OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
Notes
28
PLAY CENTRE: STRUCTURAL
DETAILS
The play centre is a space for 2–5 year olds to come and play, explore and
interact. In order that they may do so in safety and may develop to their optimal
best, one needs to focus on the details of setting up a play centre. If you have
already visited a good play centre, you must have observed that it has space for
various activities, and not only children but you also feel good standing among
children and other things. Why do you feel good? Is space the only reason? What
are the other factors that make a play centre good?
OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, you will be able to:
•
•
•
gain knowledge about the physical structure and facilities in a play centre;
furnish information regarding the equipment and material required; and
enumerate some prerequisites of the play centre staff.
28.1 LOCATION AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS
A play centre, that is, to provide a play and activity based programme definitely
needs adequate amount of space. Of course the other requisites are site, safety,
sanitation and ventilation. The play school should be located at a site that is:
(a) easily accessible to children, and
PSYCHOLOGY
83
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
(b) safe from hazards/dangers like heavy traffic, ponds, ditches, pollution, etc.
The next important step is the space and its organization for various activities,
within the play school.
(A) Play Areas : Can be Outdoors and Indoors
Notes
(i) Play space-Outdoors
Do you know how much space is required for a child to play outside? Well, it
should be minimum area of three to five square meters per child. It is better if this
area has hard surface where toys with wheels can be used and balls bounced. If
there is more area then this, there should be provision for grassy lawn where
children can play, run, do gardening, have sand box and pets.
Some Precautions
The play area should be:
•
regular in outline for easy supervision,
•
securely fenced for safety,
•
free from nails, rocks, broken parts and glass pieces,
•
away from huge pits, water tanks etc., and
•
with clear pathway.
(ii) Play Space- Indoors
84
•
minimum area of 2 square meters per child,
•
be adaptable, flexible and viable,
•
be facilitative of supervision,
•
be well ventilated and have adequate light,
•
walls should be clean and well plastered,
•
walls should have ample space for display of children’s work and other pictorial
material,
•
have mat and a set of low and light tables (about 30 cm high) for a group of
6–8 children for art work etc.,
•
have provision of blackboard at low level for scribbling etc.,
•
have low racks for putting children’s belongings, toys, etc., and
•
have place for self-expression e.g. dancing, dramatic play, music appreciation,
etc.
PSYCHOLOGY
Play Centre-Structural Details
OPTIONAL MODULE
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
(B) Space for Interaction with the Environment
This includes garden space for flowers, vegetables and fruits, small space for
rabbit and bird cages, bird nest, indoor science corner offering opportunities to
the child to explore, experiment and understand nature.
(C) Facility for Drinking Water
Notes
A play centre should have arrangement for:
•
clear and pure drinking water
•
provision for washing utensils.
(D) Sanitary Facilities
The sanitary facilities in a play school should have:
•
clean Indian type toilet that should be provided with adequate water facilities
•
provision of soap and towel
•
provision of dustbin.
(E) Sleeping Facility
This is required when the play centre functions for full day or longer than 3 hours.
Children must definitely sleep for sometime. For this purpose, besides space,
clean mat or mattresses, sheets and pillows are also required.
(F) Storage Facility
Storage space is needed for keeping children’s play items and also kitchen utensils
used for the snacks provided to children.
(G) Kitchen Area
A well ventilated, spacious, kitchen area that is easy to clean is required. It should
have space for cooking, washing and storage of utensils, etc.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 28.1
1. Play area in a play centre should be:
(a)
indoor
(b)
outdoor
PSYCHOLOGY
85
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
(c) both indoor and outdoor
(d) more inside than outside
2. Supervision of play in play centre is possible:
(a) indoor
Notes
(b) outdoor
(c) indoor and outdoor
(d) more indoor and less outdoor
3. Out door play space should be at least:
(a) 1 —2 square mts./child
(b) 2 square mts./child
(c) 3 xquare mts./ child
(d) 3 —5 square mts./child
4. Indoor play space/child should be at least:
(a) 1—2 square mts.
(b) 2 square mts.
(c) 3 square mts.
(d) 3—5 square mts.
5. The priority in any play centre should be of:
(a) outdoor play space
(b) play material
(c) safe drinking water
(d) kitchen
6. To fulfil the objective of interaction with environment a play centre must have:
(a) outdoor space
(b) play material
(c) safe drinking water
(d) clean toilet.
