ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
30
fVIi.kh
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
;fn vki vius ?kj essa pkjkas rjQ vksj ns[ksaxs rc vkidks 'kk;n Q'kZ ij /kCcs] nhokjksa]
;k vU; lrgksa ij xanxh] QVk gqvk okWy isij] /kwfey ltkoV lkexzh] est ij [kjksap
bR;kfn ns[kus dks feysaxhA D;k dksbZ ,slk rjhdk gS ftlls ge bu oLrqvksa dh
ns[kHkky fu;fer :i ls dj ldsa \ D;k lHkh izdkj dh lrgksa dks ikuh vkSj
fMVjtsaV ls lkQ fd;k tk ldrk gS\ fuf'pr :i ls ughaA bl ikB esa vki vyx
vyx lrgksa dh lQkbZ vkSj ns[kHkky ds fo"k; esa i<+saxsA
mn~ns';
bl ikB dks i<+us ds i'pkr vki fuEu dj ldsaxs %
?kj dh vyx&vyx lrgksa dh igpku(
nhokjksa vkSj Q'kksZ esa iz;qDr fHkUu&fHkUu lrgksa dh lQkbZ vkSj ns[kHkky(
dkap] /kkrq vkSj ydM+h dh lrgksa dh lQkbZ vkSj ns[kHkky(
?kj esa fctyh ds midj.kksa vkSj uy dh lkekU; ejEerA
30.1 j[kj[kko dk mn~ns';
vkius ns[kk gksxk fd vkidh nhokjsa] Q'kZ] dkmUVj] est vkfn dh cukoV vyx&vyx
gksrh gSA D;k vki lHkh dks ,d gh izdkj ls lkQ djrs gSa +\ ugha] izR;sd lrg vyx
gksrh gS vkSj mls ,d fo'ks"k j[kj[kko dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ;s lrgsa ydM+h] phuh
feV~Vh] /kkrq] laxejej vkfn tSlh dBksj gks ldrh gSaA os dqN de dBksj Hkh gks
ldrh gSa tSls fyuksfy;e] IykfLVd] dkxt vkfnA blds ckn eqyk;e lrgsa vkrh
gSa tSls insZ] lksQs vkfn ds diM+s] twV] fyuu vkfnA lqfo/kk ds fy;s ge bu lrgksa
ds iz;ksx ds vuqlkj buds fo"k; esa i<+saxsA
28
x`g foKku
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
30-2 nhokjksa vkSj Q'kksZa dh lQkbZ vkSj ns[kHkky
nhokjsa vkSj Q'kZ vf/kdka'k lhesaV vkSj ctjh ;k feV~Vh ds IykLVj ls cuh gksrh gSaA
nhokjsa ;k rks jaxh iqrh ;k okWyisij] phuh feV~Vh dh Vkby] dIkM+s ;k ydM+h ds iSuy
ls <dh gq;h gks ldrh gaSA Q'kZ Hkh laxejej] xzsukbV] ekst+sd fpIl ;k ydM+h ls
cus gks ldrs gSaA Q'kksZa vkSj nhokjksa ij dqN lkekU; :i ls iz;ksx dh tkus okyh
lrgksa dh ns[kHkky vkSj lko/kkfu;ksa ds fo"k; esa uhps nh x;h rkfydk esa O;k[;k dh
x;h gS A
fVIi.kh
rkfydk 30.1 nhokjksa o Q'kZ dh lQkbZ
lrg
isaV dh gqbZ
lrg
j[kj[kko
(i)
fu;fer :i ls budh
/kwy iksaNsa vkSj tkys
gVk,aA
(ii)
okWyisij
phuh feV~Vh dh
Vkbysa
x`g foKku
xje ikuh vkSj fMVtsZaV
ls Åij ls uhps dh
vksj Liat djsaA
(iii) lkQ rkts ikuh ls /kks,aA
(i) ;fn QV x;k gks rks
rqjar gh bls fpidk nsaA
(i) nkx/kCcksa dks Liat ;k
eqyk;e xhys diM+s ls
jxM+Aas
(iii) ;fn isij /kqykbZ djus
;ksX; gks rks bls iksaNsa]
fpdukbZ vo'kks"kdksa
tSls VSYde ikmMj]
eqYrkuh feV~Vh]
pksdj vkfn dks fpdukbZ
ds nkx /kCcs NqM+kus ds
fy;s iz;ksx djsaA
lko/kkuh
(i)
nhokjksa dks dHkh Hkh tksj ls
u jxM+sa vkSj u gh vi?k"kZd
vkSj cz'k dk iz;ksx
djsAa
(ii) dHkh Hkh rst jlk;fud
foyk;dksa dk iz;ksx u djsaA
(i)
okWyisij dks dHkh Hkh [kqjpsa
ughaA
(i)
xeZ ikuh vkSj fMVtsZaV
dh lgk;rk ls fu;fer
:i ls lkQ djsaA
(i)
vR;f/kd ,flM dk iz;ksx u
djsa D;ksafd ,flM ls os <hyh
gksdj fudy ldrh gSaA
(ii)
iDds nkx /kCcksa dks ikuh
vkSj jsxeky ls xeZ
ikuh vkSj fMVtsZaV ls
lkQ djsaA
(ii)
,flM dks iz;ksx ds rqjar ckn
