ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
27
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
fVIi.kh
ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd iz;ksx djrs jgus ls oL=kksa ij eSy te tkrk gSA oL=kksa dks yEcs
le; rd mi;ksx djus ds fy;s] gesa mUgsa fu;fer :i ls /kksdj] lq[kkdj] bL=kh
djds iguuk gksxkA vr% gekjs fy;s vius oL=kksa dh ns[kHkky djuk vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ
gSA
vki ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd lHkh diM+ksa dks ,d gh izdkj ls ugha /kks;k tk ldrkA dqN
diM+ksa dks /kksus ds fy;s xeZ rks dqN diM+ksa dks BaMs ikuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
blh izdkj /kksus ds ckn dqN diM+ksa dks lq[kkus ds fy;s ;k rks rkj ij Mkyk tkrk
gS rks dqN dks lery tehu ijA bldk vFkZ gS] fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds diM+ksa dks /
kksrs le; fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dh ns[kHkky dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
vkb;s ns[ksa ;g fof/k;ka D;k gSa vkSj fdl izdkj fHkUu&fHkUu oL=kksa dh ns[kHkky dh
tkuh pkfg;sA
mn~ns';
bl ikB dks i<+us ds i'pkr vki fuEufyf[kr dj ldsaxs%
diM+ksa dh ns[kjs[k dh vko';drk dk mYys[k rFkk /kqykbZ o MªkbDyhfuax esa
varj(
/kqykbZ ds vk/kkjHkwr pj.kksa dh O;k[;k(
lkcqu] fMVtsZaV o vU; lgk;d lkexzh dk lwphdj.k o muds mi;ksx dh
O;k[;k(
fofHkUu izdkj ds oL=kksa ls nkx NqM+kus dh fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu(
/kqykbZ dh fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dk rFkk oL=k ds vuqlkj muds p;u dk o.kZu(
diM+ksa dk Hk.Mkj.k djrs le; /;ku esa j[kus ;ksX; lko/kkfu;ka(
MªkbDyhfuax izfØ;k dh O;k[;kA
x g foKku
217
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
27.1 diM+ksa dh ns[k js[k
fVIi.kh
lcls igys gesa ;g tkuuk gksxk fd diM+ksa dh ns[kjs[k D;ksa vko';d gSA ge lHkh
tkurs gSa fd tc ge diM+s igurs gSa rc os /kwy] fpdukbZ] ilhus bR;kfn ds dkj.k
xans gks tkrs gSaA ;fn ;g xanxh diM+s ij yxh jgs rks diM+k Hkík yxrk gSA xans
diM+s detksj Hkh gks tkrs gSa o mu ij nkx /kCcs iM+ tkrs gSaA lw[kh xanxh dks >kM+
ij gVk;k tk ldrk gS ysfdu fpdukbZ ;qDr xanxh dks gVku ds fy;s fo'ks"k i)fr
dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
27.2 /kqykbZ dk vFkZ
geesa ls T;knkrj yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd /kqykbZ dk vFkZ flQZ diM+ksa dk /kksuk gSA
ijUrq okLro esa /kqykbZ ds vUrxZr /kksuk] lq[kkuk o mldh ifjlTtk dh izfØ;k Hkh
'kkfey gSA
diM+ksa dks /kksuk] lq[kkuk vkSj mudh ifjlTtk djuk gh /kqykbZ gSA
MªkbDyhfuax
dqN diM+ksa dks /kks;k ugha tk ldrkA budh lQkbZ foyk;d@fpdukbZ vo'kks"kdksa
}kjk dh tkrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] bu diM+ksa dh /kqykbZ ikuh ds iz;ksx ds fcuk dh
tkrh gS D;ksafd ikuh ls bu diM+ksa o muds jaxksa dks gkfu igq¡p ldrh gSA vkidks
bl ikB ds var esa MªkbDyhfuax ds fo"k; esa vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh nh tk;sxhA
27-2-1 /kqykbZ ds pj.k
?kj ij /kqykbZ djrs le; diM+ksa dks fuEu vk/kkj ij vyx djrs gSa tSls]
jaxhu@lQsn] lwrh@Åuh@js'keh] de xank@T+;knk xank] bR;kfnA
,slk blfy;s djrs gSa fd vki tkurs gSa fd lc izdkj ds oL=kksa dks ,d lkFk ugha
/kks;k tk ldrkA /kqykbZ dks vf/kd O;ofLFkr djus ds fy;s dqN izkjfEHkd rS;kfj;ka
/kqykbZ ls iwoZ gh dh tkrh gSaA ;g fuEufyf[kr gSa&
¼1½ ejEer djuk & /kqyus okys oL=kksa dh lko/kkuhiwoZd igys tk¡p dj ysa fd
dgha ij oL=k QVk rks ugha gS ;k dksbZ cVu <hyk rks ugha gSA ;fn ,slk gS
rks QVs Hkkx dks flydj o VwVs ;k <hys cVu dks yxkus ds ckn gh /kqykbZ
djsaA D;k vki crk ldrs gSa] D;ksa\
¼2½ /kCck NqM+kuk & ;fn eSy ds vfrfjDr vkids oL=k ij dksbZ nkx ;k /kCck gS
rks mUgsa igys NqM+k yhft;sA vU;Fkk og ;k rks QSy tk;sxk ;k iDdk gks
tk;sxk vkSj fQj og nkx vU; oL=kksa ij Hkh yx ldrk gSA
218
x g foKku
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
fp=k 27-1: /kCcs NqM+kuk
¼3½ diM+ksa dh NaVkbZ & oL=kksa dks muds rUrqvksa ds vk/kkj ij vyx dj yhft;s]
tSls lwrh] Åuh o js'keh o ekuo fufeZr oL=kksa dks vyx o lQsn o jaxhu
oL=kksa dks i`Fkd gh /kksuk pkfg;sA blds vykok dqN vR;f/kd xans oL=k tSls
>kM+u vkfn dks Hkh vyx gh /kksuk mfpr gSA
¼4½ fHkxksuk & D;k vki /kksus ls igys
vius oL=kksa dks fHkxksrs gSa\ fHkxksus
ls eSy Qwy tkrk gS vkSj /kksus ij
vklkuh ls fudy tkrk gSA ijUrq
lHkh izdkj ds oL=kksa dks fHkxksus
dh vko';drk ugha iM+rh gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s] ftu oL=kksa ds
