Jawinski, P., Mauche, N., Ulke, C., Huang, J., Spada, J., Enzenbach, C., Sander, C., Hegerl, U., Hensch, T., Tobacco use is associated
with reduced amplitude and intensity dependence of the cortical auditory evoked N1-P2 component. Psychopharmacology (Berl.)
Corresponding author: Mr. Philippe Jawinski, [email protected]
Supplementary Materials
Table S1
Group characteristics of total sample (N = 1739)
group comparison
current
smokers (c)
exsmokers (e)
neversmokers (n)
mean rank (c/e/n)
χ²df
p
137
506
1096
-
-
-
Sex (m/f)
70 / 67
353 / 153
440 / 656
-
121.5962
Age (yrs)
67.3 (7.2)
68.9 (9.2)
69.2 (8.3)
756 / 875 / 882
7.7582
.021*
Socioeconomic status
12.2 (4.6)
13.3 (4.6)
12.5 (4.3)
762 / 899 / 870
7.9632
.019*
Alcohol past 12 months (g/d)
5.9 (20.5)
7.8 (18.4)
3.1 (12.5)
904 / 991 / 810
46.1642
<.001**
Caffeine prior to EEG (mg)
252 (189)
189 (189)
189 (158)
1013 / 900 / 838
17.8702
<.001**
Hearing threshold level (dB SPL)
6.8 (12.5)
6.3 (12.6)
5.8 (11.8)
905 / 866 / 867
0.7442
.690
Age of onset (yrs)
20 (7)
18 (4)
-
373 / 308 /
-
13.2801
<.001**
Cigarettes per day
10 (10)
10 (14)
-
331 / 290 /
-
5.1591
.023
Years of smoking
46 (9)
20 (18)
-
540 / 262 /
-
240.0061
<.001**
21.8 (22.8)
11.5 (16.5)
-
424 / 294 /
-
52.7901
<.001**
-
25 (18)
-
-
-
-
Karolinska Sleepiness Scale
3 (0)
3 (0)
3 (0)
898 / 838 / 881
4.0742
.130
VIGALL lability score1
5 (5)
6 (6)
6 (6)
696 / 776 / 774
3.5852
.167
-1.4 (1.1)
-1.4 (1.1)
-1.4 (1.1)
820 / 760 / 765
1.8872
.389
5.2 (1.3)
5.0 (1.4)
5.1 (1.3)
826 / 755 / 767
2.4452
.294
n
General characteristics
<.001**
Tobacco use
Pack years
Quit duration (yrs)
Arousal prior to IAEP paradigm
1
VIGALL slope index
VIGALL mean vigilance1
Except for sex and n, descriptive statistics are presented as median (interquartile-range). Inference statistics are based on χ²- (sex) and
Kruskal-Wallis-Test (all other variables).
1
*
**
VIGALL data were available for n = 121 current smokers, n = 440 ex-smokers and n = 974 never-smokers. Higher scores of slope index
and mean vigilance and lower lability scores, respectively, indicate higher levels of brain arousal.
p < .050
p < .005
1
Jawinski, P., Mauche, N., Ulke, C., Huang, J., Spada, J., Enzenbach, C., Sander, C., Hegerl, U., Hensch, T., Tobacco use is associated
with reduced amplitude and intensity dependence of the cortical auditory evoked N1-P2 component. Psychopharmacology (Berl.)