gh lkQ dj nsaA
(iii)
Vkbyksa dks lkQ djus ds
fy;s dqN fo'ks"k jlk;u
Hkh miyC/k gSaA
29
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
laxejej@xzsukbV
ekstsd@lhesaV
(i)
xeZ ikuh ls lkQ djsaA
(ii)
dHkh dHkh bUgsa feV~Vh
ds rsy vkSj cqjkns ls
lkQ dj ysaA
(iii)
laxejej dks nkx /kCcs
jfgr vkSj lQsn j[kus
ds fy;s uhacw jxM+saA
(ii)
dksus dks izfrfnu lkQ dj ysa
ojuk os dkys iM+ ldrs gSaA
fVIi.kh
30-3 Q'kZ dh ns[kHkky o j[kj[kko
tSls vkSj Q'kZ lkQ djus dh fofHkUu fof/k;ka gSa] mlh izdkj Q'kZ ij iz;qDr fofHkUu
lrgksa dh fof'k"V ns[kHkky dh tkrh gSA ;g vko';d ugha gS fd Q'kZ ij lnk gh
dqN fcNk gksA oLrqr% gekjs ns'k esa vf?kdka'k yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd Q'kZ dks lkQ
j[kus dk ljyre rjhdk gS mls cqgkjuk vkSj iksaNukA ij vf?kdka'k O;kolkf;d
izfr"Bkuksa esa Q'kZ dks iwjk ;k vkaf'kd :i ls <dk tkrk gS] eq[;r% lqfo?kk vkSj lkSan;Z
dh n`f"V lsA bl [k.M esa vki tks KkuktZu djsxsa mlls vki vklkuh ls Q'kZ ds
fofHkUu fcNkou dks lkQ j[k ik;saxsA
rkfydk 30.2 Q'kZ dh ns[kHkky
lrg
j[kj[kko
lko/kkfu;ka
dkyhu
(i)
(i)
dkyhu dh fu;fer
lQkbZ dhft;sA
dkyhuksa dks yisV dj a
uS¶Fkyhu dh xksfy;ka
Mkfy;sA
(ii)
ekg esa ,d ckj bUgsa
(ii) dqN varjky ds ckn
ckgj fudkfy;sA budks
mUgsa gok fn[kkb;sA
myV dj >kfM+;s rkfd
<hyh /kwy fudy tk;sA
(iii) dHkh dHkh oSD;we DyhulZ (iii) jksy djus ls igys vPNh
dks Hkh izHkko'kkyh :i ls
rjg ls lq[kk yhft;sA
iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(iv) iDds jaxksa ds xans dkyhuksa (iv) nkx /kCcs rqjar gh gVk
dks lkcqu ds ikuh ls
nhft;sA
/kksb;sA lkcqu dk <sj lkjk
>kx dkyhu ij cz'k dh
lgk;rk ls yxkb;s vkSj
NksVh NksVh txg esa xksy
xksy cz'k ?kqekb;sA Liat
dh lgk;rk ls vPNh rjg
/kksb;s vkSj /kwi esa
lq[kkb;sA
30
x`g foKku
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
foukby@fyuksfy;e
(i)
xhys diM+s ls lkQ
dfj;sA
(i)
(ii)
nkx /kCcksa dks gYds
fMVtsZaV ls jxM+saA
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
dkW;j
ik;nku
(i)
x`g O;oLFkk
ikuh esa er fHkxkssb;s]
iksaNus ls igys vfrfjDr
ikuh dks fupksM+ yhft;sA
dksuksa dks fu;fer :i ls
lkQ dfj;sA
dBksj vi?k"kZd ;k twus dk
iz;ksx u djsaA
diM+s /kksus dk lksMk ;k
{kkj dk iz;ksx u djsa
D;ksafd ;s dkyhu ij
fpidrs gSaA
dkyhu dks vf/kd xank u
gksus nsaA
(i)
bls izfrfnu ,d [kqjnqjs
cz'k ;k >kM+w ls lkQ
dfj;sA dHkh&dHkh dkyhu
dks ckgj Hkh fudkysaA
mYVk djds bls >kM+ ysa
rkfd /kwy fudy tk;sA
(ii)
;fn dkyhu dkQh xank gks (ii) vPNh rjg ls lq[kk,aA
tk;] rks lkcqu ds ikuh
ls /kks ysaA ued ds BaMs
ikuh ls /kksdj [kqyh gok
esa dkyhu dks lq[kk;saA
fVIi.kh
(i)
mYVk djds MaMs ls
ihVsa ¼rkfd /kwy >M+ tk;½A
(ii) lkcqu ds ikuh ls /kksb;s]
lkQ djds /kwi esa vPNh
rjg ls lq[kkb;sA
fØ;kdyki 30.1
vius lhesaV vkSj laxejej ds Q'kZ] isaV fd;s gq;s njokts] dkyhu] dkW;j
ds dkyhu o ckFk:e VkbYl dks lkQ djus ds fy;s nSfud] lkIrkfgd vkSj
ekfld ;kstuk cukb;sA
lrg
nSfud
i.
lhesaV dk Q'kZ
ii.
laxejej dk Q'kZ
iii.
isaV fd;k gqvk njoktk
iv.
dkyhu
v.
dkW;j dk dkyhu
lkIrkfgd
ekfld
vi.
