..
Papr
(t-
Arbitration. Conciliation :lrld
Disputc Rcsoltrlion S1'stcttl.
n
llcrniltc
Conciliation Act' 1996'
Thc P:rper consisls 6; Thc Arbitra tion irnd
I l(i(,: turlttlttl Otnrrcriltttrt
92
BCt C 17
ARB|TRAT!2N, coNct|-lATtoN AND ALTERNATE
DISPUTE RESOLUTIA N SYSTEM
Objectives of the course
with tfre nr':r<ialitit:s ancl trlr;hniqtlr:s
The major concern ol law is conflict resotr.rtion. Familiarization
endeavouts of rjr:vek>pirtg ':*t'lt1't"
of resolution of conflict is a nece:.t",y (:omp()rlent in the
:"
by courts hacl alrea<jy
adjuclicatiorr
through
system
delivery
traditionaljudtice
iuridical exercise. The
rr)solr.ttiorr rrr tlri: ('orrrfn(itr law
given way to a large extent t<l many an alternative mode of dispute
evt:rywhere' Tfre :;tucly ol
co.untries. The adverrt of globalisation h;rs enthused this transformerlit>n
to act as soldfE'rs of iustice in tlte everADR is highly significant in moulding tho students of law
to give the studerlts an insight into the
changing socio-economic scenario. Tfre course aims
the tr:ltliliorral iudicial sys;tent
processes of arbitration, conciliation an(l mediaticln in areas whore
.
that demancl resolution by alternative
had its sway in the past ancl in the new areas of conflicts
and international perspectives
methods. No doubt, the course has to be taught with comparative
national and international systems
with a view to bringling out the essential awareness of the
emerging at the Present context.
nit s
pf-one$qtedu+atlan
Syllabus
1.
Arbitration : trteaning, scope arrd types
1.1.
Distinctions
1.1.1.
940 law and 1996law: UNCITRAL model law
1.1.2.
Arbitration and conciliation
1.1.3.
Arbitration and expert determination
1.2.
Extent of judicial intervention
1.3.
lnternational commercial arbitration
-Lo-
u*f*as
trrw
2.
g
agreement
Essrrnti;rls
Arbitration
3.
Kinds
2.3.
Who can enter inlo arbitration agreemont
2.4.
Valitjity
2.5.
2.6.
Reference to arbitration
Interim measures by court
Arbitration
3.1
.
'-
.
2.2.
2.1
.
Tribunol
uef,s>tOr
Appointmont
3.2.
Challenge
3.3.
.Juris;r.lictiorr
3.3.1.
Power".;
3.3.2.
Gror.lrrr:ls of challen6ye
i.4,
ProcecJurei
3.5.
Court assistance
of arbitral tribunal
:-
4. Award
*nnit=j0
.
4.2.
Ruk:s of lluidance
4.3.
Correction and interpretation
4.4.
Grounds of setting aside an award
.
4.4.2.
Can misconduct be a ground?
4.1
4.4.1
?
rea€
Forrn ;rnd content
Incapacity clf a party, invaridity of arbirration agreemenl
,1.4.3.
Want of proper notrce and hearing
4.4.4.
Beyond the scopo of reference
_zt_
,-
-;
4.4.5.
5.
6.
'7
4.4.0.
Breach of conficliality
4.4.7.
tmpartiality of the arbitrator
4.4.8.
Bar of limitation, res judical:r
4.4.9.
Consent of parties
4.5.
Enforcernenl
ll(.iC Mulo! Ounalunt
Appeatand revislon
-.Hftjt=f
Enforcement of foreign awards
6.l.
New york convention awarcfs
6.2.
Geneva convenlion awards
ttAit#-
Conciliation
7.1.
7.2.
units{6-
Distinctionbetween,,Conciliation,,,,,negotiation,,,
"mediation", and,,arbitration,
Appointment
7.3.
7.4.
-s.
Contravontion of composition
and procedure
Statements to conciliator
Interaction between conciliator
and parties
7.4.1.
.Communication
7.4.2.
