Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: G0134 – Grammar III
: 2005
: revisi 1
Pertemuan 23
Vocabulary
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• Menganalisa kesalahan dalam kalimat
yang mengandung kata-kata yang
dipelajari pada pertemuan ini.
2
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
Afterwards, after
By, until, till
To, as far (as)
Phrases with ‘time’
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afterwards
• Afterwards is an adverb.
• It is used as a link word.
• It means ‘following this event’: The
ceremony lasts half an hour. Afterwards,
there’s a reception.
• Afterwards can also be used at the end of
a sentence (meaning= later): My parents
met at university but didn’t marry till five
years afterwards.
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Afterwards / then
• When one action follows another within a
short time, we can use either afterwards or
then: We all had lunch together.
Afterwards/Then we went to the beach.
• To introduce the next action in a series of
instructions, we use then: Check that the
paper is properly loaded. Then press the
start button. Then …
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Afterwards and later (on)
• Afterwards suggests that the next thing happens
quite soon after the last one has finished: On
Saturday, I went to see Adrian in hospital.
Afterwards, I drove into town to do some
shopping.
• If there is a longer interval between the two
events, we can use later, much later or later on,
especially for events later the same day: I
couldn’t understand why she hadn’t answered
my letters. Later, I realised she’d moved to a
new address.
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After and in
• After is used as a preposition before a
time expression, e.g. after a week, to talk
about an action in the past: After a few
days, I felt much better.
I’m hoping to visit America. After, I’d like to
visit Mexico.
I’m hoping to visit America.
Afterwards/After that I’d like to travel to
Mexico.
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After and in
• When we use after before a time
expression, we are talking about later
events in the past. For the future, we use
in:
She left after five minutes.
She’ll be leaving in an hour.
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By and until / till
• We use by for an action which happens
before, or no later than, a certain time:
Could you let us know your decision by
Friday?
• We use until / till for an action or state
continuing up to the time mentioned: Let’s
not continue the walk until the stops.
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Until/till, to and as far (as)
• We use until or till in connection with time:
The shops are open until six.
• I’ll be here till five o’clock.
• When we are talking about direction
towards or distance, we use to or as far
(as).
• We use ‘to’ meaning ‘towards and
stopping at a particular place’.
• We use as far (as) to emphasise the
distance.
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