U.S
Department
Bureau
CH
of
Land
of the
interior
Management
Lakeview
District
Lakeview
Resource Area
47
Bureau of Land Managemcnt
HC
_________________
UnorpaalawITceIUE
10 Box 337
Lakeview
Oregon 97630
Scpember 2000
..r
Areas of Critical Environmental
Concern Nomination Analysis Report
For the Lakeview Resource Area
Resource Management
Pan
As
Nations
the
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ACEC Nomination
Analysis
Table
Report
of Coolants
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Relevance
Management
II
II
and Importance
ACEC/RJTA
Hawk Mountain
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
ACEC
ACEC/RNA
10
LIE
10
111
20
III
22
III
25
III
27
III
31
III
33
37
III
40
Hills
ACECIRNA
III
42
Ill
45
III
47
IL
51
LV
53
Table
Black
Juniper
Mountain
Rim
Hill ACEC
ACEC/RNA
Addition
of Preparers
to
Lake
Abert
ACEC
References
VI
13
-16
Rock
Lake
List
LIE
III
Foley
Red Knoll Tucker
IV
Areas
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
ACEC
Rahilly-Gravelly
Abert
Proposed
LII
Rim ACEC/RNA
Lake
Criteria for
LII
ACEC/RNA
Hawk Mountain
Fish Creek
II
ACEC/RNA
Creek
High Lakes
IT
Criteria
of Relevance
Hills
Lakes
II
Process
Evaluation
Spanish
Designation
for Special
Connley
II
II
Criteria
Importance
Evaluation
II
Concern
Areas
for
Requirements
Guano
Environmental
Natural
Need
and Process
Requirements
of Critical
Research
Sink
Conceni
Nominations
II Definitions
III
Environmental
Nominations
Previous
Areas
of Critical
Areas
Existing
Current
Appendix
VII Map
54
VI
57
VII
58
AEC Nonunation
Analysis
this
throughout
ACEC
BLM
Bureau
CFR
EA
of
area
Code
IMP
Wilderness
LRA
Lakeview
ONHP
ONRC
RMP
RNA
lnterini
Management
Antelope
Management
Refuge
Management
Resource
Area Resource
of Fish
and
Wildlife
vehicle
Oregon Natural
High Desert Association
Oregon Natural
Heritage
Oregon Natural
Resources
resource management
traditional
TNC
The
Program
Council
plan
area
cultural
property
site
Nature Conservancy
USFS
U.S
Forest
U.S
visual
States
Department
of the Interior
Service
Fish and
Wildlife
Service
resources management
wilderness
study
Project
Policy
framework plans
research natural
Act
Area
Resource
off-highway
TCP
VRM
WSA
statement
Oregon Department
USFWS
concern
Columbia Basin Ecosystem
management
United
and acronyms
Regulations
impact
Lakeview
USD1
abbreviations
assessment
Interior
LRARMP
list/or
of Land Management
of Federal
Hart Mountain National
ICBEMP
ODFW
0KV
ONDA
following
Federal Land Policy and
HMNAR
MFP
to the
environmental
critical
environmental
FLPMA
refer
document
environmental
EIS
and Acroinu
and Acronyms
Abbreviations
Reader itote Please
Abbreviations
Report
area
Management
Plan
commonly
used
ACEC Nominalion
Anctlvsis
Introduction
Repoit
Introduction
Area Resource
Resource
LRARMP
staff
considered
environmental
RNA
an
as
area of
ACEC
concern
The
Federal
Management
Act
FLPMA
Management
BLM
the
require
protection
at
LRA
Area
for
and
research natural
USD1-BUM
policy
BLM to give priority
of ACECs during the
to
1987
1988
and
designation
Rick
other
process
the
Two ACEC/RNAs
Lake
Sand
ACEC/RNA
ACEC
were
and
in the existing
but not designated
ACEC/RNA USDI-BLM
1983b
potential
Several other areas
ACEC
Management
USDI-BLM
criteria
Environmental
Final
982a
However
not evaluated
but were
resource
the
at that
time
have
two plan amendments
ACEC
Wetlands
Since
and
the
planning
considered
addressed
planning
Lake Abert
within
this
planning
process across
the
that
and
entire
Warner
changes
are
ACEC
The
be
minimal
LRA
1992
the
Heritage
or members
BLM
of the public
contracted
Program
evaluate plant
and
BUM
ONHP
animal
at
is
Lake
being
as
no
analyses
to
ACEC
staff
any
if
RNA
of the lake
on
of management
ACEC
and
might
land
now
Forest
will
but no
will
be
outside
is
Garden
plan has even
require
changes
are
analyzed to
be fornied on
rim
top of the east
No
create
management
Wetlands
Lake Abert
ACEC
Lake/Lost
analyzed
the
Wetlands
Devils
for the
Dunes/Fossil
Warner
anticipated
ACEC
by
Dunes/Fossil
plan
written
to the
agencies
ACEC
detennine
nominated
be repeated
ACECs in
existing
ACEC Warner
ACEC and Lost
Abert
Sand
upcoming
Background
be
four
are
Garden
being proposed
management
end
ACECs may
will not
Critical
they are being
the
This
1998
evaluation
separate
Areas of
there
LRA Devils
ACEC Lake
RNA
1995
ACECs
At present
been
process
evaluation
to
1989
require
21
to as
here
ForestRNA/Sand
1983
in
the
at
USDI-BLM
regulations
the
during
management
completed
nominations
the
whole was
approved
been
ONDA
and
and
referred
Grazing
meet
to
as
the
Since
MFPs were
framework plans
address specific
area
commonly
1999
Oregon
ONDA
Statement
Impact
not
USDI-BLM
relatively
the
Environmental Concern
for
Lakeview
found
in
Di
and
staff
University
ACEC
Pronghdni
Existing
1983a
considered
in the
which
cosponsors
is
Resources
BLM
was made by
proposal
are
Hills
1982b
were
designation
of
Natural
tribes
State
Vander
status
protective
Connley
982a
various
were
for
along with other
High Desert Association
document
generation
another area was given
document
proposal was ev1uated
Forest/Fossil
Garden Lava Bed
Devils
designated
land use plans and
management
Dunes/Lost
RNA
and
ook
to
sites
recommended
were
ACEC
Oregon
rop.osed
and
Over 20
from the Oregon
ACEC
Natural
land use planning
resource area
Those recommendations
in this
Miller
recent
sites
ONRC
Council
the
nominations
both
1992
nominations
of Land
Bureau
10
for
designation
considered
Land Policy and
and
ACEC
previous
Shchaff
critical
within
i-epresented
examined and
within the resource area
lands
all
Resource
cells
Plan
Management
Lakeview
the
possible designation
area
of the Lakeview
of the preparation
in anticipation
the
northern
the existing
analyzed
for addition
ACEC
established
other
tinie
In
Current Nominations
with the Oregon Natural
to
conduct
community
survey
natural
to
heritage
The
areas
listed
ACEC/RNAs
below have
and
are
been
nominated
being evaluated
as
for potential
1-5
CEC Nomination
as
desigiiation
management
ACEC
avoid
to
to
upcoming
the
planning
changed
confusion
process
Tucker
proposed
has been
below
13
RMP
for the
Introduction
Report
precursor
plan
The name
see
Analysis
Hill
Plush
see Map
Pronghorn
ACEC
Red Knoll
the
to
with the mining
area
on
Hill
Tucker
Connley
Sink
elsewhere
in
text
Playa
Lake Wildlife Management
Fremont National
Area
with
Forest
Lake/Duncan
Area
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
Creek
Hawk Mountain
II
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
ACEC
ACEC/RNA
Lakes
Rim
Fish Creek
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
Lake
Spanish
Silver
see discussion
Hills
Hawk Mountain
High
Powerline
Silver
Lakes
Guano
Road
resource
Rahilly-Gravelly
10
Foley
Lake
ACEC/RNA
11
Table
Rock
12
Black
Hills
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
13 Red
Knoll
14
Juniper
15
Abert
Rim
the
During
Addition
RMP
Guano
Creek and
further
consideration
to
Lakeview
of the upcoming
development
Area
Resource
Hill ACEC
ACEC/RNA
Lake Abert ACEC
Tucker
Mountain Proposed
Hawk Mountain
Sink Lakes
may
and
If
and
be combined
for
Previous Nominations
The
as
list
following
ACEC/RNAs
potential
These
of areas
proposals
were
evaluation
process and
relevance
importance
were
previously proposed
USDI-BLM
reviewed
as part
were found
criteria
See
1982b
of
this
not to meet the
Appendix
for
descriptions
Lake
Alkalie
Bull
Toxic
Waste
Site
Lake
Christmas
Coleman
Crane
Elvmus
Guano
Lake
Lake
Mountain From
triticoides
Site
Valley
1-6
ACEC Nomination
Analysis
II
Report
Definitions
and Process
Requirements
II Definitions Requirements and Process
Areas of Critical
man
Environmental Concern
to
43 CFR
regulations
ACEC
as
special
management
areas
is
an
are
important historic
and
wildlife
when
such
damage
irreparable
or scenic
values
natural
and
life
an
where
required
prevent
or other
protect
define
lands
where no development
or
cultural
resources
or to
processes
is
used
and
to protect
1610
part
the public
attention
or
developed
required
to
within
area
systems
from
safety
and
animals
All
managed
as
manager
defined
which
such
designations
in that
the
that
ACEC
and
in
designation
uninue and
an
It
is
unique
and
was
Manual
give
required
ACEC
an
be
in that
no
The
intent
of
designation
priQrity to
land use
the
LM
ACECs
the
containing
truly
resource values
interest
and
educational
in the
RNA
manage
is
are
pnmarily
BLM
progranis to
natural
to
areas
and
as
identify
containing
for
the
to preserve examples
the
of
all
basic
area
he
can
values
han
area
merit
being designated
plan
are
area
Cells
elements
that
one
Oregon
Natural
Land Board
Heritage
1993
in
of the Federal
an
ONHP
Manual
and
management
cooperate
State
Designation
an area
of these
three
criteria
l98
and
evaluation
Specific
elements
are
by
to the
program
for
importance
USDI-BLM
cells
created
Council
are the
They
ACEC
an
was
Advisory
must
area
research and
ONHP
as
areas
to
iii
aggregates several
The
representation
ONHP
by the
natural
can
more ecosystem
or
RNA
Typically
need
State
contain
cells
organism
or
habitat
used
evaluate
and
classify
inventory
These
system
constructs
artificial
must be
units that
natural
Requirements
designate
listed
listed in
require
meet
the
BLM
special
questions
for
each
below
and
important scientific
on BLM-administered
ONHP 1993
the
in
counterpart
resource values of scientific
nianaged
purpose
values located
According
natural
as
may aso
it
the
an ecosystem community
relevance
which contains
are
To be designated
RNAs
defines
cells
Oregon
the
Natural Areas
1623.3
resource management
represented
Cells
through
to the
of areas
protection
significant
Research
within
is
of designation
the
to
the
RNA
The one
area
administrative
accomplished
mandating
FLPMA
in the
activity
is
in
ot1er
RNA
status
prior to
management
field
RNA cell
ACEC
encompass
ACEC/RNA
for
by the
does not automatically
plan of operation
uses this form
of Congress
BLM
is
process
other agency
through
mining
designation
designation
planning
other uses
WSA
study areas
itself
mining
any proposed
The
by
interim
management
special
wilderness
designation
is
exception
other
as
or restrict
prohibit
for
from
to
both the
an
The
not be needed for the
may
qualifies
ACECs differ
RNA
Supplement
for
base
preserve
and
and
must meet
approved
data
to
plants
writing by
in
team and
ONHP
and
designated
RNAs
all
well as the need
as
in the
than the
larger
are
Manual
applied
as
studies
by
for
research areas
endangered
BLM RNAs
interdisciplinary
or
natural
and
ACECs OR
criteria
fish
hazards
environmental
1623.35 Therefore
ACEC
and
educational
of typical
poois
with those influenced
comparison
provide
ecological
gene
BLM
for
ecosystems
land
purpose
for
significant
RNAs
Relevance
Criteria
Does
contain
the
area
one
or
more of
the
following
scenic
value
natural
significant
historic
cultural
or
11
ACEC
Nomination
and
fish
Analysis
wildlife
Natural
Ii
Report
Definitions
resource
implement
value
described
value
resource
have
above
Does
substantial
meet one
it
or hazard
system process
more of
or
the
evaluating
or
significance
it
following
more than
compared
locally
to similar
or hazards within
does
have
it
rare
unique endangered
adverse
has
it
satisfy
does
it
safety
or
public
warranting
it
be
for
criteria
and
1610.7-2
determined
of the
is
III
ACEC
responsible
if
and
it
composed
as
to
need
through
potential
for
meets
requires
the
the
special
evaluation
ACECs considered
importance
The
area as
summarizes
Table
each
an
determine
area to
section
is
the
whether
criteria
The
of evaluations
it
as
for special
meets
defined
of
the
in
43
will
management
RMP/EJS
to
or to
FLPMA
to
highlighting
concerns
management
significant
in
protection
concerns
warrant
public welfare
pose
about
or
threat
to
human
and
life
or property
value
resource
manage
values
Special
needed
when
Current
Management
system process
management
special
appropriately
the
management
given
change
not consistent
The change
is
defined
activities
in
are
management
management
action
of the normal
practices
in
or
relevant/important
with the existing
unusual or outside
management
hazard
or
as or
is
not sufficient
relevant/important resource
to protect
The needed
to protect
management
value and
is
or vulnerable
priority
of
that
qualities
for Special
the
require
have
and
safety
Does
national
out the mandates
does
Need
as
recognized
order to satisfy
carry
who
exemplary
irreplaceable
threatened
nominates
BLM
change
been
it
make
that
the
proposed
relevance
CFR
circumstances
or
each
or Nation
region
qualities
especially
systems processes
resources
the
sensitive
fragile
significant
who
the
management
findings
it
is
relevance/importance
following
criteria
is
of
Regardless
ACEC
the
designation
Evaluation Process
Criteria
Importance
Does
ACEC
without
process or system or
hazard
natural
and Prucess
Requirements
typically
management
needed
is
land use
is
that
plans
considered
range
of
used
is
difficult
to
11
.4
CEC Nomination
Analysis
Report
ii
.Noinination evaluation summaries
Table
Definitions
of
areas
the
Resource
ACEC/RNA
Proposed
RNA
Hills
Coimley
RNA
Relevance/importance
3599
Botanical
2322
Guano Creek RNA
Hawk
RNA
Mountain
Hawk
Mountain
2614
11
RNA
Lakes
High
12485
4856
40095
and
and
arid
Botanical
and
steppe
Botanical
and
grassland
steppe
of
of
site
Rim RNA
8725
and
Cultural
Significant
Bureau
Spanish
Lake
RNA
4699
Rahilley-.Gravellv
20.127
values
and
Cultural
RNA
2747
and
Cultural
settlement
BLM
Table
Rock
5139
Cultural
RNA
Hills
3048
Knoll
Tucker
Abert
Juniper
formerly
11588
Hill
Rim
Mountain
18028
6335
values
Botanical
age
Red
botanical
with
classes
sites
of
high
desert
of
high
desert
7.000
upto
Evidence
of
Two
sites
in
old
cultural
environment
upland
and
years
long-term
for traditional
Basin
in
ONI-lP
and
for
values
scenic
also
plant
disjunct
cell
old
Two
Ecosystems
Range
and
traditional
cultural
values
Unique
plant
Cultural
and
comniunity
biodiverse
old
containing
plani
growth
Two
western
wide
Presence of
ELM
sensitive
high
juniper
in
and
resource
to
Plant
SCflSitiVc
procurement
and
diversify
site
May
presence
of
western
ancient
of
Presence oitwo
types
as
qualify
sensitive
variety
plant
juniper
TCP
community
plants
sites
beach
For
important
erosion
terraces
species
cultural
high
sites
Ecosystems
Bureau
and
density
communities
related
diverse
ecological
in
Ecosystems
of unique
density
distribution
Ecosystems
cLiltural
significant
species
Range
limited
and Range
Presence of Bureau
western juniper
community
research
sites
Important
high
of
and Range
cultural
growth
with
Basin
TCP
as
Basin and
community
pine
for
variety
Basin
practices
high
values
art
comimmnities
cell
and
for
values
cell
rock
eligible
cells
qualify
significant
religious
species
May
geological
Botanical
ofbiodiversity
significant
scrub
density
and
Cultural
of
ONHP
needs
cell
values
and
ash
high
Paiute
ONHP
species
sensitive
Ecosystems
Range
Ecosystems
plants
be
fslay
ONHP
desert
meets
values
Northern
botanical
sensitive
Bureau
Black
for
patterns
of
cultural
density
fills
salt
Great Basin
Meets
species
plant
of
diversity
botanical
area
high
diversity
Ecosystems
plants
and Northern
gathering
Foley Lake
values
species
sensitive
Botanical
LRA
botanical
plant
and
Range
oibiodivcrsitv
Range
concentration
landscape
Basin and
for
Basin
for
example
outstanding
people and
designation
plant
Range
and sagebrushfsandberg
poo1
example
especially
TCP
Basin and
present
Basin and
for
high
Unique
diversity
for
cell
cells
cell
plants
outstanding
cell
values
tribal
ONHP
fills
and animals
plants
vernal
ONHP
Fills
Cultural
values
ecological
elevation
area
ONHP
Fills
botanical
and
low
scabland
values
ecological
species
ONHP
fills
values
values
in
plants
of
habitat
Oregon
in
values
ecological