Duty of tha parties to co_operate
7.4.3.
Suggestions by parties
7.4.4.
Confidentiatity
7.5.
Resort to judicial proceedings;
7.6.
Costs
Rule -maklng powcr
8.1
High Cou.rl
8.2.
Central Governmenl
uniG'.5
-2:L-
L;?
9.
rv
*
Legal Services Authorities Act
: Scope
-qiFF
Select Bibliography
B'P Saraf
ancJ
M'Jlrtrnjhunuwala , Law ol Arbitration
and conciliation(2ooo), snow white, Mumbai
Geiralcl R'williame (r:cl'),
The
New
Arbitratio,
and
Arbitrarion (1999), New Dethi
A'K'l]ittrsal'
Lttw ol lntern.ttional
P'c'Rao & william
Universal, Delhi
Stref field,
conciliation
Law
of lndia,lndian council of
cornmercial erbitrat:iott(1ggg) Universal,
,
Dethi
Alternative Disputes Resorution- what
it is ancr How it works? (1sszy
G'K'Kwatra
,
Qasu'N'D'
Law of Arbitration and concitiatron
(9th edition reprint 2000),
Universal, Delhi
The
Arbitration and conciriation Law
of rndia(2ooo), universar, Derhi
Johari' commantary on Arlsitration
and concitiation Act lgg6(1ggg)
Universal, Delhi
Markanda'P'c' Law relatiott to Arbitration
and concitiation(1ggg) Universal,
Delhi
I Larv of Arbirr.atiorr and Conciliatiort, 1996_
Dr Avtar Singh (C L.A )
."-'
2
rtrt.q{elin
Vei gr-t< srft)f.tqrt, rgso
_27_
!
Paper 7-€nvironnrcntal Laut
;,|;,|ii:?:ibTi."X,?'F,ilJ;I#''"""0'€"fi
"rpJf Act, l98l and Environment protection Act,iii':l
96
Pollution)
19g6.
BCI C 18 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
4!
(JGC Mottel Currrcrilurn
?
Objectives of the course
The Environmental law programme, in contrast
to other law curricura, has corrarn characteristic;:;
wlich make it unique and is one of the best instruments for breaking
the ice of coloniat tegal
education' lts uniquentlss lies in the fact that the problems it raises
do not relarre merety to spe.ifir;
ttidividuals but about srrch mailers as nationaldevelopmenl,
incjustrial policy, policics c;oncerning
natural resources, injus;lice to communities, inter g;enerational
equity and pr€,vcnlron of polltrtiorr
All these issues relate to problematic about conslruction
of a just, humaner ancJ healrhy society.
secondly, environmental taw necessarily demands an inter-disciplinary
approach. Thircjlv,
uniqueness of the subject is borne out by the new
epistemological ouilook which ecology-related
knowledge has brought about in recent tirnes. The
development of ecological knowledge has
necessitated an overallchange not only in managerialstudies
but also in socio:tegal explorations.
This approach to the growing dimensions of environmental
law ls essential.
:
Bry9D+s-jvithjbqfbgve^@en{9ped persgg[ygqgpmpriQgDofdoul84 utubqfone -houp.durdtan
1.
Concept of environment and pollution
''
1.t. Environment
1.1.1. Meaningandcontents
1.2. Pollution
1.2.1
2.
.
Wt's"4
lt
Meariing
1.2.2.
Kinds of lrcllution
1.2.3.
Effects ot pollution
Legal control: historical perspectives
qft[Ad
2.1.
lndian tradition : dharma of environment
2.2.
British Rirj - industrial development and exploitation of narure
2.2.1.
Nuisance: penalcode and procedural codes
_zr4_
3F
3.
2.3.
Free Inclia - continuance of British influertce
2.3.1.
Old laws atrd new rntorpretatlons
ur#=fs
Constitutional PersPectives
3.1.
approach
constrtution making - development and property oriented
3.2.
Directive PrinciPles
3.2.1.
fundamental duties'
Status, rote and rnterrelationship with fundamental rights and
3
3.