86
PSYCHOLOGY
Play Centre-Structural Details
OPTIONAL MODULE
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
28.2 EQUIPMENT IN THE PLAY CENTRE
A play centre requires a variety of play equipment in order to provide children
with interesting and challenging experiences. Some basic points of the developmental
level of children, durability, safety, complexity etc. need to be kept in mind while
purchasing or using any equipment. There are also certain other characteristics
that need to be taken into account.
Notes
Characteristics of Good Play Equipment
(A) Educational characteristics:
•
No discrimination between boys and girls toys
•
Strong and long lasting
•
Provide for choice and graduated changes
•
Involve the child’s imagination
•
Encourage co-operation among children.
(B) Design characteristics:
•
Multi-use
•
Safe
•
Child-safe
•
Made of different materials (wood, rubber, metal, rope, sand, etc.)
•
Proportionate and quantitative
•
Flexible.
(C) Constructional characteristics:
•
Splinter free wood, sturdy hardware
•
Dependable (always works)
•
Cost effective and economic
•
Repairable
28.3 OUTDOOR AND INDOOR PLAY EQUIPMENT
Following is a list of play equipments that could be provided in a play centre.
However, the type of play equipment and the number will depend on the number
and age of children, outdoor and indoor play space and the funds available for the
PSYCHOLOGY
87
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
purchase and maintenance of the play equipment in a play centre. The list of
equipment given below may be provided for a group of 35—40 children in a play
centre if adequate funds are available.
Outdoor Play Equipments
Notes
Name of the item
Quantity
1.
Swings
2
2.
Tricycles
2
3.
Jungle gym cum slide
1
4.
Rubber balls (small and big)
5.
Rocking toys
2
6.
Wooden plank for balancing
1
7.
Push carts
2
8.
Small ladder
1
9.
Tyres hung on a tree branch
or a frame (tyre swing)
2
10. Small buckets, tumblers, cans,
containers, moulds for sand pit
two each
one set
11. Easel board
1
12. Plastic tubs
2
Indoor Play Equipments
Name of the item
1.
Swings
1.
Building blocks (assorted sizes and shapes)
Triangles, rectangles, cylinders, semicircles
and quarter circles, arches, square pieces,
pillars, ramps, bricks —small and big.
2.
Quantity
2
Half-a-dozen
in each
Constructive materials
a) Fix in toys
b) House building sets
88
PSYCHOLOGY
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
c) Picture puzzles
3.
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
Three in each
Doll corner equipment
a) Dolls
3
b) Doll’s bed, chairs and tables (miniature)
3
Notes
c) Household articles for cooking, washing,
tea-set, handbag, shoes, caps, radios, etc
4.
Science equipment
a) Magnifying glasses
2
b) Magnets
2
c) Balance with weights
1
d) Measuring cans
e) Siphon tubes
f) Small brooms, buckets, sponges
5.
One set
One set
2
Two in each
Musical instruments
a) Drums
b) Jingle bells
c) Dholak and Tablas
d) Rattlers
Two in each
e) Xylophone
f) Rhythm sticks
g) Chimes
6.
Carpentry tools
a) Hammers and nails
b) Pieces of soft wood
c) Wooden planks
One set
d) Saws and vice
e) Pair of scissors
f) Brushes
PSYCHOLOGY
89
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
7.
Notes
Beads
a) Wooden beads (red, blue, yellow)
200
b) Plastic beads (assorted colours)
200
c) Plastic bowls
4
8.
Form boards
3
9.
Peg board and hammer
2
10. Hollow pyramids (plastic/wood)
Two sets
11. Transport toys (car, buses, train, etc.)
Two each
12. Puppets
6
13. Rabbit/Bird cage
1
14. First aid box
1
15. Weighing machine
1
16. Waste bins
3
17. Display boards
3
18. Aprons
10
19. Picture books and story books
24
20. Animal toys
6
21. Costumes, caps and accessories
1 set
22. Story telling aids like picture books, puppets, story cards etc.
23. Blackboard, chalk or slate
24. Crayons, paper, stencils, paints
25. Clay and plastercine
26. Scissors
27. Gum/ fevicol etc.
As far as possible, arrange the materials in a way that children can use these
directly. Further any damaged material should be replaced as soon as possible.
Low cost equipment can also be created by using things in the environment e.g.
empty cartons, cloth pieces, newspapers, thermocol etc.
90
PSYCHOLOGY
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
First Aid Kit
The kit should have the following essentials:
• Bandages
• thermometer
• Sticking plaster
• scissors
• Sterilized surgical cotton wood
• antiseptic ointment
• Gauze
• gentian violet
Notes
INTEXT QUESTIONS 28.2
1. State whether True or False:
(1) Play centre can function effectively without play equipment.