jax iDds ugha gSa] mUgsa fHkxksuk ugha
pkfg;sA Åuh oL=kksa dks Hkh fHkxks;k
ugha tkrk D;ksafd fHkxksus ls Åuh
oL=k tqM+ tkrs gSaA
¼5½ /kqykbZ & vc oL=kksa dks mfpr
fp=k 27-2: diM+ksa dks fHkxksuk
fMVtsZaV@lkcqu vkSj lgh /kqykbZ
dh fof/k ls /kks;k tkrk gSA blds fo"k; esa vki foLrkj ls ikB ds var esa
i<+saxsA /kqykbZ dh izfØ;k oL=kksa ls eSy NqM+kus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA
fp=k 27-3: [kaxkyuk
x g foKku
¼6½ [kaxkyuk & oL=kksa ls lkcqu@fMVtsZaV ;k
jklk;fud inkFkksZa dks fudky fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA
vr% diM+ksa dks LoPN ty esa 2 ls 4 ckj
[kaxkyk tkrk gSA njvly tc rd lkjk
lkcqu@fMVtsZaV fudy u tk;s rc rd diM+ksa
dks [kaxkyuk pkfg;sA
219
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
¼7½ dyQ yxkuk o uhy yxkuk & ;fn diM+ksa ij ekaM ;k dyQ yxkus dh
vko';drk gS rks mUgsa LVkpZ ;k dyQ fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA blds vfrfjDr
diM+ksa dh lQsnh cuk, j[kus ds fy;s mUgsa uhy yxkuk Hkh vko';d gSA
bldh foLr`r O;k[;k vxys Hkkx esa dh tk;sxhA
fVIi.kh
¼8½ lq[kkuk & laHkor;k vki tkurs gksaxs fd diM+ksa dks lq[kkus ds Hkh fHkUu rjhds
gSaA lQsn diM+s /kwi esa o jaxhu diM+s Nk;k esa lq[kk;s tkrs gSaA js'keh diM+s]
lQsn ;k jaxhu] Nk;k esa lq[kk, tkrs gSaA flaFksfVd oL=k gSaxj ij] Nk;k esa
lq[kkus pkfg, rFkk Åuh oL=k Nk;k esa]
lery tehu ij lq[kk;s tkrs gSaA
¼9½ bL=kh djuk & /kqykbZ dk vafre pj.k bL=kh
djuk gSA diM+ksa ij bL=kh Hkh mudh izÑfr
ds vuqlkj dh tkrh gSA diM+ksa ij ikuh
fNM+dk tkrk gS vkSj xeZ bL=kh dh lgk;rk
ls mu ij izSl dh tkrh gSA js'keh diM+ksa
ij ueh jgrs gq;s gh xeZ bL=kh dh tkrh
gSA ekuo fufeZr oL=kksa o js;kWu ij e/;e
xeZ bfLrjh dh tkrh gSA Åuh oL=kksa ds
Åij ,d xhyk eyey dk diM+k fcNkus
ds ckn gh bL=kh dh tkrh gSA
fp=k 27-4: bL=kh djuk
ikBxr iz'u 27-1
1-
fuEu ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,&
¼i½ diM+ksa dh NaVkbZ
¼ii½ /kqykbZ o [kaxkyuk
¼iii½ bL=kh djuk
27.3 fMVts±V
fMVts±V og mRikn gS tks LoPN djus esa l{ke gSA fMVts±V nks izdkj ds gks ldrs
gSa&lkcqu vkSj flUMsV~lA
¼a½ lkcqu dks izkÑfrd rsy@olk vkSj ekse dks feykdj izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
¼b½ flUMsV og lQkbZ lkexzh gS tks jlk;uksa dks la'ysf"kr djds cuk;h tkrh gSA
viuh fnup;kZ esa vkius lkcqu dk iz;ksx vo'; fd;k gksxkA vkius lkcqu ds
fofHkUu xq.kksa dk voyksdu fd;k gksxkA lkcqu ,d vPNh lQkbZ lkexzh gSA ijarq
220
x g foKku
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
D;k vki tkurs gSa fd flUMsV lkcqu ls Hkh vPNk gksrk gS\ nksuksa gh izdkj dh lQkbZ
lkexzh diM+s ij ikuh ds izos'k dks lqxe cukrh gS D;ksafd buds iz;ksx ls ikuh dk
lrg ruko de gks tkrk gSA
ijarq lkcqu vkSj flUMsV~l esa dqN varj Hkh gSa ;s varj gSa&
¼i½ lkcqu diM+s dks ikuh ls tYnh xhyk djrs gSa ijarq flUMsV mlls Hkh
vf/kd rRijrk ls dk;Z djrs gSaA
¼ii½ vkius ;g Hkh ns[kk gksxk fd lkcqu xeZ ikuh esa] BaMs ikuh dh vis{kk tYnh
/kqyrk gS ijarq flUMsV BaMs o xeZ ikuh esa ,d leku gh ?kqyrs gSaA
¼iii½ flUMsV dBksj ikuh esa Hkh vPNh /kqykbZ djrs gSa tcfd lkcqu flQZ e`nq ikuh esa
gh vPNk >kx cukrs gSaA
¼iv½ lkcqu dh viuh fof'k"V xa/k ugha gksrh ijarq flUMsV dh vPNh lqxa/k gksrh gSA
vr% flUMsV esa /kqys diM+s vPNs o [kq'kcwnkj yxrs gSaA
¼v½ lkcqu ls /kqykbZ ds i'pkr lQsn diM+ksa ij uhy yxkus dh vko';drk iM+rh
gSA tcfd flUMsV esa uhy vkSj lQsnh c<+kus okys rÙo igys ls gh feys gksrs
gSaA
¼vi½ vkius ns[kk gksxk fd lkcqu dh dqN /kqykb;ksa ds ckn diM+s Qhds o fu"izHk
fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa D;ksafd diM+ksa ij ls lkcqu ds va'k /kqykbZ ls fudy ugha ikrsA
flUMsV bl izdkj ds dksbZ Hkh va'k ugha NksM+rk vr% /kqyus ds ckn diM+s cstku
ugha fn[krsA
¼vii½ lkcqu flUMsV dh rqyuk esa lLrs gksrs gSaA ijarq ;fn lkcqu ls /kqykbZ ds ckn
diM+s Qhds o cstku fn[krs gSa rks lLrs lkcqu ls FkksM+k eagxk flUMsV gh vPNk
gSA
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
fp=k 27.5 diM+ksa ls xanxh gVuk
ikBxr iz'u 27-2
uhps fy[ks rF;ksa dks lgh ¼√½ ;k xyr ¼X½ fpfg~ur dhft;s vkSj xyr rF;ksa
dk lgh mÙkj crkb;sA
x g foKku
1-
221
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
i½
lkcqu o flUMsV nksuksa fMVts±V gSaA
ii½
lQkbZ lkexzh ds fy;s dPpk eky izkÑfrd gksrk gSA
iii½ lkcqu dh vis{kk flUMsV esa oL=kksa esa izos'k djus dh {kerk vf/kd gksrh gSA
iv½ flUMsV ds iz;ksx ls oL=k Qhds o cstku fn[krs gSaA
fVIi.kh
27.4 lgk;d lkexzh