Lukukxkj ds VkbYl
x`g foKku
31
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
30-4 ydM+h dh lrgksa dh lQkbZ
fVIi.kh
ydM+h dk iz;ksx QuhZpj cukus esa] jlksbZ esa vkSj Q'kZ cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA ;g
dbZ rjhdksa ls ifjlfTtr@fQfu'k fd;k tkrk gS rkfd blds ja/kz can fd;s tk ldsaA
nhed ls j{kk djus ds fy;s Hkh bldks lalkf?kr fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn ,slk u fd;k
tk; rc /kwy] rsy vkSj vU; fxjs gq;s inkFkksZa ds dkj.k bl ij LFkk;h nkx iM+ tkrs
gSaA
rkfydk 30.3 ydM+h ds lrg dh lQkbZ
ydM+h dh lrg
j[kj[kko
lknh ydM+h ¼lCth dkVus (i) gYds lkcqu vkSj xeZ
dk cksMZ] isLVªh cksMZ] pdyk]
ikuh ls /kks,sa vkSj
csyu] bR;kfn
[kqyh gok esa lq[kk;saA
(ii)
ikWfy'k dh gqbZ ydM+h
isaV dh gq;h ydM+h]
+¼njokts vkSj f[kM+fd;k¡½
32
cksMZ ij fpids gq;s
[kk|kUu ds VqdM+ksa dks
pkdw ds eksaFkjs Hkkx ls
lkQ djasA
lko/kkfu;ksa
(i)
ydM+h ds xzsu dh fn'kk
esa jxM+asA
(ii)
dHkh Hkh dBksj cz'k dk
iz;ksx u djsaA
(iii)
ikuh esa u fHkxks;saA
xeZ ikuh dk iz;ksx u
djsa] blls ydM+h Qwy
tk;sxhA
(iv)
rst lQkbZ dh lkexzh
iz;ksx u djsaA
(i)
QykySu ds diM+s ls
>kMsa+ vkSj iksaNsaA
(i)
ydM+h ij dqN Hkh u
fxjk;saA
(ii)
ikuh ds /kCcksa dks
feFkkbysVsM fLifjV ls@
rkjihu ds rsy ;k
veksfu;k ds gYds ?kksy
ls jxM+saA
(ii)
fxjs gq;s inkFkZ rqjar gh
iksaN fn;s tkus pkfg;sA
(i)
gYds lkcqu vkSj ikuh
ls lkQ djsaA
QykySu ds diM+s ls
lq[kk ysa rkfd
ydM+h esa ped vk tk;sA
(i)
lqfuf'pr djsa fd
lkcqu ds lHkh va'k
lko/kkuhiwoZd fudky
fn;s x;s gksa vU;Fkk nkx fQj
Hkh lrg ij fn[kkbZ nsaxsA
(ii)
le; le; ij bls
vPNh rjg lqjf{kr
j[kus ds fy;s nqckjk]
isaV dj ysaA
x`g foKku
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
ySfeusVsM lrg
¼luekbdk½
x`g O;oLFkk
(i)
xhys diM+s ls iksaN
dj lkQ djsaA
(i)
[kjksap+ u iM+us nsa vkSj u
gh [kqjnjs vi?k"kZd dk
iz;ksx djsaA
(ii)
rki ds fpg~uksa dks gVkus
ds fy;s /kkrq okyh
ikWfy'k jxM+sa vkSj gYds
fMVtsZaV ls /kks;saA ohfu;j
lrg dks lqjf{kr
j[kus ds fy;s oSDl
ikWfy'k ;k Øhe dk
iz;ksx djsasA
(ii)
Q'kZ ij fxjs gq;s
inkFkksZa dks iksaN nsaA
fVIi.kh
30-5 /kkrq dh lrg dh ns[kHkky
crZu rFkk midj.k rkacs] ihry] dkap] pkanh vkfn ds cus gksrs gSaA ihry vkSj rkack
vknzZ tyok;q eas ,d uhys&gjs jax dk cnjax /kCck cukrs gSaA buesa ls izR;sd lrg
dks ,d fHkUu izdkj ds j[kj[kko dh vko';drk iM+sxh] ftlesa ls dqN dh O;k[;k
uhps nh x;h gS&
rkfydk 30.4 /kkrw dh lrg dh lQkbZ
lrg
ihry vkSj
rkack
j[kj[kko
(i)
lkcqu vkSj lQkbZ okys ikmMj dks
gYds ?k"kZ.k ds lkFk iz;ksx djsaA uhacw
dk jl vkSj ued] fljdk ;k beyh
dk xwnk ckfjd LVhy owy ds lkFk
jxM+saA ?kj ij crZu lkQ djus ds
fy;s Nuh gq;h jk[k dk iz;ksx djsaA
(ii)
uDdk'khnkj ihry dks iqjkus
nkarksa ds cz'k ls lkQ djsaA
(iii)
czklks ;k gkbMªksDyksfjd ,flM dk
iz;ksx cgqr xanh oLrqvksa dks
lkQ djus ds fy;s djsaA
