The
The
Sand
Area
Study
Mountain
WSA
WSA
Anthony Idaho
The
see Table
small
where
the
owner
The Sand
Mountain
Mountain
which
surrounding
to
in
WSA
the
was
21100
parcel
east
located
is
of
acres
of
and
Fremont
in
is
and
located
for
campground
BLM
southwest
Counties
Jefferson
land
public
land
private
and
Inholdings
500
consist
west
feet
off-road
vehicle
road on
the
west
and
ten
of
miles
one
inside
the
of
acre
tract
WSAs
and
state
private
the
of
city
of
state
eastern
St
land
boundary
WSA
are
land subdivisions
on
Boundaries
enthusiasts
and
640
west
of
the
southeast
is
about
characterized
500
shifting
under
studied
Lodge
FEIS
proposed
21100
the
acres
feet
above
dunes
series
by
the
Two
of
adjacent
active
large
Sand
plain
old volcanic
buttes
and
sand dunes
in
various
exposed
The most prominent
degrees
areas
of
of
more
stabilization
recent
feature
Sand
is
lands
occupies
basaltic
bedrock
add
diversity
Medicine
Statement
the
acre
resort
WSA
most of the
the geologic
The
five
and
rises
21100
includes
operates
north
northwest
the
--
ID-35-3
county road on
generally
Study Area
Wilderness
Sand Mountain
filed
action
acres
and
no
Section
603 of the Federal
Resource
in
Management
December 1987
Three
wilderness
partial
alternative
wilderncss
is
the
Policy
Medicine
alternative
which
alternative
Land
and
Plan
were
and
Management Act
Lodge
analyzed
recommendation
6560 acres
420
Wilderness
in
of
the
this
FEIS
FLPMA
for the
report an
and
was
Environmental
Final
all
Sand
Mountain
wilderness
included
Impact
WSA
alternative
Recommendation and
Rationale
recommended
acres
21100
for wilderness
recommended
acres
for
nonwilderness
The
recommendation
environmentally
environment
for
the
over
impacts
Plan
the use
will
guide
nonsuitable
All
to mitigate
would
and
policy
for
area
would
It
all
use
Mountain
uses
than
least
change
to
means
wildernss
other
the
cause
practical
Medicine
the
The Sand
impacts
the
alternative
recommendation
BLM
release
to
is
wilderness
all
avoid
minimize
or
WSA
Mountain
conditions
Boundaries
are
recommended
discerning
to
protect
where
would
from
values
along
Management Framework
Proposal map shows the lands recommended
as nonsuitable
for wilderness
local
this
the following
for
designation
end
with
Numerous
use
features
would
be
to aid
necessary
law enforcement
accesses
wilderness
to
term
the long
over
no identifiable
boundaries would
the
Fencing
opposition
as wilderness
area
subdivisions
motor vehicle
and
use
manage
legal
and
begin
trespass
vehicle
off-road
to
ability
drawn
generally
the wilderness
wilderness
historical
issues
are
BLMs
affect
adversely
of the area
in
further
complicate
manageability
and
Naturalness
WSAs
the
by influences
and
eastern
southern boundary
the
visitors perception
Certain
resources
Benefits
include
local
of
and
Road
big
game
of
winter
wilderness
farming
be
can
and
seen
values
activities
farm equipment
equipment
traffic
traffic
along
an off-road
heard
are
to
adjacent
vehicle
from
detracting
the
the
experience
will
components
winter
extensive
farm-to-market vehicle
frequent
vehicle
These
exemplary
include
They
and
solitude
or
than
less
Irrigation
and
buildings
environmental
improved
are
WSA
the
boundaries
naturalness
from the
benefit
off-road
habitat
vehicle
nonsuitable
recreation
recommendation
and stronger
opportunities
economies
manipulation
populations
and
more
hunting
allow
is
of
Motorized
and
these
extensive
from