lkcqu vkSj flUMsV ls diM+s /kksus ds i'pkr vki D;k djrs gSa\ lQsn lwrh diM+ksa
dh lQsnh cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s vki D;k djrs gSa\ lwrh diM+ksa dks dM+d cukus ds
fy;s vki D;k djrs gSa\ flYd dks pj[k p<+kus ds fy;s D;ksa Hkstrs gSa\ ;g Li"V
gS fd lQkbZ lkexzh ds vfrfjDr dqN vU; phtsa Hkh gSa tks /kqykbZ ds le; diM+ksa
dks u;k thou nsus ds fy;s vR;ko';d gSaA ,slh vU; phtsa gh lgk;d lkexzh
dgykrh gSaA D;k vki /kqykbZ ds fy;s vko';d lgk;d lkexzh dks ifjHkkf"kr dj
ldrs gSa\ bldh ifjHkk"kk fuEu izdkj ls gS&
/kqykbZ dh izfØ;k esa lQkbZ lkexzh ds vfrfjDr oL=kksa dks vPNh ifjlTtk
nsus ds fy;s iz;qDr mRikn lgk;d lkexzh dgykrk gSA
D;k vki /kqykbZ izfØ;k esa dke vkus okyh dqN lgk;d lkexzh dh lwph cuk ldrs
gSa\ ;s gSa&
uhy
vkWfIVdy czkbVfuax ,tsaUV ¼O.B.A½ ;k lQsnh nsus okys rÙo
nkx NqM+kus okys inkFkZ
dM+d djus okys inkFkZ
D;k vkius dHkh /;ku fn;k gS fd 2&3 ckj dh /kqykbZ ds ckn vkids lQsn lwrh
o fyuu ds diM+s ihys iM+us yxrs gSaA diM+s ds ihysiu dks de djus ds fy;s vki
uhy dk bLrseky djrs gSaA vkidks crk nsa fd lQsnh cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s uhy ds
vfrfjDr vki fojatd o ped ykus okys inkFkZ Hkh iz;ksx esa yk ldrs gSaA
oL=kksa dk ihykiu fuEu }kjk nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
uhy
222
vks- ch- ,¼vkWfIVdy czkbVfuax ,tsUV½
fojatd
x g foKku
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
¼a½ uhy
uhy ,d izdkj dk inkFkZ gS tks diM+ksa esa lQsnh ykus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA ;g jlk;u] ouLifr vkSj [kfut lzksrksa ls izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
ckt+kj esa ;g ikmMj o rjy nksuksa gh :iksa esa feyrk gSA uhy dbZ izdkj ds
gksrs gSa vkSj muds jax cSaxuh ls uhys vkSj uhys gjs rd gksrs gSaA tc Hkh uhy
yxkuk gks&
1-
bldks vkf[kjh ckj [kaxkyus ls igys yxkb,A
2-
uhy dks ikuh esa vPNh rjg feykus ds ckn gh mlesa diM+s Mkyus
pkfg;sA ,slk djus ls diM+s ij uhy ds /kCcs ugha iM+saxs vkSj diM+s ij
,d leku uhy yxsxkA mnkgj.k ds fy;s vYVªkeSjhu uhy vkSj izf'k;u
uhyA
fVIi.kh
¼b½ lQsnh nsus okys rÙo&vkWfIVdy czkbVfuax ,tsUV@¶yksjkslsUV czkbVfuax
,tsUV ¼OBA'S/FBA'S½
D;k vkius fdlh flUMsV ds iSdsV ij fy[ks inkFkks± dh lwph i<+h gS\ vkidks
ml ij vks-ch-,- ;k ,Q-ch-,- fy[kk fn[kkbZ nsxkA ckt+kj esa vki vks-ch-,- Hkh
ekax ldrs gSaA ;s dbZ izfl) czkaM ukeksa ls ckt+kj esa miyC/k gSaA
vks-ch-,- ,d izdkj dh jaxghu Mkb ;k jax gSA ;s ¶yksjkslsUV dEikmUM gksrs gSa
tks diM+ksa ij yxkdj /kwi esa lq[kk, tkus ij cgqr pednkj jax nsrs gSaA
vks-ch-,- izdk'k dks vYV kª okbysV {ks=k ls xzg.k djrs gSa vkSj mls n`'; {ks=k
¼foftcy {ks=k½ esa ijkofrZr dj nsrs gSaA ;g ijkofrZr izdk'k vius esa ihysiu dk
fojks/k djus dh {kerk j[krk gS vkSj diM+s dh lQsnh dks vkSj c<+k nsrk gSA diM+s
lQsn ls Hkh vf/kd lQsn fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA blesa dksbZ jklk;fud izfrfØ;k ugha gksrh
vr% diM+s ij fdlh izdkj dk gkfudkjd izHkko ugha iM+rkA
¼c½ jklk;fud fojatd & vkius Vh-oh- ij fojatd ds dbZ foKkiu ns[ks gksaxsA
D;k vki tkurs gSa ;g D;k gS\ bldh lajpuk D;k gS\ vkSj ;g fdl izdkj
diM+ksa dks vf/kd lQsn o pedhyk cukrk gS\ fojatd dks ge bl izdkj
ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSa&
fojatd dksbZ Hkh ,slk inkFkZ ;k feJ.k gS tks jklk;fud fØ;k }kjk diM+s dks
lQsn o pednkj cukrk gSA ;g fØ;k vkWDlhMkbftax ;k fjM~;wflax gks
ldrh gSA
fojatd diM+s ij ls jaxhu inkFkZ gVkus esa enn djrs gSaA ;g nkx NqM+kus okys
rÙoksa ds :i esa iz;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSaA
x g foKku
223
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fojatd nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
¼a½ vkWfDlMkftax fojatd
¼b½ fjM~;wflax fojatd
¼a½ vkWfDlMkbftax fojatd
fVIi.kh
bl rjg ds fojatd ,d LFkkbZ izHkko NksM+rs gSaA ;s eq[; :i ls ouLifr js'ks ds
oL=kksa tSls lwrh o fyusu ij bLrseky fd;s tkrs gSaA vkWfDlMkbftax Cyhp ds
mnkgj.k gSa&
1-
/kwi & nkx NqM+kus dk ;g lcls iqjkuk o ljy mik; gS] nkx dks xhyk dfj;s
vkSj ?kkl ij QSyk nhft;sA DyksjksfQy] ueh vkSj gok dh vkWDlhtu nkx dks
lkQ dj nsrs gSaA
2-
tkosy ty ¼lksfM;e gkbiksDyksjkbV½ & bl izdkj ds Cyhp dks iz;ksx djus
ls igys ikuh feykdj gYdk dj nsuk pkfg;sA diM+ksa dks rc rd Cyhp esa
j[kk tkrk gS tc rd /kCck NwV u tk;sA iqu% diM+s dks vPNh rjg ikuh esa
[kaxky ysuk pkfg;s ftlls diM+s ij cps gq;s Cyhp ds va'k iwjh rjg ls
