ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
24
fVIi.kh
oL=k fuekZ.k
tc vki vius iguus ds diM+ksa] insZ ;k pknj ds fy;s iz;qDr diM+ksa dks ns[krs gSa
rks D;k vki muesa dqN fHkUurk ikrs gSa\ dqN oL=k eksVs] dqN irys] dqN lkns rks
dqN fMt+kbunkj] dqN dM+s rks dqN eqyk;e gksrs gSaA ;fn vki vius diM+ksa dk
fujh{k.k djsa rks ik;sxsa fd vkids v/kksoL=k ;k vUMjoh;j] ckgj igus tkus okys
diM+ksa ls fHkUu gSaA diM+ksa esa ;g fHkUurk mudh cukoV ds dkj.k gSA fiNys ikBksa
essa vki lh[k gh pqds gSa fd rUrq vkSj lwr] oL=k ds xq.kksa] fn[kkoV o igukos dks
izHkkfor djrs gSaA blh izdkj oL=k cukus dh fof/k Hkh oL=k ds bu lHkh igyqvksa dks
izHkkfor djrh gSA bl ikB esa vki oL=k fuekZ.k o mlls lacaf/kr vU; fo"k;ksa ds
ckjs esa i<+saxsA
mn~ns';
bl ikB dks i<+us ds i'pkr~ vki fuEufyf[kr dj ldsaxs%
oL=k fuekZ.k dh fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu(
diM+s dh o Åu dh cqukbZ dh izfØ;k dh O;k[;k(
vk/kkjHkwr cqukb;ksa ¼Weaves½ dk o.kZu(
cqus gq;s oL=kksa ¼oksou½ rFkk fuVsM oL=kksa esa foHksnhdj.kA
24-1 oL=k D;k gS\
fiNys ikB esa vkius rUrq o lwr ds fo"k; esa i<+kA ijUrq tc vkils VSDlVkby dk
vFkZ iwNk tkrk gS rc vki oL=kksa] diM+ksa ;k cus cuk;s diM+ksa ds fo"k; esa lkspus
yxrs gSaA oLrqr% iks'kkdksa vkSj ?kjsyw mi;ksx ds oL=kksa vkfn dk :i nsus ls igys]
rUrqvksa o lwr dks oL=kksa dk :i nsus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
diM+s dk dksbZ Hkh VqdM+k oL=k gSA
tc vki ckt+kj tkrs gSa rks D;k ns[krs gSa nqdkuksa ij dbZ izdkj ds oL=k miyC/k
gSaA vkb;s ns[ksa oL=k fdl izdkj curs gSaA oL=k dk fuekZ.k dSls gksrk gS\
172
x`g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
oL=k dbZ izdkj dh rduhdksa ls cuk;s tkrs gSaA vkb;s mu rduhdksa ds uke tkusaA
¼1½ ohfoax
¼4½ cszMsM oL=k
¼2½ cqukbZ ;k fufVax
¼3½ fcuk cqus oL=k ¼ukWu oksou½
¼5½ tkyh ;k usV okys oL=k ¼6½ ysl
vkb,] bu rduhdksa ds ckjs esa vf/kd tkudkjh izkIr djsaA
fVIi.kh
¼1½ oL=k cquuk ¼ohfoax½&;g oL=k cukus
dk lcls lk/kkj.k rjhdk gSA vkius
pVkbZ curs gq;s vo'; ns[kh gksxhA
oL=kksa dh cqukbZ esa lwr ds nks lewg
ledks.k ij varZxfpr (interlace)
gksrs gSaA ohfoax ls n`<+ oL=k izkIr gksrs
gSaA D;k vkius ikWifyu] Msfue vkSj
dsfEczd oL=kksa ds uke lqus gSa\ ;s lHkh
diM+s dh nqdkuksa ij miyC/k gSa vkSj
vkius buls cus diM+s vo'; igus
gksaxsA
fp=k 24-1: ohfoax
¼2½ cqukbZ ¼fufVax½&LosVj cqurs le; Åu
ds ,d gh xksys ls Qanksa dks vkil esa
xwaFkdj oL=k cuk;k tkrk gSA ;g
izfØ;k cqukbZ dgykrh gSA cqukbZ ls
diM+s esa dkQh yphykiu vkrk gS
vkSj oL=k dh vklkuh ls ns[k&js[k dh
tk ldrh gSA cqukbZ dk mi;ksx eq[;r%
gkSt+jh ds fy;s gksrk gSA fuVsM oL=k
varoZL=k] Vh&'kVZ ;k eksts vkfn ds
fy;s fo'ks"k:i ls mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA
fp=k 24.2% fufVax
¼3½ fcuk cqus oL=k ¼ukWu oksou½&;g oL=k
fcuk cqukbZ ;k fufVax ds lh/ks rUrqvksa ls rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSaA rUrqvksa dks
;kaf=kd cy] xksan ;k rki ls vkil esa tksM+k tkrk gSA uenk ijEijkxr
d'ehjh dyk dk ,d uewuk gS tks fcuk cqus oL=k dk mnkgj.k gSA
¼4½ cszMsM oL=k ¼Braid½&czsMsM oL=k mlh izdkj cuk;s tkrs gSa ftl izdkj ckyksa
dh pksVh xawFkh tkrh gSA ;s oL=k flys flyk;s oL=kksa dks laokjus vkSj twrksa dh
ysl cukus ds fy;s mi;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA
x g foKku
173
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fp=k 24-3% czsMsM oL=k
fVIi.kh
¼5½ usV ¼Net½&;g T;kferh; vkdkj okys fNnznkj oL=k gSA ftl LFkku ij lwr
,d nwljs dks dkVrs gSa ml LFkku ij lwr dh xk¡B yxk nh tkrh gSA
ePNjnkuh esa bldk mi;ksx vkerkSj ij gksrk gSA
fp=k 24-4 % usV
¼6½ ysl ¼lace½ & lwrksa dks vkM+k frjNk j[kdj tfVy fMt+kbu cuk;s tkrs gSaA
[kqyh tkyor lajpuk nsus ds fy;s lwrksa dks Qans Mkydj ;k xk¡B yxk dj
varZxfpr ¼interlace½ fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj cgqr gh lqanj fMt+kbu rS;kj
fd, tkrs gSaA iks"kkdksa dh laqnjrk c<+kus ds fy, ysl dk egRoiw.kZ iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA
fp=k&24-5% ysl
fØ;kdyki 24-1 cqus gq;s] fcuk cqus gq;s ¼ukWuoksou½] cszMsM] usV o ysl ds
diM+ksa ds ,d ,d uewuk ,d=k dfj;sA
bl dk;Z ds fy;s vki ikl dh nt+hZ dh nqdku ls fofHkUu uewus bdB~Bs dj ldrs
gSaA bu uewuksa dks viuh fjdkWMZ iqfLRkdk ij fpidk dj vius i;Zos{k.k fn;s gq;s
mnkgj.k dh rjg fy[ksaA ;g fØ;kdyki vkidks mfpr oL=k dk pquko djus esa
l{ke djsxkA
Ø- la¼1½
174
uewuk
uke
lkekU; mi;ksx
usV
ePNjnkuh] ÝkWd] ygaxk]
nqiV~Vk vkfn ds fy;sA
x`g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
ikBxr iz'u 24-1
1-
oL=k cukus dh fuEu fof/k;ksa dks igpkusaA
fVIi.kh
fp=k 24.6 ----------------------------------------------
fp=k 24.7 -----------------------------------------------
fp=k 24.8 ------------------------------------------------
fp=k 24.9 ---------------------------------------------
24-4 oL=k dh cqukbZ D;k gS
cqukbZ esa lwrksa ds nks lewg ,d fu/kkZfjr Øe esa ledks.k ij varZxfpr fd;s tkrs gSaA
D;k vkius dHkh pkjikbZ curs ns[kh gS\ loZizFke ,d <k¡ps ij jLlh ysdj] lekukUrj
fdukjksa ij mls vkil esa cka/kk tkrk gSA blds i'pkr nwljh jLlh yEckbZ esa igyh
jLlh ds ,d ckj Åij vkSj fQj uhps ls fudkyh tkrh gSA bl rjg dh cqukbZ
pkj[kkus ;k psd dk izHkko nsrh gS vkSj dkQh n`<+ gksrh gSA oL=k dh cqukbZ Hkh Bhd
blh Hkk¡fr dh tkrh gSA vUrj dsoy bruk gS fd lwr dh cqukbZ esa <kaps ds LFkku ij
dj?ks ;k ywe dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
oL=k dks mi;ksx djrs le; dqN ,slh 'kCnkoyh gS tks cgqrk;r ls iz;ksx dh tkrh