pkanh vkSj
(i) iz;ksx djus ds rqjar ckn xeZ
pkanh dh
lkcqu ds ikuh ls lkQ djsaA
ijr okys Vh&lsV]
Vªs] vkfn
(ii) buesa ls izR;sd dks cnjax /kCcksa ls
cpkus ds fy;s fV';w isij ls <d dj
j[ksaA
x`g foKku
(iii)
,d eqyk;e diM+s ls yEckbZ esa
jxM+Aas
(iv)
pk; ds /kCcksa dks NqM+kus ds fy;s nks
lko/kkfu;k¡
(i)
dHkh Hkh czklks ;k
vU; jlk;uksa dk
iz;ksx [kkus ds crZu
lkQ djus ds fy;s
u djssa D;ksafd ;s
inkFkZ tgjhys gksrs gSaA
(i)
pkanh ds crZuksa dks
lkQ djus ds fy;s
dHkh Hkh vi?k"Zkdksa
dk iz;ksx u djsa
D;kasfd pkanh ij
[kjksap vklkuh ls iM+
tkrh gSA
(ii) pkanh dh lQkbZ ds
fy;s gYds vi/k"kZd
dk iz;ksx gh djsaA
33
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
cM+s pEep lksMk vkSj mcyrs gq, xeZ
ikuh dk iz;ksx djsaA ltkoVh lkeku
ds fy;s flyoks ikWfy'k ¼tks ckt+kj esa
miyC?k gS½ dk iz;ksx djsaA
LVhy
(i)
BaMs ;k xeZ ikuh vkSj fMVtsZaV ls lkQ
djsAa
fVIi.kh
(i)
(ii)
ftn~nh nkx /kCcsnkj crZuksa ds
fy, gYds vi/k"kZd dk iz;ksx
djsAa
(iii) LVhy ds tys gq;s crZuksa dks /kksus ds
fy, bUgsa ued ds ikuh esa fHkxks;sa
vkSj gYds vi/k"kZd ls lkQ djsaA
yksgk
(i)
(ii)
ukWu fLVd
VWQykWu
dh ijr okys
ros] LuSd
VksLVj@lkWl
iSu vkfn
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
dBksj vi/k"kZdksa
dk iz;ksx u djsa
D;ksafd LVhy ij
[kjksapsa vklkuh ls iM+
tkrh gSaA
iz;ksx ds rqjar ckn lkQ dj ysaA
(i) iwjh rjg lq[kk ysa
bldh lrg ij rsy dh ijr yxk
D;ksafd gYdh lh ueh
ysaA
ls Hkh yksgs ij tax
(iii) /kCcksa dks NqM+kus ds fy, bZaV dk
yx tkrh gSA
pwjk] pksdj] cqjkns vkfn dk iz;ksx djsaA
iz;ksx ls igys rsy dh ijr yxk ysaA
iz;ksx ds rqjar ckn /kks ysaA
Liat vkSj lkcqu ds ikuh ls lkQ
djsa vkSj iksaN dj lq[kk;saA
(i)
LVhy owy ;k dBksj
twus dk iz;ksx u djsaA
3-6 dk¡p] csar vkSj IykfLVd dh lQkbZ vkSj ns[kHkky
dk¡p f[kM+fd;ksa] Vscy ds VkWi] ikfVZ'ku vkSj LykbfMax njoktksa esa yxk;s tkrs gSaA
casr gYdh gksrh gS vkSj vf/kdrj dqjfl;ksa vkSj estksa esa iz;qDr gksrh gSA IykfLVd
cksrysa] ckYVh] ex] vkfn esa iz;ksx gksrk gSA
rkfydk 30.5 dkWap] csar o IykfLVd dh lQkbZ
34
lrg
j[kj[kko
lko/kkfuf/k;kWa
dk¡p
(i)
(i)
v[kckj ds dkxt vkSj ikuh
ls lQkbZ djsaA
(ii) dkap pedkus ds fy;s bls
fljdk feys ikuh ls /kks;saA
(iii) fpdukbZ ds /kCcs gVkus ds
fy, veksfu;k vkSj xeZ
ikuh ls lkQ djsaA
(iv) efD[k;ksa ds fu'kkuksa dks
feFkkbysVsM fLifjV ls jxM+saA
dBksj twus ;k vi/k"kZd
u iz;ksx djsa D;ksafd ;s
dkap ij [kjksaps NksM+rs
gSAa
x`g foKku
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
lrg
j[kj[kko
lko/kkfuf/k;kWa
csar
(i)
fu;fer :i ls /kwy vkSj
[kVeyksa] edfM+;kas vkSj
dksus esa Nqis dkWdjkspksa ds
fy;s lQkbZ djsaA dksuksa dh
lQkbZ ds fy;s cz'k dk iz;ksx djsaA
(ii) bls ued okys ikuh ls
/kks;sa ¼1 cM+k pEep ued 1 yhVj
ikuh esa ?kksysa½A blds ckn [kqyh
gok esa Hkyh Hkk¡fr lq[kk;saA
(iii) /kCcksa ls cpkus ds fy;s csar ds