fudy tk;sa vkSj diM+s dks gkfu u igq¡pk ldsaA
3-
iksVsf'k;e ijeaSxusV vkSj vkWDlWfyd vEy & ;g jax] QaQwnh] ilhus vkSj
L;kgh ds /kCcksa dks NqM+kus ds dke vkrk gSA Hkwjs jax ds tax vkSj iku ds /kCcs]
tks fdlh Hkh dkj.k diM+s ij iM+ ldrs gSa] vkWDlsfyd vEy o iksVsf'k;e
ijeSaxusV ds feJ.k ;k dsoy vkWDlsfyd vEy ls gh NwV ikrs gSaA
4-
gkbMªkstu&ij&vkWDlkbM& ;g ouLifrd o tkUro nksuksa izdkj ds rUrqvksa ij
iz;ksx fd;k tkus okyk vke fojatd gSA vr% ;g js'keh] Åuh o js;kWu ds
oL=kksa ds fy;s Hkh lqjf{kr gS D;ksafd tkUro js'kksa ij Hkh bldk gkfudkjd
izHkko ugha gksrkA gkbM ªkstu&ij&vkWDlkbM dks ges'kk xgjs jax dh cksryksa esa
j[kuk pkfg;s vU;Fkk mldk izHkko lekIr gksus yxrk gSA
¼b½ fjM~;wflax Cyhp
fjM~;wflax Cyhp] vkWDlhMkbftax Cyhp ls de izHkko'kkyh gksrk gS vkSj tkUro js'ks
tSls Åu o flYd ij iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s fojaatd diM+s ij LFkk;h izHkko ugha
NksM+rs gSaA Åu o flYd vDlj fjM~;wflax Cyhp yxkus ds ckn] gok ds lEidZ esa
vkus ls ihys iM+ tkrs gSaA ,slk blfy;s gksrk gS D;ksafd Åu o flYd tkUro js'ks
gSa vkSj mUgsa iw.kZr;k lQsn djus ds fy;s fjM~;wflax Cyhp dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
gok ds lEidZ esa vkrs gh diM+k ihyk iM+ tkrk gS vkSj Cyhp dk izHkko lekIr gks
tkrk gSA
224
x g foKku
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fjM~;wflax Cyhp ds mnkgj.k&
1-
lksfM;e gkbMªkslYQkbV
2-
lksfM;e ckblYQkbV
fVIi.kh
ikBxr iz'u 27-3
1-
uhps fy[ks oDrO;ksa dks lgh ;k xyr fpg~fur dhft;s vkSj xyr rF;ksa ds
lgh mÙkj crkb;sA
i½
ii½
2-
fojatu ds ckn diM+s dks [kaxkyuk ugha pkfg;s vkSj fojatd dks diM+s
ij gh jgus nsuk pkfg;sA
fojatd jklk;fud izfØ;k }kjk oL=kksa dks lQsn o jax dks gYdk djrk
gSA
iii½
/kwi o ueh diM+s ij fojatu dk izHkko NksM+rh gSA
iv½
lksfM;e ckblYQkbZV tkUro rUrqvksa ij iz;ksx djus ds fy;s lqjf{kr
gSA
fuEu okD;ksa ds fy;s ,d 'kCn crkb;sA
i)
,d jklk;fud feJ.k tks diM+s ls jaxhu inkFkZ gVkus dh {kerk j[krk
gS vkSj diM+ksa dks vf/kd lQsn o pednkj cukrk gSA
ii)
nkx /kCcs NqM+kus dk lcls iqjkuk o lLrk rjhdkA
iii)
diM+ksa ij ls Hkwjs jax dk nkx gVkus esa leFkZ fojatdA
iv)
,slk fojatd tks ouLifrd o tkUro nksuksa izdkj ds js'kksa ij lqj{kkRed
<ax ls iz;ksx fd;k tk ldsA
v)
'kq) lQsn Åu vkSj flYd le; ds lkFk bl fojatd ds dkj.k ihys
iM+ tkrs gSaA
27.5 nkx&/kCcs NqM+kuk
xanxh ds vfrfjDr diM+s ij dksbZ Hkh fu'kku] nkx ;k /kCck gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s
[kkuk [kkrs le; ;fn vpkj vkSj lCth vkidh deht ij fxj tk; ;k fy[krs
le; L;kgh fxj tk; ;k njokts ij yxk gqvk xhys isUV diM+ksa ij yx tk;] rks
,sls fu'kkuksa dks /kCcs ;k nkx dgrs gSaA ;fn budks diM+ksa ij yEcs le; rd yxk
jgus nsa rks ;s oL=k Hkn~ns yxrs gSaA
nkx dks dSls igpkusa
nkx NqM+kus ds fy;s dkSu lh fof/k viukbZ tk;sxh ;g fuf'pr djus ls igys] nkx
x g foKku
225
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
dh igpku djuk cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSA blds fy;s fuEu
ij fopkj djuk vko';d gSA
a½
jax & gj /kCcs dk ,d fo'ks"k jax gksrk gSA mnkgj.k
ds fy;s lCth ;k vpkj ds nkx ihys gksrs gSa
tcfd dkWQh vkSj pk; ds nkx Hkwjs o ?kkl ds
/kCcs gjs gksrs gSaA
b½
xa/k & dqN /kCcksa dh fo'ks"k xa/k gksrh gSA mnkgj.k
ds fy;s v.Ms vkSj isaV ds /kCcsA bu /kCcksa dks
budh xa/k ls igpkuk tk ldrk gSA
fVIi.kh
c½
fp=k 27.6
Li'kZ & dqN /kCcs diM+ksa dk Li'kZ ifjofrZr dj nsrs gSa vkSj blh vk/kkj ij
mUgsa igpkuk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s isUV vkSj pk'kuh ds nkx diM+s
dks Li'kZ djus esa dM+s yxrs gSaA tcfd fyifLVd o twrs dh ikWfy'k ds nkx
diM+s dks fpduk Li'kZ nsrs gSaA
fØ;kdyki 27-1 & diM+s ds 2''@2'' ds VqdM+ksa ij fyifLVd] usyikWfy'k]
L;kgh] twrs dh ikWfy'k] lCth] vpkj] nw/k] jDr vkfn ds nkx yxkb, vkSj
fQj mUgsa muds jax] xa/k] o Li'kZ ds vk/kkj ij igpkfu;sA vius fu"d"kksZa
dks fuEu Vscy cukdj fjdkWMZ dfj;sA
rkfydk 27-1
Ø0la0
¼1½
¼2½
fujh{k.k
/kCck
jax
---------------------------------------xa/k
---------------------------------------Li'kZ
---------------------------------------jax
------------------------------------xa/k
------------------------------------Li'kZ
----------------------------------------
226
x g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
/kCcksa dks fuEu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj foHkktu ds vk/kkj ij
izR;sd lewg ls /kCcw NqM+k;s tk ldrs gSaA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ouLifr /kCcs & tSls lCth] pk; o dkWQh dsA
