Matakuliah
: V0152 / Hygiene, Keamanan &
Keselamatan
Tahun
: 2009
BEKERJA BERWAWASAN K3 DI INDUSTRI
PERHOTELAN
Pertemuan 3
Departemen – Departemen di Hotel
Bina Nusantara
HS/08/YULIANA
Era Keselamatan Kerja :
-Era Inspection
-Era Unsafe Act
-Era Industrial Hygiene
-Era Safety Mgt
-Era Regulation
-Era Accountability
-Era Human Factors
-Era Safety Mgt Sys.
1911
1930
1949
1950
1970
1980
1990
2000
Penyabab kecelakaan : Domino Effect - Heinrich
Bina Nusantara
HS/08/YULIANA
How to Work Safe??
CARA KERJA AMAN :
1. Kenali penyebab kecelakaan/Hazards
2. Ketahui & Ikuti :
- Standar/persyaratan kerja
- Peraturan/legal K3
- Ikuti prosedur kerja
3. Hilangkan/kurangi terjadinya error
4. Hilangkan (energy/sumber penyebab
kecelakaan)
5. Hilangkan/kurangi “UNSAFE ACT”
( 80% ) & “UNSAFE CONDITION”
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6. Memperbaiki Sistem Manajemen Kerja
Operasional Hotel
7. Meningkatkan Kerjasama
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HUMAN ERROR
RASMUSSEN (1982)
“generic psychologycal classification of human error”
- Skilled-based errors (tahu, mampu, tapi unsafe act karena sudah terpola,
ketidaksesuaian keterampilan dengan job design/env – khususnya untuk
pekerjaan rutin)
- Rule – based errors (correct but not the best practice, unprocedural – khususnya
untuk baru atau tidak rutin)
- Knowledge – based errors (can not analyze/decide because lack of knowledge)
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BASIC CAUSE
PERSONAL FACTORS
JOB FACTORS
- Inadequate capability
- Lack of knowledge
- Lack of skill
- Stress
- Improver motivation
- Inadequate supervision
- Inadequate engineering
- Inadequate purchasing
- Inadequate maintenance
- Inadequate tools work standard
- Indaquate abuse or misuse
Bina Nusantara
HS/08/YULIANA
Mampu bertindak dalam keadaan darurat sesuai dengan prosedur.
Keadaan darurat mencakup :
- Bomb threats
- Mentally unstable customer
- Accidents
- Robbery
- Fire
- Armed hold-up
- Physical event eg. Food, earthquake
- Medical problem
Contoh tindakan thdp keadaan darurat :
Bomb threats
- Ask questions eg. Who are you, where is it, when will it go off,
what type is it
- Write down as much as detail as possible
- Call a supervisor/manager
- Follow management’s instructions and evacuate
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HS/08/YULIANA
Fire
- Report the fire – location, size, type
- Listen for instructions
- Warn others and leave the area
- Don’t return until instructed to
Medical
- Inform your Supervisor/Manager
- If necessary, call for an ambulance
- If possible obtain as many details as possible from the patient-how it
happenend, are they in pain, are they on medication, etc.
Accidents
- Always use appropriate equipment and clothing
- Use correct storage techniques
- Don’t use faulty equipment
- Make sure lighting is eduquate
- Report machine faults
Bina Nusantara
HS/08/YULIANA
PENDEKATAN PENCEGAHAN KECELAKAAN/INSIDEN
Pendekatan Heinrich – Domino Effect :
Minimize / Reduce / Control :
- Unsafe act
- Unsafe condition
Pendakatan “Human Error” – Rasmussen :
Minimize / Reduce / Control :
- Skilled – based errors
- Rule – based errors
- Knowledge – based errors
Pendekatan “process approach”, Improve Safety Management System :
- Input control
- Process control
- Output control
- Feedback control
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HS/08/YULIANA
CONTOH PENYEBAB KECELAKAAN
- Ketergesaan
- Penggunaan sumber dan alat panas
- Penggunaan mesin – mesin
- Ketidaktahuan cara yang banar untuk melakukan sesuatu
- Dengan sengaja atau tidak sengaja melakukan hal dengan cara yang
salah
- Ceroboh
CONTOH JENIS KECELAKAAN
- Terpotong
- Terbakar
- Jatuh
- Terkilir
- Keracunan
AKIBAT KECELAKAAN
- Menyakitkan : fisik (sementara/selamanya) / jiwa
- Menelan biaya : biaya tidak terencana / tak diharapkan
- Rendahnya moral : kesejahteraan terganggu
- Merusak reputasi
Bina Nusantara
HS/08/YULIANA