
0.783.
0.588
.-.-.--- •• ----_.-.-.-- ••••• -._.-.-- •• _-------.---------------.----
11.0
-.- .. -.. _-.-._- .. -.----.-._-----.-------------.--.-.---.---------_.-.-.----- .. -.---.--._--------._ .. _._--.-.----.---10DDS RATIOI
1.12' I
I
""IARLC= ..
18.0
10.0 I
28.0
----_ ---.- .. ----_._ -_ .. -.-.-
. .. _•.•.••..•. _
--.-.10DDS RATIOI
3.592 I
I
8.0
ROP
·
-
_-
__
CHI sci 'I
1.!l63 •
95" CI
0."21.
30.2'"
_--.-•.•. _-----.---MWGHT
I INV VAR
I
0.8"6
.. _-.-.-.-- ....--.- ... --._ .. ----.--.-.-------_ .. _-0.618
.. --. __ .. -------
115.0
110.0 I
MWGHT
I IHV VAR
0.511 I
0.598
.---.---.--_.----.-.------.---.-.--.------ .. -----------------.----
25.0
·
-.--
CHI SQ I
0.008 •
951 CI
0.089.
1... 202
123.0
.
----.- ... -.--.----._._-.--------.-_ .. --_._ .•. -.----.---._.--------.---.-_._-.
__ ... -.--.-.-----.------------.---------
TARLe= 5
10DDS RATIOI
0.22' I
0.5
!
.. --_._-.-._--- .. _.. 92.0
__ .- ..
---iARLC= 6
TYP
_-
_-- _._ .. _- .. _-._
0.5
1.5
_---_
2.0
25.0 I
CHI SQ I
1.183 I
".208
MWGHT
I INV VAR
,1,"87 I
0..... 7
-
-.. -.. ---_ .. __ ._--_._-_.-- .....•........ _-----_ ---10DDS RATIO I
I
0.~02 I
3.0
23.5
19.5
-_ .....
-.-- .....
-_ .. .._...
_.
20.0
"1 CI
0.012.
•.......• -_._.- ..... -...__... -.- .. -.-.--._- .. _.. _.-._---_ .. -- .. _--
TVO
:~:.:~~~_._
951 CI
0.015.
10
-
CHI SQ I
0.320'
28
~
_--.----
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.650 I
0.362
_-. __
45.0
·
.
• • - - _ • • • _ • • - - - - - - - - - • • - • • _ - - • • - . _ _ • • _ . _ - - _ • • • - • • • _ - - - - . _ - _ . _ _ • • _ • • _ - - - • • • - - • • _ • • • _ - _ • • _ • • - _ • • ~~- • • - • • • • - - - - -
TABLe" 1
TOO
11.0
8.0
10DOS RATIOI
I
2.6!l6 I
25.C
.-----. __ .--_ .. _
... O
99.0
_.-_.-.-_
.. 55.0
_---_ ......
_- ..
~
.
61.0
63.0 I
12.0
3.0
..
951 CI
1.0Il9.
6.121
--_
CHI SQ
_._
_
__
~.1I31
I
I
wee_e.
MWGHT
I IHV VAR
2.839 I
11."50
-._--_.--"._--- .. __
.
124.0
· .. _._--_ ... --_ .. -_ ..... -.... --_ ..... -.. - .... -.-. .. _.....•..........••...•..•.•••.... -._ ..... -..... -..... _-- ... -.--.-
1ARLC= 8
TOP
15.0
33.0
23.0
56.0
"5.0
26.0 I
11.0
10DOS RATIOI
•
2.188'
.-
---.-- .. _.- ......•. -.. --.~.
__
_.-._ .. _---
_-.--_._---
-.. _..---_._--._--
-
951 CI
0.101.
11.000
-
- .. _-._-.-_._
_.--
-
CHI SQ •
2.263 •
--_ .. -.. ---------_ .. -----__ .-.---._.. _-
-_ .. --
__ .-_. __ . __
MWGHT
• INV VAR
1.39...