QuhZpj dks ikjn'khZ
okfuZ'k dh ijr p<+k;saA
bldks oSDl ikWfy'k fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
(i)
(i)
(i)
IykfLVd
ftíh nkx /kCcksa dks NqM+kus
ds fy;s feêh ds rsy dk
iz;ksx djsa vkSj ;fn laHko
gks rks bls /kwi Hkh
fn[kk;saA
ikuh esa u fHkxks;saA
fVIi.kh
dBksj vi/kZ"kd
dks iz;ksx u djsa
D;ksafd buls lrg ij
[kjksapsa iM+ tkrh gSaA
(ii) Dyksjhu dk iz;ksx Hkh
u djsaA
fØ;kdyki 30.2 & fuEu lrgksa esa ls fdlh Hkh lrg dh lQkbZ dk
vH;kl dfj;s&ydM+h dh dqlhZ] dkap dh f[kM+dh] ihry dk Qwynku]
IykfLVd dh ckYVh] phuh feêh dk ex] csar dh Vksdjh] IykfLVd dk
estiks'k] jlksbZ?kj dk LyScA
ikBxr iz'u 30-1
¼1½
jk/kk ijs'kku gSA fuEu lrgksa dh lQkbZ ¼ dkWye I esa½ ds fy;s iz;qDr inkFkksZa
¼dkWye II esa½ dk feyku djds mldh lgk;rk dfj;sA
dkWye I
dkWye II
(a)
dk¡p ij fpdukbZ ds /kCcs
(i)
vylh dk rsy
(b)
ydM+h ij ikuh ds fu'kku
(ii)
feêh dk rsy
(c)
fyuksfy;e
(iii)
lksMk vkSj mcyrk ikuh
(d)
IykfLVd ij iM+s ftíh nkx /kCcs (iv)
(e)
pkanh ij iM+s pk; ds /kCcs
x`g foKku
veksfu;k
(v)
{kkj@,WYdyh
(vi)
gYds fMVtsZaV
35
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
(2)
fVIi.kh
'khyk ds ?kj esa lQkbZ ls lacaf/kr fuEu leL;k gSA mldh lQkbZ ls
lacaf/kr dqN rjhds lq>kb;sA
(i)
nhokj ij iM+s xanxh ds /kCcs
(ii)
laxejej dh LySc ij gYnh ds nkx
(iii)
okWyisij ij iM+s fpdukbZ ds /kCcs
(iv)
VkbYl ij iM+s ikuh ds /kCcs
(v)
ySfeusVsM est ij rki ls iM+s /kCcs
30-7 fctyh ds lkeku dh ejEer
Hkou dks lkQ vkSj LoPN j[kus ds lkFk vkidks dqN lkekU; midj.kksa vkSj lkt
lkeku ds fo"k; esa Hkh ifjfpr gksuk pkfg;s rkfd ;fn t:jr iM+s rks mldh ejEer
dj ldsa ;k ejEer dh fuxjkuh Hkyh Hkk¡fr dj ldsaA bl lEHkkx esa ge fctyh ds
dqN midj.kksa dh ejEer ds fo"k; esa i<+saxsA vkidks ,d ckr Li"V :i ls ;kn
j[kuh gksxh fd ;fn dksbZ fctyh dk midj.k dke djuk can dj ns] rks lcls igys
mldh fctyh dh vkiwfrZ dh tk¡p dj ysuh pkfg;sA ,sls midj.kksa dks pykrs le;
vkidks lko/kku Hkh jguk pkfg;sA tc Hkh vki ejEer dk iz;kl dj jgs gksa]
lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd midj.k dk Iyx fLop cksMZ ls fudyk gqvk gks vkSj eq[;
vkiwfrZ ls midj.k dk laca/k dVk gqvk gksA
egÙoiw.kZ psrkouh
ges'kk jcj dh pIiysa igusa
vius gkFkksa dks iwjh rjg lw[kk j[ksa
ges'kk Åuh dEcy ;k ,d ydM+h dk r[rk ikl esa j[ksa
eq[; vkiwfrZ dk Iyx ges'kk fudky dj j[[email protected] dks fLop ls fudky ysa
fctyh dk ¶;wt
vki dks fctyh ds ¶;wt ls vPNh rjg ifjfpr gksuk pkfg;sA ¶;wt irys /kkrq ds
rkjksa ls cuk gksrk gSA ;g lk/kkj.kr;k fVu] lhlk vkSj ftad dk cuk gksrk gSA dbZ
ckj 'kkVZ lfdZV ;k nks"kiw.kZ midj.k ds dkj.k ;g /kkrq dk rkj xy tkrk gS vkSj
¶;wt mM+ tkrk gSA ,d ckj ;fn ;g mM+ tk; rc vki fuEu dj ldrs gSa&
(a) eq[; fLop can dj nsa
(b) nks"kiw.kZ midj.k dh igpku djsa] fLop can djds midj.k dks gVk nsa
(c) ¶;wt vkSj dV vkmV dks fudky ysa vkSj mldk fujh{k.k djsaA vkidks fi?kys