Corresponding author: Mr. Philippe Jawinski, [email protected]
Table S2 Reliabilities of N1, P2 and N1-P2 and respective partial Spearman correlations with the amount of cigarettes consumed
current smokers
odd-even
reliability1
test-retest
reliability
1739
15
72 dB SPL
.802 (<.001)**
.707 (.003)**
78 dB SPL
.812 (<.001)
**
**
.793 (<.001)
.191 (.028)
84 dB SPL
.841 (<.001)**
.386 (.156)
.207 (.017)*
90 dB SPL
.851 (<.001)**
.429 (.111)
.241 (.005)*
96 dB SPL
.884 (<.001)
**
Mean
.962 (<.001)
**
.811 (<.001)
.218 (.012)
Linear slope
.611 (<.001)**
.354 (.196)
.121 (.166)
n
cigarettes/day
ex-smokers
pack years
cigarettes/day
137
pack years
506
N1
Median slope
.566 (<.001)
**
**
.718 (.003)
**
.232 (.405)
.185 (.033)*
.066 (.139)
*
.211 (.015)
.025 (.573)
.017 (.711)
.229 (.008)**
.016 (.720)
-.007 (.872)
.249 (.004)**
.079 (.076)
.052 (.245)
.186 (.032)*
.106 (.018)*
.069 (.123)
.235 (.006)
.071 (.110)
.035 (.438)
.106 (.227)
.093 (.037)*
.017 (.711)
.070 (.421)
.051 (.560)
*
.110 (.013)
-.007 (.872)
.160 (.066)
*
*
.170 (.050)
*
**
.035 (.438)
P2
72 dB SPL
.666 (<.001)**
.768 (.001)**
-.106 (.225)
-.107 (.221)
.012 (.793)
.088 (.048)*
78 dB SPL
.730 (<.001)
**
**
-.116 (.185)
-.116 (.183)
-.044 (.329)
.056 (.211)
84 dB SPL
.763 (<.001)
**
**
.832 (<.001)
-.160 (.066)
-.138 (.113)
-.038 (.402)
.039 (.379)
90 dB SPL
.801 (<.001)**
.871 (<.001)**
-.043 (.619)
-.053 (.541)
-.019 (.677)
.074 (.097)
96 dB SPL
.848 (<.001)
**
**
.782 (.001)
-.021 (.809)
-.037 (.672)
-.022 (.617)
.060 (.177)
Mean
.941 (<.001)**
.907 (<.001)**
-.111 (.202)
-.117 (.182)
-.019 (.666)
.035 (.438)
Linear slope
.609 (<.001)
**
.389 (.152)
.081 (.356)
.070 (.422)
-.036 (.425)
.017 (.711)
Median slope
.586 (<.001)**
.161 (.567)
.092 (.294)
.074 (.397)
-.049 (.270)
-.007 (.872)
72 dB SPL
.875 (<.001)**
.943 (<.001)**
-.195 (.024)*
-.216 (.012)*
-.039 (.389)
.036 (.424)
78 dB SPL
.906 (<.001)
**
**
*
-.209 (.016)*
-.047 (.290)
.031 (.487)
84 dB SPL
.924 (<.001)
**
.843 (<.001)
-.236 (.006)
-.240 (.005)
-.045 (.319)
.038 (.399)
90 dB SPL
.924 (<.001)**
.804 (<.001)**
-.202 (.020)*
-.213 (.014)*
-.073 (.101)
.008 (.863)
96 dB SPL
.940 (<.001)
**
**
.907 (<.001)
-.125 (.151)
-.145 (.096)
-.086 (.054)
.006 (.894)
Mean
.982 (<.001)**
.950 (<.001)**
-.209 (.016)*
-.222 (.010)*
-.064 (.155)
.035 (.438)
.700 (.004)
N1-P2
.904 (<.001)
**
*
-.196 (.024)
*
Linear slope
.769 (<.001)
**
.536 (.040)
.002 (.986)
Median slope
.753 (<.001)**
.357 (.191)
-.041 (.643)
**
.010 (.905)
*
-.094 (.035)
.017 (.711)
-.035 (.686)
-.099 (.026)*
-.007 (.872)
1
Data are shown as Spearman rank correlations (p value). Odd-even reliabilities are Spearman-Brown corrected. Effects of sex, age, average
amount of alcohol consumed daily during the past 12 months, and amount of caffeine consumed prior to EEG were partialled out for
correlations between cigarette consumption (cigarettes/day, pack years) and amplitudes and slopes of N1, P2, and N1-P2, respectively.
*
**
p < .050
p < .010
2
Jawinski, P., Mauche, N., Ulke, C., Huang, J., Spada, J., Enzenbach, C., Sander, C., Hegerl, U., Hensch, T., Tobacco use is associated with reduced amplitude and intensity dependence of the cortical
auditory evoked N1-P2 component. Psychopharmacology (Berl.)