Fr.tn<Jamental DutY
3 3.1
colll(-\l\l:j
'-).3.2.
litdrct;,tl ;lPProach
3.4.
Fundantental Rights
3.4.'1.
Rights to clean and healthy environmenl
3.4.2.
Right to r.'durcation
3.4.3.
Right to information
3.4.4,
Envinlnmeni v. Development
3.5.
Enforcing agencies and remedies
3.5.1.
Courts
3
5.2.
35
3
3.
6
Tribunal
Corr:slittrtional, :;t;ttutory and judicial remedtes
Enrcrging PrinciPles
3.6.1.
Polluter pays: public liability insurance
3.6.2.
PrecautionaryPrinciPle
3.6.3.
Public trrrst doctrine
3.6.4
Sustarnable develoPntent
_
25-
,g
A
.:
UGC Moclel Cuniculurn
Water and Air polluilon
4.',t.
Meaning and standards
4.2.
Culprits and victims
4.3.
Offences and penalties
4.4.
Judicial approach
Uailr4-
vAw
Noise Pollulion
.
5.6.
5.1
(1.
7.
Legal control
court's of balancing : permissible and impermissibte noise
Environment Protection
uniffi
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
Emerginllprotectionthrougtrdelegatedlegislation
6.3.1.
Hazardouswaste,
6.3.2.
Bio-medicalwaste
6.3.3.
Genetic ongineering
6.3.4.
Disasteremergency preparecJness
6.3.5.
Environmentimpactassessnrent.
6.3.6.
Coastalzonemanagement
6.3.7.
Environmental audit and eco mark
6.4.
Judiciary : complex problems in administration of environmentaljustice
Protectiort agencies: power and functions
Protectiorr : means and sanctions
uM-
Town and country planning
7.1.
7.3.
Law : enforcement and constrain
Planning - management policies
-16'
@
LAw
8.
€9,Forest and greenery
8.1.
3.1 '1.
,
8.1.2.
8.1
.3.
unit=J0
Greerrr-.ry conservation laws
Forr:st consr:rvalion
Conservation agencies
Prior approval and non-forest purpose
8.1.4.
Symbiotic relationship and tribal preple,z"
8.1.5.
Denuctation of forest : judicial approach
8.2.
Wild tife
8.2.1.
Sanctuaries and national parks.
8.2.2.
Licensing of zoos and parks
8.2.3'
Slate ntonopoly in ihe sale of wild life ancl wild life articles
8.2.4.
Offencr:s against wild
life.
:
9. Bio-diversity
1
Legal control
9'2 Controlof eco'unfriendly experimentatiorion
10.
animals, plants, seeds and micro organism.
lnternational regirne
10.1
:'
unffiFf
.
snitrdS
Stockholm conference
10.2.
Green house effect and ozone depletion
10.3.
Rio conference
. Bio-diversity
10.5. U.N. dr:claration on right to development.
l0 6
Wetlnnos
10.4
!
?T-o.
-za-
o
r
UGC Model Curriculum
100
Select bibllography
:
Aarmin Rosencranz, et al., (eds.,), EnvironmentalLaw and Poticy in tndia, (2000), Oxford
-:- ,
'
R.B.Singh & Surer;h Misra, Environntental Law in lndia (1996), Concept Publishing Co., New
Delhi.
Kailash Thakur, Environmental Protection Law and Policy in lndia (1997), Deep & Deep publications,
;
New Delhi.
Richard L.Riversz, et.al. (eds.) Environmental Law, the Economy and Sustainable Development
(2000), Cambridge.
Christopher D.Stone, ShoutdTrees Have Standing and otherEssays
on
Law; Morals and the
Environment (1 996), Oceana
!-eelakrishnan, P et. al. (eds.), Law and Environmenf (1990), Eastern, Lucknow
.
Leelakrishnan,
P,
The Environmental Law in lndia (1999), Butterwodhs-lndia
Recommending Legistative Measures and Administrative Machinery for Ensuring Environmental
-
Protection (1980) (Tiwari Committee Report).
lndian Journal of Public Administration, Spec
'
ia!
