lR;kxzgkJe%
fVIi.kh
20
lR;kxzgkJe%
vki egkRek xk¡/h ds O;fDrRo ls ifjfpr gh gSaA
vaxzstksa dh nklrk o vU;k; ls ns'k
dks eqDr djkus esa tgk¡ muds lR;kxzg dh Hkwfedk iz'kaluh; Fkh] ogha mudk vkpkj&O;ogkj
vkt Hkh gekjs fy, vuqdj.kh; gSA vk/qfud ;qx esa ge foKku dh miyfC/;ksa ls rks
cgqr mRlkfgr gSaμ fdUrq ge lkekftd thou esa xk¡/h th ds vkn'kks± o fl¼kUrksa ls
nwj gVrs tk jgs gSaA tks mfpr ugha gSA izLrqr ikB vk/qfud dof;=kh if.Mrk {kekjko
Ñr ^lR;kxzgxhrk* ds prqFkZ vè;k; ls mn~/`r gS ftlesa mUgksaus lkcjerh ds lR;kxzg
vkJe rFkk egkRek xk¡/h ds vkn'kZ vkpj.k o muds fpUru dk lqUnj o.kZu fd;k gSA
gesa ;g ikB lR;] vfgalk rFkk lnkpkj dks thou esa viukus dh izsj.kk nsrk gS] ftlls
ge bl egku~ ns'k ds egku~ ukxfjd cu ldsaA
mn~ns';kfu
bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~@Hkorh
140

lR;kxzgkJeL; fo'ks"krka o.kZf;";fr_

ikBxr'yksdkuke~ vUo;a HkkokFk± p ysf[k";fr_

egkReu% xkfU/u% pkfjf=kda oSf'k"V~;a ysf[k";fr_

nh?kZ&iwoZ:i&folxZlfU/;qDrinkuka lfU/PNsna dfj";fr_

^'kr`* izR;;L; iz;ksxa dfj";fr_

unh] fir`] xPNr~] vkReu~ 'kCnkuka :ik.kka okD;s"kq iz;ksxa dfj";fr_

ikBxrleLrinkuka foxzga fo/kL;frA
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
fØ;kdyki% 20-1
^d* LrEHk esa fn;s fp=kksa ds lkFk ^[k* LrEHk esa fn;s muls lEcfU/r dFkuksa] ?kVukvksa]
fopkjksa] vkfn dk feyku dhft, vkSj i`Fkd~ ls fyf[k,A
d
fVIi.kh
[k
fp=k 20-1
v-
yksdekU; ckyxaxk/j
fryd%
(i) ykgkSjs jkohu|k% rVs 26 tuojh 1930
frFkkS iw.kZLokjkT;L; izkIr~;S ?kks"k.kkA
fp=k 20-2
vk-
jkuh y{ehckbZ
(ii) ejkBk&dsljhi=k;ks% lEiknue~ dkjkxkjs
xhrkHkk";L; ys[kue~
fp=k 20-3
b
usrkth lqHkk"kpUnzcksl%
(iii) 1857 bZloh;s o"ksZ izFkeLora=krklaxzkes
vkaXylSfudS% lg ;q¼e~& Xokfy;j{ks=ksA
laLÑre~
141
lR;kxzgkJe%
fVIi.kh
fp=k 20-4
bZ
ia- tokgjykyusg#%
(v) ^bafM;u us'kuy vkehZ* (Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh;
lsuk) bfr laxBue~] ^t; fgUn* bfr
,drkèofu%A
20-1 bnkuha ewyikBa iBke%
izFke% ,dka'k%
'kCnkFkkZ%
lceZR;k% ¾ lkcjerh unh ds
LFkki;kekl ¾ LFkkfir fd;k
lnua ¾ ?kj dks] Hkou dks
lkuq;kf=kd% ¾ vius vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk
euksokDdk;deZfHk% ¾ eu] ok.kh 'kjhj
vkSj deZ ds }kjk
;FkkFkZ% ¾ uke ds vuqlkj vFkZokyk
fueZe% ¾ eksgjfgr]
fuR;lÙoLFk% ¾ lnk lÙoxq.k ls ;qDr
ferk'kh ¾ de Hkkstu djus okyk
lqfLerkuu% ¾ izlUu eq[kokys ;k lqanj
eqLdjkgV ls ;qDr
rf¼rSdijk;.k% ¾ mudh HkykbZ esa rRij]
yxs gq,
cksf/nzqerys ¾ cksf/ o`{k (ihiy) ds
uhps
vfrfjP;rs ¾ lcls c<+dj gS
vcy% ¾ detksj] 'kfDrjfgr
Js;ku~ ¾ vf/d dY;k.kdkjh
lR;oftZrkr~ ¾ lR; ls jfgr okys ls
lR;kuq;kf;;qDrk;k% ¾ lR; dk vuqxeu
djus okyh ds
fouhrolrs% ¾ lTtuksa dh cLrh ds
vkeks?ke~ ¾ dHkh u"V u gksus okys
142
rrLrhjs lceZR;k ukEuk lR;kxzgkJe%A
egkRek LFkki;kekl lnua lkuq;kf=kd%AA1AA
lR;eso izek.ka ;UeuksokDdk;deZfHk%A
rfLeu~ iq.;fuokls rn~ ;FkkFkksZ fg l vkJe%AAA2AA
fueZeks fuR;lÙoLFkks ferk'kh lqfLerkuu%A
lqdy=k% f'k'kqizseh firsokJeokfluke~AA3AA
è;k;u~ Dys'kku~ LocU/wuka rf¼rSdijk;.k%A
fojktrs eqfucqZ¼ks cksf/nzqerys ;FkkAA4AA
f}rh; % ,dka'k%
cya loZcysH;ks¿fi lR;esokfrfjP;rsA
lR;okucy% Js;ku~ lcykr~ lR;oftZrkr~AA5AA
vr ,o e;k nÙka uke lR;kxzgkJe%A
lR;kuq;kf;;qDrk;k fouhrolrseZeAAA6AA
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
bfr lR;kfn/ekZ.kkeeks?ka cyen~Hkqre~A
