Meeting : 7
Semantics IG 0352
Reference and Sense
Learning Outcome
– Students are able to explain the notion of
reference, kinds of reference and able to
differentiate them
Semantics IG 0352
2
Outline
– Reference
– Referent
– Kinds of Reference
– Sense
TIK 3 Reference and sense
• Reference : the relation between unit of
language and the entity in the world
• The relationship between
–
–
and the expression ‘heart’
and the expression ‘star’
Reference and sense
• Referent
–
–
–
----- Referent of the expression ‘heart’
----- Referent of the expression ‘star’
KINDS OF REFERENCE
Variable reference
My ear
1 expression
> 1 referents
KINDS OF REFERENCE
Constant reference
The sun
1 expression
1 referent
KINDS OF REFERENCE
>1 expressions
??
Venus
The morning star
The evening star
1 referent
Venus
Sense
• Relation ship between linguistics units
• E.g. antonymy, synonymy
Conclusion
• Reference : relationship between a unit of
language and an entity in the world
– Referent : the entity referred by reference
– Kinds of reference : variable, constant , ..
• Sense : the relationship between units of
language