tkUro /kCcs & tSls nw/k o jDr dsA
fpdukbZ ds /kCcs & tSls vpkj] lCth o twrs dh ikWfy'k dsA
?kkl ds /kCcsA
vU; izdkj ds /kCcs tSls jax] vkfn dsA
fVIi.kh
27-5-2 nkx NqM+kus dh fof/k;ka
fp=k 27-7: fHkxksdj
fp=k 27-9: cwan Mkydj
fp=k 27-8: Liat dh lgk;rk ls
fp=k 27-10: Hkki }kjk
27-5-3 nkx NqM+krs le; lko/kkfu;ka
/kCcksa dks cgqr lko/kkuhiwoZd NqM+kuk pkfg;sA ;fn dqN vko';d lko/kkfu;ka ugha
x g foKku
227
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
cjrh xbZa rks diM+s dks {kfr igq¡p ldrh gSA vr% tc Hkh nkx NqM+kuk gks fuEu
lko/kkfu;ka vo'; cjrsa&
12-
fVIi.kh
34-
56-
789-
/kCck
tgk¡ rd laHko gks nkx dks rkt+k gh NqM+k ysaA
diM+s dks igpkuus dh dksf'k'k djsa fd diM+k lwrh] js'keh Åuh ;k flaFksfVd
gSA
nkx dks Hkh igpkusaA
vKkr /kCcksa ds fy;s igys nkx NqM+kus dh ljyre fof/k;ksa ls izkjEHk djsa vkSj
mlds i'pkr gh tfVy fof/k dks viuk,aA /kCcs dks ges'kk igys BaMs ikuh ls
/kks,a] D;ksafd jDr o vaMs ds /kCcs dks xeZ ikuh iDdk cuk nsrk gS vkSj fQj mUgsa
NqM+kus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gSA
/kCcs NqM+kus ds fy;s iz;qDr jlk;uksa dks diM+ksa ds fy;s gkfudkjd ugha gksuk
pkfg;sA
dksey vkSj jaxhu diM+ksa ij jlk;u dks igys diM+s ds ,d NksVs ls fgLls ij
yxkdj nsf[k;sA ;fn diM+s dks uqdlku igqqaprk gS rks jlk;u dk iz;ksx u
djsaA
dBksj vfHkdeZd ds ,d gh ckj iz;ksx djus dh vis{kk e`nq vfHkdeZd ds iz;ksx
dks ckj&ckj nksgjk,aA
/kCcs NqM+kus ds ckn lHkh izdkj ds oL=kksa dks lkcqu o ikuh ls vo'; [kaxkysa
rkfd jlk;uksa ds va'k oL=k ls iw.kZr;k fudy tk;saA
diM+ksa dks /kwi esa lq[kk;sa D;ksafd lw;Z dk izdk'k izkÑfrd fojatd dk dk;Z
djrk gSA
rkfydk 27-2 /kCcs NqM+kus dh fof/k;ka
lQsn lwrh
oL=k
pk; o rktk /kCck
dkWQh mcyrk gqvk
xeZ ikuh
/kCcs ij Mkysa
¼2 di ikuh$
1@2 pk; dk
pEep cksjsDl½
iqjkuk /kCck
/kCcs dks
fXyljhu esa
Mqcks;sa
228
jaxhu lwrh
oL=k
js'keh o Åuh
oL=k
flUFksfVd@ikWfy,LVj
@ukbykWu@,fØfyd
xeZ ikuh esa
o cksjsDl esa
fHkxks;sa
jaxhu lwrh
oL=k tSls
jaxhu lwrh
oL=k tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=k tSls
/kCcs ij
gkbMªkstu&ij
vkWDlkbM dk
?kksy Mkysa
vkSj gYds
gkFkksa ls jxM+sa
xeZ ikuh esa
lksfM;e ijcksjsV
dh cwans Mkysa vkSj
Mqcks;s j[ksa tc
rd /kCck NwV
u tk; x g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
/kCck
lQsn lwrh
oL=k
jDr
rktk /kCck
vaMk o
ekal
BaMs ikuh vkSj
lkcqu ls /kks;sa
iqjkuk /kCck
ued ds
ikuh ls /kks,a
¼2 cM+s pEep
ued $ 1@2
ckYVh ikuh½
?kh]
eD[ku]
rsy]
lCth
rktk /kCck
/kCck xeZ ikuh
vkSj lkcqu
ls /kks,a
iqjkuk /kCck
lkcqu o ikuh
dk isLV cuk,a
vkSj /kCcs ij
yxk;saA
/kCcs dks
/kwi esa j[ksa
tc rd fd
NwV u tk;
jaxhu lwrh
oL=k
js'keh o Åuh
oL=k
flUFksfVd@ikWfy,LVj
@ukbykWu@,fØfyd
lQsn lwrh
oL=k tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=k tSls
lQsn lwrh oL=k
tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=k tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=k tSls
lQsn lwrh oL=k
tSls
lwrh oL=k
tSls
xquxqus ikuh o
lkcqu ls
/kks,a
js'keh o
Åuh oL=kksa
tSls
lwrh oL=kksa
tSls ijarq
/kCcs] /kwi
esa ugha lq[kk;sa
lwrh oL=kksa
tSls ijUrq
Nk;k esaA
e`nq lkcqu
iz;ksx djsa
Åu vkSj
flYd tSls
fVIi.kh
uksV% tc /kCck rkt+k gks rks /kCcs ij VsYde ikmMj fNM+dsa vkSj dqN ?kaVksa ds fy;s
NksM+ nsaA ikmMj dks >kM+ nsaA ;g fof/k /kCcs NqM+kus esa enn djrh gS vkSj gj izdkj
ds diM+ksa ds fy;s mi;ksx esa yk;h tk ldrh gSA
rktk /kCck
isaV] twrs
dh
ikWfy'k]
fyifLVd]
ckWy isu]
usy
ikWfy'k
x g foKku
/kCcs dh
lQsn lwrh
vfrfjDr ek=kk oL=kksa tSls
dks [kqjp dj
fudky nsaA
gYds gkFk ls
feV~Vh ds rsy
;k fLifjV ls
eysaA
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
229
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
iqjkus /kCcksa
ds fy;s
Åij fy[kh
fof/k dks 2
;k 3 ckj
nksgjk,aA
fVIi.kh
?kkl
rktk /kCck
lkcqu vkSj
ikuh ls
/kks,aA
iqjkuk /kCck
/kCcs dks
feFkkbysVsM
fLifjV esa
Mqcks;sa
iku
/kCck
esgUnh
rktk /kCck
/kCcs ij
I;kt dk
isLV cukdj
/kwi esa
j[k nsa
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lwrh oL=kksa
jaxhu lwrh
tSls] ij Nk;k oL=kksa tSls
esa lq[kk;saA
jaxhu lwrh
oL=kksa
tSls
iqjkus /kCcs
Åij fy[kh fof/k lQsn
dks 2-3 ckj nksgjk,a lwrh oL=kksa
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
rktk /kCck
xquxqus nw/k esa
vk/ks ?kaVs ds fy;s
fHkxks;sa
lwrh oL=kksa
tSls
jaxhu lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
jaxhu lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
iqjkus /kCcs