Number on Environment and Administration, July-
September 1988, Vol. XXXV, No.3, pp.353-801
Centre for Science nnd Environment, The State of tndia's Environment 1982, The State of lrtctia's
Environment 1984-85 and The Stafe of lndian Environment 1999-2000.
World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future (1987), Oxford.
-
'l Environment Law in India-Nagendra Singh,
2 Environnrent Larv-Dr. I. A. Khan (C. L. A.)
3 Environmetrt I-aw in India-R. B. Singh
q qqlaror fafu-ei- q q. 3{It gqttql'I
-s qqisrq c(qrr'-r'n. nc. ftr'J
6 cqis<or FrF.r- (nr. qz. ft.)-q. i. gt
a
-:8 -
Popcr 8- Interprctatioil of .ttolules.
Tho papir consists of Intcrpretation of Statutes .
Topics prcscribed :
106
t)GC Mctdot cunicutum
BCt C
20 INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES
-:"
General principlcs of Intcrprctation, Litcral Interprctl' tion, IntcrnafAids Extcrnal Aicls, Goldcn Rulc. ]vlrscLi'Rule, Intcrpretation of Pcnal I..arvs, Interpre'.ation t :
Taxing
statutcs. Interpretatious of Constitution, Mandat<lt
Objectives of the course
or Diiectory Provisions, Re strospcctivc opcration of Stalu
Rcpcal of Statutcs.
Legislation is the major source of law of the n'lodern era. Legislatures enacl laws after
i
much
deliberation. No doubt in this process they have to take into account the present and future needs
ofthepeop|e.Whatarethematterstobereckonedwithby|egis|atureWhi|eenacting|aws?With
the emergence of legislation, interpretation of statutes became a method by which judiciary explores
the intention behind the statutes. Judicial interpretation involves construction of words, phrases
and expressions. In their attempt to make the old and existing statutes contextually relevant,
courts used to develop certain rules, doctrines and principles of interpretation. Judiciary plays
highly creative role in this respect. What are the techniques adopted by courts in construing statutes?
How lar are they successful in their strategy?
Wiln tne'aOove probl-ems.aRd-pefpbaives.inyie,ry.this paper,comprises otabaaff'onits.of'pne
hour..duralBn.
Syllabus
1.
Principles of Legislation
gpilsa+
1.1.
1.2.
Law-making - the legislature, executive and the judiciary
1.3.
Relevance of John Rawls and Robert Nozick - individual irrterest to community
Principle of utility
interest
2.
1.4.
Operation of these principles upon legislation
1.5.
Distinction between morals and legislation
Interpretation of Statutes
uoits-8
2.1. Meaning of the term 'statutes'
a
2.2. Commencement, operation and repeal of statutes
2.3. Purpose of interpretation of statutes.
h'-$ii
.
'''
..,
a';
- .!:-: '.:'
a
-
rlr
.^ Law
"
3.
3.1.
3
I
'
1.1.
Title
3,1.2.
Preitnrble
3.1.3.
HeacJrrrgs ahd marginal notes.
3.1.4.
Sections and sub-sections
.5.
3.1 .6.
Punctttation marks.
3.1.7.
Sche<lulcs
3.1
.8.
lllustrations, exceptions, provisos and saving clauses
Non-obstante clause.
3.2.
External aids
3.2.1.
Dictionaries
'.
3.2.2.
Translations
_
3.2.3.
Travaux PreParatiore:;
3.2.4.
St;rtutes in Pari materia
3.2.5.
g.2.6.
ContemPoranea ExPosito
4.
Debates, inquiry commission reports and Law commission reports
Rules of Statutory Interpretation
4.1
4.1.1.
PrimrrrY Rules
4i.2.
Goldtln rule
4.1.3.
Miscfrief rule (rule in the Heydon's case)
4.1.,1.
Rtlle of harmclnious construction
a--
,l 2
lllr:t:crrlrlztry Rtrlcs
.
4.2.1.