T/F
(2) Play equipment should only be bought from shops.
T/F
(3) Proper arrangement of play equipment is important for its
effective use.
T/F
(4) Equipment once bought need not be replaced.
T/F
(5) Play equipment should not be flexible.
T/F
28.4 PLAY CENTRE STAFF
(A) Teacher
The teacher in the play center has a key influence on the quality of service provided.
She is a person responsible for the activities and programmes conducted in the
play centre to achieve the established goals and objectives.
Necessary training in the area is an important qualification. The teacher should
have undergone the vocational course or diploma course in play centre management
or in pre-school organisation. Certain other qualifications are required of a play
centre teacher. She should have:
•
An understanding of specific aims and objectives for organizing the play centre.
•
A thorough knowledge of where and how to organize the play centre activities.
•
X std + 2 years training or XII std pass + 1 year training
PSYCHOLOGY
91
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
•
Not less than 18 years of age, and
•
Aware of material needed in play centre and how to use it meaningfully.
(B) Assistant
Notes
The house keeping services needed at any play centre like cleaning, washing the
linen, care of the play ground and floor, changing pictures on the bulletin and
papers on the easel board, laying out equipment and minding equipment and other
items in a play centre require an assistant. She should love children and be ready
to care for them at all times. Since the children spend much of the time on the floor,
the floors must be cleaned thoroughly. The assistant needs to be on duty in the
toilet room and washing area helping the children and the teacher to handle the
situation effectively. She should have passed at least eighth standard.
(C) Cook
If the play centre includes meal programme, the teacher plans menu, supervises
the preparation and serving of food. Meal preparation requires a cook on the staff
list. The cook must have clean habits and observe them in the cooking area. She
should be ready to take directions from the teacher to prepare nutritious and
tasteful food on time. The cook should know reading and writing.
Note: Though the number of staff is influenced by the programme, finance, building,
provision of equipment, number of children, ate of children, training of teacher etc.
there should be one adult for every 10—15 children.
Responsibilities of a Teacher in the Play Centre
A play centre teacher has certain responsibilities to self, children, school and
community. In fact these responsibilities can be taken as the characteristics of a
good teacher, who is the pivot around which the whole functioning of the play
centre revolves and depends, following are the responsibilities of a teacher:
1. To Herself
The responsibilities of the play centre teacher to herself are to:
a) remain in good physical and emotional health at all times
b) be progressive
c) be enthusiastic always, and
d) grow professionally
2. To the Children
The teacher in the play centre needs to fulfil the following responsibilities to the
92
PSYCHOLOGY
Play Centre-Structural Details
OPTIONAL MODULE
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
children in the group. She should:
a) meet their needs
b) enjoy working and being with them
c) respect them as individuals
Notes
d) build desirable relationship with them, and
e) help to build a good self-image.
3. To the Parents
The teacher’s responsibilities to the parents are to:
a) provide good counseling
b) value them and their ideas
c) plan with them for the well-being of the child, and
d) bridge the gap between the home and the school.
4. To Other Staff Members
The responsibilities of the play centre teacher with respect to other staff members
are:
a) support ideas and knowledge
b) value them and their ideas, and
c) involve them in the programme
5. To the Community
The teacher in the play center needs to fulfil the following responsibilities with
regard to the community:
a) be aware of the problems of the community and try to solve them, and
b) participate in local professional organization pertaining to the welfare of children.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 28.3
State whether True or False:
1. One teacher is sufficient in a play centre regardless of the number of children
enrolled.
PSYCHOLOGY
93
OPTIONAL MODULE
Play Centre-Structural Details
Facilitating Early
Childhood Education
2. The teacher’s only duty is to teach.
3. A teacher needs to bridge the gap between home and school.
4. A play centre being child centred, a teacher has no role in the learning of the
child.
Notes
5. A teacher needs to be progressive and enthusiastic.
WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT
Play centre structural details
Physical structure
Equipment
Staff
Location
Space arrangement
within the centre
Characteristics
of good equipments
List of essential
equipment
Teacher and her
responsibilities
Assistant
Cook
TERMINAL EXERCISE
1. What are the essential characteristics of good equipment?
2. What are the responsibilities of a play centre teacher?
3. Visit any play centre, observe the use of physical space and evaluate.
ANSWER TO INTEXT QUESTIONS
94
28.1 1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (d)
4. (b)
5. (c)
6. (a)
28.2 1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. F
28.3 1. F
2. F
4. F
5. T
3. T
PSYCHOLOGY