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gq;s rkj ;k mlds vo'ks"k feysxa As bl rkj dks fudky ysa vkSj dV vkmV@dSfj;j
dh lQkbZ djsaA
x`g foKku
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
(d) u;k rkj yxk;saA ;fn Nsn fn;k x;k gks rks u;s rkj dks NsV ls xqtjuk pkfg;sA
(e) ¶;wt dV vkmV dks okil yxk nsa] ckWDl can djds eq[; fLop dks vkWu djsaA
rhu fiu okyk Iyx
;s Iyx vf/kdka'k nks vkdkjksa esa gksrs gSa ;k rks 5 ;k 15 ,fEi;j dsA dbZ ckj mPp
fo|qr /kkjk ds dkj.k Iyx fi/ky ldrk gS vkSj uaxs rkj Nwus ls fctyh dk >Vdk
yx ldrk gSA bl Iyx esa 3 rkj gksrs gSaA ,d ?kukRed ds fy;s] nwljk _.kkRed
ds fy;s vkSj rhljk U;wVªy ds fy;sA lk/kkj.kr;k bu rhuksa esa Hksn djus ds fy;s
vyx vyx jaxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA U;wVy rkj ds fy;s gjk jax] yky
?kukRed ds fy;s vkSj ihyk ;k vU; dksbZ jax _.kkRed rkj ds fy;s iz;qDr gksrs
gSaA
fVIi.kh
fp=k 30-1% Iyx dks cnyuk
3 fiu Iyx dks cnyus ds fy;s fn;s x;s pj.kksa dk vuqlj.k dfj;sA
(a) Iyx ds chp esa fLFkr isap dks <hyk dj nsaA
(b) rhuksa rkjksa ij yxs gq;s isapksa dks <hyk djds mUgsa ckgj [khap ysaA
(c) ;fn t:jr iM+s rks rkjksa dh IykfLVd dh ijr dks rst pkdw ;k CysM dh
lgk;rk ls fudky dj vanj dh rkjksa dks [kksy ysaA
(d) u;s Iyx dks yxk ysa] ?kukRed dks ,d isap esa vkSj _.kkRed dks nwljs
lekukUrj isap esa dl ysaA isapksa dks Hkyh izdkj dlsaA ;g vo'; tk¡p ysa fd
_.kkRed o ?kukRed rkj ,d nwljs dks Nq,a ughaA
(e) U;wVªy rkj dks uhps okys isap esa Mky dj isap dl nsaA
(f) <Ddu yxkdj eq[; isap dks Hkh dl nsaA
ia[ks
ia[kk ,d vke fctyh dk midj.k gSA ;fn ia[kk dke djuk can dj ns rks
lk/kkj.kr;k vki fctyh okys dks cqykrs gSaA ysfdu dqN ,sls fcanq gSa ftudk vuqlj.k
vki Lo;a dj ldrs gSaA
x`g foKku
37
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
(a) fu;fer :i ls ia[kksa esa mfpr :i ls rsy ;k xzhl MkysaA rsy Mkyus ds fy;s
ia[kksa esa] [kkldj Vscy ij j[kus okys ia[kksa esa] Nsn cus gksrs gSaA
(b) ;fn ia[kk dke djuk can dj ns rks bldk fLop can dj nsaA blds CysMksa dks
ydM+h dh lgk;rk ls ?kqek,aA ia[kqfM+;k¡ ?kweus yxsa rks fLop vkWu dj ds ns[ksaA
;fn ;g xfr idM+ ysrk gS rc blds dSisflVj dks cnyus dh vko';drk gSA
;fn ;g xfr ugha idM+rk rc fctyh dh vkiwfrZ dh tk¡p dj ysaA vkSj laHkor%
vkidks fctyh okys dks cqykuk iM+sxkA
fVIi.kh
(c) ;fn vkidk ia[kk vkokt djrk gS] rks ,slk f?kls gq;s cs;fjax ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
,slk xzhl dh deh ds dkj.k Hkh gksrk gSA cs;fjax esa le; le; ij rsy Mkyuk
pkfg;s vkSj mUgsa cny nsuk pkfg;sA
:e dwyj
:e dwyj esa ,d dSfcusV] ikuh dk ,d iEi vkSj ,d fu"dkld ia[kk yxk gksrk gSA
gok igys xhys inksaZ ls xqtjrh gSA ckn esa fu"dkld ia[kk bl B.Mh gok dks dejs
esa Qsad nsrk gSA ia[kksa ij /;ku fn;s tkus dh t:jr gksrh gS ftlds fo"k; esa vki