grassland
essential
site
archaeological
sandbergii
sensitive
relationship
Creek
this
ecological
Bureau
property
to
Outstanding
Poa
Cultural
values
ecological
Botanical
Botanical
values
limited
bluegrass
Diversity
Fish
concern
values
Acres
Ecosystems
Lakes
environmtnta/
critical
of
communities
Sink
and Process
Requirements
plants
species
diversity
Meets
ONHP
description
11
-9
1CEC
Nomination
Analysis
Evaluation
Ill
Report
of Relevance
and Importance
Proposed Areas
Criteria for
ACEC/RNA
Hills
Connley
AU
of Section
Relevance
The Connley
Hills
south of Fort
Rock
in
and
the
and
Oregon
Covering
understory
bunchgrasses
Agropron
spicatwn
idahoensis and
3599
the
Values
and
feet
to
No
systematic
several
intuitive
scale
and
in the
shown
fescue Festuca
Hills
RNA
management
Hills
to
BLM
be
managed
1979
1983
in the
ONHP
LC
1985 an
In
and rocksheiters
In
analysis
are
for the
by
1992
Connley
Lake
Oregon
indicated
been
much
as
County
1994
11
the
as
000
description
is
as
area
Schaaf
into
follows
was included
1992
section
Parts
of
Lithic
been
these
Luther
of the University
of
excavations
were
Aikens
years ago
scatters
identified
Several areas
on
materials
as
occupied
and
Jenkins
the
26 35
Section 36
ofithtc
scatters
1-tave
formation
historic
corral
identified
of felled
on the
formation
occupation
stone such
of Section
of
sites
recorded
this
Small
14E
Portions
been
Connley Caves
archaeological
that
formation
the
have
Bedwell
Stephan
COl1ducted
Work
Within
rock shelters
area known
Uistoric
T.26S
All
has
Lake County
the
Vander
incorporated
the
In the
and
caves
western junipers has been
legal
of this material
formation has value
Cressman and
interim
area has also
Hills
Land Use Plan
1989
as
time was found
that
at
document
The
large
been
11.Pt
several
RNA/ACEC USD1-
RNA
potential
report
evaluated
first
was signed
an
as
Connley
Comprehensive
of that
1976 and
agreement
as
was
condition
984.The
identified
area
in
in excellent
be
and
acres
The Connley
to
have
Stipa
area covers
Caves
proposed
the
that
Evaluation
area
Hills
However
surveys
project
research project
archaeological
completed
wbeatgrass
Connley
date
to
completed
surveys
big
tridentata
western needlegrass
of the entire
survey
has been
consist
site
occk
bluebunch
Idaho
the
fdiinatfn
on
The present proposal
occidentalis
4500
from
A.rtemisia tridentata
sagebrush
Paulina
called
of aspects
variety
of western juniper Juniperus
about
north of the
communities
plant
located
is
of mountains
in elevation
ranging
5500 feet
Criteria
and Cultural Analysis
Historical
ACEC/RNA
proposed
low range
small
Connley Hills
slopes
and Importance
of Area
Description
Marsh
Proposed AJeUS
for
and Importance
Evaluation of Relevance
III
Criteria
identified
as
on
sites
manos and
the
Some
areas
with ground
metates have
been
formation
T.27S R.l4E
Portions
of Section
11 12
111
10
ACEC
Nomination
Record
ReportIll
Analysis
Evaluation
of
Re/evwce
and Importance
of Occupation
Work by
the
Wildlife
of Oregon has
University
record of occupation
established
formation which extends
This work
years
over four
back
indicates
Values
11000
The good condition of
use of the cave
1973
for the
The
Findings
during
Connley
sites
Hills
which have
presently
identified
meets
the critcria
There
are
few
which have
dated
from
for
areas
cultural
in the
have
The
significant
to
The
Some
from
area
tio
Great Basin
the
meets
the
than
of the earliest
basin have
come
the
for
criteria
The
absence
Analysis
habitat
satisfy
not
have
the
vegetation
flat
desert
surrounding
However
they
ranges in the area The
inventoried and
Ill
BLM
Il9S0
for
provide
in the
Connley
to
the
definition
Fort
Rock
as
Hills
managed
YRM
as
VRM
value
and
importance
therefore
criteria
do not meet
USD1-
classes
significant
the
that
crucial
is
or
endangered
habitat
or sensitive
for
locally
make
it
warranting
criteria
Hills
characteristics
the
Basin and
broad uneven
scenic
relevance
up
are
Basin and
Physiographic
volcanic
not contain
the
were
Appendix and
of
between
faulting
do
threatened
There
fbr
or wildlife
species
species
relevance
The
significant
qualities
fragile
nor has
under
protection
for
does
diversity
area
it
does
or
been
FLPMA
so
importance
and Natural Hazards Analysis
The Connley
other small
to
Fiding
Hills
wintering bald
birds
nongame
for
mule deer
the
broken
The Conntey
for
Values
from
change
are similar
are currently
IV refer
and
Class
Hills
terrain
habitat
mammals
maintaining
criterion
more than
Geology
topographic
and
known
for
does not satisfy
Values
Basin
of any
essential
not
it
Connley
pressured off the forest to
small
endangered
threatened
recognized
and
also
and
species
circumstances
The tree-covered
County elk
fields
alfalfa
provides
habitat
Lake
forage for elk
area
importance
Scenic
also
range
crucial
sensitive
when
season
other raptors
O\vn
kt
private
and
of refLigia
Findings
Northern
date
and
eagles
adjacent
The area
winter
crucial
on
has not
which have
sites
more information
materials
these sites
are
the area
relevance
provided
Hills
Connley
While
those
compete inventory
been
prehistoric
important information
of the region
the prehistory
had
area has significant
provided
security
cover
and
an area
of North
population
on
hunting
west
the
The
expanding
feeding
western juniper/bunchgrass
of the area create
area provides
when
the
steepness of the terrain
the
semi-remoteness
of the area Bedwell
important to past occupants
and
comniunity
more time periods was very
or
Analysis
for the
some
that
Ci-ite-ictJrProposedArx
by
located
Range
Provinces
The
of both of these
Province
Range
plateau
late
geology
Tertiary-
domes
to
Plains
displays
In
provinces
is
zone
transitional
High Lava
feet
to
characterize
by
above
leveL
sea
block
Holocene-age
Tertiary-
area
this
characterized
40005000
Higher-elevation
flows and
in the
and
Quatern
ary-age
portions
of the
province
or
The Counley
Hills
include
Horning
Bend
an
eroded
III
mid
.4CEC
Nwnination
Analysis
lava
Pliocene-age
Hayes Butte
volcano
late
There
known
no
are
and
and
Proposed Arca
Criteriafor
from the action
shield
pyroclastic
The
Connley
hazards in the
area
cells
basaltic
natural
and Lrnporance
of Relevance
composition
composite
Pliocene-age
of basalt
consisting
material
of andesitic
cone
Evaluation
ill
Report
Hills
the
fills
area
four
following
natw-al
ONHP 1998
the
in
Connley Hills
Western
juniper/big
wheatgrass
Findings
Western
These
features
geologic
area and
local
common
High Lava
the
Plains
criteria
importance
do
Hills
Connley
the
in
not
big sagebrush
vlo1ningensis
/bluebunch
It
is
that
province
as
Values
for plant
between
ecotone
Lava
Desert
communities
bluebunch
and
Range
and
the
is
with varying
common
in
and
High
consists
which have
that
992
are
efforts
apparent
materials
genetic
..
at
the
of
we have
use for such
these
alone
hills
these
areas
increase
plant
genetics
this
Although
of paramount importance
becoming
points
and
for native
shows every
it
aspect
to
standpoint
source areas
in restoration
had
that
999
an
as
states
Every
from the best
qualify as an area
From
as
designated
reference
value for research
high
importance
be
to
of the
indicative
is
Eddlernan
on
area
physiographic
important
depends
Hills
natural
This
we must obtain
points
not readily
of the
most
standards
needed
tinder
Hills
rangeland
in
in
prominent
Schaff
health
have
1998
four
fill
of the Connley Hills
Connley
reference
to
is
aspect
of
indication
for obtainit
level
province
grasses are primarily
Understory
wheatgrass
iridenlata
Artwnisia
wheatgrass
those 1istd above
The Connlcy
1973
al
et
the
in
Dryness
except in those areas
wildfires
recent
located
of the Connley Hills
Big sagebrush
conimunities
important area
Anderson
of western juniper woodland
stories
is
it
Franklin
Mazama High
plant
as
Basin and
the
Province
Plains
or the
The
studies
community
an
are as
Vander
the
area represents
RNA
unusual for an
elements
RNA
Hills
and
fescue
ii Wyoming
irnportce
The Connley
juniper/Idaho
wheatgrass
for
Analysis
Botanic/EcologicaL
uniper/bluebunch
Western
hazards
or natural
geology
or
very
The
province
relevance
the
are
throughout
physiographic
meet
uebunc.h
sagebrush/bi
Idaho
fescue with
amount of western needlegrass found
fair
Findings
many
in
communities
This area
essential
ONHP
The
found
analysis
Connley
the
good condition Vander Schaaf
understory
grasses present
percent cover
established
restricted
There
RNA
Weedy
throughout
mostly
have
been
in recent
to
in
1992
Hills
are
much
of the
Ecosystems
importance
years
one
wild
fires
plant
near roads
in the
in the
noiThwest
has altered
the
natural
the
big sagebrush
the
area
into
the
and
area
corner
have
No
of the site
community by
Bulldozer
caused
trails
limited
This
killing
are
still
is
communities
still
are
arid as
described
by
Range
the
numbers
cell
Connley
meet
the
only represented
Hills
1999
much
evident
of
biological
and
11
relevance
plant
communities
and
Oregon
four cells elements
the
and
values for the state
in
ACEC/RNA
proposed
fire
spread of weeds
long-term degradation
the
After investigation
area
area
diversity
The area meets
because
communities
proposed
considerable
covering
as habitat
Basin and
in
designations
see above
criteria
criteria
of species
are
within
several
cell
heritage
of
and
relevance
of the botanic
representative
not well
species
the
maintenance
be in
with
high densities
disturbed areas
to
meets
for
importance
representation
to protect
these
in
criteria
the
for
of these
terrestrial
in
ecosystems
as
determined
in
1984
expected
III
12
4CEC
Nomination
Analysis
This area meets
it
four distinct
represents
accessible
native
for
grasslands
As noted
of four
by
ONHP
the
State
Miller Oregon
graduate students
Oregon
State
and
Eddleman
Summary
The
the
ACEC
and
from
as part
of their High Desert Preserve
grazing
has suggested
Dr
The
Al
on
Drs
and
botanic/ecological
and
relevance
Miller
Relevance
values
criteria
ACEC/RNA
The
Proposed
Lakes
and
acres
is
north of Guano
Mountain Refuge
is
Guano
and
the
just
northwest
entirely
WSA
5770
on
located
The
includes
the recent
between
the
south of Hart
Antelope
including
excluded
Refuge
Proposed
from
lake/wetlands
private
lake
and
the
the
resources
Billy Burr
within the boundary
of the
Lake
sufficient
aiea to characterize
some
survey
these
is
scatter
lithic
recorded
at
this
concentration
of obsidian
some hunting
or collecting
of the Sink
near one
time
This
flakes
site
is
probably
activity
in
the
small
indicating
area
Record
of Occupation
site
record
there
is
not enough
of occupation
at
the
information
Sink
to
assess
Lakes
completed
Guano
within
Creek
ACEC/RNA
Two
the
owned
Findings
WSA
is
There
seasonal
area
for
The
which contains another
is
contain
to
been
Types
At present
Sink Lakes
land to the west
this
riot
Hart Mountain National
entire
located
within
known
is
has
feet
use by livestock
are
area
there
of the Shirk Ranch
exchange
jurisdictional
BLM
Lakes
completed
Lakes
high treeless
elevation
5980
and
Sink
resources
the
Under
and Cultural Analysis
Only one small
ACECIRNA
Creek
contained
Creek
between
varies
Criteria
for
Site
of
and Importance
Values
While
of Area
it
15 16
of Section
Historical
Description
the
17
Portions of Section
Findings
Sink Lakes
Map
follows
T.38S R.27E
of
work
plateau
as
is
communication
personal
importance
2322
property
T.38S R.26E
cultural
about
excluded
Portion of Section
designation
Sink
for this
been
land exchange
possible future
legal description
Eddlernan
uses the area
area has
the
Dr
group
Lee
BLM
with the
as
1998
course field trips
range
historic/cultural
meet
also
TNC
western juniper
researching
area
Conservancy
presence
and
Proposed Areas
of
research
value
Criteriafbi
and importance
TNC
the
its
University
University
for
1992
At present
in the
structure
basis
regular
are
easily
seed sources
increase
area
because
an excellent
and
as
report
is
of Relevance
for
would make
communities
cell
and
monitoring
auspiciously
research/educational
woodland
ecosystems
and
reasons
laboratory
RNA
an
for
use by researchers
for
educational
outdoor
requirements
Evaluation
iii
Report
is
no evidence
relevance
that
this
or importance
area meets
for cultural
the
criteria
values
sink
by The Nature
111
13
.4cEC Nomi/alioII
Ill
Aaljsis Repo-i
Evoljation
ofReJe%ance
FLPMA
The proposed
bunch
other shrubs
unusual
is
area
and
sagebrush
within the
lakes
the
not satisfy
high with respect
VRM
inventoried as
to
Class
visual
VRM Class since
Creek WSA
For
definition
as
Guano
and
III
The Sink Lakes
corner of the
of
Findings
Basin
the
area
above
Although
value
therefore
it
proposed
similar to
is
is
does not represent
value or meet
relevance
the
in the
found
that
WSA
within
block
importance
criteria
Higher-elevation
volcanic
Th
Sink Lakes
by
create
that
echelon
normal
and
of northwestsoutheast
series
contain
Lineament
Eugene-Denio
en
characterized
sonic
and
pronghorn
contains
are
National
there
nest
seen on
probably
the
are
There
Rim
the
to
HMNAR
no known
the
and
within
prairie
falcon
and
one
silty
Walker
and
are
in
and
l965
Findings
Dauherty
nest
raptor
lakes
graben
clayey
deposits
faults
reverse
south
Mountain
Hart
playa
this
can
sheep
While geologically
sites
common
However
proposedACEC boundaiy
two
sandy
Repenning
from
Refuge
are
cases
mule deer
for
bighorn
Shirks
sheep
Antelope
herds
and
antelope
be
occasionally
habitat
season-long
by Qu.aternary-age
In
trending grabens
These
lakes
intermittent
flows
Tertiary-age basalt
on
lies
area
the
Values
area
domes
flows and
of the province
portions
area numerous
Analysis
The
40005000
scenic
dissected
Wildlife
is
by late Tertiary-to
up
faulting
In
provinces
Province
Range
Quaternary-age
characterize
The geology
Plains
broken
Province
Physiographic
of both of these
and
sea level
Tertiary-to
and
region
significant
or
the
northwestern
the
in
Range
broad uneven plateau
by
Holocene-age
area
located
is
characteristics
displays
this
feet
the
area
Basin and
just south of the High Lava
falls
it
Classes refer to the Appendix
within
criteria for
area
characterized
Rim
the
Values
rather
represent
on the landscape
particularly
managed
is
There
under
protection
with some juniper and
grasses
feature
quality Although
scenic
special
does
it
and Natural 1-azards
Geology
with low
covered
mainlr
Although
visual
does not rate
VRJVI
warranting
Therefore
Areas
importance
Values
it
as
recognized
Scenic Analysis
Jr Proposed
Criteria
wul Importwce
golden
eagle
Lake
Abert
miles
both locally
Province
does
not
criteria
and
meet
for
the
Range
and
Warner
Lakes
or
lakes
are
Physiographic
Summer
regionally
relevance
geology
graben
interesting
Basin and
the
in
The
Lake
Sink Lakes
importance
area
ACEC
hazards
or natural
Findings
The absence
threatened
wild
species
locally
endangered
fe habitat
essential
diversity
relevance
known
of any
does
crucial
or sensitive
for
not satisfy
not considered
to
qualities
be
fragile
the
Analysis
Values
wildlife
criterion
for
Sink
more than
or circumstances
nor has
otanic/EcoIogicaI
foi
species or
maintaining
The area does not have
significant
habitat
it
been
it
is
Lakes
then again
located
was
in
within
first
the
the
as
proposed
1998
ONHP
area The
an
report
private
RNA
Two
in
1982 and
lakes
are
land to the west
III
14
ACEC No
nination
which contains
Lake
Analisis Report
the
owned
is
sink
remaining
Evaluation
Ill
lake
The
BUtT
Billy
TNC
by
and Importance
of Relevance
grazed on
The
site
ecU
Range
the
represents
from
needs
two
following
ONHP
998
the
natural
area
regular
This
years
Ecosystems
1992
in
present
sagebrush
bluegrass scabland
53
and
ecosystem
terrestrial
Low
elevation
Apedurus
vernal
filled at this
community
1992
in
being conducted
the
condition and
hillsides
area
as
percent
in
with the decrease
grazing
health
and
plus