Nr-rscitur a sociis
'
''
.-
.!
Internal aids
3.1
.
@*
Aids to Interpretation
Literal rule
lo-
108
U6C lvlodol Curriculunt
. 4.2.2. Ejusdem generis
4.2.3.
5.
Presumptions In statutory interpretation
5.1.
5.2.
5.3..
5.4.
5.5.
. 5'6'
5.7.
6.
Statuterl; are territorial in olleration
presunrption as to jurisdiction
Presumption against what is inconvenient
or absurd
Presunrptionagainstintendinginjustice
Presumption against impairing obligations
or permitting advantage from one,s own
wrong
prospective operation
of statutes
-tlnitsJS-
Delegatus non potest delegare
.
.
7.1 .2.
7.'1.1
7.1.9.
I
Expressio unius exclusio atterius
Generalia specialibus non derogant
In pari clelicto potior.est conditio possidentis
Ulres valet potior quam pareat
Expressum facit cessare tacitum
ln bon:rm partem
Interpretation with reference to the subject
matter and purpose
7.1
t*qi{€di
Siatuters are vatid
Maxlms of Statutory Interpretation
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
7.
Reddendo singula singutis
unilsj€-
Restrictive and beneficial construction
Taxing statutes
9
penal statutes
Welfarelegislation
I
-)l-
-4q
L;llv
J
7.2.
Interpretation of substantive and adjunctival statutes
73.
Intergrrertatiort
ti-
ol tJiroctory and mandatory provisions
-J
7
:
B.
.4.
lnterpretation ol enabling statutes
7.5.
lnterprelation of codilying and consolidating statutes
7.6.
lnterpretation of stalules conferring rights
7.7.
Interpretation of statutes conferring powers'
u€f
Principles of Constitutional Interpretation
8.1.
Harmonious construction
8.2.
Doctrine of Pith and substance
8.3.
Colourable legislation
8.4.
Ancillary powers
8.5.
"Occupied field"
8.6.
Residuary Power
8.7.
Doctrine of rePugnancY
,
Select bibliograPhY
Edition) 1999, Wadhwa' Nagpur'
G.P.Singh, Princiltles ctf statutory lnterpretation, (7lh
Bombay
p. st. Langan (Ed.). Maxwetton The lnterpretation of statutes (1976) N'M'Tripathi'
K.Shanmukham, N.S.Bindras,s lnterpretation
of Statutee
(1997) The Law Book Co' Allahabad:'''
V.Sarathi'lnterpretationofStatutes,(1984)Eastern,Lucknow
& Co'
M.P.Jain, Constitutional Law of tndia, (1994) Wadhwa
M.P.Singh,(Ed')V.N.Suk|a.sConstitutionoflndia,(1994)Eastern,Lucknow.
a
<
Equatityand Freedom (1978) Eastern'
u.Baxi, lnrr.duction to Justice K.K.Mathew's, Democracy
I Interpretation of Statutes-Maxwell'
Lucknow i c.n.rol clauses Act and Intcrpretation of StatutesN. S. Bindra'
3 Intcrprctation of Statutcs-G' P' Singh
a
5
o
fa'iqa- aralu-q *u-ft
srEFqdt dl aqtcqt-qn {t- zc<<
l;r1ai +r fqiiqa-<i' ugr<rf |
<;r1aT +.r
'-
5
^-
a-
ruPur
L€EAr LallguaB,qL!J:ll lttctuUtrrg,
General Enslish.
The paper consists of Essaye-in English Language on
Lcgat terrns fr6m engtiih tJ UiiJi-and
f',*l.i:,9-'"':.'