several
ElS process
motorized
Positive
significant
vehicle
total
of
and
recreation
19250
recreation
to
impact
on
located
deer elk
near
demand
the
WSA
would
moose
populations
ensure
Idaho
southeastern
in
one
stable
elk
particularly
of the largest elk
and
healthy
will
provide
Preservation
herds
of the
in the continental
sportsmen interests
is
to
projected
23350
visitor
continue
for
for
and
the
Increasing
this
increase
use
days
Idaho
Most
area
by as much
of
and
benefit
350 percent
eommenters
by the year 2006
for off-road
off-road
throughout
expressed
the
as
Opportunities
citizens
comment
Near-unanimous
wilderness
feel
vehicle
vehicle
the
the
riding
in
recreationists
inventory study and
area
is
best-suited
to
activities
economic
$1448400
and
in
wildlife
nearby states
resort
winter
sand dunes would
opposed
local
estimated
to
developed
an estimated
for
for the ever-increasing
of elk that
key concern
habitat
herd size
in
increases
opportunities
2000 head
nearly
for
southern
farm
Mechanical
U.S
solitude
outside
Egin-Hamer
and
community
resort
for
opportunities
affected
adversely
adverse
Resource
Lodge
reasons
Certain
The
from the natural
designation
Sand
of the
the
is
regulations
of the land
for wilderness
acres
21100
Existing
WSA
Mountain
The
term
long
environmental
Sand
the
alternative
preferable
impact would
in
revenues
regional
on
the
economies
WSAs
with
occur
This
the
but
eastern
local
in
businesses
border would
421
of
influx
expected
increase
projected
not
ORV
retail
trade
are
expected
close
recreationists
earnings
to
would
benefit
bringing
not
The
an
have
off-road
The
and
natural
big
values
game
outlined
in
the
Environmental
and
winter
resource
Medicine
Concern
on
protecting
nonmotorized
recreation
will
focus
uses
These
habitat
Special
natural
would
Resource
Lodge
and
that deserve
values
and
be protected
Management
Recreation
values
include
protection
existing
through special
Plan
These
Management Area
wildlife
motorized
resources
uses
422
and nonmotorized
designations
designations
The management
while
providing
and
and
recreation
management
include
objectives
an
of
accommodating
Area
these
uses
objectives
of
Critical
designations
motorized
and
39
38
RECOMMENDED
FOR
WILDERNESS
SPLIT
Lililil
RECOMMENDED
FOR
NONWILDERNESS
STATE
IE1WI
LAND OUTSIDE WSA RECOMMENDED
LIIIIIIII1
ESTATE
PRIVATE
FOR WILDERNESS
LI
D-35-3
SAND
MOUNTAIN
PROPOSAL
AUGUST
1988
Table
--
Land Status and Acreage
Summary
SAND MOUNTAIN WSA
Within
BLM
surface
Split
Estate
Inholdings
and
Wilderness
Study
of the
Area
21100
subsurface
BLM
surface
state
only
640
private
21740
Total
Within
BLM
BLM
the
Recommended
Boundary
WSA
outside
Estate
within
Split
Estate
outside
Total
BLM
WSA
WSA
Recommended
Land
Wilderness
Inholdings
state
State
outside
land
private
WSA
Within
the Area
Not
Recommended
BLM
for Wilderness
21100
Split
Estate
Total
BLM
for
Wilderness
WSA
within
Split
for
Study Area
Land
Not
Recommended
Wilderness
Inholdings
state
21100
640
private
424
Considered
Criteria
Wilderness
Recommendations
the Wilderness
in Developing
Characteristics
Naturalness
The Sand
include
miles
obscured
are
miles the deer
five
Influences
and
border and
disappear
and
trap
naturalness
on
traffic
higher
are
vantage
where
points
views
include
These
activities
wind
the
topographic
on
short
absorbed
are
St Anthony
of
that
screening
are
and
to
are
the sights
WSAs
32
lack
follow
temporary
livestock