of the wetland
in
percent
effects
have
indicated
the
on
foxtail
occurs
on
communities
at
and
this
have
opportunity
of grazing
and
vernal
by low
grasses
Wheelers
has had
an impact
on
particularly
Burr Lake
combined
in the
future
removal
in
the
private
the
relative
with private
and
the
there
grazing
to
from
the
Given
TNC
exchange excluding
effects
The
and Thurbers needlegrass
Billy Burr Lake by
unique
dominated
mostly
bluegrass
Billy
of the plateau
jurisdictional
of livestock
the biodiveristy
years
plant
rush also
condition
Grazing
surrounding
ownership
that
fair
both comrhunities
on
isolation
fair
in
Poa nenosa
lizurberiana
lands
Sitc
grasslands
bluegrass
past
are
uplands
includeSandbergs
present
fStipc
good condition rocky
elimination
wet
several
95
being
research
is
detrimental
the
studies
Monitoring
there
The Ecological
pressures
rated
Inventory
At present
as
condition of the
given the
site
determine
to
of past grazing
was only considered
cell
Mat rnuhly
was water
Baltic
were
playa
The surrounding
sagebrush
partially
more
that
was common
dominant
is
bluegrass
playa itself
geniculatus
sagebrush
low
other playas
other species
several
been
not for the past
pond aquatic
ecosystem
The
past
like the
richardson/a
playa but even
Artemisia
arbuscula./Sandbergs
the
on
Muhlenbergia
Low
are
16 had
but
sagebrush/Nevada
There
corrirnunity
Section
in
in the
playa/lake
silver
by
ringed
Basin and
for the
basis
.ec
Proposed
for
located
playa
smallest
four
Criteria
will
be
study the long-term
low sage
upland
sites
laya/lakes
improved
Findings
The
Sink Lakes
Billy
Burr Lake
included
is
that
evening
tansy-leaf
and
is
best
bluegrass
This
community
readily
sparse
bluegrass
sagebrush
and
Baltic
In
lanceolatus
ringed
be dominated
as
was
balticus
the
area
late
rare
but
the
joint
It
also
is
Creek
to
joint
falls
that
form
TNC
with
research with
recommended
of the area
All
RNA
this
area
one
within
the
Guano
WSA
nieets
July
the
aquatic ONI-IP
vernal
relevance
criteria
Basin and
Range
pooland
for
low sagebrush/Sandbergs
the
elimination
recover rapidly
criteria
because
of grazing
is
the
bluegrass
in the
only
it
partially
area
The area meets
it
as
plant
the
site
protects
celthe
fulflls
the
scablands
this
site
cel
With
should
importance
for
both cells
in
Oregon see above
Jun
Haplopappus
shoreline
explore
with Guano
low elevation
povertyweed
goldenweed
were present along
in
to
presently conducting
is
combined
This area
in
the silver
filled
in the
Creek
nevadensis
decreases
this lake
lanceleaf
be
silver
Poa
them
BLM
by
playa located
or
be worthwhile
may
as the
ACEC/RNA
which removes
and
by
surrounded
by grazing
rush Juncus
axillaris and
vernal
playa conirnunity
cover
1997
It
and
conirnon
is
impacted
are
Cainissonia
lake
characterized
sagebrushlNevada
all
if
differ in their
may
primrose
tanacitijblia The middle
are
lakes
by low sagebrush
diy lakebeds
composition
vegetative
years
and
cana
dominated
are
The
grasslands
is
which
in site
Artemisia
sagebrush
by uplands
it
vernal
The playas
wet years
pools during
Section
three
dry playas in the drought
essentially
silver
area contains
Despite
the relative
area warrants
difficulty
designation
as
of getting
an
RNA
to
the
the
site
for research
and
111
15
CEC Nomination
educational
and
ecosystem
aquatic
are
because
studies
few
scabland
there
though
which
many
under
the
would
to
laboratory
to
Steens
successional
in
is
studies
the
vernal
related
common
are
the
proposed
5707
and
values meet the importance
the
criteria for
ACEC
designation
and
designation
an
as
The
ash content
The
feet
nearly void
areas
and
WSA
was shaped
for easier
elevation
of vegetation
being
legal
between
varies
landscape
along
currently
marked by smal
is
because
of the volcanic
of the soils
ACEC/RNA
BLM
within
lies
HMNAR
and
the
Livestock
included
the area
between
transfer
cnm.pleted jurisdictional
recently
removed from
for
bordered on
is
Creek
boundaries
the
be in stright lines
of the site
description
the
Findings
criteria
Guano
the
boundary
will
The proposed
Rotanic/ecological
proposed
lines however
in the
relevance
it
ACEC/RNA
Lakes
only on
are located
basalts
Summary
Sink
within
entirely
elevation
5300
vegetation
lakes
contained
Originally
there
exchange
removed
Vernal
sink lakes
circular
plant
removing
In
fluctuations
precipitation
but these
is
Map
canyon
north by the proposed
the
Proposed Areas
community
serve as an outdoor
also
study
even
Jr
Criteria
crooked
the
miles up
There
Oregon
this
for baseline
disturbance
grazing
Iakes/playas
solely
of
the jurisdictional
unique opportunity
With
in eastern
acres
grazed by livestock
are
livestock
scablands
and Importance
of Relevance
unique
protects
it
sagebrush
studies
are
Evaluation
III
Analjsis Report
been
has
grazing
1995
area since
and
meets
The
is
legal description
fbllows
as
RNA
T.38S R.27E
All
Additional Recommendations
of Section
21 22
Portions of Section
Combined
which
Sink Lakes
south
With
package
the
grazing
would make
adjacent to the
an
of livestock
attractive
BLM
to
this parcel
Values
BLM
the Billy
by
TNC
The
in their original
has determined
the
relevance
and
that
this
criteria
importance
Guano
i-esources
parcel
flakes
ACEC/RNA
occur
site
about
Valley
2614
just
acres
and
north and
Creek
is
ACEC/RNA
located
west
where
the
it
west
this
by Native
of Guano
of the Shirk
Ranch
canyon from the mouth of Guano
enters
Guano
some
stone rings
in
covers
period
cultural
complete
work
project
in
this
sites
and
rock
lithic
art
oE obsidian
scatters
are
sites
known
to
area
Valley west
to just
indicates
that
this
area has been
American populations
Activities
over
which may have
taken
visited
0000
place
year
in
it
the
entails
however
types are present
The record
Guano
The Proposed
has not had
Record of Occupation
of Area
Description
area
inventory
has recorded
Three
Guano Creek
Creek
site
for
values
botanical
and Cultural Analysis
Historical
area
meets
Criteria
Creek
research area Recently
was donated
Relevance and Importance
interesting
Sink Lakes/Guano
included
The
an
Creek
elimination
would make
Burr Lake parcel
proposal
immediately
the recent
uplandllowland
ONHP
lies
Proposed
ACEC/RNA
The
Guano
with the Proposed
ACEC/RNA
27 28
area include
Creek
over two
while collecting
stone quarry
plants
and
work
hunting
occupation
and
rock
art
111
sites
16
ACEC
Nomination
Analysis
which could be of
Evaluation
III
Report
nature
religious
and Importance
of Relevance
Criteria for
The area contains
and pronghorn
occasionally
Findings
probably
While
Guano
the
numerous
portions
sites
relevance
for
Guano
the
are
Creek
area
to
contain
in other
duplicated
This area
does not meet
the
sites
are
capable
to
Scenic
falcon
of
they are not unique overall
values
The
absence
threatened
Values
with the combination
featuies
and
vegetation
of rock
year
Because
of the
added
visual
significance
water
does
this area
in the
Area the proposed
that
area was
VRM
the
originally
IV
However
Class
under
and
III
description
it
desert
VRM
is
the
currently
pending
there
two
aie
essential
fot
does
not iave
or
habitat
the criterion
It
does
relevance
significant
not satisfy
criteria
values
with respect to wildlife
and Natural
widlife
or
species
for
more than locally
circumstances
importance
fot
species
wildlife
maintaining
The
area
crucial
Hazards Analysis
Values
carry
Study
contained
inventoried as
is
within
eagle nest within
golden
or sensitive
endangered
Geology
landscape
Wilderness
Wilderness
the
areas naturalness
of
Creek
ACEC/RA
known
of any
not satisfy
Guano
the
The area within Guano
however
Daugherty
forms
being present most of
water
one
does
some uncommon
represent
are
sites
nest
raptor
boundary
diversity
for
does
can
Findings
habitat
Analysis
drainage
known
no
and
nests
These
Hart Mountain and
the
are
ACEC
proposed
prairie
qualities
The
There
Rim
study of
the
does not meet the criteria for importance
for cultural
the
herds
sheep
miles
values
of importance
Basin prehistory
This area
known
is
for cultural
information
providing
Great
these
sites
area
of the district
citeria
While
Creek
Rim
mule deer
for
and bighorn
Shirks
seen on
from
sheep
habitat
season-long
antelope
be
Proposed Arcas
VRIM
managed
IMP
to
located in the northwestern
is
Range
of the High Lava
Physiographic
characteristics
Class
the
as
broad uneven plateau
For
Classes refer to the Appendix
and Range
Basin
broken
The
Plains
of both
within
protect
designation
Creek
Basin and
Province
Higher-elevation
faulting
volcanic
is
to
In
above
to
by
sea level
block
Holocene-age
Tertiary-
area
this
characterized
feet
south
just
displays
pi-ovinces
40005000
up by late Tertiary-
Province
geology
of these
corner of
Quaternary-age
flows and domes characterize
portions
of Guano
through
of the
province
Findings
The lower
Guano
Creek
importance
drainage
does not meet the
criteria for
though
represent
scenic values
visually
significant
relevance or
interesting
visual
feature
The creek
does
on
the
not
Tertiary-age tuffaceous
rock and locally-welded
Creek
is
largely
As with most of
Province
landscape
reaches
there
cut
pumiceous
tuffs
sedimentary
The course of Guano
controlled by
the faulting
the
in the
is
drainages
potential
Walker and Repenning
Wildlife
and
Creek
in the
area
Basin and Range
for localized
flash
flooding
1965
Analyses
Values
17
ACEC Nomination
Anal3sis
Evaluation
Jif
Report
of Relevance
and
these
Findings
geologic
Northwestern
Plains
for
Basin and
relevance
the
or
or natural
geology
Guano
Creek
ACEC
importance
criteria
buckwheat
and
Threatened
or
ONHP
Values
was proposed
its
as
RNA
an
the
1982
in
do
the
lend support for
all
volcanic
of the high quality
natural
site
by Wyoming
characterized
is
sagebrush/needle-and-thread
community
and
found
is
plant
are
Oregon
Thurbers
uncommon
is
and
soils
sandy
It
fills
Basin and
the
is
found
typically
Gulch
in the
the
Range
ONHP
following
needs
cell
The
82
Low
elevation
willow
coyote
community
three
exigua
not
Guano
in the
the criteria
fulfill
willow
there
is
Elyinus
grows
rich
in the
found
at
the
lucida
ash
and
and
Creek
riparian
cell
site
are
and
the
rare
and
USFWS
Eriogonwn
is
agreement
to
rhypara
in
sensitive
var
is
the
unusual
sandstone
pumiceous
in
layer
several
populations
ONHP
ecosystems
at
the
which
found
are
suites
interesting
species
the
in
of plants
plant
by
the
communities
These
Vegetation
Committee
Columbia Basin Ecosystem
They designated
of concern
more
is
on
these
and
learned about
the
for the
Management
these
as
recommended
biology
protection
of those plants
barren soils
rhypara
crosbyae
being written
on
communities
ICBEMP
Project
forbs
ivesia
white
found
threatened
identified
However
creekbed
two Bureau
is
tuffaceous
as
Oregon contain
communities
Crosbys buckwheat
BLM
the
on
as
description
of Great Basin wildrye
other
plant
southeastern
Interior
grimy ivesia
conservation
located
is
underlying substrate
not designated
soil
the
found
species
the
overlaid with
places
Although
Salix
until
Also
Again
of willow
willow
SaiLs
for the
upper
conirnuiiity
cinerus
occurrence
on rock outcrops above
of the canyon
site
were
no
on welded
occur
ash substrates
Crosbys buckwheat
often
does
also
in
Leslie
cell
species
arroyo
willow
Pacific
community
plant
community
riparian
riparian
Salix
and
Lasiolepis
Malheur County near
other populations
bottom
some
should contain
description
ash
welded
of this species
populations
in
time being described
and
elevation
The
species
the
in
the
in
outcrops
big sagebrush/needle-and-thread
the
The low
other
of which are
Crosbys buckwheat
Ecosystems
this
community
cracks
The
in
creek
Wyoming
growing
These
south side
15
in
is
distinctive
is
the rare
cli
The grimy
with
association
in
and
area
not contain
big
22
of Section
edge
for the
the
at
of vitrified
an outcrop
imilarly colored
only three
all
volcanic
Great Basin
Other
habitat
the
RNA
proposed
on
west
the
unusual
in
community wh
grass
the
in
same
they occur
found
is
area do
big
grass
This community
needlegrass
List
Their Range
is
There
that
very
gray
immediate
Creek
Guano
feature
ash on
is
outcrop
in the
significance
occurrence
ONHP
the
in the
c-and-thread
population
has
site
light
Of primary
in
sites
Crosbys
Throughoi.it
not grow
site nor do
prominent
foi
RNA
an
on
are
Endangered
species
Creek
ivesia
The
values which
of natural
designation
as
values
botanical/ecological
number
Both
California
grimy ivesia
sagebrushlneedl
its
known
Analysis
Guano
Creek
and
new
the
of the other
all
MaiheLir
in
exists
however
1998
The two
Guano
populations
already
contain
Nevada
Oregon
hazards
Botanic/Ecological
will
agreement
does
agreement
those populations
for
County
in the
High Lava
and
Range
Provinces
Physiographic
not meet
common
values are very
Proposed Areas
for their entire
species
conservation
These
Jr
Criteria
Importance
between
help preserve and
The
site
also
contains
mile-long
stretch
of Guano
the
Creek an
intermittent
desert
stream which
supports
study
Ill
18
ACECNojninatioa
4milysts
Guano
vegetation
riparian
flows are regulated
Creek
and
creek
the
then
RNA
proposed
small
of sedges
and
made
and
add
Guano
to the
Great
Basin desert
on
begun upstream
looked
uplands
few
other forbs
During
present
species have
Guano
desert
been noted
eroded due
livestock
have
date
The
the
back
east
soils
to
factor
at
the
was covered
the
The
sandy
soils
community
plant
at
is
by
the
site
found
is
very few
weeds present
ricegrass
Oiyzopsis
The
The
in the
Guano
The
as
it
contains
on
plants
grimy
this
barely
unique
for the
and
species
is
it
importance
zone
also
need
for further
the
Guano
addition
of the
soil
is
designation
contributes
to
the
research
riparian
of the
diversity
meets
system
of two rare plant
Creek
the
and
site
situated
Although
Creek
RNA
site
unique plant
Guano
to the
Creek
to the
not only
has populations
also
The presence
the
in
criteria
for the
RNA
designation
of an
Summary
Findings
largest
SW
in excellent
is
factors
relevance
values meet the importance
an even
ACEC
criteria
and
meets
for
designation
the
criteria
for
of Guano
and
Creek
as
designation
as
an
an
RNA
and
likely
Additional Recommendations
Valley to
unusual
Combined
community
kvmenoides
Indian
of
unconsolidated
lake
There
The
RNA
an
an important
Botanic/ecological
very sandy
large
Oregon
for
remote area Guano
fish
drainage
erosion
when
plant
at
Creek drainage
Guano
loose
are
site
grass
community
community
the
consideration
species
into
to natural
mostly
Pleistocene
the
needle-and-thread
the
is
In
in
has been
the
site
of the roles of
one
in the
promoted some of
more important
soils
grazing
very
The
Oregon however
import4nt consideration
community but
principle
sensitive
coming upstream
RNA
population
growing
is
it
The
Basin
with the two rare plant
proposed
in
by
ONHP
above
listed
ofthosesensitive
poQl
would make
were
yampa
RNA
of the proposed
to
studies
that
the
the
criteria
for the
of the area
site
that
aiid
is
als6
camas
years
does
water
study
These
one
gene
from the
wet
with the
status
This presence
relevance
need
criteria
importance
surviving where
where
studies
the
of two locations
willows
of available
demonstrate
extremely
ZOOI
riparian
stream systems with Great Basin
considerably
may
most northern
for species
The
Creek demonstrating
site
While
lowlands
the
to
ivesia
intermittent-stream
lanes
conductivity
at
as
Ecosystems
Range
within
The
however
HMNAR
the
high priority
occurrences
continue
to
need
cell
Cainassia
excellent
cell
the
meets
meets
along the entire
dependability
dynamics and
riparian
and
RNA
Creek
providing
the
in
only in areas
an
Guano
removed
the
site
Findings
would be found
spots
found
would make
Creek
determine
be
can
different
values for the
in
conditions
only in isolated
drainage
springs
willows
for
qualify
the
some
narrow
sp.