o.kZ;u~ xzkg;kekl ozrkfu lqcgwu~ xq#%AA7AA
fVIi.kh
vkReoRloZHkwrkfu i';rks¿L; inkuqxk%A
xq.kS% ijo'khHkwrk O;o/ZUr lglz'k%AA8AA
xzkg;kekl ¾ xzg.k djk;k
ozrkfu ¾ lR;&vfgalk vkfn ozrksa@fu;eksa
dks] lqcgwu~ ¾ cgqrksa dks] xq#% ¾ egkRek
xk¡/h] i';r% ¾ ns[krs gq, ds] inkuqxk%
¾ ihNs pyus okys] O;o/ZUr ¾ c<+ x,
lglz'k% ¾ gtkjksa
cks/iz'uk%
1-
ewyikBa ifBRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± dq#rA
(d) egkRek ------------------------ lnua lkuq;kf=kd%A
([k) fojktrs ------------------------ cksf/nzqerys ;FkkA
(x) lR;okucy% ------------------------ lcykr~ lR;oftZrkr~A
(?k) xq.kS% ijo'khHkwrk ------------------------ lglz'k%A
2-
LrEHk};ks% okD;ka'kkuke~ mfpresyua dq#rA
v
3-
c
(d) ;FkkFkksZ fg l%
(i)
([k) fouhrolrs%
(ii) Js;ku~
(x) vkReor~
(iii) vkJeokfluke~
(?k) lR;okucy%
(iv) vkJe%
(Ä) firso
(v) loZHkwrkfu
ee
'kCnkFkZesyua dq#rA
'kCnk%
vFkkZ%
(d) lnue~
(i)
([k) fueZe%
(ii) c<+ x,
(x) ferk'kh
(iii) eksg&jfgr
(?k) veks?ke~
(iv) ?kj dks]
(Ä) O;o/ZUr
(v) vYiHkksth
laLÑre~
dHkh u"V u gksus okyk
143
lR;kxzgkJe%
20-2 v/quk ikBe~ voxPNke%
fVIi.kh
20-2-1 izFke% ,dka'k%
01 'yksdr% ------- 04 i;ZUre~
'yksd% 1
rrLrhjs lceZR;k ukEuk lR;kxzgkJe%A
egkRek LFkki;kekl lnua lkuq;kf=kd%AA1AA
vUo;%
rr~ lkuq;kf=kd% egkRek lceZR;k% rhjs lR;kxzgkJe% (bfr) ukEuk lnue~
LFkki;keklA
O;k[;k
v¡xzstksa ds vU;k;iw.kZ 'kklu ds fo#n~/ lR;kxzg djus ds fy, egkRek
xk¡/h us vius lPps ns'kHkDr vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk feydj vgenkckn ds
fudV lkcjerh unh ds fdukjs lR;kxzg vkJe dh LFkkiuk dhA mUgksaus
blh vkJe ls nk¡Mh rd dh iSny ;k=kk djds rFkk leqnzh ty ls ued
cukdj v¡xzsth dkuwu ds fojks/ esa 1930 esa ued lR;kxzg vkUnksyu 'kq:
fd;k FkkA
HkkokFkZ%
egkRek xk¡/h vk¡x~y'kkluL; fojks/s lR;kxzga drqZe~ m|r% vHkor~A ,rnFk±
l% Lo&vuq;kf;fHk% lg lceZR;k% rVs lR;kxzgkJea LFkkfiroku~A
fp=k 20-5% vgenkckn (xqtjkr) esa lkcjunh rV ij fLFkr lR;kxzg vkJe
'yksd% 2
vUo;%
144
lR;eso izek.ka ;UeuksokDdk;deZfHk%A
rfLeu~ iq.;fuokls rn~ ;FkkFkksZ fg l vkJe%AAA2AA
rfLeu~ iq.;fuokls euksokDdk;deZfHk% ;r~ lR;e~ rn~ ,o izek.ke~ (bfr)
l% vkJe% fg ;FkkFkZ% (tkr%)A
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
O;k[;k
lkcjerh vkJe ,slk ifo=k fuokl Fkk tgk¡ ds yksx 'kjhj] eu] ok.kh vkSj
deZ ls lR; O;ogkj djrs Fks] blhfy,] ^lR;kxzgkJe* Hkh lR; ds izfr
vkxzg okyk gksus ls] og ^;Fkk uke rFkk xq.k* okyk izfln~/ gqvkA
fVIi.kh
HkkokFkZ%
'yksd% 3
lceZR;k% vkJes egkReu% xk¡f/u% vuq;kf;u% eulk] okpk] dk;su deZ.kk
p lR;eso vkpjfUr LeA O;ogkjs¿fi lR;rkdkj.kkr~ l% vkJe% ukexq.kkuq:i%
izfl¼% tkr%A
fueZeks fuR;lÙoLFkks ferk'kh lqfLerkuu%A
lqdy=k% f'k'kqizseh firsokJeokfluke~AA3AA
vUo;%
(egkRek xk¡/h) fueZe%] fuR;lÙoLFk%] ferk'kh] lqfLerkuu%] lqdy=k%]
f'k'kqizseh (p vklhr~)A (l%) vkJeokfluke~ firk bo (vklhr~)A
O;k[;k
egkRek xk¡/h okLro esa egku~ vkRek FksA og lnk eksg&eerk ls jfgr] fuR;
lÙoxq.k ls ;qDr] FkksMk+ Hkkstu djus okys] lnk izlUu eq[k rFkk O;ogkjdq'ky
FksA mudh iRuh ln~xq.kksa ls ;qDr FkhaA os f'k'kqvksa dks cgqr I;kj djrs FksA
os vkJeokfl;ksa ds fy, rks lk{kkr~ firk ds leku FksA lHkh ds lkFk mudk
leku Lusge; O;ogkj FkkA
HkkokFkZ%
egkReu% oLrqr% xk¡f/u% vkRek egku~ vklhr~A l% losZ"kq vkJeokfl"kq