this
imprints
About
litter
difficult
of
segments
easily within
Idaho
sand and
dunes
the
These
imprints
the
on
imposing near the
most
are
activities
trails
tracks
The
blows
tracks
than
vehicle
and
insignificant
more
no
are
Off-road
when
all
WSA
the
The ways
vegetation
quickly
litter
outside
agricultural
from
WSA
the
cross
by encroaching
sand that
the
in
impressions
vehicle
ways
and
and
enter
small
fences
human-caused
in
appearance but has some
deer trap intermittent vehicle
essentially natural
is
livestock
ways
of vehicle
definition
total
WSA
Mountain
vehicle
which
fence
large
area
and
sounds
of
rural
and
southeastern
eastern
minimal
is
Solitude
for solitude
Opportunities
from
east to
screening
solitude
These
west and
WSA
the
outside
influences
are
spots for seclusion
most
are
Quality diversity and
Hiking
horseback
activities
The
interesting
make
riding
and
and
sights
However
of
north
this
to
and
the
has
many
of rural traffic
WSAs
increasing
fairly
border
the
WSA
bowls
activities
Throughout
dunes
measures
themselves
in
the
and
dunes
views
of
most
are
about
ten
miles
Topographic
configuration
and
agricultural
ORV
on
good
pockets
southeastern
use
The
area
large
relatively
south
changes and
sounds
the
near
WSA
provides
is
Influences
the
on
St Anthony
of
WSA
beginning
to
ample
impact
the
and
combine
camping
the
Recreation
to
wildlife
activities
is
make
primitive
observation
enhanced
The
by
lack
unconfined recreation
and
photography
the
of
and
and
exceptional
reliable
water
cross-country
opportunities
skiing
are
unusual sand features
extreme temperatures
and
outstanding
among
scenic
the
the
views
rugged
possible
and
terrain
challenging
Features
crucial wintering
dependent
Park
Unconfined
animal communities
activities
Special
National
from
elevation
noticeable
challenge
quality of
plant
the
particular
include
available
Primitive and
The
miles
values
wilderness
all
most
throughout
five
by the abrupt
provided
is
exist
about
upon
the
habitat
for large
western portion
of
mammals
the
WSA
Montana
425
including
The
elk
moose and deer
herd migrates
The
from as far away
elk
as
herd in
Yellowstone
An uncommon
species
rock
The dunes
The
outcrops
relative
within
contains
the
evening
uniqueness
Sand
Mountain
Research
tiger
of
primrose
beetle
these
WSA
Natural
noncoastal
have
Area
in
is
also
been
known
to
exist
uncommon
dunes
provides
proposed
recognition
of
in
the
thrives
sparsely
uncommon
for designation
these
values
426
The
dunes
in
scenic
as
primrose generally
vegetated
and
National
areas
geologic
Natural
grows near lava
near the dune
value
All of
Landmark
edges
the lands
The
area
also
in the
Diversity
Assessing
National
the
Diversity
and Features
Wilderness
designation
Preservation
other
BLM
System
study
as
of the
in
of Natural
Represented
NWPS
areas
Wilderness
the
Sand
This
state
System
Systems
by Ecosystems
WSA
Mountain
ecosystem
under
Preservation
study
is
would
not
by one
represented
with
this
add
ecosystem
new ecosystem
designated
This
to
area
information
the National
with
is
Wilderness
30245 acres
summarized
There
on Table
TABLE
Ecosystem Representation
NWPS
Bailey-Kuchier
classification
Intermountain
areas
Areas
Other
areas
acres
BLM
Studies
acres
Sagebrush
Province
NATIONWIDE
Desert-Vegetation
Absent
Largely
Ecosystem
30245
12
870403
11
646687
IDAHO
Desert-Vegetation
Absent
Largely
30245
Ecosystem
NEVADA
Desert-Vegetation
Absent
223716