Åij fy[kh
fof/k dks 2 ;k 3
ckj nksgjk;sa
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
lQsn lwrh
oL=kksa tSls
;kn j[ksa] /kCcs fudkyus ds ckn diM+s dks vPNh rjg ls /kks ysa rkfd lHkh jlk;u
diM+s ij ls fudy tk,aA
230
x g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
ikBxr iz'u 27-4
fuEufyf[kr /kCcksa dks NqM+kus ds fy, izR;sd ds fy, nh x;h pkj fof/k;ksa esa ls lcls
mi;qDr fof/k dk p;u djsa&
¼i½
¼ii½
fVIi.kh
lQsn lwrh oL=k ij pk; dk /kCck &
¼a½ ued ds ikuh dk iz;ksx djsa
¼b½ fXyljhu esa fHkxks;sa
¼c½ uhacw ds jl esa fHkxks;sa
¼d½ mcyrk gqvk ikuh Mkysa
jaxhu lwrh oL=k ij ls [kwu dk iqjkuk /kCck&
¼a½ ued ds ikuh dk iz;ksx djsa
¼b½ fXyljhu esa fHkxks,a
¼c½ xeZ ikuh esa fHkxks,a
¼d½ xeZ ikuh o lkcqu ls /kks,a
¼iii½ fyifLVd dk /kCck&
¼a½ ued ds ikuh dk iz;ksx djsa
¼b½ fXyljhu esa fHkxks,a
¼c½ feFkkbysVsM fLifjV esa fHkxks,a
¼d½ xeZ ikuh vkSj lkcqu ls /kks,a
¼iv½ tax dk /kCck&
¼v½
¼a½ ued ds ikuh dk iz;ksx djsa
¼b½ uhacw dk jl o ued yxk,a
¼c½ feFkkbysVsM fLifjV esa fHkxks,a
¼d½ lkcqu vkSj BaMs ikuh ls /kks,a
js'keh diM+ksa ij eD[ku dk rktk nkx&
¼a½ BaMs ikuh ls /kks,a
¼b½ BaMs ikuh o lkcqu ls /kks,a
¼c½ ued yxk dj /kwi esa NksM+ nsa
¼d½ xeZ ikuh o lkcqu ls /kks,a
¼vi½ ikWfy,LVj oL=k ij usy ikWfy'k dk /kCck&
¼a½ feFkkbysfVM fLifjV esa fHkxks,a
¼b½ xeZ ikuh esa fHkxks,a
¼c½ B.Ms ikuh esa fHkxks,a
¼d½ xeZ ikuh o lkcqu esa fHkxks,a
¼vii½ Åuh oL=k ij L;kgh dk rktk /kCck
¼a½ BaMs ikuh o lkcqu ls /kks,a
¼b½ mcyrs ikuh o lkcqu ls /kks,a
¼c½ ued o uhacw dk jl yxk,a
¼d½ feFkkbysVsM fLifjV esa fHkxks,a
diM+ksa dh ejEer djus] /kCcs gVkus] o diM+s fHkxks;s tkus ds ckn gh okLrfod
/kqykbZ izkjEHk gksrh gSA vki tkurs gSa fd oL=kksa ds dqN [kkl fgLls tSls dQ o
dkWyj dks T+;knk jxM+us dh vko';drk gksrh gS D;ksafd os vf/kd xans gks tkrs gSaA
x g foKku
231
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
oL=kksa dh /kqykbZ djrs le; rUrqvksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa
dks /;ku esa j[kuk vko';d gSA D;k vkidks ;kn gS
fd lwrh oL=k Hkhxus ij et+cwr gks tkrs gSa tcfd
js;kWu ds diM+s Hkhxus ij det+ksj gks tkrs gSaA ;gh
dkj.k gS fd lwrh oL=kksa dks jxM+dj /kks;k tk
ldrk gS ij js;kWu ds oL=kksa dks gYds gkFk ls /kksuk
pkfg;sA Åuh o js'keh oL=kksa dks /kksrs le; Hkh fo'ks"k
ns[kHkky dh vko';drk gksrh gS D;ksafd ikuh esa
Åuh oL=kksa dk vkdkj [kjkc gks tkrk gS vkSj js'keh
oL=k det+ksj gks tkrs gSaA
vr% diM+ksa dks /kqykbZ dh fof/k dk p;u djrs le;
nks dkjdksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg;sA ;s gSa&
fp=k. 27.11
¼1½ oL=k fdruk eSyk gS] vkSj
¼2½ oL=k fdl izdkj dk gS tSls lwrh] js'keh] Åuh] js;kWu] uk;ykWu vkfnA
lkekU;r;k /kqykbZ fuEu izdkj ls dh tkrh gS&
¼i ½
?k"kZ.k /kqykbZ
¼ii½ pw"kd /kqykbZ ;k lD'ku /kqykbZ
¼iii½ elyuk
¼iv½ e'khu }kjk /kqykbZ
vkb;s vc bu fof/k;ksa dh foLrkj ls O;k[;k djsa %&
¼ i½
?k"kZ.k /kqykbZ
;g fof/k et+cwr oL=kksa tSls lwrh oL=kksa ds fy;s mi;qDr gSA ?k"kZ.k fuEu
izdkj ls iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
a½
gkFk }kjk & bldk eryc nksuksa gkFkksa ls t+ksj ls oL=kksa dks eyuk gksrk
gSA ;g cgqr eSys NksVh phtksa tSls NksVs diM+s] :eky vkfn ds fy;s
mi;qDr gksrh gSA bl fof/k }kjk lkcqu Hkh de yxrk gSA
b½ IykfLVd ds cz'k }kjk & eSys oL=k dks l[r lrg ij j[kdj cz'k dh
lgk;rk ls ?k"kZ.k fn;k tkrk gSA ;g ?kj esa iz;ksx gksus okys vR;f/kd
eSys oL=kksa tSls >kM+u vkfn dks lkQ djus ds fy;s iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gSA
c½
232
MaMs ls ihVuk & cM+s oL=kksa tSls fcLrj dh pknjsa bR;kfn dks /kksus ds
fy;s bl fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
x g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
¼ii½
lD'ku /kqykbZ
;g fof/k rkSfy;s vkfn dh /kqykbZ ds
fy;s iz;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gS D;ksafd ;s
oL=k Hkkjh o 'k;sankj gksrs gSaA jks;ksa ds
dkj.k bu oL=kksa ij cz'k ugha yxk;k
tk ldrkA
fVIi.kh
oL=k dks Vc esa lkcqu ds ?kksy esa
j[kdj] lD'ku ;aU=k nckdj ckj&ckj
Åij uhps fd;k tkrk gSA nckus ls
mRiUu 'kwU; ls eSy <hyk iM+ tkrk
gSA
fp=k 27.12: lD'ku /kqykbZ
¼iii½ elyuk
;g fof/k uktqd diM+ksa tSls flYd] Åuh]
js;kWu vkfn ds fy;s iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA bl
fof/k ls oL=kksa dks dqN gkfu ugha igqaprh vkSj
u gh mudk vkdkj [kjkc gksrk gS D;ksafd
cgqr gh gYds gkFkksa ls oL=kksa dks eyk tkrk
gSA
fp=k 27.13: elydj /kksuk
¼iv½ e'khu }kjk /kqykbZ