leku:is.k fLug~;fr LeA l% rq lÙoxq.k;qDr% vYiHkksth] izlUu% ln~Hkk;Z;k
;qDr% f'k'kqLusgh pklhr~A l% vkJeokfluka Ñrs fi=kk ln`'k% vklhr~A
'yksd% 4
è;k;u~ Dys'kku~ LocU/wuka rf¼rSdijk;.k%A
fojktrs eqfucqZ¼ks cksf/nzqerys ;FkkAA4AA
vUo;%
LocU/wuke~ Dys'kku~ è;k;u~ rf¼rSdijk;.k% eqfu% fojktrs ;Fkk cksf/nzqerys
cq¼% (O;jktr)A
O;k[;k
egkRek xk¡/h vius vuq;kf;vksa ds d"Vksa dk lnk è;ku j[krs FksA og muds
fgr dk fpUru djrs gq, vkJe esa eqfu ds :i esa mlh izdkj fojkteku
Fks tSls cksf/o`{k ihiy ds uhps è;ku yxk, egkRek cqn~/ fojkteku gksaA
budk vkJeokfl;ksa ds lkFk cgqr gh viukiu FkkA os ns'k dh leLr turk
ds fgr dh ckr gh lnk lksprs FksA
HkkokFkZ%
egkRek xk¡/h rq ^^vkJeoklh dks¿fi fdefi d"Va u vuqHkosr~** bfr
fpUr;u~ rs"kka loZFkk fgrs rRij% vHkor~A ,oa fg l% vkJes cksf/o`{kL;
v/% cqn~/% bo jktrs LeA
laLÑre~
145
lR;kxzgkJe%
O;kdj.kfcUno%
(d) lfU/PNsnk%
fVIi.kh
(i) rrLrhjs
¾
rr% $ rhjs (folxZL; lRoe~)
(ii) lceZR;k ukEuk
¾
lceZR;k% $ ukEuk (folxZyksi%)
(iii) eqfucqZn~/%
¾
eqfu% $ cq¼% (folxZL; ^j~*)
(iv) lR;kxzgkJe%
¾
lR;kxzg $ vkJe% (nh?kZlfU/%)
(v) ;FkkFkZ%
¾
;Fkk $ vFkZ% (nh?kZlfU/%)
(vi) ferk'kh
¾
fer $ vk'kh (nh?kZlfU/%)
(vii) lqfLerkuu%
¾
lqfLer $ vkuu% (nh?kZlfU/%)
(viii) firsokJeokfluke~ ¾
firk $ bo $ vkJeokfluke~ (xq.k] nh?kZ)
(ix) rf¼rSdijk;.k%
rr~ $ fgr $ ,dijk;.k% (t'Roe~ gL; /Roe~)
¾
([k) foxzg% lekl% p
146
(i)
fuR;lÙoLFk%
fuR;a lÙos fLFkr%
rRiq#"k%
(ii)
ferk'kh
fere~ v'ukfr rPNhy%
rRiq#"k%
(iii) lR;kxzgkJe%
lR;kxzgk; vkJe%
(p- rriq#"k%)
(iv) f'k'kqizseh
f'k'kwuka izseh
("k"Bh rRiq#"k%)
(v)
cks/s% nzqe% cksf/nzqe%
cksf/nzqeL; rys
("k"Bh rRiq#"k%)
(vi) egkRek
egku~ vkRek ;L; l%
(cgqozhfg%)
(vii) iq.;fuokls
iq.;% fuokl% rfLeu~
(deZ/kj;)
(viii) rf¼rSdijk;.k%
rs"kke~ fgre~ rf¼re~
rf¼rs ,dijk;.k%
("k"Bh rRiq#"k%)
(lIreh rRiq#"k%)
(ix) euksokDdk;deZfHk%
eu% p okd~ p dk;%p
deZ p rS%
}U}%
(x)
vuq;kf=kdS% lg fo|eku% (cgqozhfg%)
cksf/nzqerys
lkuq;kf=kd%
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
(xi) fueZe%
^ee* bfr fuxZra ;Lekr~
(cgqozhfg%)
(xii) lqfLerkuu%
lqfLere~ vkuua ;L; l%
(cgqozhfg%)
fVIi.kh
(xiii) lqdy=k%
'kksHkua dy=ka ;L; l%
(cgqozhfg%)
(x) in&ifjp;%
(i) rr%
¾
vO;;e~
(ii) lceZR;k
¾
lceZrh] "k"Bh] ,dopue~A
(iii) ukEuk
¾
ukeu~] r`rh;k] ,dopue~A
(iv) egkRek
¾
egkReu~] izFkek] ,dopue~A
(v) rfLeu~
¾
rr~ (loZuke) iqa-] lIreh] ,dopue~A
(vi) firk
¾
fir` 'kCn%] izFkek_ ,dopue~A
(vii) vkJeokfluke~
¾
vkJeokflu~] iqa- "k"Bh] cgqopue~A
(viii) cU/wuke~
¾
cU/q'kCn% iqa- "k"Bh] cgqopue~A
(ix) Dys'kku~
¾
Dys'k'kCn%] iaq- f}rh;k] cgqopue~A
(x) fojktrs
¾
fØ;kine~&^fo* milxZ_ jkt~] /krq%] yV~]
izFkeiq#"k%] ,dopue~
¾
è;S /krq% $ 'kr` (izR;;%)
izÑfr&izR;;;ksx%
è;k;u~
iqa-] izFkek ,dopue~A
vkJeokfluke~
¾
vkJeokl $ f.kfu ¾ vkJeokflu~]
"k"Bh cgqopue~A
ikBxriz'uk% 20-1
1-
v/ksfyf[krku~ iz'uku~ laLÑrsu mÙkjrA
(d) lR;kxzgkJe% dL;k% u|k% rhjs vfLr\
laLÑre~
147
lR;kxzgkJe%
([k) ;FkkFkZ% d% vklhr~\
(x) vkJeokfluke~ d% firk bo vklhr~\
fVIi.kh
(?k) cq¼% dq=k jktrs Le\
2-
fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";esyua dq#rA
d
3-
4-
[k
(d) rfLeu~
(i) eqfu%
-------------- -------------
([k) ;FkkFkZ%
(ii) iq.;fuokls
-------------- -------------
(x) lkuq;kf=kd%
(iii) vkJe%
-------------- -------------
(?k) rf¼rSdijk;.k%
(iv) egkRek
-------------- -------------