Largely
Ecosystem
427
are
11
the
Expanding
Within
The Sand
acreage
Days
WSA
Mountain
of designated
areas
for Solitude
Opportunities
Driving
is
within
and
five-hour
other
or Primitive
Time Five Hours
BLM
drive
study
of
areas
Recreation
of Major Population
two population
within
Table
centers
five-hour
Centers
drive
summarizes
of the
population
Table
Wilderness
of
Opportunities
Major Population
NWPS
Population
Boise
Centers
Idaho/Salt
Lake
Lake
City Utah
Residents
Centers
Areas
Other
areas
acres
16
4741570
BLM
areas
Studies
acres
City
Utah
Salt
for
and
vicinity
includes
other
cities
of
Provo Orem
428
141
and
Ogden Utah
the
centers
5374250
number
and
the
Balancing
The Sand
WSA
Mountain
would
contribute
to
System by adding an area
existing wilderness
are
in
range
and
Oregon
Nevada
in
areas
Utah
Idaho
Nevada
southeast
Areas
geographic distribution
southeastern
In
Mountain
Rocky Mountains
the
in
in
the Sierra
in
and
Washington
few wilderness
are
concentrated
the
balancing
Wilderness Preservation
areas
of Wilderness
Distribution
Geographic
of
of areas
Range
within
the National
and
Wyoming
Cascade
Mountain
Colorado
There
the
California
the
Idaho
surrounding
region
in
Montana
Idaho
and
Oregon
the
Idaho
southern
Manageability
The
ultimate
closure
the limited
this
Closing
dunes
amount
vehicle
designation
since
the
enforcement
patrols
enforcement
staff
would
or
animals
herd would
An
the
diminish
of
acres
Lands
of
to
ability
has
of
motorized
of
has
for
was
points
especially
than
any
five-state
Regular law
would
additional
require
would
needed
be
recognizable
and
Geology
Minerals
Drifting
Energy
and
mechanical
winter
manipulation
eliminating
by mechanical
feed
of crucial
traditional
of
within
manipulation
landowners
Private
forage
portion
significant
WSA
the
have
for
forage
these
lands the elk
need
would
that
be
to
to
acquired
be made
an exchange
of
the
maintain
the
in
inholding
of
integrity
any area
the
that
is
The
area
designated
None
of
the
lands
have
minerals
been
leasing
under
for the
development
There
is
potential
lava
no
for
building
Values
Mineral
GEM
assessment
1983
Conclusions
Inc
International
Geoexplorers
have
been
filed
leased
All
known
dune
stone
is
oil
is
for
rated
medium
to
report
from
was
prepared
the
report
geothermal resources
lands
and
and
oil gas
potential
sand
for
of the
the simultaneous
of
sand
animals
requested
Resource
The
fences
wilderness
Energy
law
topographical
be necessary
would
used
historically
wilderness
throughout
enforcement
closure
rather
to
excursion
which
identification
boundary
access
has been
area
spread
weekend
eliminated
vehicle
subdivisions
legal
farmed land
to
land
state
and
The
problems
exist
use
of
the
to
opposed
overcome
extreme local opposition
sentiment
this
vehicle
means
other
boundary
supplement
200
that
follow
suffer without
range
by nearly
640
of
inholding
Department
would
range
Without
and
Signing
maintenance
and
opportunities
ensure
boundaries
been
has
to
years
be
region
major
present
There
enthusiasts
identification
boundary
local natural
converting
to
necessary
road
continual
Big game winter
been
of
ORV
few dune-riding
so
southeastern
constructed
require
be
also
1960s
the
in
take
of
characteristics
would
number
high
would
opposition
Several
difficult
enthusiasts
The
difficult
very
local
opportunities
would
early
by
inventory
would
and
northern
feature
initial
the
staff
and
be
ORV