gSA ;gh 'kCnkoyh yscy ij Hkh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vkb,] ;g 'kCnkoyh tkusaA
fdukjh ¼lsYost½&diM+s dk fujh{k.k djrs le; vki diM+s dh yEckbZ ds nksuksa
vksj fdukfj;ka ik;saxsA bu fdukfj;ksa dks lsYost dgrs gSa vkSj ;g diM+s dks et+cwrh
nsrh gS tks oL=kksa dh vkxs vkus okyh izfØ;k ds fy;s egRoiw.kZ gSA
x g foKku
175
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
rkuk
ckuk
fdukjh
fVIi.kh
fp=k 24-10% oL=k fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh tkus okyh 'kCnkoyh
rkuk&;s lwr diM+s ;k fdukjh ds lekukUrj yEckbZ esa gksrs gSaA budks ,UM ¼ends½
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
ckuk & tc vki ,d cquk gqvk oL=k ns[krs gSa] rc rkus ds vkM+s ,d vU; lwr
pyrk gS ftls ckuk dgrs gSaA ;s rkus ds lkFk ØkWl cukrs gq;s varZxfpr gksdj oL=k
lajpuk djrs gSaA budks dbZ ckj fid ¼Pick½ ;k fQfyax Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
lwr x.kuk (Thread count) & vkius /;ku fn;k gksxk fd dqN cqus oL=k ?kus o
Bksl fn[krs gSa] ijUrq dqN vU; [kqys&[kqys izrhr gksrs gSaA ;g vUrj lwr x.kuk ds
dkj.k gksrk gS ftldk vFkZ gS] fdlh cqus gq;s oL=k esa izfr oxZ bap oL=k esa rkus o
ckus dh dqy la[;k fdruh gSA lwr x.kuk ls ge oL=k dh xq.koÙkk o fVdkÅiu
dk vuqeku yxk ldrs gSaA vf/kd lwr x.kuk okys oL=k] de lwr x.kuk okys oL=kksa
dh rqyuk esa T;knk vPNs gksrs gSaA ,d vPNs oL=k ds fy;s rkus o ckus dh x.kuk
;k rks cjkcj ;k mUuhl&chl gks ldrh gSA
ywe dk fp=k 24-11: dj?ks ds fofHkUu Hkkx A & gkjuSl] B & rkuk] C & 'kVy]
D & jhM@da?kh] E & lwr x.kuk
176
x`g foKku
oL=k fuekZ.k
24-2-1 cqukbZ dh izfØ;k
cqukbZ dh izfØ;k dh pVkbZ cukus dh izfØ;k ls rqyuk dh tk ldrh gSA pVkbZ cukrs
oDr ,d <kaps ij dqN jfLl;ksa dks ,d nwljs ds lekukUrj j[kk tkrk gSA pVkbZ
cukus okyk viuh vxqafy;ksa ls dqN jfLl;ksa dks mBkdj] mlds uhps ls yEckbZ esa
nwljh jLlh fudkyrk gSA fQj mls ,d eksaFkjs pkdw ls /kDdk nsdj dl nsrk gSA vkSj
bl izdkj ,d n`<+ pVkbZ curh gSA
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
cqukbZ esa blh izdkj dh izfØ;k dj?ks ;k ywe }kjk gksrh gS] ijarq vktdy cqukbZ
izfØ;k esa rsth ykus ds fy;s ikoj ywe dk iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA rkus dks ,d
nwljs ds ikl lekukUrj fcNk fn;k tkrk gSA fQj gkFk ls ;k fdlh vU; midj.k
ls dqN rkuksa dks mBkdj vU; dks viuh iwoZ fLFkfr esa jgus fn;k tkrk gSA bl nks
Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr rkus ds chp ls 'kVy }kjk ckuk fudkyk tkrk gS vkSj xwaFkus dk
,d pj.k iw.kZ gks tkrk gSA ,d rkuk NksM+dj ,d dks mBkdj cqukbZ djus ls
lk/kkj.k cqukbZ okyk oL=k izkIr gksrk gSA cqukbZ dks n`<+ o l?ku djus ds fy;s ckus
dks ,d da?kh tSls midj.k ls ihVk tkrk gS ftls jhM dgk tkrk gSA