foxzgkuqlkje~ leLrina jp;rA
(d) egku~ vkRek ;L; l%
----------------------------
([k) f'k'kwuke~ izseh
----------------------------
(x) 'kksHkue~ dy=ke~ ;L; l%
----------------------------
(?k) lR;kxzgk; vkJe%
----------------------------
lR;e (
) vlR;e~ (X) ok bfr fpg~uhdq#rA
(d) lR;kxzgkJe% iq.;fuokl% vfLrA
([k) cksf/nzqerys eqfu% fojktrsA
(x) vkJe% ;FkkFkZ% vlhr~A
(?k) vkJes ferk'kh dks¿fi u vklhr~A
20-2-1 f}rh;% ,dka'k%
05 'yksdr% ------- 08 i;ZUre~
'yksd% 5
vUo;%
148
cya loZcysH;ks¿fi lR;esokfrfjP;rsA
lR;okucy% Js;ku~ lcykr~ lR;oftZrkr~AA5AA
loZcys';% vfi lR;e~ cye~ ,o vfrfjP;rsA lR;oftZrkr~ lcykr~
vcy% vfi lR;oku~ Js;ku~ (Hkofr)A
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
O;k[;k
HkkokFkZ%
'yksd% 6
dof;=kh {kekjko ^lR;kxzgkJe* dh egÙkk crkrs gq, dgrh gSa fd thou
esa /ucy] 'kfDrcy] lÙkkcy vkfn lHkh cyksa ls ^lR;cy* gh cyoku
gksrk gS D;ksafd lalkj esa lR; ls jfgr lcy ls lR; dks /kj.k djus okyk
O;fDr gh] Hkys gh og cyjfgr D;ksa u gks] Js"B ekuk tkrk gS] lR;O;ogkj
ls ;qDr O;fDr dk dksbZ eqdkcyk ugha dj ldrkA egkRek xk¡/h ml ;qx
ds ,sls gh lR;izseh egkekuo Fks ftuds vkxs bruh cM+h lcy vaxzsth lÙkk
dks Hkh >qduk iM+kA
bg lalkjs 'kfDr&lÙkk&/ukfncys"kq lR;e~ ,o Js"Ba cya
eU;rsA lcy% vfi lR;jfgr% tu% lEekua u yHkrs vfirq
lR;;qDr% cyghuks¿fi loZ=k lEekua izfr"Bka p yHkrsA
vr ,o e;k nÙka uke lR;kxzgkJe%A
lR;kuq;kf;;qDrk;k fouhrolrseZeAAA6AA
vUo;%
vr ,o e;k lR;&vuq;kf;;qDrk;k% ee
fouhrolrs% ^lR;kxzgkJe%* bfr uke nÙke~A
O;k[;k
lkcjerh unh ds rV ij fLFkr vkJe esa lTtu yksx jgrs Fks] tks lR;ekxZ
dk vuqlj.k djus okys FksA xk¡/h th dgrs gSa fd mu lHkh lTtuksa ds
lR;O;ogkj o ln~vkpj.k dks ns[kdj gh eSaus ml vkJe dk uke
^lR;kxzgkJe* j[kkA tks gesa fuR; lR;ekxZ ij pyus dh izsj.kk nsrk gSA
okLro esa egkRek xk¡/h Lo;a lR;ozrh FksA blhfy, muds vuq;k;h Hkh
lR;O;ogkj ls izsfjr FksA egkRek xk¡/h ^ij mins'k dq'ky cgqrsjs* okys
O;fDr ugha FksA
HkkokFkZ
lceZR;k% rVs fLFkr% ;% vkJe% vfLr rfLeu~ lR;O;ogkjs dq'kyk%
xk¡f/u% vuq;kf;u% vfi olfUr LeA vr% egkRek xk¡/h rL; vkJeL; uke
^lR;kxzgkJe%* bfr Ñroku~A
'yksd% 7
bfr lR;kfn/ekZ.kkeeks?ka cyen~Hkqre~A
o.kZ;u~ xzkg;kekl ozrkfu lqcgwu~ xq#%AA7AA
vUo;%
bfr lR;kfn/ekZ.kke~ veks?ke~ vn~Hkqre~ cye~ o.kZ;u~ xq#% lqcgwu~ (tuku~)
ozrkfu xzkg;keklA
O;k[;k
ml vkJe dk o.kZu djrs gq, dof;=kh dgrh gS fd ogk¡ xk¡/h th us
vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks lR;] vfgalk] vLrs;] czg~ep;Z] vifjxzg vkfn ds
vn~Hkqr izHkko dk o.kZu djrs gq, mu lHkh dks mDr fu;eksa dks xzg.k
djk;kA bl izdkj lR; vfgalk czg~ep;kZfn fu;eksa dks /kkj.k djus okyksa ls
lekt esa tkx`fr dh ,d ubZ ygj py iM+hA
laLÑre~
fVIi.kh
149
lR;kxzgkJe%
HkkokFkZ%
,oa fg egkRek xk¡/h cgqH;% tusH;% vfgalk&lR;&czg~ep;Z&vLrs;&
vifjxzgkfn/ekZu~ mikfn'kr~A l% rku~&fu;eku~ ikyf;rqe~ vfi rku~ vuq;kf;u%
izsfjroku~A
fVIi.kh
'yksd% 8
vkReoRloZHkwrkfu i';rks¿L; inkuqxk%A
xq.kS% ijo'khHkwrk O;o/ZUr lglz'k%AA8AA
vUo;%
vkReor~ loZHkwrkfu i';r% vL; xq.kS% ijo'khHkwrk%
inkuqxk% lgÏ'k% O;o/ZUrA
O;k[;k
dof;=kh dgrh gSa fd bl izdkj egkRek xk¡/h vius fl¼kUrksa o fopkjksa dk
vuqlj.k djus okys lHkh izkf.k;ksa dks vkReh; Hkko ls ns[krs FksA /hjs&/hjs
,d nwljs ls izsfjr gksrs gq, os vuq;k;h gtkjksa dh la[;k esa fuR; izfr c<+us