more willows
that
more favorable
found
and
appearance
cultural
as carnas
reported
predicted
plus
their
the
contains
been
not
codorninant
at
grass
Proposed Areas
canyon
within
yampa Perideridia
ONHP 1992
under
have
cattle
some have
zone
quania.sh
The
riparian
zone
Americans such
Native
and
valley
Since
have
forbs
riparian
are
The
narrow
not have
needle-and-thread
reservoir
Jr
Criteria
does
soils
sandy
Guano
nan-ow
and fmpoiance
of Relevance
an
is
by an upstream
of Great Basin wildrye
stands
many
itself
RNA
through
proceeds
out into
opens
strip
Creek
of the proposed
important attribute
evaluation
Ill
Report
is
found
with the Proposed
on
which
immediately
lies
exanipe of
of Section
22
condition with
sonic Indian
within
ricegrass which
designation
package
grazing
the
adjacent
would make
With
the recent
Proposed
Sink
an
Lakes
to the
Sink
north
and
interesting
elimination
would make an
uplandllowland
research area
logical
of livestock
Lakes/Guano
ACEC/RNAs
ACEC/RNA
Creek
attractive
the
favors
111
19
ACEC
Nomjnafjo
Hawk
Analysis
Evaluation
Ill
Report
of Relevance
Relevance
Mountain
ACEC/RNA
Hawk Mountain
refined
1984
in
ONHP
the
and
is
2.
located
the
on
The
upper
originally
again in 1992
12485
between
slopes
was
boundary
approximately
Hawk Mountain
Mountain and
1982
in
was proposed
it
includes
It
of the Beaty
and
in the
It
Acty
portion
Map
Butte Allotment
The
Work
that
The
about
niost
the
site
has been
the
for the
site
grass
the
high quality
light in the
area due
general remoteness
of
species
5900
from
grasslands
to
to
6500
characteristic
important ecological
is
condition big
excellent
range
archaeological
the
by
Clovis material
the
America
earliest
8000
present
before present to
for the
along the ridge
Waterhole
that
is
just
towards
The
east
RNA
proposed
to the
to the
west
southeast
legal
description
is
as
and
to
Billfold
minor
to
Waterhole
Lone Jack Waterhole
run generally
down
northwest
of Rastus
Period
recent
A.D
840
AU
T.40S
of North
8000
to
2500
2500
time periods
in the
abundant
are
Site
area
Types
and
the
ridge
but not
of
lithic
site
to
limited
and
quarry
in
rypes exist
early
the
occupation
stone tool making
area
sites
sites
including
campsites
and
rock
art
sites
then north
ridgeline
Record
of Occupation
follows
It
that
appears
all
stages
of the
America niay be located within
T.40S.
iegion was used
Hawk Mountain
wide range
Boundaries
from
and
early
this
of
stemmed
years before present
Materials from the Archaic
before
that
location
of the occupation
periods
10000
The
years
indicates
by Indian
occupied
area along with
in the
niater.ias
and
0000
evaluation
has shown
Nevada Reno
used
as
had
has
proposal
Grazing
of water and
lack
much
for as
People
the
inventory and
site
of
University
area has been
the
point-type
mix of
with
grasslands
elevations
feet
of
representations
sagebrush
Criteria
and Cultural Analysis
Hawksie-Walksie area of
extensive
by
acres
eastern
The
during
includes
Proposed Areas
for
Values
was nominated
Hawksie-Walksie
called
Criteria
and Importance
Historical
of Area
Description
and Importance
occupation
this
of North
area
R.31E
of Section 20
28
29
30 31 32
Fmdwgs
R.30E
Portions of Section 25
Based upon present knowledge
36
criteria
for
relevance
and
meets
this area
the
for cultural
importance
resources
T.4lS R.3lE
All
of Section
56
17
18 19 20
Scenic Analysis
T.41S R.30E
Portions of Section
All
of Section
14 23
Values
12 13 24
This
area
is
sensitivity
designation
remote region
in
due
to
and
the potential
the
with very
for
representation
high visual
wilderness
on
the
landscape
lIE
20
.4CEC
Nomination Analysts Report
native
have
and
line form
inventoried as
managed
IMP
dramatic
color
order to protect
in
IV
Class
Class
the
is
it
under
iii
The
these
pending
is
by
Holocene-age
domes
While within
RNA
quality the proposed
features
visual
significant
area of moderately
larger
relevance
and
does
itself
The
not have
level
broken
block
faulting
plateau
up by
late
volcanic
Quaternary-age
characterize
Hawk Mountain
portions of the province
sili-cic
dacitic
to
ielded
tuffs
corner
of the area
There
geological hazards
to
Tertiary-
flows that
are
Minor Tertiary-age
present near the southwest
are
Analysis
by
composition
in
volcanic
in faulted
lies
domes and
volcanic
Quaternary-age
values
area
uplands primarily characterized
rhyolitic
Wildlife
broad uneven
high visual
and therefore does not
importance
of both 01
asin and Rane
the
to
Tertiary-
Higher-elevation
flows and
the
area
sea
Range
characteristics
displays
above
the
in
and
south of the High Lava
just
characterized
feet
located
is
In this
to
Tertiary-
Findings
area
Province
provinces
Province
Proposed Areas
of the Basin
corner
The geoogy
40005000
designation
meet
Criteriafor
Hawk Mountain
northwestern
Plains
Wilderness
features
and importance
Physiographic
currently
the
natural
The
contrast
area was
the
Although
VRv1
VRM
as
with
variance
of Re/esance
condition
very good natural
in
vegetation
landfonris
Evaluation
ilL
no apparent
are
Walker
and
natural
965
Repenning
Values
Hawk Mountain
deer and
been
pronghoni
seen
the
in
Rim
Daugherty
year-long habitat
provides
antelope
for
mule
and bighorn
sheep
traveling
from the
area probably
Hart Mountain
have
These geologic
northwestern
Nevada
and
Findings
surveys have
raptor
and
falcon
and
area potential
eagle habitat
Hawk Mountain
area The
relevance
the
prairie
area
Plains
exists to
the
or importance
criteria
for
does
not
geology
hazards
or natural
golden
Range
the
in
High Lava
and
conducted
meet
ACEC
within the proposed
been
and
herds
transitional
no
Although
common
values are very
Basin
west
north
Analysis
Botanic/Ecological
Findings
Values
The
absence
threatened
wildlife
known
of any
endangered
habitat
essential
for
diversity
does not satisfy
The
does
area
qualities
has
it
under
or
been
not have
FLPMA
so
it
the
as
does
species
criterion
that
for
habitat
maintaining
more than
circumstances
recognized
crucial
or sensitive
for
warranting
not satisfy
it
The two
Hawk Mountain
for their
high quality
species
locally
make
or
relevance
significant
fragile
nor
protection
include
Idaho
bottlebrush
squirreltail
bluegrass
The
difficult
site
is
communities
and Natural Hazards Analysis
include
Indian
needlegrass
Koeleria
Sitanion
present
bluebunch
cristata
hvstrix
Sandbergs
ricegrass
wheatgrass
classify
in
terms of dominant
of the communities
big sagebrush/Idaho
big sagebrush/Idaho
urbers
community
found
fescue
fescue
eedlegrass
is
plant
present
fescue-bluebunch
low sagebrush/Idaho
big sagebrushTh
sagebrush
to
but some
Wyoming
Wyoming
Values
junegrass
nominated
species
criteria for
importance
Geology
fescue
prairie
been
Grass
Thurbers
wheatgrass
and
have
areas
grasslands
in
The
and Wyoming
low
small isolated
111
21
ACEC Nomination
The
but there
big sagebrush
mountain
big sagebrush
vaseyana
at
the
site
of Relevance
more than
was determined
sagebrush
big
Wyoming
Evaluation
Ill
none of which cover
occurrences
acres
Report-
Analysis
few
be some
may
in the
Oregon
general
Hawk Mountain
will
the
fill
well
ONHP
Basin
and
natural
Range
ACEC/RNA
area
need
cell
potential
for
dynamics
few of
Ecosystems
above
other
many
with the Idaho
gentle
be
deeper
best
fescue-bluebunch
needlegrass
the
niet
is
found
abundance
where
slopes
in these
in
soils
appear
isolated
the
and
steppe
are
pressures
Hawk
form
to
reach
to
important
just
Mountain
RNA
an
f9r
the
as
ACEC
an
as
desigmftion
designation
and
importance
an
arid
RNA
Additional Recommendations
is
areas
Combined
Hawk Mountain
with
connected
in the
growing
values meet
to
big sagebrush/Idaho
was found
Findings
criteria
but
wheatgrass
ncegrass
is
in
Both
Indian
difficult
and grazing
criteria
significance
criteria for
is
in
same
the
RNA/ACEC
Proposed
The
and
research
research areas
the potential
relevance
evident
is
Wyoming
as
fire
to
and
of grass species
variability
Botanical/ecological
intermingled
particularly
wheatgrass
The community
described
southeastern
site
As noted
are
species
Thurbers
south-facing
the
throughout
slopes
comniunity
Bluebunch
on
and
grass
fescue
in the
prominent
1992
widespread
on most aspects
growing
and
District
isolated
education
related
Summary
is
and
for collection
fescue community
Big sagebrush/Idaho
This community
are
sites
for
The genetic
site
meets
12
these
Although
Proposed
following
in
.4
Proposed
Lakeview
replariting
the
The
fbi
tridentata
A.rlemisia
as
Criteria
of seed source potential
variety
be the
to
and Importance
have
which
is
area
the
general
would make
same values and
the
11
not
two
unit
logical
could
be
managed
sandy
similarly
soils
was
and
mounds
noted
also
Prairie
with Indian
association
scattered
the
throughout
Bureau
site
sensitive
plant
crassicau1is
also
found
Happlopappus
Hawk
Mountain
BLM
species
found
in these
Description
of Area
This second
in the
big
include
Cautanthus
This
and
site
west
proposed
washes
Findings
site
includes
contains
ONHP
meets
diversity
big
the
relevance
of bunchgrasses
sagebrush/Idaho
importance
communities
desert
the
represent
plant
species
especially
fescue cell
criteria as the
It
it
around
RNA
4856
RNA
that
are
and
4760
is
playa The
feet
1982
designation
in
and
located
acres
centered on
approximately
was
area
is
Hawk
series
miles west
elevation
south
Mountain
of dry
of the
varies
slightly
Map
the
The
also
legal description
is
as
follows
plant
biodiverse example
grassland steppe combined
sensitive
criteria as
for
about
of the previously described
Hawksie-Walksie
meets
Hawk Mountain
recommended
initially
bristleweed
acautis
Hawk Mountain
ACEC1R1NA
II
scattered
most communities
cushion
in
fescue grasslands
wild cabbage
and
aifl
found
as well as being
fescue grasslands
sagebrush/Idaho
thickstenimed
in
around
also
ricegrass
was
bluegrass
occur
was
Idaho
throughout
Sandbergs
to
junegrass
with
This ecosystem
for high
BLM
Bureau
has
great
T.4
R.29E
Portions
of Section
111
22
.4CEC
Nomination
Analysis
Evaluation
III
Report
T.41S R.30R
18
Hawk Mountain
deer and
Relevance and Importance
been
Criteria
the
Rim
no
eagle
probably
bighorn
surveys have
been
ACEC
area potential
habitat
exists to
the
have
sheep
Nevada
and
mule
for
from
traveling
Hart Mountain
raptor
proposed
golden
and
pronghorri antelope
Although
and Cultural Analysis
year-long habitat
provides
II
seen in the area
Daugherty
Historical
Proposed Arce
for
Values
of Section
All
Criteria
17
of Section
Portions
and Jinportance
of Relevance
the
heeds
within
conducted
and
falcon
prairie
and
west
north
Values
Findings
This area
have
not been
While
values
identified
within
actually
of importance
sites
in close
inventoried for cultural
proximity
to
have
the
Hawk Mountain
the
been
The absence
area they are not
II
area
the
notsatisfy
At
this
time
the
of
presence
sites
within the proposed
occupation
and
the
is
areas
record
of
unknown
Based upon
meet
knowledge
present
the criteria
relevance
for
this
or
criterion
as
for
or wildlife
species
does
diversity
species
relevance
The area does
significant
qualities
for
or
been
it
FLPMA
under
protection
criteria
and Natural
Geology
habitat
fragile nor has
it
warranting
does not satisfy
area does not
for
locally
make
that
circumstances
recognized
Findings
maintaining
more than
not have
it
for
Qssential
crucial
or sensitive
endangered
threatened
habitat
known
of any
so
importance
Hazards
importance
Values
Scenic
Analysis
The
Values
Hawk Mountain
northwestern
corner
much
area
area
this
Mountain
is
dramatic
less
and
was inventoried
managed
currently
Wilderness
features
less
unique
with low sage and
IMP
pending
rolling
Hawk
VRM Class IV
VRM Class under
it
protect
the
existing
The
Plains
providing
hills
form Although
as
as
to
diverse
than
the
these
40005
is
the
naturai
designation
Findings
This area
or
and
does
not possess
features therefore
importance
values
it
significant
quality
does not meet the relevance
Analysis
In
by
Tertiary
Holocene-age
domes
The
Hawk Mountain
block
II
area
lies
primarily characterized
composition
tuffaceous
half
geological
tuffs
Basin and
broken
Range
plateau
by
late
High
volcanic
in faulted
flows
There
Walker
and
volcanic
by Tertiary-age
of rhyolitic
arc
partly
to dacitic
flows
and sandstones
of the area
hazards
up
faulting
Tertiary-age basalt
siltstones
of both of
portions of the province
characterize
densely welded
Range
broad uneven
Quaternary-age
to
and
to
the
above sea level
to
the
characteristics
displays
area
elevation
in
aiid
south of the High Lava
this
feet
located
is
characterized
Tertiary-
eastern
Wildlife
is
000
uplands
visual
geology
provinces
Province
area
Provincejust
Physiographic
Visually
II
of the Basin
tuffs
are present
no apparent
Repenniiig
aiid
in
the
natural
1965
ill
-23
.1C/C
Nomination
Analysis
Ill
Report
Evaluation
and importance
of Relevance
some
Findings
These geologic
northwestern
Plains
for
Basin and
or
geology
natural
in
Lava
High
area
II
Analysis
of interest
communities
ONHP
following
Truckee
11
Basin and
Wyoming
this
at
Range
site
the
fill
Hawk Mountair
12
communities
plant
Great Basin
The
fescue
sagebrush/Idaho
Hawk
proposed
represented
the
at
Big Alvord
are
12
cell
Wyoming
is
Creek
represented
RNA
cell
Hills
of the
are
area
is
is
RNA
and
Burns District
contains
good
in
especially
fescue
grazing
not had
evident
importance
plant
This
species
Lakeview
the
Oregon
in
general
difficult
to
reach
is
significant
resulted
is
some
to
the
the
area
but
good antelope range
The dry washes
green
the
HMNAR
at
and
in the
buncligrasses
antelope
center
on
of the washes
The
entire
sign
of the
the side
rabbitbrush Chrysothannus
bottom
and
southeastern
are
isolated
education
of the grass
fire
meets
and
and
and
species
grazing
the significance
Findings
values meet the
Botanic/ecological
relevance
proposed
of the site this conirnunity
of the codominants
greal
criteria
for
the criteria
for
and
importance
designation
as
an
designation
as
an
ACEC
and
RA
