Harvard Science
Referencing
The Harvard referencing style is an author-date style. When quoting directly or indirectly from a source, the source must
be acknowledged in the text by the author‘s name and year of publication.
Direct quotation
According to Sharpe and Rosell (2003), the dominant behaviours of the beavers were ―travelling, foraging and being in
the lodge‖ (p.1063).
Indirect quotation
Soils across the Iron Cove catchment area are enriched by these minerals (Snowdon & Birch 2004).
Citations from a secondary source
Wheatley (cited in Sharpe & Rosell 2003, p.1065) stated that males may travel outside their territorial boundaries.
At the end of your assignment, you are required to provide the full bibliographic information for each source.
References must be listed in alphabetical order. Each reference should include four elements:
(1) Author/Editor, (2) Date, (3) Title, and (4) Publication Information
Coates, G. 2002, The rise and fall of the Southern Alps, Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, N.Z.
(1) Author (2) Date
(3) Title
(4) Publication Information
Examples of references by type
In a reference list
In text citation
1. Book with one author
Coates, G. 2002, The rise and fall of the Southern Alps, Canterbury University Press,
(Coates 2002)
Christchurch, N.Z.
2. Book with two or more authors
Ruhen, O. & Shadbolt, M. 1971, Isles of the South Pacific, National Geographic
(Ruhen & Shadbolt 1971)
Society, Washington.
3. Book by a corporate author
Waikato Regional Council 1993, Clean water: Waikato River and Lake Taupo,
Waikato Regional Council, Hamilton.
(Waikato Regional Council
1993)
4. Book – edited
Soons, J. M. & Selby, M. J. (eds) 1992, Landforms of New Zealand, Longman Paul,
(Soons & Selby 1992)
Auckland, N.Z.
5. Book chapter or article in edited book
Jeanne, R. L. 1991, ‗Polyethism‘, in K. G. Ross & R. W. Matthews (eds), The social
(Jeanne 1991)
biology of wasps, Cornell University Press, New York, pp. 389-425.
6. CD-Rom
International Antarctic Centre 1995, Antarctica [CD-ROM], Cardinal Professional
Services, Christchurch, N.Z.
(International Antarctic
Centre 1995)
7. Conference paper
Trump, A. 1986, ‗Power play‘, Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference,
(Trump 1986)
International Society of Power Engineers, Houston Texas, pp. 40-51.
8. Course handout/printed lecture notes
Scooby, B. 2001, Discovering our planet [Course notes], ERTH105 World we live in,
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, N.Z.
(Scooby 2001)
9. Encyclopædia – entry in
Maguire, D. W. 1999, ‗Earth‘s mantle‘, in R. Smith (ed.), Encyclopedia of geology,
(Maguire 1999)
Fitzroy Dearborn, Chicago, pp. 133-137.
10. Film (Video/DVD)
Payback 2000, video recording, Warner Home Video, Hollywood, California.
(Payback 2000)
11. Journal article - academic/scholarly (print version)
Winter, J. G. & Duthie, H. C. 2000, ‗Stream biomonitoring at an agricultural test site
using benthic algae‘, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol. 78, no. 10, pp. 1319-1325.
(Winter & Duthie 2000)
12. Journal article – academic/scholarly (subscription database – PDF version)
Cornelio, A. 2003,‘Promoting information literacy through information architecture‘,
Library Media Connection, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 24-26, (online EBSCO database).
(Cornelio 2003)
13. Journal article - academic/scholarly (subscription database – HTML fulltext version)
Cornelio, A. 2003,‘Promoting information literacy through information architecture‘,
Library Media Connection, vol. 21, no. 6, (online EBSCO database).
(Cornelio 2003)
14. Journal article (World Wide Web version - not subscription database)
Luvmour, B. n.d., ‗Being with children during times of crisis‘, Pathsoflearning, viewed
29 May 2003, http://www.pathsoflearning.net/library.cfm
(Luvmour n.d.)
n.d. = no date
15. Magazine article – popular/trade/general interest
Pirisi, A. 2003, ‗Jobs, lies and videotape‘, Psychology Today, May/June, p. 12.
(Pirisi 2003)
16. Newspaper article – (Print version)
Cumming, G. 2003, ‗Cough that shook the world‘, New Zealand Herald, 5 April, p. B4.
(Cumming 2003)
17. Newspaper article with no author
Newspaper articles with no author are not included in a reference list – full details are
provided in the in-text citation.
(The Timaru Herald
7 March 2003, p. 1)
18. Patents
Patrick, D. L. (Western Washington University) 2005, Liquid crystal imprinting, US
patent 6 858 270.
19. Personal Communication (letters, telephone conversations, emails, interviews,
lecture notes. etc.) N.B. No reference list entry. Reference in text only.
(Patrick 2005)
(Clarke, H. 2004, pers.
comm., 19 March)
20. Report
Smith, P. 2001, Waikato River water quality monitoring programme: Data report 2001,
(Smith 2001)
Environment Waikato, Hamilton, NZ.
21. Standard
Standards Association of Australia 1997, Australian standard: pressure equipment —
manufacture, (AS4458-1997), Standards Australia, North Sydney.
(Standards Association
of Australia 1997)
22. Statute/Act
New Zealand Government 1991, Resource Management Act, Author, Wellington, N.Z.
(New Zealand
Government 1991, s. 15,
ss. 15A)
23. Thesis
Matheson, S. G. 1981, The volcanic geology of the Mt. Karioi region, M. Sc. Thesis,
(Matheson 1981)
University of Waikato.
JMcG Feb 2010