yxsA egkRek xk¡/h ds ln~xq.kksa dk ,slk vn~Hkqr izHkko FkkA
HkkokFkZ%
egkReu% xk¡f/u% vuq;kf;u% defi HksnHkkoa fouk lokZu~ tuku~ vkReor~
i';fUr LeA ,oa fg egkReu% mRÑ"VS% xq.kS% izHkkfork% cgoks tuk% rL;
vuq;kf;u% vHkou~A vFkkZr~ rs"kka la[;k izfrfnue~ ,o vo/ZrA
O;kdj.kfcUno%
(d) lfU/PNsnk%
lR;okucy%
¾
lR;oku~ $ vcy% (la;ksx%)
cyen~Hkqre~
¾
cye~ $ vn~Hkqre~ (la;ksx%)
lR;esokfrfjP;rs
¾
lR;e~ $ ,o $ vfrfjP;rs
(la;ksx%] nh?kZlfU/%)
lR;kuq;kf;;qDrk;k%
¾
lR; $ vuq;kf;;qDrk;k% (nh?kZlfU/%)
lR;kfn/ekZ.kke~
¾
lR; $ vkfn/ekZ.kke~ (nh?kZlfU/%)
O;o/ZUr
¾
fo $ vo/ZUr (;.k~ lfU/%)
loZcys';ks¿fi
¾
loZcysH;% $ vfi (folxZL; mRoe~] xq.k%& v
$ m ¾ vks] iwoZ:ie~)
fouhrolrseZe
¾
fouhrolrs% $ ee (folxZL; ^j~*)
veks?ke~
¾
u eks?ke~ (u×k~] rRiq#"k%)
lR;kuq;kf;;qDrk;k%
¾
lR;L; vuq;kf;u% ¾ lR;kuq;kf;u%] rS%
;qDrk;k% ("k"Bh] r`rh;krRiq#"k%)
laLÑre~
([k) foxzg% lekl% p
150
lR;kxzgkJe%
lR;oftZrkr~
¾
lR;kr~ oftZr% rLekr~
(i×pehrRiq#"k%)
inkuqxk%
¾
inkfu vuqxPNfUr ;s rs (miin rRiq#"k%)
loZcysH;%
¾
loZe~ cye~ rsH;%
(deZ/kj;%)
fouhrolrs%
¾
fouhrk olfr%] rL;k%
(deZ/kj;%)
loZHkwrkfu
¾
lokZf.k Hkwrkfu
(deZ/kj;%)
vcy%
¾
ukfLr cya ;L; l%
(cgqozhfg%)
¾
vO;;e~
vL;
¾
bne~ (iqa-)] "k"Bh] ,dopue~
e;k
¾
vLen~] r`rh;k] ,dopue~
lcykr~
¾
lcy'kCn%] (iqa-) i×peh] ,dopue~
Js;ku~
¾
Js;l~] (iqa-) izFkek] ,dopue~
¾
fo milxZ% $ o`/~ /krq%] yÄ~] izFkeiq#"k%]
cgqopue~
¾
vfr milxZ% $ fjp~ /krq% yV~] izFkeiq#"k%]
,dopue~
lR;oku~
¾
lR; $ erqi~] (iqa-) izFkek] ,dopue~
o.kZ;u~
¾
o.kZ~ $ 'kr` (iqa-) izFkek] ,dopue~
i';r%
¾
n`'k~ ¾ (i';) $ 'kr` (iqa-) "k"Bh] ,dopue~
nÙke~
¾
nk $ Dr (uiqa-) izFkek] ,dopue~
fVIi.kh
(x) inifjp;%
(i) bfr
(ii) O;o/ZUr
vfrfjP;rs
(?k) izÑfr&izR;;;ksx%
ikBxriz'uk% 20-2
1-
v/ksfyf[kriz'uku~ laLÑrsu mÙkjrA
(d) lcZcys"kq Js"Ba cya fde~ vfLr\
([k) egkReu% fouhrolrs% uke fde~\
laLÑre~
151
lR;kxzgkJe%
(x) vkReor~ loZHkwrkfu d%i';fr\
(?k) xq#% lcgwu~ dkfu xzkg;kekl\
fVIi.kh
2-
dks"Bdkr~ mfprina fpRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± dq#rA
(d) vcy% ------------------- Js;ku~ (lR;oku~@lÙkkoku~)
([k) lR;kuq;kf;fHk% ;qDrk ------------------- fouhrolfr%A (e;k@ee)
(x) egkReu% xq.kS% ------------------- ijo'khHkwrk%A (inkuqxk%@lqcgwu~)
(?k) lR;kfn/ekZ.kke~ ------------------- cye~A (lglz'k%@veks?ke~)
3-
v/ksfyf[krins"kq ewy'kCn% d%\
Js;ku~] lR;e~] lqcgwu~] xq.kS%] egkRek
4-
izÑfrizR;;kS la;ksT; ina jp;rA
(d) o.kZ $ 'kr` iqa-] iz-fo-] ,dopus ------------------([k) lR;$erqi~ iqa-] iz-fo-] ,dopus ------------------(x) nk /krq% $ Dr] uiqa- iz-fo- ,dopus -------------------
5-
lfU/a ÑRok fy[krA
(d) loZcysH;% $ vfi
¾
-------------------
([k) i';r% $ vL;
¾
-------------------
(x) fo $ vo/ZUr
¾
-------------------
fdef/xre~\
152
1-
^lR;kxzgkJe%* egkReuk xk¡f/uk lceZR;k% u|k% rVs LFkkfir%A
2-
egkReuk xk¡f/uk vkaXy'kkldkuke~ vU;k;fojks/s lR;kxzg% Ñr%A
3-
vkJes vfgalk&lR; vLrs;&czg~ep;Zozr/kfj.k% vuq;kf;u% volu~A
4-
egkRek xk¡/h lR;&vfgalkfnozrikyd% jk"VªL; ijefgrfpUrd% pklhr~A
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
5-
folxZlU/kS folxZL; LFkkus ^j*] ^l~* ^m* Hkofr] folxZL; yksi% vfi HkofrA
6-
folxZL; mRos] v $ m ¾ vks] xq.ks tkrs ;fn ijo.kZ% gzLo% vdkj% Hkofr] rfg
iwoZ:ilaf/% HkofrA ,oeso ,dkjkr~ ije~ psr~ ßLo% vdkj%] rnkfi iwoZ:ia Hkofr*
7-
fVIi.kh
