Course
Year
Version
: S0484/Foundation Engineering
: 2007
: 1/0
Session 23 – 24
PILE INSTALLATION AND LOADING TEST
PILE INSTALLATION AND LOADING TEST
Topic:
• Installation Method of Driven Pile
• Installation Method of Bored Pile
• Loading Test by Static Method
• Loading Test by Dynamic Method
INSTALLATION METHOD
Pile Installation Equipment
The primary tools used in the actual driving
(installing) of piles are :
•
•
•
•
Impact Hammers,
Vibrator Driver / Extractors
Special Hydraulic Presses
Supporting Equipment – power sources,
hoisting & material handling equipment, etc.
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Types of Impact Hammers
Impact Hammers are identified by
their method of operation or the
motive force employed. They are
generally identified as :
• Drop Hammers
• Air or Steam Hammers
• Diesel Hammers
• Hydraulic Impact Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Drop Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Air (or Steam) Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Air (or Steam) Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Diesel Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Diesel Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Hydraulic Impact Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Hydraulic Impact Hammers
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Vibro Driver/Extractors
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Vibro Driver/Extractors
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Hydraulic Press Installer
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Hydraulic Press Installer
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Land Based Rigs
Cantilevered Fixed Lead
(With Fixed Bottom Brace)
(With Spotter)
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Land Based Rigs
Under slung Swinging Lead
(With Fixed Bottom Brace)
(With stabbing points)
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Land Based Rigs
European Style, Fixed Lead with Fixed Bottom Brace
(Driving Aft Batter with Hydraulic Hammer)
PILE INSTALLATION EQUIPMENTS
Land Based Rigs
European Style, Fixed Lead on Crawler Lower
DRIVEN PILE INSTALLATION
BORED PILE INSTALLATION
PILE QUALITY
Two aspects of final quality of pile:
– Structural integrity of pile.
– Pile ability to support external load, consist of
strength of structure element and relationship
load-settlement between pile and soil support
STATIC LOADING TEST
TEST METHODS
–
–
–
–
–
–
Use Static Load
The load is 200% of working load
Preparation before testing
Loading
Measurement of pile movement
Instrumentation
STATIC LOADING TEST
• Loading Methods
– Standard Method of Loading-SML,
Monotonic
– Standard Method of Loading-SML, cyclic
– Quick Load Test (Quick ML)
– Constant Rate of Penetration Method
(CRP)
Sumber : Manual Pondasi Tiang, GEC
Typical
arrangements
for axial
compressive
load test
Anchor
Pile
Dead Load
STATIC LOADING TEST
STATIC LOADING TEST
Test load arrangement using
kentledge
DYNAMIC LOADING TEST
• PDA (Pile Driving Analyzer), Case Institute
od Technology
• DLT (Dynamic Load Test), TNO
• Theory of wave propagation
Sumber : Manual Pondasi Tiang, GEC
PDA computer
Strain gauge and accelerometer
Interpretation
of PDA result
PULL OUT TESTS
Pullout load by using
hydraulic jack between
beam and reaction
frame (ASTM D 368983, 1989)
Sumber : Manual Pondasi Tiang, GEC
PULL OUT TESTS
Pullout load by using
hydraulic jack, one at
each end of the beam
(ASTM D 3689-83,
1989)
LATERAL LOADING TEST
Sumber : Manual Pondasi Tiang, GEC
LATERAL LOADING TEST
PILE INTEGRITY TEST
• This test is needed to check the
integrity of bored pile or driven pile.
• Some methods generally adopted is by
using the principle of wave
propagation. The test is carried out by
applying vibration and evaluating its
reflection.
• Through this test, the defect on pile will
be able to detect.
Sumber : Manual Pondasi Tiang, GEC