2.039
---------
- • • • - • • TOP • 0 F - FOR M - • • • - - • •
,wrRALL
21.0
65.0
I
951 CI
10DOS RATIO'
!l12.0
.- ..... -... _- .. _....•
--- ..
307.0
210.0
571.0
CRUDel
MOR I
VOR I
ISRR I
ESRR
DSRR I
TSRR
•
MEASURE OF I
•
.-_..- --- ..-.-.. _-_ .. _-_
1.141.
1.118.
1.110.
1.98"
2.001
2.071
2.161
2.999
1.939
0.5911
3.431
3.581
3.888
---_C'HI
s.e.
_._ .. _CONFOUNDING __I .-.---
SQ
5.1"7
5!455
_-.-~
0.991
0.955
0.918
0.662
1.023
3.3"2
0.66'1
• ... -- .. _-_ ..... _-_ .. _-._.--- ... -------------_._.-._---_.------.-
••••••••••0THER MEASURes OF eFFeCT••••••••••
RIS~S
Pl =
P2 =
XRR =
DIFF=
PHI =
YULE=
COLe=
0.1433
0.0778
1.8"27
0.0362
0.0912
0.3291
1.0008
ATTRIBUTABLE
1.1013
" CPAR=
8.1085
APAR"
TPAR=
BACK=
6.8169
91.8915
I
FRllCTIONS
-7.65 10
-8.7212
-8.353"
-ge.3105
-199.3015
-8... 2118
-16'.08 .. 8
PREVENTED
CPF=
APFa
TPF=
CF~=
AF5=
CF6"
AF6"
FRACTIONS
ceF=
..9.5893
" ETIOLOGIC
AEF=
51.1282
TeF=
CF3=
AF3=
-25.0858
"!i.1323
52.1287
e
Al7
SOU H EXP
._~--.--------------_.--_.---_._
iARLE= 1
RYO
..-... ---_ .. _-------.-10005
.-.-.----_._
.. ---.-.--------.-.--_._------.... _---._.-----...
CHI SO I MWGHT
I INV VAR
')51 CI
RATIOI
0.0'+7.
,+').80,+
0.232.
11~7.'88
0.05') I
0.23~
I
0.317
2.7'+7 I
0.028 I
0.212
I
1.533 I
.- -._-- -.-----_
--------- .. _ -.-.~
---;:~-----;;:;-;---;;:;_..
.
. -.--.-.------.-.------_.- .. ---.-.--_.--.---.-_.-._-.---.-.-.-._-------.-.-.- .. -.-.-.-------- ..... ---- .. ---------.--')51 CI
CHI SO I MWGHT
I INV VAR
1000S RATIOI
0.5
2
1.0
0.5
13.0
TAnLE=
RYP
211.5
26.0
'25.0 I
27.0
!
16.333 I
.....
---.-- .. -
1.5
..--.. _.---_._.-.--.-- ...
•
2.0
--.--.--------.-_.- .. _.-.2.0
'ABLE= 3
SOO
---.--_._
1'ARLE= 5
ryo
---- ---_
__ .-
-----.----~
61.0
-_
11.0
5!5.0
611.0
63.0 I
75.0
TABLE: 8
TOP
--_
__ .---.-
-_
-
0.180 I
0.822
-._---.---.-
-
-
- .. -
CHI SQ I
".675 I
_.. _.. -._-.---
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.06' I
0.~51
-- .. -.---
_- ....•.....CHI-_ ..
- _---_
SQ I MWGHT
_
-.-.....-...--_.. -.-_. __
.~-.-
951 CI
0.510.
10.296
-._._---
I INV VAR
0.027 I
0.32£
13.082 I
_-_._
_----_.--
_.. ---
... _.-.... ----- .. _-- ... --.----.CHI SO I MWGHT
INV VAR
I
1.21') I
0.960 I
1.702
--_ ...•.......•.. _..... _-_ ........•. _...
-.. _- .. -.-_._.... _.- .. _-
-._._---.-- .. ------ .. - _.. -.. _-.-------_ .. ---_.----_ .. -_
7.0
'+.0
-
_- ..