Additional Recommendations
present near the
needlegrass community-type
western boundary
II
Bureau
RNA
an
Summary
in
low sagebrush/Thurbers
limited
potential
to
high desert
of the
much
throughout
impact
criteria as
for
also
BLM
has
sites
variability
Hawk Mountain
in the
and
these
steppe dynamics related
site
communities
for collection
District
Although
there
This
the plant
ecosystem
of seed source potential
in
of
has several
area
for
big
cells
as
steppe and
the
criteria
big
grassland
meets
healthy
1992
Water resources
have
Wild horses use
area
and
cell
an example of biodiversity
pi-essures
understory
RNA
There
more
diversity
represent
and
condition with only
to excellent
grasslands
quality
needlegrass
allotment and
in the
Hawk Mountain
have
P/i/ox
phlox
Schaaf
ONHP
the
criteria
i-eplanting
also
is
it
wheatgrass
the
variety
by Wyoming big
covered
Thurbers
livestock
scarce
better
site
with
sagebrush
limited
during
rabbitbrush
relevance
the
meets
at
11
The
proposed
RNA
proposed
big
meets
research on the genetic
The
prominent
prevented
Vander
sagebrush/bluebunch
sensitive
also
wheatgrass
Connley
communities
prominent
Mountains
sagebrush/bluebunch
fescue
sagebrush/Idaho
big
as
sagebrush/Idaho
big sagebrush/bluebunch
Wyoming
II
RNA
creating
needs
cell
and
wheatgrass
Much
not
are
Sandbergs
grass
fescue scattered
green
surveys
search for forbs
bunchgvasses
the
include
There
Findings
plant
in the
Idaho
and
site
wildlife
squirreltail
Forbs were
Late season
complete
Values
These
featureless
for
ricegrass and
site
bitt
survey
hood/i
The
habitat
Chysothwnnus humilus and Hoods
hazards
Botanic/Ecological
the
throughout
the
Proposed Areas
otherwise
the
alternative
Indian
bluegrass
criteria
or importance
for
amounts of bottlebrush
less
the
Hawk Mountain
area The
transitional
and
Range
not meet the relevance
does
common
values are very
to
diversity
some
offer
Criteria
site
slopes
is
is
one
area
is
abundant
have
The washes
provide
site
enough from the
separate
RNA
in
acreage
in
Hawk Mountain
the
first
site
However
Hawk Mountain
with some
viscidflorus
This second
sites
be
to
it
warrant
is
and
of Hawksie-Walksie be added
values.The
ACEC/RNA
Hawksie-Walksie
is
different
designation
proposed
combined
area
that
the
for
the
as
two
additional
high cultural
would be named
ACECJRNA
Ill
24
ACEC Nomination
Analysis
III
Report
Evaluation
of Relevance
and Importance
The High
anywhere
High Lakes
40095
Proposed
and
acres
Mountain
trending valleys
feet
The
to
plateau
is
composed
Juniper
rock
of the area
art
140
has value as
Site
low
found
within
between 5800 and
Mountain
63
The vegetation
with scattered
and
isolated
stands
of shrubs are found
variety
cliff
and
landslide
Rc
art The
vhich
contain
14
areas
of
legal description
as
the
lakes
and
numbers
The
rings
houses
follows
area
Many
present
35
lithic
of Section
are often
cases
16 17
and Importance
Criteria
and Cultural
sites
are
with
associated
are
Some
sites
which
sites
many
of these
be
may
blinds
have
in the area
of these
may
be
also
of
indications
locations
present
Many
areas
have
to
large
small
present
sites The
area contains
small camps and
associated
numerous
locations
village
with the rock
and
art
These
in
sonic
stone rings
in the
information
facets
Vat ites
sites
Findings
The
Historical
to
large
10 11 12 13
14 15
Relevance
scatters
Occupation
T.40S R.26E
Portions
scatters
Lit/dc
22 23 24 25 26 27 32 33 34
Portions of Section 17 20 21 28 29 36
89
art
pictographs
sites
En several
activity
10 11 12 13
14 15
1234
and
hunting
Some
andlor hunting
Hunting sites
1234589
or
of the
T.39S R.26E
of Section
contains
sites
religious
religious
hunting
All
These
stone ring features
13 14 17 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35
Portions
of Section 15 16 36
of Section
area
in
rock cairns
All
has
the
of occupation
Rock cairns
of Section
area
and
numei-ous rock
both petroglyphs
in large
T.38S R.26E
All
the
sites
is
of western juniper
around
area contains
areas
is
art
tall
contain
The
Pei-sonal
1vpes
Stone
the
on
TCP
possible
Map
of north-south
lakes
of Portland
dissertation
of occupation
indications
evidence
sagebrush
Ricks
Besides the rock
communication
often
low sagebrush
largely
Ricks
Mary
of
art
the
extensive
with intermittent
varies
of the rock
doctoral
completed
ofen
present
south of Hart
south to Highway
elevation
Little
on
large
University
sites
about
extends from just south of the
It
upland area
them
on
Valley and
HAR bounda
This
covers
the
located
is
of the Warner
east
ACEC
art
are
sites
gLyphs
evaluation
conducted
region has been
this
State
The
inventory and
of rock
These
individual
10000
of the largest and
one
iiurnber
America
North
in
Extensive
Area
of
area contains
with over
large
Description
Lakes
Proposed Areas
for
densely concentrated
most
ACEC
High Lakes
Criteria
on
of study
area have
site
It
the
potential
settlement patterns
is
of rock
art
sites in
criteria
for
relevance
one
North
to
and
provide
many
other
of the largest concentrations
America
The
area
meets
III
the
25
ACEC
Nomination
Analysis
Evaluation
ill
Report
and importance
of Relevance
wildlife
This area
one
is
of the most important
of rock
concentrations
Evidence
some of the rock
exists that
more than 7000 years old
dated
oldest
meets
area
rock
the
America
North
in
art
sites
art
criteria
are
sites
North America
habitat
The
does not have
area
as
recognized
FLPMA
so
does
it
maintaining
the criterion
species
for
relevance
than locally
more
circumstances
or
Proposed Areis
for
does not satisfy
been
The
essential
diversity
qualities
This makes them the
in
for
art
Jr
Criteria
make
that
it
significant
nor has
fragile
warranting
protection
under
not satisfy
criteria
importance
for
it
importance
and Natural
Geology
Hazards Analysis
Scenic Analysis
Values
Values
The High Lakes
The
area
broken
open sagebrush
is
by shallow
south rims and dotted with scattered
dry lakebed
playas
managed
VRJVI
as
north-
and
junipers
The area was inventoried and
Class
III
is
and IV
this
the
area
above
feet
Findings
by
and does not
region
feature
for
or
common
visually
to
the
or
significant
represent
area does not meet
the
Therefore
relevance
is
unique
to
broken
block
faulting
The High Lakes
importance
area numerous
an series
create
Values
lakes
and
area
pronghorn
antelope
for
the
been
seen in the area
area from
the
There
no known
are
proposed
prairie
There
ACEC
are
also
proposed
boundary
three
horned
20
raptor
golden
owl nest
Western
nest
mule deer
be seen
in
within
threatened
the
or
on Tertiary-age
normal
and
cases
In
laults
ti-ending
lakes
intermittent
this
reverse
of northwest-southeast
contain
flows
basalt
Linearnent
Eugene-Denio
These
graben
by Quatenmry-age clayey
sandy
playa
deposits
silty
Walker
and
1965
there
however
eagle
within
one
are
kestrel
two
and
miles of the area
sage grouse heks
within
common
Province
Abert
does
in
the
Basin
and
both locally
Lake
Warner
crucial
sensitive
habitat
species
for
Range
and
regionally
or
lakes
are
Physiographic
Lakes The High
not meet the relevance
or natural
graben
interesting
Summer
Lakes
importance
Lake
area
criteria for
hazards
Botanic/Ecological
endangered
Tertiary
domes
Findings
geology
known
to
Higher-elevation
flows and
en echelon
While geologically
the
ACEC
of any
5000
to
Mountain herd
sites
Findings
The absence
4000
Tertiary
occasionally
also
Warner
expanding
falcon
great
Elk can
late
sheep probably
Bighorn
Hart Mountain herd have
from
the
habitat
some
in
lies
characterized
are
Rep enning
and
one
that
grabens
season-long
by
In
is
criteria
Analysis
The area contains
geology
provinces
Province
up
Province
portions of the province
dissected by the
Wildlife
volcanic
Quaternary-age
characterize
The
broad uneven plateau
level
sea
Holocene-age
area
and Range
Basin
northwestern
in the
Physiographic
of both of these
characteristics
displays
located
is
and Range
High Lava Plains
just south of the
characterized
The High Lakes
area
corner of the Basin
Analysis
Values
or
III
2
4CEC
The
communities
plant
direct
in
Anal vs/s
Nomination
relation
to
of this high plateau are
water
available
systems will have
sp
and
tule
However when
abundant
and
serve as food
of the area in the cliffs
that
areas
surround
these
found
especially
Native
Americans such
virginiana
and
Camassia
carnas
it
are
utilized
ma/an ch
ler ali
Also
guamash
if
be
by
can
be
soil
areas
occur
humans
and
rock
and
the
upland low-sagebrush
many
bitterroot
root
Caloc/zortus
sp
of the area
and
art
to
have
Steve
and
interest
BLM
these
lake
of those plant
these
plant
these
plants
communities
plant
significant
FindinDs
and
other
an
to
relationship
communities
the
and
be
are
used that
landscape
biodiversity
had
and
places
meets
higher
water
the criteria
Description
of Area
The
Rim
the
not apart
human
from
tribal
people
of the
communities
plant
of ecosystem
beings
it this
is
within that
classic
Creek
Fish
which borders
plateau
Fish
Rim
Creek
feet
WSA
of the
and
is
sagebrush
scattered
of quaking
aspen
bushes
Fish
years
it
In
was
987
first
6900
Western
Rim
and
that
proposed
boundaries
The
and
RNA
of
tall
isolated
and
areas
other
has been
1982 then
were decided
The
feet
has gone through
in
6750
average
6.013
mosaic
juniper
the
area
proposed
Map
trenuiloides
Proposed
within
entirely
ACEC/RNA
Populus
Creek
the
acres
low sagebrush
long standing proposal
designs
8725
the
oii
of the Warner
lies
At present
between
vegetation
it
located
is
edge
west
Proposed
found
are
western
to the
approximately
elevations
RNA
proposed
the
Valley and
general
plant
the
because
and
The Native American concept
management
and
ACEC/RNA
time when
natural
and
TCP
of
analyzed for the designation
values to
cultural
reminiscent
of the longevity of the
of those plants
as
the area
longevity for
and
ACEC
ecosystem
has significant
area
Fish Creek Rim
plants
surveyed
could have
landscape
of the High Lakes
Additional Recommendations
includes
because
and
ACEC
The High Lakes
were
Findings
relevance
with
edible
plants
suggesting
Proposed
values combined
values meet the importance
botanic/ecological
rini
Lakes
cultural
ilium
availability
landscape
1995
1995
during the past
basins
communities
communities
lily
archaeological
these
of these
botanist
meadows
parts
who
these
to
plants
communities
and longevity of use of
make
make
of the plants
of the plant
in
is
that
of these
juxtaposition
analysis
area
has qualities
While many
was demonstrated
resources that
this
create
Americans continue
uses
cultural
in
of high mountain
for
and
relevance criteria for designation
sego
big-headed
and
area
Native
years
that
suggested
spp
that
the
in
contain
wild onions
suggesting
as
Shelly
The High
the
is
biodiversity
Summary
and
parsley
exists in the
processed
thousand
several
it
value
importance
irreplaceable
statistical
ACEC
Proposed
areas
found
red/viva
niacrocephalwn
Evidence
geophytes
collected
Lewis/a
Baisamorhiza
Trzfoliun
record
desert
macrocarpus
bal sarnroot
clover
lithic
of Lomatium
species
biscuit
the
significant
elsewhere
Historical
The
meet
to
locally
fragile and
as
b/ia
some
in
Areas
ancient system
of the High Lakes
criteria
the
Prunus
chokecherry
reninant of that
factors
more than
landslide
been
jr Proposed
Criteria
these playa edges
in
growing
as
serviceberry
Great Basin ryegrass
giant
blue
have
that
Two
Tvpha
shrubs can
many
example of
available
is
and
faces
lakes
plants
such
sources for the wildlife
rock
and Importwwe
the
playas dry out grasses
the
found
species
water
Releance
of
lake/playa
cattails
when
spp
Scirpus
The
of wetlands
variety
sedge rushes and occasionally
as
Evaluation
III
Report
several
studied
upon
for
in
Ill
lCEC Nomination
Analysis
III
Report
meeting with allotment users In
of Relevance
Evaluation
1992
it
was
992
area
1992
the
Their findings
summarized
are
in
This
legal description
follows
6.89
of Section
Portions
T.39S R.24E
sites There
This
and Cultural Analysis
Rim
work
of
area
work
However
surveys
sufficient
to
have
the
had
of
be
to
what was
area
area including the rim
extremely
sites
indicate
in
sites
enlarged
include
is
estimated
Materials from
from
an additional
area
has an
date
can
be
the
ACEC
known
constructs
Archaeological
features
indicated
by
the
that
as
are
an
is
region
of the
what
of the rim have
like
Small nest
debris butchering
lithic
projectile
would
points
locations
where Stone
to
in the
period
the
and
last
this
period
8000
period
pattern
years
as
the
estimated
years before
to
the present
This most abundant
area
the
are
Rim
Creek
Fish
known
which
8000
point of use and
recent
Evidence
Fish
occupation
historically
gathering
is
very
exists that
Rim
Creek
It
the
period
ethnographic
years
that
from
dates
however
of upland plant
which was seen
areas
for the
more than 8000
early
of occupation
covering
rings/occupation
this
sites
Great
in the
took place at these
be
to
0000
found
evidence
focal
within the proposed
blinds
Point Tradition
from
archaic
plants
There
site
Record of Occupation
area
of archaeological
sites
sites in
areas
The record of occupation
is
Types
Stone
unusual
understanding
fractured
hunting
other
numbers of
large
the
cases
land uses
associated with
that
throughout
Site
hunting
art
some
with
is
on
locatEons
In
site-specific
many
This additional
concentration
cultural
and
to
proposed
originally
dense
has been
an
Several
impact
Stemmed
ACEC
The proposed
found
region
the
Survey
random
occasional
presence
high
conducted
body of knowledge
this
indicate
contain
sites
has been
areas
and
surveys
to
resource
nature
systematic
some areas while other
project
known
is
of cultural
numerous
of having
of stone
stone rings
as the
are
of upland
and
tools
such
be
stone
lithic
throughout
scatters
important for gaining
enclosures
concentrations
found
The study of rock
appear
Values
The Fish Creek
time
the
or repair
lithic
jn this
Hunting blinds
where
association
in
are
pattern
significance
Historical
within
Indians
areas