gFkdj?ks esa ;s lc izfØ;k;sa gkFk }kjk dh tkrh gSaA vktdy ;a=kpfyr dj?kksa dk
iz;ksx rsth ls cqukbZ djus ds fy;s fd;k tkus yxk gSA
24-2-2 vk/kkjHkwr cqukb;k¡
vkius vius diM+ksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds cqus gq;s fMt+kbu ns[ks gksaxsA ;s fMt+kbu
fuEu ds dkj.k gks ldrs gSa&
fofHkUu izdkj ds lwr tSls lk/kkj.k lwr] tfVy lwr vkSj izdkfpr lwrksa dk
iz;ksx djdsA
rkus vkSj ckus dks fHkUu&fHkUu rjhdksa ls varZxfpr djdsA
¼1½ lk/kkj.k cqukbZ ¼Plain Weave½&;g cqukbZ dk lcls lk/kkj.k uewuk gS vkSj
cukus esa Hkh lcls de [kphZyk gSA vkerkSj ij igus tkus okys dbZ oL=k] tSls
eyey ds nqiV~Vs] vkWjxsUMh vkSj f'kQkWu dh lkfM+;ka bR;kfn esa lknh cqukbZ
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blesa diM+s dh pkSM+kbZ esa izR;sd ckuk lwr izR;sd
rkuk lwr ds Åij vkSj uhps ckjh&ckjh tkrk gSA ;fn lwr dkQh utnhd gksrs
gSa rc lknh cqukbZ dh lwr x.kuk vf/kd gksrh gS vkSj blls cuus okyk oL=k
Hkh n`<+ o fVdkÅ gksrk gSA
x g foKku
177
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
fp=k 24.12: lknh cqukbZ
lknh cqukbZ nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
(i)
fjc cqukbZ ¼Rib Weave½ & fdlh Hkh ,d fn'kk esa irys lwr dks eksVs lwr
ds lkFk ;k bdgjs lwr ds lkFk iz;ksx djds oL=kksa esa fjc ;k ykbu dk izHkko
mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA
(ii)
ckLdsV cqukbZ (Basket-weave) & bl cqukbZ esa nks ;k vf/kd ckuk lwr
mrus gh rkuk lwr ds lkFk ,d bdkbZ dh Hkk¡fr varxZfpr fd;s tkrs gSa rkfd
ckLdsV cqukbZ okyk izHkko mRiUu gksA eSVh oL=k tks ØkWl fLVp d<+kbZ ds
fy;s mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS bldk ,d mnkgj.k gSA
fp=k 24-13 : ckLdsV cqukbZ
¼2 ½
178
fV~oy cqukbZ (Twill weave) & bl cqukbZ esa oL=k ij ,d frjNh js[kk curh
gSA ;g cgqr etcwr o fVdkÅ cqukbZ gksrh gSA vr% ;g vkerkSj ij iq:"kksa
ds lwV o dksV ds diM+s o thal ds diM+s esa Hkh iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA lk/kkj.k
cqukbZ dh vis{kk fV~oy cqukbZ ds diM+ksa ij /kwy de fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA
x`g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fVIi.kh
fp=k 24-14 % fV~oy cqukbZ
¼3½
lkfVu cqukbZ (Satin weave) & bl cqukbZ esa oL=k ij lqUnj pedhyh
lrg lh cu tkrh gSA ,slk oL=k dh lrg ij rkuk lwr ds yEcs Qanksa ds
dkj.k gksrk gSA lkfVu cqukbZ esa rkuk lwr dbZ ckuk lwrksa ds Åij Qank
cukus ds ckn ,d ckuk lwr ls varZxfpr gksrk gSA ;k fQj blds Bhd
foijhr ckuk lwr dbZ rkuk lwrksa ds Åij ls xqtjrk gqvk vxys ckuk lwr
ls varZxfpr gksrk gSA pwafd ;s yEcs Qans vklkuh ls my> tkrs gSa] vr%
lkfVu cqukbZ lknh o fV~oy ftruh et+cwr ugha gksrhA
fp=k 24-15 % lkfVu cqukbZ
bu vk/kkjHkwr cqukbZ;ksa ds vfrfjDr vkius dbZ laqnj o ltkoVh fMt+kbu okyh