^'kr`* izR;;%] orZekudkys] ijLeSin/krquk ;ksT;rsA 'kr`izR;;kUrL; :ikf.k f=k"kq
fyÄõs"kq HkofUrA
;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) dfo ifjp;%
izLrqr ikB if.Mrk {kekjko dh Ñfr ^lR;kxzgxhrk* ds prqFkZ lxZ ls mn~/`r gSA laLÑr
lkfgR; dh fonq"kh ia- {kekjko dk tUe 1890 bZ- esa iwuk (egkjk"Vª) esa gqvk FkkA ia{kekjko us lu~ 1926 esa lkcjerh vkJe tkdj egkRek xk¡/h th dk lkfUuè; izkIr
fd;kA ia- {kekjko vR;Ur ØkfUrdkjh efgyk Fkha fdUrq xk¡/h th us mUgsa Lora=krk laxzke
esa dk;Z djus dh vuqefr ugha nhA fiQj Hkh mUgksaus LofufeZr laLÑr lkfgR; ds ekè;e
ls viuh vfHk#fp mRÑ"V lekt o jk"Vª lsok ds izfr iznf'kZr dhA 1938 esa mRÑ"V
laLÑr ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsa ^if.Mrk* dh mikf/ ls foHkwf"kr fd;k x;kA laLÑr
lkfgR;] lekt o jk"Vª dh lsok djrs gq, 1954 bZ- esa budk fu/u gks x;kA
Ñfr ifjp;%
^lR;kxzgxhrk* ia- {kekjko dh izFke Ñfr gS tks 18 vè;k;ksa esa foHkDr gSA ia- {kekjko
us vuq"Vqi~] NUn esa xhrk dh vuqÑfr ij xk¡/h th ds lR;kxzg vkanksyu dks izLrqr fd;k
gSA bl xzUFk esa 659 i|ksa esa {kekjko us xk¡/h th dh vFkd lk/uk dk fooj.k fn;k gSA
blds izFke lxZ esa xk¡/h th dh fLFkrizKrk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSμ ohrjkxks
ftrØks/% lR;kfgalkozrh eqfu%A fLFkr/hfuZR;lÙoLFkks egkRek lks¿fHk/h;rsAA119AA dof;=kh
us izLrqr xzUFk esa xk¡/h th dh lsok rFkk dÙkZO; ijk;.krk dk lqanj o.kZu fd;k gSA blds
vfrfjDr budh vU; jpuk,¡ bl izdkj gSaμ 1- LojkT;fot; 2- ehjk ygjh ([k.M
dkO;) 3- rqdkjkepfjre~ rFkk 4- Jh Kkus'ojpfjre~ vkfn rhu egkdkO; gSaA buds
vfrfjDr dFkk o ukVd laca/h dbZ vU; jpuk,¡ Hkh gSaA
([k) HkkofoLrkj%
izLrqr ikB esa egkRek xk¡/h ds futh thou esa /kkj.k fd;s x, lR;&vfgalk vkfn ozrksa
o lkekftd thou ds izfr tkx`fr o yksdfgrHkkouk dk o.kZu gSA bUgha dY;k.kdkjh
Hkkoksa ls lEcfU/r lwfDr;ksa o i|ksa dks if<+;sA
laLÑre~
153
lR;kxzgkJe%
(i)
lR;su j{;rs /eksZ fo|k ;ksxsu j{;rsA
e`t;k j{;rs :ia dqya o`Ùksu j{;rsAA (fonqjuhfr 21@39)
fVIi.kh
(ii)
lR;esos'ojks yksds lR;s /eZ% lnkfJr%A
lR;ewykfu lokZf.k lR;kUukfLr ija ine~A (egkHkkjre~)
(iii) lR;eso t;rs uku`re~A (eq.Mdksifu"kn~)
(iv) loZHkwrfgrs jr% lk/qjlk/qfuZnZ;% Le`r%A (egkHkkjre~)
(v)
/`fr% {kek neks¿Lrs;a 'kkSpfefUnz;fuxzg%A
/hfoZ|k lR;eØks/ks n'kda /eZy{k.ke~AA (euqLe`fr%)
(vi) vfgalk ijeks/eZ%A
(vii) ekr`or~ ijnkjs"kq ijnzO;s"kq yks"Bor~A
vkReoRloZHkwrs"kq ;% i';fr l if.Mr%AA (i×prU=ke~)
(x) Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
'kr`izR;;%
orZekudky ds vFkZ esa gksus okys nks eq[; Ñr~ izR;; gSaμ'kr` vkSj 'kkup~A ^'kr`* izR;;
ijLeSnh /krqvksa ls gksrk gS tSlsμ xe~] iB~] vkfn rFkk 'kkup~ ^izR;; vkReusinh /krqvksa
ls tSls lso] yHk~ vkfnA fdUrq mHk;inh /krqvksa (Hkt~ ip~] Ñ vkfn) ls nksuksa izR;; gkssrs
gSaA

^'kr`* izR;; esa ^vr~* 'ks"k jgrk gSA

^'kr`* izR;;kUr 'kCn ds :i rhuksa fyaxksa esa curs gSaA

'kr` izR;;kUr in dk vFkZ* fØ;k dks djrk gqvk ^,slk vFkZ gksrk gSA
tSls& iB$'kr` ¾ iBr~ ¾ i<+rk gqvkA

;g in fo'ks"k.k ds :i esa gh okD; esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA

'kr` izR;;kUr in dk iz;ksx eq[; fØ;k ls igys dh tkusokyh izk;% xkS.k fØ;k
ds :i esa gksrk gSA tSlsμ cky% fo|ky;a xPNu~ okfVdka i';frA
(ckyd fo|ky; tkrs gq, okfVdk dks ns[krk gSA)
154
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