igys gh i<+ pqds gSaA vkb;s dqN vU; /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrksa ds fo"k; esa tkusa&
(a) tc iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gks rc yxkus ls igys vkSj le; le; ij Hkh dSfcusV
dks vPNh rjg ls lkQ fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA ;fn yksgs dk cuk gS rks tax ls
cpkus ds fy, isUV djuk t:jh gSA
(b) izR;sd ckj xehZ ds ekSle esa BaMs djus okys iSM tks ?kkl ds ;k [kl [kl ds
cus gksrs gSa] cnyus pkfg;sA
(c) ia[ks vkSj iEi esa rsy ;k xzhl Mkyuk pkfg;sA
(d) iEi esa ikuh ds izos'k ekxZ dks rkjksa dh cuh fQYVj ;k NUuh ls <d fn;k tkuk
pkfg;s rkfd [kl [kl ;k ?kkl dk cqjknk blesa izos'k djds ikuh ds ikbi dks
can u djsA
(e) ges'kk lko/kkuh cjrsa vkSj ns[ksa fd ikuh U;wure Lrj ds Åij gh jgs vU;Fkk
iEi [kjkc gks tk;sxkA
(f)
dwyj esa ikuh Hkjrs le;] ;g lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd fctyh dh vkiwfrZ can gksA
:e ghVj
:e ghVj dk eq[; Hkkx ,fyesaV gS tks fctyh ds blesa ls xqtjrs le; xeZ gks tkrk
gSA ghfVax ,fyesaV dks blesa yxs isapksa dks fudky nsus ls vklkuh ls cnyk tk ldrk
gSA ges'kk /;ku jgs fd ghVj dks le;&le; ij lkQ djuk pkfg;s rkfd bldh
lrg pepekrh jgs vkSj bl ij fxjh gq;h /kwy vklkuh ls fn[k tk;A
38
x`g foKku
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
3-8 uy lq?kkjuk
vkius dqN fctyh ds nks"kksa ds fo"k; esa i<+kA vkidks uyksa ls lacaf/kr Hkh dqN fo'ks"k
mi;ksxh phtksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh gksuh pkfg;sA vkb;s dqN lcls vke nks"kksa ds
fo"k; esa tkusaA
uy
ty vkiwfrZ esa nks eq[; oLrq,¡ gksrh gSa & ikbi ykbu vkSj uyA ;fn ikbi ykbu
esa [kjkch gS ;k fjl jgh gks rc vki fjlus okys LFkku ij diM+k cka/k dj vLFkkbZ
:i ls gh Bhd dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu LFkkbZ :i ls Bhd djus ds fy;s vkidks
uylkt dks cqykuk iM+sxkA Vidrs gq;s uyksa dks vki Lo;a Hkh Bhd dj ldrs gSaA
uyksa esa lkekU;r;k ,d gh nks"k vkrk gS vkSj og gS tc uy Vidus yxrk gSA blds
fy;s vkidks fuEu izfØ;k djuh pkfg,A
fVIi.kh
fp=k 30-2 okW'kj dks cnyuk
(a) lcls igys eq[; vkiwfrZ okys uy dks can djds ikuh dh vkiwfrZ dks
jksd nsaA
(b) gSaM Oghy@pdjh ds isap [kksy nsaA
(c) ,d ckj VksaVh fudy tk;s rks vki okW'kj gSaxj dks fudky ysaA blds fy;s
vkidks nks jsapksa dh vko';drk gksxh & ,d uy ds fupys fgLls dks idM+us ds
fy;s vkSj nwljk Åijh fgLls ds isap fudkyus ds fy;sA fupys fgLls esa [kjksaps
u iM+sa blfy;s vkidks iSM okyk jsap iz;ksx djuk pkfg;sA
(d) iqjkus okW'kj dks cny dj u;k okW'kj yxk ysa vkSj uy dh VksaVh okil yxk nsaA
(e) uy can dj nsa] VksaVh dks vius LFkku ij yxkdj mldh pdjh dks Hkh yxk ysaA
¶y'k djus okyk flLVuZ
blds j[kj[kko ds fy;s igys vkidks bldh dk;Z 'kSyh ds fo"k; esa tkuuk gksxkA
x`g foKku
39
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
fVIi.kh