cqukb;ka Hkh ns[kh gksaxh] tSls oL=k esa cquk gqvk cwVhnkj fMt+kbuA dkWMZjkW; esa mHkjh
gqbZ lekukUrj yEch js[kka,s gksrh gSaA rkSfy;s esa oL=k ds nksuksa vksj Qans gksrs gSaA ,sls
lHkh oL=k dqN fof'k"V gFkdj?kksa vkSj cqukbZ dh rduhdksa ds iz;ksx ls cuk;s tkrs
gSaA ijUrq ,sls lHkh oL=k egaxs gksrs gSaA
x g foKku
179
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
fØ;kdyki 24-2 & fofHkUu cqukb;ksa ds uewus ,df=kr dhft, vkSj viuh
Qkby ij fpidkb;sA bu uewuksa dk lko/kkuhiwoZd fujh{k.k dfj;s vkSj
mudh cqukbZ igpku dj viuh fjdkWMZ iqfLrdk esa uksV dfj;sA
Øe la[;k
fVIi.kh
uewuk
cqukbZ
12-
ikBxr iz'u 24-2
1-
fuEu ds fy;s ,d 'kCn nhft;s&
¼i½
lwrksa ds nks lewgksa dk ledks.k ij varZxpZu----------------------------
¼ii½
dsoy ,d lwr ls cuk;k x;k Qansnkj oL=k -------------------------
¼iii½
oL=k ds ,d oxZ bap esa lwrksa dh la[;k ---------------------------
¼iv½
yEcs Qans Mkydj dh xbZ cqukbZ ftlls lrg ij pednkj izHkko
vkrk gS -------------------------------------
2-
eksVs v{kjksa esa fy[ks x;s okD; ds fy;s ,d 'kCn fyf[k;sA bu 'kCnksa ds fy;s
iwjs ikB dks /;kuiwoZd if<+;sA
¼i½
eqUuh dh ÝkWd cukus ds fy;s iz;qDr [kqyh tkyhnkj] T;kferh;
vkdkj okyk oL=k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
¼ii½
geus gjs jax dk lwr ds nks lewgksa ls rS;kj oL=k [kjhnkA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
¼iii½
vki viuh deht+ ij t+fVy fMt+kbu cukus ds fy;s VsM+s&es<+s lwr
D;ksa ugha yxkrsA------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
180
¼iv½
mlus izeq[k frjNh js[kkvksa okyh iSUV [kjhnhA------------------------------------
¼v½
js[kk us ,d diM+s ij ØkWl fLVp ls nks ;k vf/kd ckus] mrus gh
rkuksa ds lkFk okys diM+s ls ,d okWy gSafxx cukbZA--------------------------
x`g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
24-3 fufVax
vki tkurs gh gSa fd cqukbZ ds fy;s Åu
ds ,d gh xksys vkSj nks lykb;ksa dh
lgk;rk ls Qans cuk;s tkrs gSa tc ,d
iafDr ds Qans cu tkrs gSa rc nwljh iafDr
ds Qanksa dks igyh iafDr ds Qanksa ds lkFk
xwaFkdj oL=k dk :i ns fn;k tkrk gSA
fVIi.kh
oL=k cukus dh bl fof/k ls csgn
vkjkenk;d yphys oL=k cuk;s tkrs gSaA
fp=k 24-16: fufVax
bu oL=kksa ij lyoVsa Hkh ugha iM+rhaA
vius yphysiu ds xq.k ds dkj.k ;g
oL=k fHkUu uki ds yksxksa ij Bhd uki ds izrhr gksrs gSaA cqus gq;s oL=k u dsoy LosVj
cukus ds dke vkrs gSa cfYd cfu;ku] eksts o v/kksoL=k tSls gkSt+jh ds oL=k cukus
ds Hkh dke vkrs gSaA ;g oL=k lfnZ;ksa ds fy;s fo'ks"kdj mi;ksxh gksrs gSa D;ksafd Åuh
oL=kksa esa dbZ fjDr LFkku gksrs gSa tks 'kjhj dh Å"ek dks dSn dj xekZgV iznku djrs
gSaA
,d gh lwr dks lykb;ksa dh lgk;rk ls Qanksa ls Qank feykdj xwaFkus ij oL=k
dk :i fn;k tkrk gSA bl fØ;k ls oL=k cukus dks cqukbZ dgrs gSaA
,d cqus gq;s oL=k esa vki fuEu ns[ksaxs&
