Matakuliah
Tahun
: Psikologi Diagnostik
: 2010
Projective Assessment of Personality II
Pertemuan 4
Graphic Techniques – Draw A Person
• The DAP was devised by Karen Machover (1949)
based upon the observation that Draw A Man Test
(DAM; Goodenough, 1926) productions reflected
personality issues as well as provided a measure of
intelligence, for which the DAM was devised.
Bina Nusantara University
3
Draw A Person
• The typical instructions is simply asked to “draw
a person.”
• The examiner should answer all questions nondirectively
• The patient is then given another sheet of paper,
is asked to draw a picture of the opposite sex
(gender) and is then asked to make up stories
about both drawings.
Bina Nusantara University
4
DAP – Theoretical basis
• The DAP is described as a projective test; people are
said to project underlying personality dynamics and
personality traits into their drawings.
• Reflection in some way or another of himself or herself;
or other important person in the patient’s life.
• Projection of these personality traits and dynamics is
presented symbolically, in some indirect manner.
• People do not draw themselves as they appear, but as
they experience themselves or as they wish to be.
Bina Nusantara University
5
Assets and Limitations
• Easy to administer and takes very little time to complete
• Can be administered to a wide range of patients
• It is useful with shy, inhibited, or otherwise nonverbal children
and adults, and it is typically nonthreatening.
• It is useful with patients who have a wide variety of languagerelated or speech-related problems
• Allow observation on motor performance
• Limitations include problems in movement and/or coordination
and other visual-perceptual problems, such as those seen in
some neurologically impaired patients and in some aged
patients
• Psychometric properties
Bina Nusantara University
6
Graphic Techniques - House Tree Person
• The H-T-P was developed by John Buck (1948) and
Emanuel Hammer (1958). Buck, in the United States,
and Emil Jucker, in Switzerland, independently noted
that tree drawings could reflect underlying personality
traits.
• Jucker’s student, Charles Koch (1952), developed the
tree drawing as a projective test.
• H-T-P is said to reflect patients’ feelings about their
home situation, patients’ emotional history and to tap
deeper layers of personality.
Bina Nusantara University
7
HTP – Theoretical basis
• Reflect underlying traits and personality dynamics
indirectly.
• The house is also said to be a symbolic representation of
the self and taps unconscious issues concerning the
patient’s present or early family life (Hammer, 1958).
• Clinical observations also suggest that the house drawing
represents the patient’s attitudes and emotions concerning
present family relationships.
• The H-T-P was devised from psychoanalytic principles, but
recently some clinicians have interpreted H-T-P data using
a humanistic or a phenomenological approach (Burns,
1987).
Bina Nusantara University
8
Drawing Completion Test - Wartegg
Bina Nusantara University
9
Wartegg
Reveal personality schema:
1. Emotion
2. Imagination
3. Intellect
4. Activity
Bina Nusantara University
Outgoing – Seclusive
Combining – Creative
Practical – Speculative
Dynamic – Controlled
10