National Science Foundation
Societal Implications of Nanotechnology
2007 Principal Investigators’ Meeting
15 March 2007
NSEC/Center for Nanotechnology in Society
at Arizona State University
Arizona State University
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Georgia Institute of Technology
North Carolina State University
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
University of Colorado, Boulder
The Center for
Nanotechnology in Society
A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N IV E R S IT Y
Award No. # 0531194
David H. Guston, PI and Director
Co-PIs: Dan Sarewitz, Clark Miller, George Poste,
Anne Schneider, and Marilyn Carlson
http://cns.asu.edu
CNS-ASU
Research and
Innovation
Systems Analysis
Research Program Assessment
¾ Research Paths
™
™
¾
Networks and clusters
™
¾
The Center for
Nanotechnology in Society
A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N IV E R S IT Y
™
¾
Nanodistricts
Commercialization
™
Frontier assessment of
emergent sub-topics,
interconnections, emerging
applications
Nanotechnology search terms
GPT
Scenario testing
Nano startups
Philip Shapira and Alan Porter
(Georgia Tech)
Defining nanotechnology
RESEARCH
PATHS
•Microscopy
- Scanning probe microscopy
- Electron microscopy
Metrology &
•Self assembly; Directed assembly
Nanoprocesses
•Nanomechanics
•Molecular simulation
•Scanning probe writing & fabrication
•Top-down processes
(nano-lithography, laser nanomachining,
etc.)
Nanodevices &
Nanoelectronics
• Nanoscale chemical structures
• Nanocomposites
• Sol-gels; quasi-crystals
• Growth methods
(epitaxy – MBE, CBE,MOCVD)
• 0D – Quantum dots
• 1D – Nano/quantum tubes, rods or fibers;
nanopolymers
• 2D – graphite layers
• 3D -; fullerenes; nanocrystals
•Nanocomputing devices
•Nanotransistors
•NEMS; PEBBLES
•Molecular electronics
•Nanoscale magnetics
Refining Search Terms for
Nanotechnology: Briefing
Paper, Porter, Youtie,
Shapira, CNS-ASU,
JNR (planned)
The Center for
Nanotechnology in Society
A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N IV E R S IT Y
Nanostructure
Chemistry & Materials
Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology
•Biomolecular & biomemetic devices
•Biosensors
•Molecular motors
•Biomolecular fabrics
•Engineered enzymes & proteins
•Drug discovery and delivery
¾
Purpose: Nano research,
innovation system assessment
¾
Methods: expert review,
preparatory work, boolean search
terms, downloading
Nano and GPT
¾
Three GPT attributes: (1)
pervasiveness, (2) innovation
spawning, (3) scope for
improvement (Helpman and
Trajtenberg, 1994)
¾
Limited evidence of pervasiveness
based on Generality Index using
patent classes assigned to focal
patents’ forward citations,
Generality Index (Hall and
Trajtenberg, 2004)ÆNano ≈ ICT
¾
Implications for investment
decisions, disruptions,
appropriability, dissemination
¾
Challenges: small number of
forward citations; lack of evidence
for other GPT attributes
RESEARCH
PATHS
Assessing the nature of
nanotechnology: Can we
uncover an emerging
general purpose
technology
Youtie, Iacopetta (CNSASU), Graham (Harvard/
UCLA) JTT, accepted
The Center for
Nanotechnology in Society
A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N IV E R S IT Y
Networks and
Clusters
Cities With 1,000 or More Nanotechnology Publications
Source: Science Citation Index 1990 to Mid Year 2006
Objective: examine impact
of regional innovation
systems on development
of nanotechnology
¾
Challenges: geographic
definitions
¾
¾
¾
The Center for
Nanotechnology in Society
A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N IV E R S IT Y
/
Leading Nanodistricts in America, Europe,
Asia (RP, planned)
A Multi-indicator Analysis of Emerging
Nanodisticts in US South (JTT, revisions)
Nanotechnology in China: Research,
Development and Commercialization
Nanotechnology in Europe. Assessment of
the Current State, Opportunities,
Challenges and Socio-Economic Impact
Chinese WOS Nano Publication (with at least 1 author with PRC address)
Networks and
Clusters
Chinese Affiliation (full address) field
19,068 unique address
Targeting records with 6- zipcode
Zipcity.
the
16,385
Cityzip
matrix
Check&
correct
wrong zip
codes
Provincezip
matrix
Targeting records with city name but
without zip code
City variation.
the
With 6zipcode?
With
city
name
Y
16,850
N
With
city
name?
2,218
465
City
variation+
affi_to_
city
Y
N
Internet search city via affiliation
Affiliation-city. the
List
cleaning
up step3
(remove
25)
non-PRC city.
the
Targeting records without zip code
and without city name
List cleaning up step 1
(16,790)
Chinese Affiliation (full address) 19,068
Objective: examine impact
of regional innovation
systems on development
of nanotechnology
Challenges: geographic
definitions
The Center for
Nanotechnology in Society
A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N IV E R S IT Y
PRC city_. the
Step 1 (220 various
levels of cities)
List cleaning up step 2 (3,253)
Step 2 (204
prefecture_level cities)
PRC
Prefecture_city.
the
Cleaned field of PRC Prefecture city (204)
PRC
Prefecture_city_
region. the
Cleaned field of PRC regions (33)
¾
Framework for Geographical Cleaning,
P.R. China, SCI, 1990-2006 (Science &
Technology in Society, AAAS Graduate
Conference)
Potential Nanotechnology
Applications
Commercialization
¾
Nanotechnology startup companies
¾
¾
¾
Objective: identification of
potential nanotechnology
applications, which have
implications for CNS-ASU
themes (FPS, HIEB)
¾
Challenges: emerging
research direction
¾
Nanotechnology in Society
A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N IV E R S IT Y
Technology Transfer Society Annual
Conference 2006 (Atlanta)
PRIME Network 3rd Annual PRIME PhD
Conference 2006 (Denmark)
Nanoelectronics survey
¾
Nano and Giga Challenges 2007)
Scenario activities – triangulation
¾
The Center for
Triple Helix 2007 (Singapore)
Targeted subject-area data-mining and projections