¼1½
¼2½
dkslsZl (Courses) & ;g oL=k ds ,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rd iM+s Øekuqlkj
Qanksa dh Ükà[kyk gSA
osYl (Wales) & ;g Qanksa ds yEcs o m/oZ LrEHk gSaA
fp=k 24-17: osYl
x g foKku
fp=k 24-18: dkslsZl
181
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
vkius ns[kk gksxk fd Åu dh eksVkbZ dks /;ku esa j[krs gq;s gh lykb;ksa ds vkdkj
dk p;u fd;k tkrk gSA oL=k ds fdukjksa tSls ckWMZj ds fy;s iryh lykb;ksa dk
p;u fd;k tkrk gS rkfd ckWMZj viuk vkdkj cuk;s j[k ldsaA
24-4 cqukbZ vkSj cquuk
fVIi.kh
vkius ns[kk fd ohfoax rFkk fufVax nksuks gh oL=k cukus dh izpfyr fof/k;k¡ gSaA rS;kj
oL=k ds mi;ksx rFkk vko';d xq.kksa ds vk/kkj ij fof/k dk p;u fd;k tkrk gSA
fuEu lwph ls ge nksuksa fof/k;ksa dh rqyuk dj ldrs gSaA
rkfydk 24-1 ohfoax vkSj fufVax
xq.k
182
ohfoax
fufVax
fp=k 24.19
fp=k 24.20
lwr la[;k
ledks.k ij nks lwr xqaFks
gksrs gSaA
,d gh lwr ls Qans cuk;s tkrs
gSaA
midj.k
gFkdj?kk ;k Lopkfyr ywe
lykb;ka & gkFk ls cquus okyh
lykb;ka ;k e'khu ij cqukbZ
dh tkrh gSA
oL=k
n`<+] fpdus] LFkkbZ vkSj viuh
vkÑfr cuk;s j[krs gSaA
lyoV izfrjks/kd] f[kapkonkj]
yphys o 'kjhj ij fQV gksrs gSaA
ns[kHkky o
j[k&j[kko
iqu% iz;ksx ls igys
Hkyh&HkkWfr /kqykbZ o bL=kh
dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
bL=kh dh vko';drk ugha
gksrh ij /kqykbZ ds ckn
lery tehu ij lq[kkuk
pkfg;sA
fMt+kbu
fofHkUu izdkj ds lwr
,oa jax rFkk cqukbZ ls cuk;s
tkrs gSaA
fofHkUu izdkj dh Åu] Qanksa
o jaxksa ds ek/;e ls cuk;s
tkrs gSaA
mi;ksx
ifj/kku] insZ] pn~nj] Vscy
fyuu o vU; diM+ksa ds
fy;sA
v/kksoL=k] gkStjh] LosVj]
Vh&'kVZ] ekstksa ds fy;sA
x`g foKku
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
vkius D;k lh[kk
oL=k cukuk
fVIi.kh
cqukbZ
fufVax
vU;
'kCnkoyh
(Terms)
fMt+kbu
fo'ks"krk,¡
ukWu oksou
lwr fHkUurk }kjk
cqukbZ fHkUurk }kjk
izdkj
jax
lk/kkj.k
fV~oy
lkfVu
ysl
cszM~l
usV
ikBkUr iz'u
1-
oL=k cukus dh fofHkUu fof/k;ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
2-
foLrkj ls crk,¡ fd cqukbZ ¼ohfoax½ ls fMt+kbu fdl izdkj cuk;s tkrs gSaA
3-
cqukbZ o fufVax dh rqyuk dfj;s vkSj muesa Hksn Li"V dhft,A
4-
lfnZ;ksa esa iguus ds fy;s fuVsM ;k cqus gq;s diM+s D;ksa mi;qDr gksrs gSa\
5-
lknh vkSj fV~oy cqukbZ dh vis{kk lkfVu oho esa etcwrh D;ksa ugha gksrh\
6-
thUl ds fy;s fV~oy oho D;ksa mi;ksx dh tkrh gS\
ikBxr iz'uksa ds mRrj
24-1 1-
¼1½ cqukbZ]
¼2½ ysl]
24-2 1-
¼1½ ohfoax]
¼2½ fufVax] ¼3½ lwr x.kuk] ¼4½ lkfVu cqukbZ
x g foKku
¼3½ usV]
¼4½ ohfoaxA
183
ekWM;wy - 5
oL=k fuekZ.k
oL=k ,oa ifj/kku
2-
3-
fVIi.kh
¼a ½
rkuk
¼ b½
ckuk
¼a½
usV
¼b½
lknh cqukbZ
¼c½
ysl
¼d½
Vfoy cqukbZ
¼e½
ckLdsV cqukbZ
vf/kd lwpuk ds fy;s ns[ksa&
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184
x`g foKku