okWf'kax e'khu ,d Je cpkus dk midj.k
gS tks fo'ks"kdj cM+s laLFkkuksa ds fy;s
fp=k 27.14: okf'kax
mi;qDr gSA vktdy okWf'kax e'khu ?kj
e'khu }kjk /kqykbZ
ij Hkh iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA /kqykbZ dk
le; diM+ksa ds izdkj o eSysiu ij fuHkZj djrk gSA Åuh oL=k] lwrh oL=kksa
dh vis{kk /kqyus esa de le; ysrs gSaA e'khu dk iz;ksx djus ls igys fn,
x, funsZ'kksa dks lko/kkuhiwoZd i<+ ysuk pkfg,A
fof'k"V diM+ksa dh /kqykbZ dh foLr`r fof/k pkVZ esa vxys i`"B ij nh x;h gSA
x g foKku
233
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
234
x g foKku
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
x g foKku
235
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
27.8 diM+ksa dk HkaMkj.k
vc rd geus vius oL=kksa dks LoPN j[kus esa yh x;h lko/kkfu;ksa ds fo"k; esa i<+k
gS ijUrq dsoy bruk gh dkQh ugha gSA ;fn ge vius LoPN oL=kksa dk HkaMkj.k
leqfpr :i ls ugha djsaxs rks dhM+s edkSM+s o diM+s ds dhM+s] oL=kksa dks gkfu igqapk
ldrs gSaA
vkb;s vius dherh oL=kksa dks cpkus ds fy;s yh tkus okyh dqN lko/kkfu;ksa dh
lwph cuk;sa&
1- tscksa dks [kkyh djds diM+ksa dks cz'k ls iwjh rjg ls >kM+sa rkfd mu ij
/kwy u jgsA
2- HkaMkj.k ls igys igus gq, diM+s dks /kwi o gok vo'; fn[kk,aA
3- diM+ksa dh MªkbDyhfuax vFkok /kqykbZ ls igys] mUgsa vf/kd eSys u gksus nsaA
4- ueh okys oL=kksa dk HkaMkj.k u djsa D;ksafd ueh ls QQwanh yxrh gSA dbZ ckj
vkius ns[kk gksxk fd lanwd ;k vyekjh ls fudkyus ds ckn oL=k cnjax gks
tkrs gSaA ,slk QaQwnh ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
5- lHkh oL=kksa dks dhVksa ls cpkuk pkfg;sA ,slk rEckdw] uhe ds lw[ks iÙks] diwj
;k us¶Fkkyhu dh xksfy;ksa tSls dhVuk'kdksa ds iz;ksx ls fd;k tk ldrk gS]
tSlk fd vki ?kj ij djrs gh vk;s gSaA Åuh oL=kksa dks v[kckj esa yisVk tk
ldrk gS D;ksafd dhV NikbZ dh L;kgh dks ukilUn djrs gSaA lanwdksa ds
vUnj v[kckj fcNk;s tk ldrs gSaA uhe dh lw[kh ifÙk;k¡] panu dk ikmMj]
;wdsfyIVl dh lw[kh ifÙk;ka vkfn Hkh] lqxaf/kr jgus rd] izHkkodkjh gksrh gSaA
vc vki vius oL=kksa dh vk;q c<+kus esa iw.kZr;k l{e gSaA tc Hkh vki vius diM+s
igusa o cnysa ;kn j[ksa fd vkidks vkxs D;k djuk gS rkfd ijs'kkuh u gksA ;gk¡
,sls dqN izrhd fpg~u fn;s tk jgs gSa tks vkids oL=kksa ds yscyksa ij yxs gksrs gSaA
budh lgk;rk ls vki vius oL=kksa dh ns[kHkky Hkyh Hkk¡fr dj ldrs gSaA
rkfydk 27.4 e'khu dh /kqykbZ ds fpg~u
fpg~u
foyksM+u
[kaxkyuk
lq[kkuk
mi;qDrrk
vf/kdre
lkekU;
lkekU;
lQsn lwrh rFkk fyuu oL=k
ftu ij fof'k"V ifjlTtk
u gksA
vf/kdre
lkekU;
lkekU;
600
lsa- ij iDds jax okys
lwrh] fyuu o fol~dksl ds
oL=k ftu ij fof'k"V
ifjlTtk u gksA
vf/kdre
lkekU;
lkekU;
lwrh] fyuu o fol~dksl
oL=k ftlds jax 400 lsaij iDds gSa ij 600 lsa- ij
ughaA
rst xeZ
xeZ
xquxquk
236
x g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fpg~u
foyksM+u
[kaxkyuk
lq[kkuk
mi;qDrrk
e/;e
B.Mk
de le;
js'keh] ,flVsV o
VªkbZlflVsV( Åu fefJr
oL=k( ikWfy,LVj o Åuh
fefJr oL=kA
B.Mk
fVIi.kh
uhps dqN fpg~u n'kkZ, x, gSa ftUgsa fo'o Hkj esa oL=kksa ds O;kikjh igpkurs gSaA
budk Kku vkidks vius oL=kksa dh ns[k&js[k djus esa fo'ks"k lgk;rk djsxkA
fp=k 27.19 e'khu ls u /kks,a
fp=k 27.20 /kks,a ugha
fp=k 27.21 VEcy dj lq[kk,a
fp=k 27.22 nzIl'kq"du
fp=k 27.23 rkj ij lq[kk,a
fp=k 27.24 lery lq[kk,a
fp=k 27.25 MªkbDyhu djsa
fp=k 27.26 MªkbDyhu u djsa
x g foKku
237
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
fp=k 27.27 foajkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS
fp=k 27.28 fojatu u djsaA
ikBxr iz'u 27-5
1-
dks"Bd esa fn;s x;s 'kCnksa esa ls mfpr 'kCn pqudj fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ djsaA
¼i½
/kksus ls igys oL=kksa dh ------------ djuh pkfg;sA
¼jaxkbZ] ejEer] bL=kh] eatkbZ½
¼ii½
------------- oL=kksa dks /kqykbZ ls igys fHkxksuk ugha pkfg;sA
¼jaxhu] lQsn] eSys] NksVs½
¼iii½ diM+ksa dks fHkxksus ls eSy dks ----------- esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
¼rjy djus] ?kVkus] <hyh djus] cpkus½
¼iv½ dyQ yxkus ls lwrh diM+ksa esa -------------------vkrh gSA
¼fu"izHkrk] ped] rkt+xh] fQlyu½
¼v½
diM+ksa dks /kwi esa T+;knk nsj NksM+us ls os ------------ gks tkrs gSaA
¼pednkj] fu"izHk] uhys] ihys½
¼vi½ -------------- ij lh/ks bL=kh ugha djuh pkfg;sA
¼dkWyj] dQ] ck¡gksa] cVu½
¼vii½ Hk.Mkju djrs le; vxj lwrh oL=k xhys gksa rks os -------- gks tkrs
gSaA ¼/kqa/kys] pednkj] QaQwnh ;qDr] fpdus½
¼viii½ -----------------ij dyQ ugha yxkuk pkfg;sA ¼Vscy fyuu] lkM+h] deht+]