are
can
art
small area
Basin
Criteria
rock
features
in
They
art
Rock
types
of Section
Relevance and Importance
Fowler
years
is
manufacture
associated
these
of SectionS
Portions
Paiute
are
have
rim where
All
500
past
Other types of sites
also
16 17 20 21 28 29 32
33
found
are
area
of Section
These
from the use
tools
T.38S R.24E
All
the
period of occupation
scatter
debris
as
within
of the Northern
period
Lithic
is
Proposed Areas
for
this
evaluation
The
Criteria
used
structure
ONHP Vander Schaff
again by
recommended
RNA status for the
They
evaluated
and Importance
is
and
was
area
likely
that
hunting
long-lived
tradition
stone rings are present
investigations
University
they are
of some
of Nevada
of these
Reno
form of occupation
Fidigs
has
The Fish Creek Rim area has
significant
prehistoric
111-28
-I
CEC Nomination
cultural
extensive
and
to
which has
The
study
not
been
yet
meets
Rini
of
to
subjected
the area
Great Basin
relevance
area
goal of 100
Creek Rim
Fish
which can
use of uplands
other portions
University
have
for
potential
criteria
for
Fish
The
importance
study of
to
Work
by
Rim
Creek
sites
the
larger area than
has been
the
is
some
hiiles fo
resource values
suitable
area
the
was
boundary
from
last
there
nests
in
1958
are
within
rim itself
the
falcon
some
been
The
raptor
on
located
habitat
recent
peregrine
within
of
sitings
the release
in
area
nests
site
located
obseived
pair
ACEC
rim just north of the proposed
the
nesting on
the
in
prairie falcon
probably
east
seen
active
peregrine
have
are
been
has
area however
areasome
there
in the
five
There
miles of the
habitat
be
occupy
has set
area
within
known
no
ACEC
proposed
and
area
birds
for cultural
proposed
the
are
pronghorn
already
for the
nesting
sheep
bighorn
ODFW
year
leks
crucial
There
miles of the
There
they
the
animals
golden eagle and
four
sheep
Bald eagles also can
winter
56
the
meets
the
within
on the
has shown that
Reno
study
proposed
originally
be applied
Great Basin
of the
of Nevada
just local
information
They can provide
importance
in
of more than
sites are
California
fitly
sage grouse
no knowii
but
identified
The
Forty to
some time of
at
Western
five
for
habitat
habitat
population
Fish
Proposed .1rca
for
mule deer winter habitat and
as
antelope
uses
site
upland
Criteria
The area provides
as well
site
here should be
sites located
the criteria for
is
and hnportance
of Relevance
high density
within the Northern
patterns
Evaluation
This
important data on
provide
Creek
has
It
upland environment
an
environment
able
Ill
Report
resources present
in
sites
Analysis
1959
or
Scenic Analysi.s
Findings
Values
The
This area
juniper
It
is
sloping westward
flat
minor broken
contains
southeast
from
aspen
The
eastern
consists
as
of
edge
within
the
as
Fish Creek
WSA
is
The
the
proposed
scenic
it
and
area
is
within
does not contain
or value
significance
therefore
importance
values
WSA
substantial
it
does
not
and
is
not satisfy
criteria
species
The
significant
qualities
nor has
protection
under
for
does
diversity
relevance
fragile
it
warranting
and Natural
scenic
meet
Wildlife
Analysis
Creek
this
area
of the Basin and
displays
the
Rim
Fish
just south of the
does
area
it
or
been
FLPrvIA
so
importance
Hazards Analysis
above
Holocene-age
Tertiary-
to
characterize
sea
located
Range
in the
Range
level
broken
up
faulting
Quaternary-age
late
In
provinces
Province
by
Province
The geology
is
broad uneven plateau
block
northwestern
Pysiographic
of both of these
Basin and
by
is
High Lava Plains
characteristics
area the
characterized
feet
Values
locally
or wildlife
species
Values
corner
relevance
for
for
managed
Findings
fairly
maintaining
make
that
as
recognized
does
for
criterion
more than
Geology
Class
Although
the
habitat
The
Class II but the
Rim
not have
it
area
rim
rocky
essential
not satisfy
crucial
or sensitive
endangered
threatened
habitat
known
of any
circumstances
western
of the pioposed
VRM
to
changes
stands
scattered
of the steep
portion
Rim
Creek
Fish
mahogany
and
groves
was inventoried
portion
western
rims trending northwest
to dense
open sagebrush
juniper
from
and
Closer to the rim the vegetation
small quaking
area
low sagebrush
primarily
absence
4000
Tertiary-
5000
to
tc
Higher-elevation
volcanic
flows and
domes
portions of the province
III
29
CEC Nomination
Creek
Fish
drains
Rim
Creek
Analysis
the
uplands
blocks
Walker
of en echelon
low relief
of relatively
course of Fish
the
and
uplands
Creek
controlled
is
The
that
these
faults
intermingflng
geophytic
between
in the
common
very
and
Lava
High
Creek
in the
does
northwestern
Plains
Basin and
any
and
onions
are
geologic
values
criteria for
relevance
or for
Fish
It
does
the
not meet
This area meets
importance
essential
on
bitterbrush
Also
quaking
as
aspen
of the botanical
low
scattered
Several
found
throughout
BLM
following
much
Bureau
Rim
Basin and
elements
is
area
are
Melica
Ecosystems
Mountain mahogany/
criteria
found
also
as
Oregon
in
at
the
in the area
present
which add
plants
of their limited
to
range
biodiversity
of the
as are
limited
to
good
and
the
in
sensitive
and
distribution
the
need
the
site
plant
town of
Add
it
indicator
an
of
of high
The proximity
of the area
uniqueness
reach makes
an
plant
for
opportunities
is
of
sensitive
The unusual presence
education
and
RNA
an
unique
Bureau
the
afford
pools
to the
site
for
are
somewhat
although
important outdoor
classroom
ONHP ONHP
sagebrush/Idaho
because
cells
disjunct on
fir
1Pedicu1aris
Big sagebrush-bitterbrush/Idaho
Low
study
gene
fills
Summary
the
natural
1998
fescue
Based on
criteria
fescue scabland
the
mountain
planning
big
Findings
area
criteria
20
26
35
Also
high potential
The
difficult
ACE/RNA
Range
from the
is
of Bureau sensitive
ecosystem
research and
white
Sb
99
Proposed
juniper
species
malic grass
nodding
species
as
Range
importance
26
as
described
only represented
are
criteria
and
diversity
Basin and
in
the
RNA
proposed
has
species
of
Western
plants
41
as habitat
fragility
scientific
Prunus
of the proposed
sensitive
ONHP
centranthera
cell
area meets
Rim Number
importance
terrestrial
Abies concolor
fir
dwarf Jousewart
and
Fish Creek
bittercherry
scablands
sagebrush
with the area
stricla
white
species
communities
Designations
The
populations
This area
vasevana
snowbrush
triclentata
criteria
of species
mountain
present are small stands
and
and
Shrubs
big sagebrush
veiuiinusl and
emarginata.
the
rinirock
Arteinisia tricientata
Purshia
Cea.nothus
well
Wyoming
are
with relatively
in the
ledifoliusl
Lakes
upper
mahogany
of mountain
include
sagebrush
big
incorporates
shrublandlgrasslands
Cercocarpus
Ca.lochortus
relevance
the
Cell
Fish Creek
Sink
ACEC/RNA
stands
cultural
Americans
by Native
and
maintenance
for
by Heritage
Analysis
Values
extensive
number of
are
Findings
numbers 20 35 and
elevation
mahogany and
bitterroot
Ecosystems
present
area
Lomatluin
representative
This Proposed
mountain
the
considerable
is
outstandingly
remarkable
Botanic/Ecological
describe the plant
There
site
Range
Provinces
Physiographic
not possess
corridors
study
the
utilized
plants
are
examples
the
above
listed
communities
sagebrush
Findings
values within
and
shrub complex
bittercherry
at
present
Also present
The geologic
and
area cells
natural
areas
I965
Repenning
Snowbrush
communities
several
by
41
where possible bitterbrush
and
sagebrush
Proposed Areas
by
faults
In
Criteriafor
and importance
primarily
flows dissected
basalt
zone
northwest-trending
faulted
of Relevance
of the Fish
portion
These
of Tertiary-age
consist
form
central
Evaluation
III
Report
Fish
the historical/cLiltural
this area
for
ACEC
Creek
meets
the
designation
Rim
area
and
botanic/ecological
relevance
It
is
and
importance
recommended
be designated
as
RNA
that
in
the
process
111
30
1CEC
Nomination
And/vs/s
Evaluation
111
Report
of Relevance
ACEC/RINA
Spanish Lake
indicate
The
992
In
the
is
ONHP
the
Lake
Spanish
Vander
Coleman Lake and
Lake
Spanish
The community
the
exists
The
1992 proposed
ACECIRNA
an
legal
by
much more common
of
that
to
is
scrub
the
south
community
this
All
which
Basin
of the area
While
Great
sites
preserved
The
does
area
not
relevance
thought
other
Site
the
Va
that
argued
all
sonic
in this area
sites
data which would not be
contain
within the basin
locati6ns
for
criteria
have
sites
of the known
none
to
The
are
available
at
does not
area
importance
Analysis
ues
The area
Coleman
and Importance
Criteria
lakebed
and
and Cultural Analysis
Historical
larger better
Lakes
are similar to
Northern
16 21 22 28
of Section
Relevance
for
area
the
throughout
Spanish
at
be
can
it
Scenic
15 17 20 27 29 3233
of Section
Lake
Spanish
have
areas
criteria
importance
follows
as
is
the
are found
Other
the
meet
meet
T.40S R.25E
Portions
of occupation
age
than those found
few areas
description
Proposed Areas
for
Map
acres
desert
salt
site
northeast
semi-dry playallake
Great Basin but in Oregon
only in
the
within
sites
sites
Basin in
and
4699
about
surrounded
is
This
of the Warner
covers
is
barren and
mostly
Schaaf
south of Greaser Reservoir
Oregon
in
for
site
located in the south end
Criteria
Fin ding
of Area
Description
and Importance
is
surrounded
vegetation
by
VRM
as
to
that
found
mostly
is
scrub brush
desert
dry
Topography
in the
was inventoried and
area
Class
Lake
Spanish
similar
are
area The
surrounding
managed
east
to the
towards
sloping upward
an open basin
Rim
is
IV
Values
Findings
This area
is
known
mostly
resources
contain
to
archaeological
and
scatters
lithic
The
campsites
area
is
not contain
not meet
Site
The
sites
found
and
scatters
lithic
in
the
area
remains
to
appear
of camp
that
found
relevance
or
region and
in the
value
scenic
significant
the
Wildlife
be small
similar to
Therefore
importance
does
it
does
criteria
Analysis
sites
Values
Record of occupation
The
While
Lake
very
the
region
has
overall
little
can
Lake area
of Coleman
long record
be said
Most of
been
intensively
little
cultural
Valley and
for the
the
surface
material
sites
of occupation
the
collected
remains
on
area
fbr
the
area
sites
eagle
years and
to
owl
can
contains
pronghorn
however
have
surface
and
nest
Spanish
specific
in
Spanish
within
there
nests
colony
be
habitat
season-long
There
antelope
the
are
within
located
prairie
miles
falcon
There
is
for
in the
winter
raptor
boundary
and
also
miles to the north
seen in the area
mule deer
no known
ACEC
proposed
two
are
three
golden
burrowing
Bald eagles
but nesting
is
not
lIE
-31
1CEC
Aiasis
Nonunaijon
known
Evaluation
III
Report
occur
to
and hnportwice
of Relevance
These
wildlife
known
of any
endangered
habitat
essential
for
does not satisfy
The
does not have
qualities
has
it
been
more than
so
it
it
warranting
natural
species
for
locally
make
that
as
recognized
FLPMA
under
criterion
and
or
significant
fragile
criteria
Botanic/Ecological
Lake has
Spanish
for
several
scrub and
desert
salt
Hazards Analysis
is
to
alkali
portion of the
Findings
considered
northwestern
of these
Province
4000
In
late
5000
to
Tertiary-
Higher-elevation
volcanic
the
area the Basin
this
by
above
feet
sea
to
Tertiary-
domes
community
within the
and
broken
lake
has
as well
be
to
requirements
has been
changed
the
fill
in the
sonic areas
also
appear
as
good
in
that
have
to
the
ONHP
playa
the
foothills
RNA
proposed
meet
dominates
that
to
Wildfire
in the
The
Spanish
need
in the
Lake
been
heavily
of livestock
Basin
meets
site
and
QuaternaIy-age
the
Range
ONHP
following
Ecosystems
cell
ONHP
998a
of
portions
to
recognizance
little
particular
up
faulting
characterize
the
community
by over-grazing
impacted
broad uneven
level
block
Holocene-age
flows and
of both
the
of
shadscale Airipiex
usually dry
area cell need
area since
Of
greasewood
surrounding
condition and
natural
Range
flats
communities
plant
community
the
this plant
ecological
the
characteristics
characterized
is
to
in
south of the High Lava
just
displays
provinces
plateau
by
Province
The geology
Plains
located
is
of the Basin and
corner
Physiographic
Range
area
or
geology
Artetnisia
eastof
the
natural
extensive
the
spiizesceiis/bunchgrass
uplands
Lake
for
Analysis
con fertfolia-budsªge
The Spanish
criteria
Plains
does not meet
hazards
importance
and Natural
area
nor
importance
GeoLogy
Lake
Spanish
importance
High Lava
and
Range
in the
relevance
protection
does not satisfy
relevance
the
or
Basin
area The
transitional
for
species
maintaining
the
circumstances
or
habitat
or sensitive
diversity
area
crucial
common
values are very
geologic
northwestern
threatened
Proposed 1rees
for
Findings
Findings
The absence
Criteria
province
34
The Spanish
Lake
Coleman Valley
area
north-trending Basin
series
near the north end
lies
This area
and
en echelon
sediments
lacustrine
Quaternary-age
silts
and
valleys
conirnon
valleys
hazards
in
gravels
Aeolian
around
There
in the
the
are
Walker
and
deposits
uplands
and
The
Tertiary-
clays
sands
near the down-faulted
of
lakebeds
silt
and
that
Renenning
sand
are
occupy
the
natural
to
is
in sections
understory
consists
most part
Also
nauseosus
partially
and
at the
22
16 and
site
at
the
shrub
covering
The bunchgrass
of bottlebrush squirreltail
present
spinosa
desert
unchgrass
extensive
sideslopes
triplex
and
and
fluviatile
no apparent
and
typical
faults
rocks are primarily Tertiary-age basalts
tuffaceous
of
type faults and
Range
of northwest-trending
by
dissected
is
Shadscale-budsage/b
This community
site
is
for the
spiny hopsage
gray rabbitbrush Cinysothamnus
Suaeda
seablite
represented
ONHP
cell
nigra
needs
Also
are
ONHP
l998a
73
Bare
playa with povertyweed terrestrial
ecosystems
geological
68
965
Spiny
aquatic
On
and
and
saltbush
or
shadscale/saltgrass
playa
ecosystems
adjacent to the playa
there
are several
111
-32
CEC Nomination
Analysis
Evaluation
III
Report
Sarcobatus vermiculatus
greasewood
communities
that
excellent
of importance
are
and Importance
of Relevance
the
playa and