Ø-la-
/krq $ 'kr`
ewy'kCn
vFkZ
xe~ $ 'kr`
xPNr~
tkrs gq,
n`'k~ $ 'kr`
i';r~
ns[krs gq,
/ko~ $ 'kr`
/kor~
nkSM+rs gq,
Jq $ 'kr`
Ük`.or~
lqurs gq,
fy[k~ $ 'kr`
fy[kr~
fy[krs gq,
fVIi.kh
'kr` izR;;kUr 'kCnksa dh rhuksa fyÄõksa esa :ijpuk
izFkek foHkfDr%
iqfYyÄõs
L=khfyaÄõs
uiqaldfyÄsõ
,- o- f}- o- c- o-
,- o-
f}- o-
c- o-
,- o-
f}- o-
iB$'kr`¾iBr~
iBu~
iBUrh
iBUR;kS
iBUR;%
iBr~
iBrh
n`'k~$'kr`¾i';r~
i';u~ i';UrkS i';Ur% i';Urh i';UR;kS i';UR;% i';r~ i';rh i';fUr
/ko~$'kr`¾/kor~
/kou~ /koUrkS /koUr% /koUrh /koUR;kS /koUR;% /kor~
fy[k~$'kr`¾fy[kr~
fy[ku~ fy[kUrkS fy[kUr% fy[kUrh fy[kUR;kS fy[kUR;% fy[kr~ fy[krh fy[kfUr
og~$'kr`¾ogr~
ogu~
xS$'kr~¾xk;r~
xk;u~ xk;UrkS xk;Ur% xk;Urh xk;UR;kS xk;UR;% xk;r~
iBUrkS
ogUrkS
iBUr%
ogUr%
ogUrh
ogUR;kS
ogUR;%
ogr~
c- oiBfUr
/korh /kofUr
ogrh
ogfUr
xk;rh xk;fUr
:i jpuk
1-
izLrqr ikB esa lceZrh] è;k;u~] egkRek] fir` 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA vr% ;gk¡
ij mUgha ls lEcfU/r ;k muds ln`'k dqN 'kCnksa ds :i fn;s x, gSa ftUgsa vki
i<+dj 'kCn:iksa dh ;ksX;rk dk foLrkj dj ldrs gSaA
unh 'kCn] bZdkjkUr] L=khfyÄõ
foHkfDr%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
izFkek
unh
u|kS
u|%
f}rh;k
unhe~
u|kS
unh%
r`rh;k
u|k
unhH;ke~
unhfHk%
prqFkhZ
u|S
unhH;ke~
unhH;%
i×peh
u|k%
unhH;ke~
unhH;%
"k"Bh
u|k%
u|ks%
unhuke~
laLÑre~
155
lR;kxzgkJe%
fVIi.kh
lIreh
u|ke~
u|ks%
unh"kq
lEcks/u
gs ufn
gs u|kS
gs u|%
fo'ks"kμ blh rjg lceZrh] eS=ks;h] Hkkjrh] i`Foh vkfn 'kCnksa ds Hkh :i cusaxsA
vkReu~ 'kCn] gyUr iq¡fYyÄõ
foHkfDr
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
izFkek
vkRek
vkRekukS
vkReku%
f}rh;k
vkRekue~
vkRekukS
vkReu%
r`rh;k
vkReuk
vkReH;ke~
vkRefHk%
prqFkhZ
vkReus
vkReH;ke~
vkReH;%
i×peh
vkReu%
vkReH;ke~
vkReH;%
"k"Bh
vkReu%
vkReH;ke~
vkReH;%
lIreh
vkRefu
vkReuks%
vkRelq
lEcks/u
gs vkReu~
gs vkRekukS
gs vkReku%
^xPNr~* (iqfYy¡Äõ) (xe~ $ 'kr`)
izFkek
xPNu~
xPNUrkS
xPNUr%
f}rh;k
xPNUre~
xPNUrkS
xPNr%
r`rh;k
xPNrk
xPNn~H;ke~
xPNfnHk%
prqFkhZ
xPNrs
xPNn~H;ke~
xPNn~H;%
i×peh
xPNr%
xPNn~H;ke~
xPNn~H;%
"k"Bh
xPNr%
xPNrks%
xPNrke~
lIreh
xPNfr
xPNrks%
xPNRlq
lEcks/u
gs xPNu~!
gs xPNUrkS!
gs xPNUr%
^xPNr~* (L=khfyÄõ)
156
izFkek
xPNUrh
xPNUR;kS
xPNUR;%
f}rh;k
xPNUrhe~
xPNUR;kS
xPNUrh%
r`rh;k
xPNUR;k
xPNUrhH;ke~
xPNUrhfHk%
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
(lHkh :i unh dh rjg)
^xPNr~* (uiqaldfyÄõ)
fVIi.kh
izFkek
xPNr~
xPNrh
xPNfUr
f}rh;k
xPNr~
xPNrh@xPNUrh
xPNfUr
'ks"k iqafYyÄõ dh rjg
^fir`* (½dkjkUr iqafYyÄõ)
izFkek
firk
firjkS
firj%
f}rh;k
firje~
firjkS
r`rh;k
fi=kk
fir`H;ke~
firu~
è
fir`fHk%
prqFkhZ
fi=ks
fir`H;ke~
fir`H;%
i×peh
firq%
fir`H;ke~
fir`H;%
"k"Bh
firq%
fi=kks%
lIreh
firfj
fi=kks%
fir.kke~
è
fir`"kq
lEcks/u
gs fir%
gs firjkS
gs firj%
ikBkUriz'uk%
1-
v/ksfyf[kriz'uku~ laLÑrsu mÙkjrA
(d) lR;kxzgkJe% dq=k faLFkr% vfLr\
([k) lqdy=k% d% vklhr~\
(x) rfLeu~ iq.;fuokls fda izek.ke~ vklhr~\
(?k) lR;eso dsH;% vfrfjP;rs\
(Ä) ^lR;kxzgkJe%* bfr uke dsu nÙke~\
(p) egkRek xk¡/h ds"kka fgrSdijk;.k% vHkor~\
(N) lR;kfn/ekZ.kke~ cya dhn`'ka Hkofr\
(y) egkReu% xk¡f/u% xq.kS% o'khHkwrk% ds O;o/ZUr\
laLÑre~
157
lR;kxzgkJe%
2-
lR;kxzgkJeL; o.kZua i×pokD;s"kq dq#rA
3-
egkReu% xk¡f/u% pkfjf=kda oSf'k"V~;a ikBe~ vk/`R; i×pokD;s"kq fy[krA