wilderness
as
limited
area
vehicle
recreationists
since
riders since
amount
considerable
WSAs
quality off-road
enthusiasts
other
among
of
with
five-state
would
as wilderness
management
law enforcement
throughout
WSA
Mountain
complicate
motorized
to
area
by off-road
region
would
making
of the
knowledge
with
WSA
Mountain
Sand
of the
management
long-term
Sand
the
gas
are
leased
leasing
Sand
as follows
and
no
for either
system
the
for
are
The
oil
mining claims
and
WSA
gas
has
WSA
Mountain
or are
in
1983
for locatable
available
low-to-medium
for
potential
geothermal resources
the
high
of metallic
development
while
high
the
These
potential
area
readily
429
locatable
for developing
available
minerals
volcanic
outside
the
The
development
cinders
WSA
pumice
and
Idaho
Impacts
The
on
Resources
following
considered
comparative impact table
including
designation
or
summarizes
nondesignation
the effects
of the
entire
430
on
pertinent
Sand
resources
Mountain
WSA
for
area
all
the
as
alternatives
wilderness
Table
Summary
Comparative
WSA
ISSUE
ID-35-3
PROPOSED ACTION NO
ACTION
TOPICS
WILDERNESS/NO
Impacts
on
Wilderness
Values
Naturalness
from
lation
and
seeding
water
Solitude
and
visitor
use
21100
acres
the
300-400
and
values
Big
ize
would
habitat
geolo.
trend
Downward
game
big
and
scenic
in
stabil
and
scenic
but
ORV
Threatened
and
Candidate
410
winter
and
ments
date
Species
species
slight
Stable
would
result
remain
of
but
primrose
tiger
impact
candi
and
and
species
would
be
primrose
status
would
of
beetle
tiger
may
listing
on
develop
and
primitive
eliminated
during
but
fall
winter
during
ORV
by
acres
summer and
by
closure
Long-term
remain
from
may
for
habitat
ORV
and
increases
cause
14540
be
would
tions
term
long
would
but
result
would remain
little
use
could
impact
and
popula
status
unchanged
Partial
have
acres
Stable
slight
tiger
ORV
primrose
on
acres
of
species
mortalities
would
protection
on 6560
use
candidate
beetle
the
term
long
construction
WILDERNESS
occur
not
ma
pro
seeding
water
14540
and
or
degraded on
PARTIAL WILDERNESS/NO
protection
for candidate
use
Populations
and
stable
over
unchanged
ORV
from
beetle
populations
habitat
Long-term
14540
Solitude
recreation
cause
for
ORV
vegetative
and
livestock
use
could
partially
nearby
campground
jects
spe
ACEC
mortalities
by
from
acres
nipulation
management
increases
use
individual
primitive
Naturalness
acres
ORV
to
geologic
use
maintained
Impacts
prim
and
enhanced
degraded
spring
Endangered
and
and
Solitude
recreation
spe
candidate
NO WILDERNESS
geologic
by
and
values
of
beetle
tiger
protec
and supple
below optimum
populations
levels
on
game
of
cies
Long-term
naturalness
values
mental
rose
and
beetle
tiger
winter
by
sensitive
maintained
SRMA
and
acres
scenic
values
candi
habitats
of
and
primrose
benefit
acres
of
tion
Wilder
acres
would
wildlife
species
WILDERNESS
PARTIAL WILDERNESS
6560
supplemental
recreation
maintained
proposed
by
snow
days
char
on 21100
stable
gic
portion
use
closure
on
use
and on 5300
eastern
15800
habitat
cies
fall
years
protection
date
spring
Primitive
solitude
western
ORV
during
visitor
mobiling
and
ORV
of
days
20
of wilderness
and
values
PARTIAL
ALTERNATIVE
beyond
protection
ness
by 4000-5000
and
in
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Fish
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434
U.S
GOVERNMENT
PRINTING
OFFICE
1991591-223/41
701
REGION
NO.10