Corresponding author: Mr. Philippe Jawinski, [email protected]
Table S3 N1, P2 and N1-P2 amplitudes (µV) and slope parameters (µV/6dB increase) stratified by smoking status and subsample
subsample 1 (never- and ex-smokers matched to current smokers)
subsample 2 (never-smokers matched to ex-smokers)
ANCOVA
current
smokers (c)
n
exneversmokers (e) smokers (n)
136
272
72 dB
-5.34 (0.21)
-5.37 (0.15)
-5.58 (0.10)
78 dB
-5.72 (0.22)
-5.91 (0.16)
-6.01 (0.11)
84 dB
-6.05 (0.23)
-6.25 (0.17)
-6.58 (0.12)
90 dB
-6.44 (0.25)
-6.81 (0.18)
-7.08 (0.12)
Fdf
ηp²
ANCOVA
p
544
exsmokers (e)
neversmokers (n)
468
468
Fdf
ηp²
p
N1
96 dB
smoking status main effect
2.8512,947
.006
.058
-5.01 (0.11)
-5.37 (0.11)
-5.43 (0.12)
-5.78 (0.12)
smoking status x tone intensity
3.2086.7,3172.7
.007
.003**
-5.83 (0.13)
-6.36 (0.13)
-6.31 (0.13)
-6.75 (0.13)
smoking status main effect
8.6601,932
.009
.003**
smoking status x tone intensity
3.0683.3,3032.7 .003
.023*
-6.65 (0.27)
-7.32 (0.19)
-7.65 (0.13)
-6.80 (0.15)
-7.52 (0.15)
Linear slope
-0.056 (0.008)
-0.080 (0.005)
-0.087 (0.004)
6.5592,947
.014
.001**
-0.074 (0.004)
-0.088 (0.004)
5.0581,932
.005
.025*
Median slope
-0.054 (0.008)
-0.078 (0.006)
-0.086 (0.004)
6.5042,947
.014
.002**
-0.072 (0.004)
-0.086 (0.004)
5.5041,932
.006
.019*
72 dB
4.29 (0.18)
4.18 (0.13)
4.35 (0.09)
4.06 (0.09)
4.20 (0.09)
78 dB
4.86 (0.19)
4.83 (0.13)
5.17 (0.09)
4.73 (0.10)
4.99 (0.10)
84 dB
5.80 (0.21)
5.58 (0.15)
6.09 (0.10)
5.44 (0.11)
5.86 (0.11)
90 dB
6.32 (0.23)
6.46 (0.16)
6.85 (0.12)
6.28 (0.12)
6.62 (0.12)
96 dB
6.67 (0.27)
6.68 (0.19)
7.29 (0.14)
P2
smoking status main effect
3.8142,947
.008
.022*
smoking status x tone intensity
2.0626.3,2973.1
.004
.051
smoking status main effect
5.6571,932
.006
.018*
smoking status x tone intensity
1.9443.2,3023.5 .002
.115
6.49 (0.14)
6.97 (0.14)
*
0.107 (0.005)
0.119 (0.005)
3.5431,932
.004
.060
0.108 (0.005)
0.119 (0.005)
2.6141,932
.003
.106
9.07 (0.14)
9.57 (0.14)
10.15 (0.16)
10.77 (0.16)
11.27 (0.18)
12.21 (0.18)
12.58 (0.19)
13.36 (0.19)
Linear slope
0.103 (0.009)
0.110 (0.006)
0.126 (0.005)
3.5022,947
.007
.031
Median slope
0.103 (0.009)
0.113 (0.006)
0.126 (0.005)
3.0902,947
.006
.046*
72 dB
9.64 (0.28)
9.55 (0.20)
9.93 (0.14)
78 dB
10.57 (0.31)
10.73 (0.22)
11.17 (0.15)
84 dB
11.85 (0.34)
11.82 (0.24)
12.67 (0.17)
90 dB
12.75 (0.37)
13.26 (0.26)
13.92 (0.19)
96 dB
13.31 (0.42)
13.99 (0.30)
14.93 (0.21)
N1-P2
Linear slope
Median slope
0.159 (0.012)
0.161 (0.012)
0.190 (0.008)
0.190 (0.008)
0.213 (0.006)
0.213 (0.006)
smoking status main effect
4.6792,947
.010
.010**
smoking status x tone intensity
5.9134.9,2311.4
.012
2E-5**
9.2342,947
8.6062,947
.019
.018
smoking status main effect
11.6931,932
.012
.001**
smoking status x tone intensity
6.6692.5,2347.7 .007
5E-4**
13.29 (0.22)
14.49 (0.22)
1E-4
**
0.181 (0.006)
0.207 (0.006)
9.5311,932
.010
.002**
2E-4
**
0.180 (0.006)
0.207 (0.006)
9.8501,932
.010
.002**
1
Data are presented as estimated marginal mean (standard error). Sex and exact age on assessment date served as covariates. Amplitudes across five tone intensities were entered into repeated-measures
ANCOVAs with tone intensity as within- and smoking status as between-subjects factor. Linear and median slope, respectively, were entered as dependent variables into univariate ANCOVAs with smoking
status as between-subjects factor. Note that there was an overlap of both subsamples: 57.5% of subjects included in subsample 2 were also included in subsample 1 analyses.
*
**
p < .050
p < .010
3