v/kksoL=k½
¼ix½ jaxhu lwrh oL=kksa dks ---------- esa lq[kkuk pkfg;sA ¼/kwi] Nk;k] cYc ds
izdk'k] jkf=k½
238
x g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
2-
fuEu izrhdksa ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
fVIi.kh
¼i ½
¼ii½
¼iii½
¼iv½
27.9 Mªkb Dyhfuax
;g diM+ksa dh ns[kHkky dh ,d vU; fof/k gSA vkids dherh vkSj uktqd js'eh o
Åuh oL=kksa dks lkQ djus ds fy, MªkbDyhfuax dh vko';drk gksrh gSA MªkbDyhfuax
esa] lk/kkj.k /kqykbZ dh vis{kk] eSy dks foyk;dksa ¼Solvent½ vkSj fpdukbZ vo'kks"kdksa
dh lgk;rk ls gVk;k tkrk gSA bu foyk;dksa dks iz;ksx djus dk ykHk ;g gS fd
;s lk/kkj.k /kqykbZ ds ikuh dh rjg oL=k esa izos'k ugha djrsA ;s diM+ksa ds jax dks
Hkh izHkkfor ugha djrsA buds iz;ksx ls u rks oL=k fldqM+rk gS vkSj uk gh viuk
vkdkj [kksrk gSA
tSlk fd vkidks ;kn gksxk Åuh oL=k tYnh eSys ugha gksrs vr% vU; oL=kksa dh
vis{kk budks tYnh /kksus dh vko';drk ugha iM+rhA vly esa bu oL=kksa dks LFky
mipkj (spot cleaning) dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vki ?kj ij Hkh LFky mipkj dj
ldrs gSaA eSy ds /kCcs diM+s ij fpdukbZ ds dkj.k te tkrs gSaA ;fn vki ml
fpdukbZ dks nwj dj nsa rks ;g /kCck gV tkrk gSA bl dk;Z ds fy;s fpdukbZ
vo'kks"kd ;k foyk;d dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA buesa ls dqN fuEu gSa&
vo'kks"kd & Ýsap pkWd] eqYrkuh feV~Vh] filh ewax nky] cslu] eSXuhf'k;e dkcksZusV
vkfnA budk iz;ksx gj izdkj dh oLrqvksa ij ls /kCcs gVkus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA
fpdukbZ foyk;d & lQsn isVªkWy] csat+hu] dkcZu VsVªkDyksjkbM] feFkkbysVsM fLifjV
vkfnA
x g foKku
239
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
27.11 vkius D;k lh[kk
ejEer
fVIi.kh
/kqykbZ
/kCcs NqM+kuk
NaVkbZ
fHkxksuk
dsoy lwrh oL=kksa ds fy;s
?k"kZ.k & gkFk ls@cz'k ls
/kqykbZ
lD'ku ;k pw"k.k
elyuk
e'khu dh /kqykbZ
lseh
vkWVkseSfVd
vkWVkseSfVd
[kaxkyuk
lwrh&vjkjksV] eSnk] pkoy dk ek¡M
dyQ djuk
js'keh & xksan
uhy yxkuk
lQsn lwrh vkSj fyuu ds
oL=kksa ij
lq[kkuk
ifjlTtk
izSl djuk
bL=kh djuk
Hk.Mkj.k
ikBkUr iz'u
240
1.
**ykWUMªh^^ ;k **/kqykbZ^^ 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS\
2-
diM+ksa dh /kqykbZ djuk D;ksa t:jh gS\
3-
/kqykbZ dh eq[; nks fof/k;ka crkb;s vkSj oL=kksa ds fy;s mudh mi;qDrrk Hkh
crkb;sA
x g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
4-
/kCck D;k gS\ /kCcs dks vki fdl izdkj igpkusaxs\
5-
/kCcs NqM+krs le; lkekU; lko/kkfu;k¡ dkSu&dkSu lh gSa\
6-
js'keh oL=k ls vki fuEu /kCcs fdl izdkj NqM+k;saxs\
i½ dkWQh
ii½ usy ikWfy'k
iii½ uhyh L;kgh
iv½ ?kkl
v½ iku
7-
fdlh Hkh rjg ds oL=k dh /kqykbZ ds rhu eq[; pj.kksa dh lwph cukb;sA
8-
lwrh diM+s dks vki fdl izdkj ls /kks;saxs\ blds fy;s vki dkSu lh
lko/kkfu;ka cjrsaxs\ D;ksa\
9-
fuEu dh /kqykbZ esa D;k vUrj gS\
i½ js'keh vkSj Åuh oL=k
fVIi.kh
ii½ lQsn o jaxhu lwrh oL=k
iii½ Åuh rFkk dSf'eykWu ds oL=k
10-
fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft;s%&
i½
vf/kd eSys lwrh diM+ksa dks fHkxksuk vko';d D;ksa gS\
ii½
js'keh oL=kksa dks /kksrs le; gYdk ncko D;ksa fn;k tkrk gS\
iii½
js'keh oL=kksa dh /kqykbZ esa [kaxkyrs le; vkf[kjh ikuh esa fljdk D;ksa
feykrs gSa\
iv½
Åuh oL=kksa dks lery lrg ij D;ksa lq[kkuk pkfg;s\
v½
uk;ykWu ds oL=kksa ij bL=kh djrs le; vf/kd xeZ bL=kh D;ksa ugha
iz;ksx djuh pkfg;s\
ikBxr iz'uksa ds mÙkj
27-1 1- ¼i½] ¼ii½] ¼iii½ ikB i<+dj mÙkj fyf[k;sA
27-2 1.
¼i½
lR;
¼ii½ vlR; & flUMsV jklk;fud :i ls izkIr fd;s tkrs gSaA
¼iii½ lR;
¼iv½ vlR; & flUMsV oL=kksa ij dksbZ va'k ugha NksM+rs vr% oL=k ihys
o fu"izHk ugha fn[krsA
27-3 1.
¼i½
vlR; & fojatd dks diM+s ij yxk NksM+k ugha tkuk pkfg;s]
;g oL=k dks dkQh gkfu igq¡pk ldrk gSA
¼ii½ lR; ¼iii½ lR; ¼iv½ lR;
x g foKku
241
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=kksa dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lkt laHkky
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
2-
¼i½ Cyhp
¼ii½ lwrh¼iii½ vkWDtsfyd ,flM
¼v½ fjM~;wflax Cyhp
¼iv½ gkbMªkstu&ij&vkWDlkbM
27-4 ¼i½ (b)]
¼ii½ (a)] ¼iii½ (c)]
¼iv½ (b)] ¼v½ (d)] ¼vi½ (a)]
¼vii½ (a)
fVIi.kh
27-5 1.
¼i½
ejEer ¼ii½ jaxhu ¼iii½ <hyh djus ¼iv½ ped
¼v½ ihys
¼vi½ cVu
¼vii½ QQw¡nh ;qDr ¼viii½ v/kksoL=k
¼ix½ Nk;k
2.
izrhd fpg~u
¼i½ fojaftr u djsa
¼ii½ /kks;sa ugha
¼iii½ nzIl'kq"du
¼iv½ e'khu ls u /kks,a
vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy;s ykWx vku djsa
http://www.fabriclink.com/fabriccare.html
242
x g foKku