the
Ringing
road that
dirt
cuts
alkali
bottomland
by livestock
To
barren
it
wherever
as
meets
ACEC/RNA
proposed
is
community
natural
characterized
as
Based on
heavily
area
greasewood
are
community
area
Also
present
gray rabbitbrush and
that
the
Land
desert
salt
Findings
the
meets
be
it
the
relevance
criteria
as
it
community
dominated
health
ACEC would
The
contains
area
and
meets
also
that
aid
hills
is
The
sagebrush
communities
are
Great Basin but have
fulfills
meets
of
RNAs
existing
found
at
Lake
Spanish
in
cell
community
any
protecting
Although
area
RNAs
existing
is
an
to date
the
one
communities
and
to
the
thus
this
the
in
in
Nevada
important for
and
desert
it
6000
around
and
low
south on
line
state
feet
of
foothills
tall
runs north and
the
proposed
as
designated
portion
The
in the
the
high
The
proposed
Rahilly-Gravelly
RNA Vander
an
area
is
Schaaf
managed
is
by
of the
part
is
portion
670
acres
in
shrub
provides
results
part
being proposed
ecological
in
Oregon and
in
of the
by
area
acres
evaluation
for
only
as
original
Oregon and
l.830
report
LRARIVIP
must be approved
in
south in the Great Basin this
Oregon
this
community type
of the few northern-most
found
is
be
If the
any
not represented
site
and
Oregon portion of the
in
ACEC
in
example of
found
is
and
plateau
south end
criteria
Director
shadscale-budsage
planning
tue
at
LRA The Nevada portion of the area
BUM Surprise Field Office The Nevada
the
particular
ONHP
to
The
decision
In
located
is
the
throughout
represented
area
in the
site
average
the
1992
1992
salt
the
combination
the
ACEC/RNA
the
ONHP
importance
widespread
not been
Lake
Spanish
in
Map
included
as these
the
RNA/ACEC
as
abut the Oregon-Nevada
that
Allotment
diversity
the
importance
that
by western juniper
elevations
ACEC/RNA
scrub communities
and
this
of Area
Warner Valley
the
conclusions
In
Lake Proposed
relevance
recommended
designated
Findings
the
is
RahillyGravelly
area
needs
ACELC
the
and
values present
botanic/ecological
The Rahilly-Gravelly
important in the Great Basin
Spanish
RNA
an
in
BLM The
the
this
jeopardy
The
species
plant
establishing
Great Basin
Great Basins ecological
are in
resiliency
in protecting
the
by
created
the
Healing
for
process
shadscale growing
sand dunes
document
recent
emphasize
desert
criteria
Description
Great Basin
and
the
unique
of the individual
mammals
possibilities
Lake
wildrye
In the
extinct
sagebrush
and
spiny hopsage
together on
the
of big
now
sand dunes
stabilized
vegetated
stabilized
on the
north of Spanish
to the
This community consists
occurs
that
arose
that
Pleistocene
is
criteria
Another
and
believed
is
in the
north offers
this far
studies
Summary
impacted
communities
It
of
occurs
it
occurrence
area
communities
plant
foraging pressures of
the
for genetic
This community
has been
of these
spiny plant
under
the
south of the
the
classified
Basin wildiye
grazing
are
small representation
is
community
because
rare
towards
east
greasewoodlsaltgrass
playa there
greasewood/Great
relatively
area
communities
stricta
Lake
Spanish
the
through
greasewood playa and
Distich/is
to tte
continuing
Proposed Areas
for
laboratory to study the biodiversity
resilience
these
Criteria
ACEC
included
Nevada At
1300
acres
significant
potential
to
State
BLM
730
acres
present
in
include
that
the California
proposed
which include
as
decision
about
Nevada
cultural
are
and
values
an
111
33
ACEC Nomination
The
Analysis
Report
within
legal description
Evaluation
ill
Oregon
as
is
of Re/evance
follows
and
Criteria
importance
were occupied
features
them some of
TAOS R24E
in the
30 32
All
2500
earliest
years ago
making
dated
features
of this type
dense
concentration
region
Rock
23 26 27 31 33 3435
of Section
the
II 14 15 19 21 22 28
of Section
Portions
ProposedAreas
jbr
art This
very
lai-ge
area
has
art
sites
rock
period of several
The
thousand
rock
of
time
covers
art
years
T.41S R.24E
Portions of Section
67
14 18 23
Lithic
10 11 15 16 17
of Section
All
19 20 21 22
The
legal
or
Nevada
within
description
is
as
hunting
sites
The
cairns
indicate
areas
area
the
throughout
would
of rock cairns
presence
religious
represent
retouch
tool
campsites
found
are
which may
scatters
activity
quarry
Rock
follows
Lithic
scatters
lithic
activity
T.47N R.19E
Portions of Section
19 20
17
Hunting blinds
to
Relevance
be
that
and Importance
hunting
the
Criteria
sites There
by
Values
The Rahilly-Gravelly
and
is
It
known
high density
which
are
Reno
has conducted
several
based
found
sites
there
the
It
for the
were
large-scale
Earlier
archaeological
been
an
of Nevada
excavations
work
are several
would
indicate
was
of plants
within
sites
the
of long tenil occupation
that
the
the
The
tools within
and
collection
major
which
activity
took place in the area
sites
be
masters thesis
exploration have
geothermal
to
focus of investigations
the
of
hunting
Record
of Occupation
resources
plant
University
of this
processing
of the
variety
known
also
archaeological
results
Several
1974
The
is
to
subjected
wide
contain
within the region
sites
upon
spring
for
to
of sites
which has TCP values
area
has been
surveys more than most areas
archaeological
district
area
sites
for
amounts of stone
of large
presence
This would indicate
of people are indicated
groups
large
these
found
evidence
area where
upland
are
what appeal
locations
several
area was important
Occupation
and Cultural Analysis
Historical
In
blinds
This
area of the Northern
at
every type of
was
of occupation
the
was
Fagan
the
home
found
site
going
Great Basin
present
back
at least
of the Northern
Euroamericans
It
has nearly
shows
record
10000 years
Paiute
It
when
Indians
entered the area
surveys
completed
Findiiigs
within the area
The area has
Sire
Typ
features
or
Stone
rings
several
locations
show
houses
The
resources present
the variety
Stone
significant
rings
within
evidence
are
the
region
to
exist
by
the
has shown that some
make
at
These
of being occupation
Test excavations
Nevada Reno
known
the
prehistory
sites
University
of these
of sites
and
prehistoric
extremely
the
and
historic
high density
time depth
of these
cultural
of sites
sites
area veiy important for the study of
in the
meets
the
criteria
There
are
few
Northern
for
Great
Basin
The
area
relevance
of
areas
which have
upland
resources of
11
34
Anal
4CECNo.rnjnation
number and
the
and
patterns
area
of current
area
the
Scenic
Northern
to the
criteria
for
settlemeni
is
been
does not have
Analysis
for
as
recognized
so
it
criterion
more than
warranting
does
species
relevance
for
locally
make
that
significant
criteria
nor has
fragile
it
it
under
protection
not satisfy
and Natural
Geology
maintaining
the
circumstances
or
FLPMA
importance
Values
for
importance
Hazards Analysis
Values
is
Gravelly
Rahilly
covered
The
managed
VRM
as
and
grasses
hilly
area
The Rahilly-Gravehly area
corner of the Basin
scattered
inventoried and
was
area
Class
broken
sloped
steeply
with sagebrush
western juniper
is
IV
Findings
contrasts
the
area
above
feet
areas
the
are
and
Therefore
does
it
importance
scenic
and
topography
it
is
similar
not contain
to
that
foLLnd
value
scenic
significant
not meet the relevance
does
in the
Physiograpliic
Province
and
sea level
to
Tertiary-
block
Range
broken
faulting
In
is
4000
plateau
up by
5000
to
late Tertiary-
to
Higher-elevation
Quatemary-age volcanic
characterize
geology
provinces
Province
broad uneven
by
The
flows and
doiiies
of the province
portions
or
The
criteria
Rahilly-Gravelly
area
flows dissected
by northwest
Analysis
echelon
fault
There
sets
geological hazards
Walker
by
and
are
volcanic
in faulted
lies
primarily characterized
uplands
Wildlife
northwesten
in
of both of these
Basin
Holocene-age
vegetation
the
located
is
Range
displayscharacteristics
characterized
Although
and
just south of the High Lava Plains
this
region
essential
not satisfy
area
ProposedArcas
for
does
qualities
The
Paiute
The
Criteria
habitat
diversity
The
which
resource area
plant
importance
meets
use
wildlife
is
area
Great Basin
Northern
the
in
be
to
The
site
and importance
of Relevance
Evalz.wtion
area
study of upland
time
known
is
III
Report
as this
variety
in the
important
vsis
northeast
no apparent
and
basalt
Tertiary-age
trending
cii
natural
965
Repenning
Values
The
and
contains
area
pronghorn
season-long
antelope
mule
for
dcci
Finding5
sheep probably
Bighorn
These
Rim herd
from the Coleman
habitat
have
geologic
been
occasionally
northwestern
seen
in
the
area
Elk an
from the expanding
are
no known
raptor
also
Warner
ACEC
boundary however
falcon
one
horned
owl nest within
are
also
seven
Western
within
the
there
are
kestrel
meet
the
relevance
and
miles of the area
Botanic/Ecological
habitat
for
endangered
or sensitive
species
or
tall
sagebrush
on
of the
are the
quality
the
threatened
criteria for
geology
Analysis
within
Findings
crucial
importance
great
There
The Rahilly-Gravelly
known
Rahilly-GraveHy
Plains
area does not
hazards
juniper stands
of any
Range
in the
High Lava
prairie
one
miles of the area
The absence
or
common
and
proposed
three
sage grouse leks
area The
transitional
There
or natural
one
golden eagle
seen in the area
Mountain herd
sites
nest
be
values are very
Basin and
site
grasses
presence
the
site
contains
sagebrush
lithic
soiled
diversity
in the
scattereu
flats
Prominent
of shrubs and
understory
of squaw apple
western
low
mosaic and
the
features
high
Of particular
note
is
Peophyllun
IlL
-35
.4
CEC Nomination
and
raniosissimwn
sagebrush
Evaluation
Ill
along with big
bitterbrush
and Inportwwe
of Relevance
shrubs form
natural
area
Range
the
importance
need
cell
ONHP
the
in
ONHP
Ecosystems
the
fills
site
following
1998a
tall
end
Western
juniper/big
and
rcQs
where
layer over large
of low sagebrush
soils are
and
southern
the
at
low
the
northern
the
at
are
shallow
very
tend to be
elevations
communities
common
The
with small patches
site
of the area at higher
scabi
sagebrush-bitterbrush
shrub
shrub communities
sagebrush
.1
occurs at the site
scablands interspersed
The
Basin and
Proposed
for
fairly dense
of the
portions
Of primary
Criteria
also
Serviceberry
shrub layer
the
in
Report
Analysis
end
on
the
plateau
oi-nn-iiiiiity
It
Western
juniper occurs
open
trees
found
are
in the
the
junipers
of approximately
is
the
big sagebrush
deposits
Sagebrush
the
includes
upper
the
BLM
sensitive
The
other
equally as prominent
as
occurs four
leminonii
four
in
locations
the
State
are the
range
of
edge
which
are
extirpated
stable
is
its
range
to
in
from
nearly
site
equal cover
sagebrush
and
the
this
plant
and
the
understory
Idaho
or
the
at
fescue being
these
bitterbi-ush
wheatgrass
Thurbers
needlegiass
The
The
and
essential
bitterbrush
are
common
contains
or
plant
may
Valley to the
approach
significant
area
in
good condition with
dominant grass
Also
present
is
and
bluegrass
amounts
The
site
species
relevance
the
maintenance
of species
of the botanical
also
meets
the
with the presence
criteria
diversity
need
cell
criteria
importance
of the Bureau
for
sensitive
Coopers goldflower
Rahilly-Gravelly
common
or
have
meets
the
criteria
especially
important becomes
where
northern
the
squaw-apple
low
Sagebrush
shrub associates
far less
area meets
species
possibly
squaw apple
is
is
Sandbergs
for
as representative
Status
998b
Great Basin but squaw apple
site
storms often
in lesser
Rahilly-Gravelly
as habitat
northwestern
being big sagebrush
and
of the Great
support squaw apple
Warner
rain in this
site
the
uebunch
ONHP
southern
shrub species
four
diatomacous
high moist
portion
to
moisture-bearing
as
it
for
exists
Great Basin meets
sagebrushlbunchgrass
Over much of
moisture
surrounding
of snow
especially
but are more
OHNP
elsewhere
is
to
endangered
Oregon
on
from
Findings
occurs at the
California
which
List
threatened
for
Oregon
Nevada
eastern
and
luff
occur
from the south allowing
region
whei-e
area these
the
This variety
through
Arizona and west
ONHP
in
Coopers goldflower
for
Idaho southward
for
places
only populations
of Oregon
northwestern
total
var can escens
Hvinenoxys cooped
goldfiower
to
for
Coopers
species
plant
Winter
interception
sagebrush
The
the
noted
hils of the Rahilly-Gravelly
sufficient
to the
compared
habitat
Arteinisia
variety
of shrubs become
collect
north
slopes
fractured
generally in the northern
hillsides
act to
been
have
noted
also
is
BÆsn The low
density
but more importantly
vasevana
Iridentata
weakly consolidated
site
characterizes
mediuiri textured soils derived
of side
At
sagebrush
big
of the site the sagebrush
elevations
species
per acre
Occurrences
are
It
what
precisely
of younger
to
shrub on the lower
Wyoming
being mostly
mountain
12 trees
to
most prominent
scattered
are
known
substrates
of the hilly
top
not
squaw apple
in
of the area the western
and
older
all
flat
relatively
southern portion
are
mostly
site
with occasional
generally in small pockets
Across
slopes
the
trees
young trees The clumps
of dense
clumps
across
of older aged
stands
is
steppe
an
in
for plant
biodiversity
research
The presence
community and
and
is
ecotone
the
well as the other shrubs
opportunity
RNA
the
of
opens
an
ecosystem
in the
common
111
36
.1
CEC
Nomination
Summary
Analysis
Evaluation
Ill
Report
of Relevance
and Importance
IS
1.3
Findings
C1tcwfoi
.4rea
PmoposeJ
R.23E
21 28
20 29
Portions of Section
and
Historical
values combined
cultural
relevance criteria for designation
ACEC
an
as
Relevance
Cultural Property
Traditional
The area
and
values meet the importance
botanic/ecological
as
described
presently
and Importance
the
meets
criteria
Values
The Foley Lake area contains
ACEC/RNA
Foley Lake
cultural
Work
resources
has shown that the
Description of Area
The Foley Lake area was
1982
by
2747
about
located
southwest
from
Lake
and
5160
665 acres
in
to the
The
to
along the
4800
target
natural
black sagebrush
however
LRA
are
all
also
present
with
sites
on
sites
tall
Rorippa