_-_ •......... _ -.-_.-
95" CI
2.~72. 21182.536
1000S RATIOI
I
2.2')2 I
---.- .. -.... -----_ ..... -..
---.- .. -_. __ .. -
-
e.o
-_
J
1000S RATIOI
I
78.333 I
18.966 I
-_ .. -.-
951 CI
0.703, 2'+0.386
I,
13.000 I
..........
_---- .. _
-_. _
307.')9:5
--
-.. -._--._-.----_.- .... _.. -.. ---- .. -._.- .. _- .. -.. _.- .. .
9.0
- -
_.. _--_ ...•....... ---.---.---_
_
-.. -.-1000S RATIOI
_. __ ._
_
28.0
12.0
-.-.--.-
_---
MWGHT
I INV VAR
0.200 I
0.5111
.---.-.-
11.081.
35 ... 55 I
.... _3.0
-.. _.. -
50.0
11.0
'ABLE= 7
_TOO
-.-
CHI SQ I
1.875 I
-
I
I
66.0
:5.0
--
. --.-_._---_._.-._------ .....•.... _--_ .. _------------.------.-...1000S
MWGHT
I INV VAR
RATIOI
CHI so
'51 CI
--~---
.-----_ .. --._------... -..
72.0
70.0 I
_.- __ ..-.-.- -.. _-----._-_
"TABLE= 6
TYP
-_ ..
-.--
11.0
6.0
1.0
-.---._ ..--_.. _--
~.-
15.0
110.0 I
.... -.-
')51 CI
O. :5')0,
')2.282
1000S RATIOI
I
6.000 I
-...----_._-.---_.--. __ .-.... _._----- .... __ ....
10.0
-
-.. -.-.-.-.-.----- .. -.-.-----_.-.-.-.--
.... -._-_.- .... _._--.--._.
10.0 I
-
-
"1 CI
2.517. 373.563
1000S RATIO'
I.
30.667'
__ .-.-_
CHI So I
11.2.. 3 I
----_._
_-.---
MWGHT
'INV VAR
0.097 I
0.615
.. --.- ... ----- .. ---.- .. _---_._--_ ... _-----_.---- .... ------._-.---
.. _._._--_ ..211.0
-....
----_._-~
5.0
---_.
26.0 I
31.0
-.-------_ .. ----_ .. _.. -
-
_---.-
.-
- ------.--- .. _._ .. _.. _
_
_
-.. -.---.-_._
_-
MEASURE OF I
CONFOUNOING I
S.E •
- - - - - - - TOP - 0 F - FOR M - - - • • - - OVrRALL
I
I
')51 CI
1000S RATIOI
CHI So
. -_ .. ---.--_.--.-.-_ .. - .. 19.805
_---- ... ----------_ .. -----_ .. -----------
270.0 I
319.0
CRUOEI
MOR I
VOR I
ISRR I
ESRR I
OSRR I
TSRR I
'.661
').232
8.5911
8.72')
1').')35
16.11')0
5.')78
".713.
'+ .61 '30
3.563.
--_._-----_ ..
-
~._
18.1152
20.730
_.. _
112.228 I
3').568 I
I
1.0117
I
1.107
I
I
I
0.~85
1.12~
0.586
1.616
-.-. __ ._.- .. -.-.-.. _--._-----
••••••••••oTHER MEASURES OF EFFECT ••••••••••
Pl
o... ~,o
:
P2 =
XRR :
OIFF=
PHI :
YULE=
COLE=
•
0.0778
5.7726
0.31199
0.3522
0.812"
8.2316
•
I
ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
CPAR=
"0.2508
APAR=
110.3.. 53
TPAR=
,+1.3110
BACK:
5')'65117
I
PREVENTEO FRACTIO~S
CPF=
_67.:5663
APF:
.72.7936
TPF=
-119.0')011
CF5=
-866.1376
AF!5: -1887.')')38
CF6:
-1177.25'5
AF6=
-'80.30115
3.8£1
" ETIOLOGIC FRACTIONS
CEF=
89.61195
95.3616
~F=
tEF:
8".311~1
CF3::
82.6768
AF3=
8').3376