4-
v"Ve'yksdL; iznÙk&vUo;s fjDrLFkkuiwfr± dq#rA
fVIi.kh
vUo;%& vkReor~ loZHkwrkfu (i) --------------------- vL; (ii) --------------------- ijo'khHkwrk%
(iii) --------------------- lglz'k% (iv) ---------------------A
5-
HkkokFk± Li"V;rA
(d) o.kZ;u~ xzkg;kekl ozrkfu lqcgwu~ xq#%A
([k) lR;okucy% Js;ku~ lcykr~ lR;oftZrkr~A
(x) fojktrs eqfucqZ¼ks cksf/nzqerys ;FkkA
6-
v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq d% izR;;%\
(i) è;k;u~] (ii) lR;oku~] (iii) o.kZ;u~ (iv) vkJeokfluke~A
7-
v/ksfyf[krins"kq laf/a dq#rA
(d) rr% $ rhjs
¾ ----------------------------
([k) fer $ vk'kh ¾ ---------------------------(x) rr~ $ fgre~
¾ ----------------------------
(?k) i';r% $ vL;¾ ---------------------------(Ä) firk $ bo
8-
¾ ----------------------------
v/ksfyf[krfoxzge~ vf/ÑR; leLrinkfu jp;rA
(d) u eks?ke~
¾ ----------------------------
([k) lqfLere~ vkuua ;L; l%
¾ ----------------------------
(x) egku~ vkRek ;L; l%
¾ ----------------------------
(?k) 'kksHkue~ dy=ke~ ;L; l% ¾ ---------------------------(Ä) inkfu vuqxPNfUr ;s rs
9158
¾ ----------------------------
vLekr~ ikBkr~ vO;;inkfu fpRok fy[kr
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
10- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";n`"V~;k fda in;qxya 'kq¼e~ (
) fdap v'kq¼e~ (X)\
(d) è;k;u~ Dys'kku~
fVIi.kh
([k) lR;oku~ vcy%
(x) nÙke~ uke
(?k) lqcgwu~ xq#%
(Ä) cye~ vn~Hkqre~
(p) lokZf.k Hkwrkfu
mÙkjkf.k
cks/iz'uk%
1-
2-
3-
(d) LFkki;kekl
([k) eqfucqZ¼ks
(x) Üksz;ku~
(?k) O;o/ZUr
(d) vkJe%
([k) ee
(?k) Üksz;ku~
(Ä) vkJeokfluke~
(d) ?kj dks
([k) eksgjfgr
(x) loZHkwrkfu
(x) vYiHkksth
(?k) dHkh u"V u gksus okys (Ä) c<+ x,
ikBxriz'uk% 20-1
1-
(d) lceZR;k%
([k) vkJe%
(x) egkRek xk¡/h
(?k) cksf/nzqerys
2-
3-
(d) iq.;fuokls
([k) vkJe%
(x) egkRek
(?k) eqfu%
(d) egkRek
([k) f'k'kqizseh
(x) lqdy=k%
([k) X
(x) ()
(?k) lR;kxzgkJe%
4-
(d) ()
(?k) X
laLÑre~
159
lR;kxzgkJe%
ikBxriz'uk% 20-2
1fVIi.kh
(d) lR;e~
([k) lR;kxzgkJe%
(x) egkRek xk¡/h
([k) ee
(x) inkuqxk%
(?k) ozrkfu
2-
(d) lR;oku~
(?k) veks?ke~
Js;ku~] lR;
lR;e~] lqcgq
lqcgwu~] xq.k
xq.kS%] egkReu~
egkRek
3-
Js;l~
4-
(d) o.kZ;u~
([k) lR;oku~
(x) nÙke~
5-
(d) loZcysH;ks¿fi
([k) i';rks¿L;
(x) O;o/ZUr
(d) lceZR;k% u|k% rVs
([k) egkRek xk¡/h
(x) lR;e~
(?k) loZcysH;%
(Ä) egkReuk
(p) LocU/wuke~
(N) veks?ke~ vn~Hkqre~ p
(t) inkuqxk%
ikBkUriz'uk%
1-
2-
Nk=kk% ikBa vk/`R; LosPN;k i×p okD;kfu ysf[k";fUrA
3-
Nk=kk% LosPN;k egkReu% oSf'k"V~;e~ i×pokD;s"kq ysf[k";fUrA
4-
vUo;iwfrZ% (i) i';r% (ii) xq.kS% (iii) inkuqxk% (iv) O;o/ZUr
5-
HkkokFkZ%
(d) egkRek xk¡/h vla[;ku~ tuku~ lR;&vfgalkczg~ep;kZnhfu
ozrkfu xzkg;keklA
([k) cyghu% vfi lR;;qDr% tu% iz'kaluh;% Hkofr] u rq l% lcy% ;%
lR;jfgr%A
(x) egkRek xk¡/h vkJes lnk yksdfgra fpUr;u~ cksf/o`{kL;
v/% è;kueXu% cq¼% bo jktrs LeA
vFkok rRHkkoln`'ke~ vU;r~ fdefi okD;e~A
6-
160
(i) 'kr` (ii) erqi~ (iii) 'kr` (iv) bfu
laLÑre~
lR;kxzgkJe%
7-
(d) rrLrhjs
([k) ferk'kh
(?k) i';rks¿L;
(Ä) firso
(d) veks?ke~
([k) lqfLerkuu%
(?k) lqdy=k%
(Ä) inkuqxk%
(x) rf¼re~
fVIi.kh
8-
9-
(x) egkRek
vO;;inkfuμ rr%] ,o] fg] bo] ;Fkk] vfi] vr%] uke] bfr] vkReor~A
10- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";;qxye~
(d) (X)
([k) ()
(x) ()
(?k) (X)
(Ä) ()
(p) ()
laLÑre~
161