I
The
folloling topics are prescribed
in English Langtagg on a
Legal eubjcci'
2 Translation from Hindi to English
3 Trarrslation from Englisb to Hindi
Hindi meaning of Lelar worjs
command otianguale is an essentiar
qu:rrity or a tawyJr
nor onry preadings
also arguments before a court
",
of law. Effic;iency of advocacyc]epends upon communication sl<i,
to
a substantial extent' No doubt,
he should be conversant with
the legal terminology. pricision,
clarity and cogence are governing
principles of legalwriting
and dialogue. A student of law
should
get an opportunity to be familiar
with the writings of eminent jurists
of the past. This exposition wirl
stand him in good stead in understanding
the intricate probloms of raw and
wi1 equip him vyith
the
' "' ' ' vv
Jaculty of articulation and sound
Esssvs
'
4
rrnr
lo.r L,ssays
I Essential of a valid Contract.
2 Mastcr's Liability under Larv of Torts.
3 Stliorrt Fccturcs of ihc ln<lian Consritution.
4 E,ntcrgcncy Provisiorrs In tlrc Inclian Constitutiofrlr,
5 Distributiorr .f r-cgisltrivc l)owcrs.
+< .
6 Marringe U'<lcr llindu l-rw.
'-:
n 'r^,.l Ir--...^.^ ^:;---
I 3F*:j:J,il::??:1i.,,r.
r;;;,i-J";io"
;
bur
:
'
writing.
T'1p'pape'v'altlar,theaboveBerspeetilrers+ryot
be4:sDits€{.snrhsrrdo
rmffwt.
Syllabus
1.
Introduction to Legat Language
I .1
.
2.
Characteristics of Legat Lnnguago
1.2.
History of Legat Language
1.3.
Legal Language in
1'4'
unihhJ-O :
t,
In<Jia
English as a medium of communication
for legal transactio' in India
Introduction to oral communicailon
sillls
2'1'
2.2.
I
:
-urlit&6
Passive and active listenting - questioning
- non-verbal communication
Listening comprehension
2'3'
3.
Passivs and active listening - questioning
- non-verbal communication
Vocabulary
3.1.
3'2'
ugib<€=
Consulting a dictionary
_
consulting a thesausus
I
synonyms and antonyms - rerated
words - regurar vocaburary exercisG
t
.-,,.,+;*n$a+raa*#n*.{l#
-q-)
l.
trr
+P
l.?rv
unf,r8
Phonetics theorY and Practice
i
T.
4.1.
The Phonetic scriPt
4.2.Consu|tingadictionary|orpronunciation.exercisewithaudioaids
4.J.
with
intonation suitable for Indian speaker
Reading exercises - stress, accent and
of expression
emphasis on clarity oi speecn ancl felicity
4.3.1
and practice
Reacling comprehension of principles
t||ilE'fe
Legal terminologY
5.
5.1.
Terms used.in civil law and criminal law
5.2.
Latin words and expressions law registor
Writing
Fundamental prlnciptes of Legal
6.
6.1.Conscision.c|arity-cogency.simplicityofstructure
6.2.Attentionandawarenessofpractica||ega|importofsentences
t
\
_t
I
6.3.
6.4.
. 6.5.
reports
Brief writing and drafting of law
Writing of case comments
interest
Essay writing on toplcs of legal
7,.
Generalluristic writinge
g.
ProfiCiency In regiOnal
in
trai€-te
English
language
unnc-e*
r
in'the-'
^^-a,,ni^2rionin'tti€
writing and communication
anarysis,
understanding,.
acquire sk'rs of
Necessarily'
( Every student shourd
with the potentialclientele'
interaction
the
in
practice in
wrrich he has to use
to a successful
regionar ranguage
measure
contribute in a substantiar
the ranguage wi*
lor this purpose)
in
pro{iciency
the
to evolve 20 units
disc:retion
the
given
bodies are
iaw. The universrry :rcadenric
Selected bibtiograPhY
^Abbet
1.
Parry' Seven
Lerrnps of Advocacy
- iivlogha's' ConveYanctng
\
v
-a
a
i
L.
a
UGC Model Curricttlwn
Mogha's, Forms and procedents
J
-,"J,
Mogha's, pleadings
I
\
Law and Langugge
Bhatnagar, R.p. & R.Bharg ava, Law
and Langua,ge, New Derhi: Macmiran,
Brown, Gordon w.Legat 'ferminorogy,
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