tc yhoj uhps [khapk tkrk gS] rc ?kaVh ds vkdkj okyh bdkbZ mBdj ikbi esa ikuh
dks izos'k djus nsrh gSA ikuh ds ikbi esa vkrs gh [kkyh LFkku cu tkrk gS] tks Vadh
ls vkSj vf/kd ikuh [khaprk gS vkSj mls uhps Qsadrk gSA ;g izfØ;k rc rd tkjh
jgrh gS tc rd Vadh dk lkjk ikuh lekIr ugha gks tkrkA tSls gh ikuh dk Lrj
de gks tkrk gS] xsan@¶yksV okYo uhps gks tkrk gS vkSj izos'k okYo dks [kksy nsrk gS
rkfd ikuh fQj ls Vadh esa Hkjuk 'kq: gks tk;A tc ikuh dk Lrj fu/kkZfjr Lrj rd
vk tkrk gS rks xsan okYo Åij gks dj izos'k okYo cUn dj nsrk gSA rc Vadh esa ikuh
vkuk cUn gks tkrk gSA vc flLVuZ fQj ls iz;ksx ds fy;s rS;kj gks tkrk gSA
bl ra=k esa dkSu dkSu ls nks"k vk ldrs gSa\ vkb;s] muesa ls dqN nks"kksa dks vkSj ;g
Hkh tkusa fd mUgsa fdl izdkj nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSaA
(a) izos'k okYo ds okW'kj esa dqN leL;k vk ldrh gSA bls uy dh gh Hkk¡fr
lq/kkjk tk ldrk gSA
(b) dbZ ckj ikuh esa v'kq)rk ds dkj.k okWYo dl tkrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa bls
[kksydj lkQ fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
(c) ikuh dh v'kqf);ka Vadh ds rys esa cSB tkrh gSa vkSj ckWy dks mfpr :i ls cSBus
esa ck/kk Mkyrh gSaA blls cpus ds fy;s Vadh dh fu;fer :i ls lQkbZ dh
tkuh pkfg;sA
(d) izos'k okWYo dh dk;Z iz.kkyh] ckWy okYo ls fu;fU=kr gksrh gSA ;fn ckWy [kjkc
gks tk, rks ;g ikuh ds Lrj ds lkFk mB ugha ikrhA ,slh fLFkfr esa vkidks ckWy
gh cnyuh iM+sxhA
fØ;kdyki 30.3
vius ?kj esa fuEu dks cnyus dk vH;kl djsaA
(1) fctyh dk ¶;wt
(2) fctyh dh izsl dk rhu fiu Iyx
(3) uy dk okW'kj
ikBxr iz'u 30-2
(1) xhrk us vius midj.kksa esa fuEu nks"k ik;s gSaA lgh dkj.k <wa<us esa mldh
40
lgk;rk dfj;sA
(a) fctyh dk ¶;wt
(b) vkokt djrk gqvk ia[kk
(c) ia[kk cgqr /khek pyrk gS
(d) Vidrk uy
(e) ikuh ds Lrj c<+us ds lFk flLVuZ dk ckWy okYo mBrk ugha gS vkSj ikuh
cgus yxrk gSA
x`g foKku
ekWM~;wy - 6A
Hkou dk j[kj[kko
x`g O;oLFkk
ikBakr iz'u
(1)
?kj ij fuEu ds j[kj[kko ds fy;s lq>ko nhft;sA
(a) dkyhu
(b) ydM+h dh lrg
(c) ihry
(d) dkap dh f[kM+fd;ka
(e) csar dh dqlhZ
(f) dkW;j dk dkyhu
fVIi.kh
ikBxr iz'uksa ds mÙkj
30-1 1. (a) iv
(b) ii
(c) vi
(d) ii
(e) iii
2. (i) xeZ ikuh vkSj fMVtsZaV ls Åij ls uhps dh vksj Liat dh lgk;rk
ls /kks nhft;s lkQ ikuh ls /kks MkysaA
(ii) xeZ ikuh vkSj fMVtsZaV ls /kks nsaA uhacw jxM+saA
(iii) dksbZ Hkh fpdukbZ vo'kks"kd ¼VSYde ikmMj] pksdj vkfn½ yxk;saA
dqN le; ckn /kks nsaA
(iv) ikuh vkSj fMVtsZaVA ;fn t:jr gks rks jsxeky ;k gYds ,flM ls
lkQ djsaA rqjar /kks,aA
(v) FkksM+h lh /kkrw dh ikWfy'k jxM+saA gYds fMVtsZaV ls /kks,aA
30-2 (a) rhoz fo|qr izokg ds dkj.k dV vkmV dk rkj fi?ky tkrk gSA
(b) f?kls fc;fjax
(c) dSisflVj dks cnyus dh vko';drk gSA
(d) okW'kj dks cnys tkus dh vko';drk gSA
(e) ckWy okYo [kjkc ;k VwVk gks ldrk gSA
x`g foKku
41