Matakuliah : V0162 - Pengantar Industri Hospitality dan
Pariwisata
Tahun
: 2008
Social and Cultural Aspects of Tourism
(Aspek Sosial dan Kultural Pariwisata)
Week 11
Subject
• Social and cultural impacts (Dampak-dampak sosial
dan kultural pariwisata)
• Effects on social behavior and values (Dampak
terhadap perilaku dan nilai-nilai sosial)
• Effects on local culture (Dampak terhadap budaya lokal)
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Tourism Components and Supply
Week 11
Objectives:
On completion of this lesson, the students will be able to:
• explain the effect of travel on individual travelers
• explain the social and cultural impacts of tourism for the
local community in the host country and the influence of
tourism on the social behavior, values and culture in the
host society
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Introduction
Week 11
• Social relationship, created by travel
between visitors and the community visited
differ greatly from the social relationship
among the indigenous population
• There are prescribed methods of managing
tourist-host relationships which are very
important for creating significant advantages
for the visitors and the host country
• The development of, or an increase in
tourism have great social and cultural impact
on the society in the host country as well as
individual travelers and society of the original
country
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effect of Travel on Individual Travellers
Week 11
• Travel experiences have a profound
affect on the traveler, because travel
experiences are often among the most
outstanding memories in the travelers’
life
• Travelers face various problems:
– Strange location
– Unfamiliar environment (geographically,
personally, socially and culturally)
– Situations that are different from those at
home
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effect of Travel on Individual Travellers
Week 11
• They have to manage intensely
– The resources of money and time
– Social interactions and social relations to
obtain sustenance, shelter and other needs
• They have to decide the degree of
contact they would like to build with the
new cultures: deep immersion in local
way of life (life-seeing tourism) or simply
to see the high points of the location
visited.
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effect of Travel on Individual Travellers
Week 11
• The excitement of preparation and actual
travel experiences with some degree of
adventure and memorable occasions of the
traveler’s life
• All these bring about an increased
appreciation of the quality of life in society
that the traveler visits
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effect of Travel on Society in the
Generating Country
Week 11
• Travel has a significant influence on the
community of the travelers’ country of origin. It
increases national understanding and
appreciation the other people
• Government of progressive nations encourage
their citizens to travel, especially domestic
travel, as a means of acquainting them with
other countries and/or other parts of their
countries and building appreciation for the
homeland
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effect of Travel on the Host Country
Week 11
• When tourist enter the host country, they do
not just make purchase. They also influence
the local communities: they bring about social,
cultural and structural change
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Social Behaviour and Values
Week 11
• When tourists enter a country, they bring money
and cause amenities to be set up for their use.
But, they also bring a different type of behavior
which can modify local social habits by upsetting
the long-established norms of the host population
• Tourism creates social events which may lead to
structural changes in the society: accept the
effects of overcrowding, modify their way of life
(work longer, increase in seasonal work, etc) and
live in close contact with a different type of
population which may lead to social tension and
xenophobia
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Social Behaviour and Values
Week 11
• Interaction of divergent groups of people leads to
change of social values and local attitudes. There is a
decline in moral and religious values, resulting in
increased criminal activities
• The excesses of tourism may have very damaging
consequences:
– The transformation of traditional hospitality into
commercial practices which results in economic super
ceding personal relationship
– The appearance of consumerist behavior, relaxation of
morals, begging, prostitution, drug-taking, loss of dignity
and frustration in failing to satisfy new needs (inspired by
visitors’ high material standard and values)
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Social Behaviour and Values
Week 11
To avoid conflict
• The coexistence between the visitors and the
host population is not always easy and
sometimes can lead to social tension and
xenophobia
• However, tourism is essentially a human
activity, therefore conflicts between visitors
and the host community should be avoided.
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Social Behaviour and Values
Week 11
• Human relations should be developed. The
behavioral patterns of the visitors must be
acceptable or tolerable to the host community
• Local population should be recognized as part of
cultural heritage; they merit protection as much
as other aspects of the tourist destination
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Social Behaviour and Values
Week 11
Parameters of Tourism Acceptance
• The acceptance of tourism by the community is
subject to numerous qualitative parameters:
– The socio-professional structure of the local
population
– The level of education
– The knowledge of tourism
– The standard of living
– The strength of culture and institutions (=customs,
established social systems)
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Culture
Week 11
The Disadvantages
• Tourism may generate social costs
Example: the threat to traditional customs
specific to each country/ region
• On the contrary, tourism may encourage
the maintenance of certain original
traditions to attract holiday makers
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Culture
Week 11
• The commercialization of traditional
cultural events leads to the conflict
between the economic interest and the
cultural significance
• It brings about the creation of pseudoculture, ersatz folklore for tourists without
any cultural value to tourists and the local
people
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Culture
Week 11
The Advantages
• Well-organized tourism, which is
designed to respect the physical
and human environment, can favor
contacts between holidaymakers
and the local population
• Tourism will encourage cultural
exchange
• It will lead to friendly and
responsible enjoyment
• It will strengthen links between
countries
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Culture
Week 11
Other Advantages include:
• Tourism constitute a method of developing and
promoting poor and non-industrialized regions,
where traditional activities are on the decline
– Example:
– Tourism replaces sugar cone cultivation in many
Caribbean countries
– Tourism slows the drift to urban environments
– Tourism conserve tradition and lifestyles
– The income and employment opportunities
arising from tourism provide stability to
community life
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
Effects on Culture
Week 11
Other Advantages include: (cont.)
• Tourism can ensure the long term
conservation of areas of outstanding natural
beauty
• Tourism may renew local architectural
traditions
• Tourism contributes to the rebirth of local arts
and crafts and traditional cultural activities
• Tourism may offer a way to revive the social
and cultural life of the local population, thus
reinforcing the community
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808
THANK YOU AND
HAVE A GOOD DAY
Bina Nusantara
HO@0808