sensitive
exclosure
The
site
soils
site
which
site
within the lake
is
for the
is
bed
as follows
R.22E
Portions of Section
the
in
recent
and
time and
may
area
houses
or
sites
of these features
art The
within
black
rock
located
is
it
relate
to
appear
Archaeological
indicate
to
art
that
Paiute
they are
occupation
to
has
art
years
time period
is
in
significant
of water
locations
related
The rock
4500
Paiute
probably
also
is
It
locations
archaic
of the area
important
at
area
the
these
sites
occupation
of
time range
ago
up
500
years
to
very recent
ago
to
present
soiled
wet
of Columbia
Burial sites At least one
burial
is
known
within the
area
seasoiial
BLM
located
Bureau
inside
ONHP
an
998b
Rock shelters
area
where
one
at
of
Nevada Reno
back
least
there
at
lithic
found
are several
rock shelters
In
Lithic
23 24
in the
of the region
middle
level
playa vernally
Lake
Foley
is
of low
1998
Tipps
present
sites
ring
be small occupation
at
its
some deeper
plant Columbia cress
fence
is
in the
increasing
large
study
site
found
species
consists
columbiana
legal description
T.3
lithic
and
wet years
during
site
the
sagebrush
with silver sage
cress
at
at the
nova community
Artemisia
other Arteinisia
of biodiversity The
sagebrush
community
Stone
rings
Rock
plant
time period
Types
that
The
an estimated
to the
up
This work
feet
Map
feet
years ago
investigations
of
the top
between
varies
Site
Stone
small basin which contains
elevation
7000
on
completed
some
1999
runs
site
Road up
RNA
is
area
Rim
of Abert
Hogback
the
The
as
Road
Hogback
Coniiriodore Ridge
Foley
group
of the north end
of the
nominated
first
were proposed This
acres
east
side
west
ONHP
the
frrn
has been
cover
sites
of
high concentrations
Nevada Reno
of
by the University
sites
in
Criteria
and Cultural Analysis
Historical
TCP
for
of Section
All
with
least
case
scatters
scatters
These
by
that
this
years before
There
are
of obsidian
areas
signs
excavations
indicates
7000
areas
show
may
the
within this
of occupation
the
University
occupation
present
numerous
areas
and
flakes
be
basalt
lithic
goes
work
where
can
be
areas
111
37
ACEC Nomination
Analysis
locations
hunting
Record
Foley Lake
of Occupation
deer and
The archaeologica
this area
work
indicates
that
which has been
this
upland
year period
and
game
plant
at
quarry
in
the
south
the
proposed
while collecting
resources
sheep
There
three
prairie
nests
within
are
ACEC
Western
been
antelope
eagle
also
is
within
sagegrouse
there
to
within
are
two
and
kestiel
owl
burrowing
miles to the northwest
leks
Rim
sites
nest
raptor
however
golden
There
winter
seen in Rabbit Greek
no known
miles
mule
for
from the Abert
boundary
falcon
located
colony
pronghorn
probably
one
habitat
season-long
crucial
occasionally
least
for
within
Bighorn
range
includes
hunting
sites
of the area
occupation
Proposed Areas
for
area contains
lies
herd have
over at
This use probably
stone tool production
done
was
area
important for resource procurement
7.000
Criteria
Values
etc
campsites
mmd Importance
of Relevance
Evaluation
III
Report
three
and
miles
Findings
Findings
The
Foley Lake area has
resources present
cultural
significant
These
Sites
are
study of upland resource procurement
patterns The
settlement
meets
area
--
important for the
and
the
Theabsence
threatened
criteria for
habitat
essential
for
maintaining
criterion
the
not does not satisfy
The unique nature of
area
the
sites
in this area
important for the study of upland
The area meets
patterns
the
criteria
make
species
criteria
for
does
diversity
The
does
area
importance
and Natural
Geology
Hazards Analysis
Values
Scenic Analysis
The
Values
just
is
area
Low
fairly
vegetation
with Foley Lake providing
the
to
and
inventoried
immediate
some
area
managed
is
with litte elevation
open
dominates
as
the
landscape
brighter
The
color
Tertiary-
Range
by
broken
block
The
late
In
provinces
is
4000
Tertiary-
5000
to
to
Higher-elevation
Quatemary-age volcanic
characterize
geology
Province
up by
faulting
Province
Physiographic
broad uneven plateau
sea level
to
Range
northwestern
in the
of both of these
area the Basin and
above
located
Lava Plains
characteristics
Holocene-age
IV
Class
and
south of the High
characterized
feet
area was
VRM
this
is
area
of the Basin
displays
The proposed
Lake
Foley
corner
contrasts
the
or wildlife
species
relevance
for
for
for
importance
change
habitat
the
uses and
Site
crucial
or sensitive
endangered
not satisfy
relevance
known
of any
flows and
domes
backslope
of the
of the province
portions
Findings
Foley Lake
The
proposed
region
and
Therefore
importance
Wildlife
area
does
it
is
similar
not contain
does not meet
criteria
to that
found
significant
the
in the
scenic
relevance
or
value
upthrown
lies
Abert
characterized
scattered
no
on
the
Rim
gently-sloping
fault
block
by Tertiary-age
low areas
apparent natural
that
The
basalt
area
is
flows and
host seasonal lakes
and
There
are
geological hazards
Analysis
III
38
/ICEC Nomination
Analysis
Evaluation
111
Report
of Rele%ance
mid Importance
The black sagebrush
Findings
geologic
northwestern
Plains
and Range
Basin
transitional
The
area
not meet the relevance
in
Foley Lake
area
criteria
and
Walker
silver
sagebrush
does
Arteinisia spinescens
for
area
Repenning
Within
dominant
1965
immediate
in the
grasses are bottlebrush squirreltail
lesser
to
and
extent
The Wyoming
the
the
with Idaho
Truckee
tiny
sagebrush
big
more even
and Idaho
squirreltail
and
bud sage
community
sagebrush
community contains
Analysis
big
deciduous
occurs
also
black
the
rabbitbrush
green
Wyoming
of
low sagebrush bunchgrass
The summer
fescue occurring
Botanic/Ecological
community occurs within an
sagebrushlbunchgrass
the
High Lava
and
or iniportance
hazards
or natural
geology
common
values are very
Proposed Areas
for
mosaic
diverse
extremely
These
Criteria
mix of
bottlebrush
fescue grasses
Value
the
Surrounding
flat
Lake
Foley
is
seasonally
that
dry playa
the
in
The
past
the
through
has had
use by
wild horses
black
and
dries
usually
the
Bureau
Lakeview
agreement
plant
species
early
as
1996
Research
992 when
constructed
Columbia
or
need
cress
site
for the
fills
ONHP
Black
in
of Oregod
State
started
fence
was
USFWS
and
of the botanical
also
The
meets
unique
Columbia
Lake meets
for
site
the
also the
species
as habitat
diversity
need
cell
aiid
for the
criteria
importance
of the Bureau
in
it
RNA
an
for
for
sensitive
is
as
it
already
It
years
is
biodiversity as four
sagebrush
species grow
site
criteria
cress
criteria
studying
sagebrush
proximity
community
the
with the presence
has had research conducted
Rancre
sagebrushbtmchgrass
site
species
Foley
area
relevance
of plant
ONHP
plant
Throughout Range
Basin
the
maintenance
as representative
especially
natural
meets
site
for
as
List
the following
Foley Lake
essential
was
ONHP
study the
distinctive
30
limited
and
Findings
ONHP 199a
Ecosystem
District
conservation
of the playa
on
is
the
found
in
the
and
protect
exciosure
Endangered
The Foley Lake
cell
an
1997
signed
to
however
enclose part
to
Threatened
BLM
USFWS
with the
In
species
of the
District
pool
sagebrush
be
has extremely
but
Lakeview
in the
elsewhere
silver
is
of Columbia cress
population
sensitive
this vernal
The playa has had
out by August
Lake Basin
mountain
antelope
wet years
In
sizeable
past
BLM
cattle
south
community can
sagebrush
Foley
distribution
sheep
the
to
playa
extremely
in vei.y close
easy
to
access
complex
Summary
Black
sagebrush
have
the
significant
Foley
sediments
Warner
Lake
laid
seasonally
at
the terrain
evident
site
are
down
in
least part
soils
inundated
least part
is
in
during
at
sightly
derived
the
of
soils
from
when
of large
lakes
Lake
with saturated
At the
and
cultural
botanic/ecological
the
relevance
values combined
with
values meet the importance
criteria for
designation
as
an
and
ACEC/RNA
are typically
soils
occurring
Foley Lake site
sloped with overland
Desert pavement
Historical
at
lake
Pleistocene
series
Foley
soils that
The
content
likely
of the year
places
shallow stony
calcareous
Basin consisted
The calcareous
for
grows
Findings
occurs
flow
over
at
of the surface
Ill
3c
ACECNonination
Analysis
Evaluation
Ill
Report
of Relevance
ACEC
Table Rock
and importance
formed
by steam
explosions
from rising magma encountering
water
is
one
found
in
the
dominates
and
of several
the
Christmas
trees
tall
volcanic
is
feet
5139
approximately
formation
Valley
It
cyrnopterus
to
identified
identified
legal description
on
scatter
the
Lithic
ancient
known
Eriogonun
vmopt
All
formation has been
the
on
burial
Many
of
areas
scatters
lithic
are
formation
for the
The
sensitive
Rock
cusicki
recorded
Many
cairns
on
rock cairns
have
been
formation
the
eras nivalis
sites Several
have
been
17 18 19 20
sites Several
have
lived
felt
areas
to
be hunting
sites
identified
Occupation
Portions of Section
resources
cultural
--
Bureau
6E
T.28S
location
containing
as
Hunting
The
contain
that
formation have
the
on
locations
covers
as follows
is
cave
Burial sites One
an
of low sage
BLM
been
Lake
of Silver
rises
Two
Rock
area Table
including some
areas
support two
snow-line
to have
many
995 Paul-Mason
Types
Caves
or surface
The vegetation
acres
and
sagebrush
it
Map
plants Cusicks buckwheat
and
Rock
western juniper
soils
ground
area east of the town
of 5621
elevation
known
resulting
maar volcanoes
basaltic
Lake/Fort
Silver
southwest
is
Jenkins
of Area
Site
Rock
and
and Jenkins
Aikens
in
ProposeciAreas
fbr
foi-rnation
present Aikens
993
Table
The
year period
sites
Description
Criteria
identified
been
where people
locations
formation
the
on
of Section
Recoi4f
Occupation
T.27S R.15E
All
of Section
35 36
of Section
Portions
Cultural
25
on
and
visited
SE
T.28S
All
of Section
12
It
is
T.27S R.16E
Historical
been
formation over
32
of Section
the
and Cultural Analysis
rock
cairns
The
formation has been
inventoried for cultural
project
work power
archaeological
been
conducted
line
right-of-way
research projects
at
extensively
resources as part
several
site
of
BLM
for
over
where
sites
and
dated
the
materials
use of
fish
Religious use of the
of time
is
indicated
by
present
The
types such
as
area
cultural
has
high density
rock cairns caves
The
area meets
have
The
sites
50
the
the
criteria
values present
for
and
the
on
of unique
site
rock aignments
relevance
inventory and
Excavations
locations
Americans
long period
area has significant
formation
Rock
completed
area has been
Fiitdugs
Values
The Table
the
hearths with faunal
few
identified
has been
that
has stratified occupation
area
fire
of only
one
have
Portions
The
contain
that
sites
12
which
used by Native
10000 years
Portions of 11
work
resource
formation estimates
the
over
of the formation
prehistory
and
are
ethnography
important for the study of
of the region
The
lEl
area
-40
.4CEC
Nomination
nicets
the
criteria for
Evaluation
Reportill
Aialvsis
and importance
of Relevance
wildlife
importance
Scenic Analysis
habitat
does
maar
surrounding
the
dominant
County Road
to
back
is
and
from
III
31
which
is
national
Findings
Table
Rock
is
and
Basin
the
Table
Rocks
Back
State
Highway makes
it
Rock
value
it
and
National
more than
possesses
Therefore
Byway
Country
Oregon Outback
Table
are
fairly
low
adjacent to the Christmas
location
Valley National
classes
management
the
meets
characteristics
of both of these
and
Basin
level
4000
plateau
up by
High
relevance
Table
the
in
and
Rock
Fort
Fort
is
Rock
basalt There
and
Values
range
prairie
habitat
mule deer
three
falcon
red-tailed
the
for
hawk
and
great
are
also
two
horned
five
the
one
kestrel
and
Bald
winter months
threatened
of any
known
endangered
crucial
or sensitive
feet
this
area
by
above
sea
block
Holocene-age
to
Quaternary-age
characterize
of several
one
by tuffs
are
habitat
species
volcanic
Valley
Formation
of the
portions
no known
is
It
of
part
of Tertiary-
sedimentary
ashy
natural
centers
eruptive
area
sequence
and
breccias
to
materials
diatomite
hazards
and
MacLeod
1992
Findings
These
area
geologic
and
relevance
features
throughout
or
the
Province
importance
for
are
very
common
High Lava
Rock
Table
criteria
for
in the
local
Plains
does not meet the
geology
or natural
hazards
Botanic/Ecological
Findings
The absence
Sherrod
Physiographic
one
miles of the area
present during
In
known
owl nest within
prairie falcon
golden eagle nest within
winter
crucial
are
golden eagle
area as well as one
eagles
There
displays
to
Tertiary
domes
Rock/Christmas
characterized
area provides
5000
to
between
characterized
is
late Tertiaiy-
elevation
flows and
geology
provinces
Province
Range
broken
faulting
the
ACEC
The
zone
Plains
significant
important scenic
Analysis
The proposed
High Lava
Provinces
Quatemary-age volcanic
Wildlife
the transitional
in
and
province
criteria
importance
or
Hazards Evaluation
Physiographic
volcanic
the
Scenic
locally
regionally
and
located
Range
broad uneven
YRM
importance
relevance
Values
the
Although
for
for
and
IV
and
and Natural
Geology
area ras inventoried and
Classes
criteria
it
under
protection
criteria
nor has
fragile
is
of
part
significant
color
highway
scenic
is
and
warranting
does not satisfy
it
it
importance
westeni
It
Highway
5-14F which
VRM
as
contrast
national
byway The
country
managed
added
visible
State
grasses and
so
reevance
locally
make
that
species
for
its
on
feature
as
recognized
maintaining
more than
The area does not meet
with
form
relief in
between
provide
feature
designated
Visual
significant
changes
stands
juniper
is
Rock
of Table
with dramatic
landscape
Vegetation
column
not have
rIrras
the criterion
or circumstances
FLPMA
basalt
for
The
been
The towering
essential
does not satisfy
area
Proposed
for
diversity
qualities
Values
Criteria
Analysis
Values
oi
III
41
CEC Nomination
Anal sis
The general vegetation
and
soils
mosaic
formation
the
western
is
on
those extreme
and Importance
of Relevance
Criteria
Fiaruliugs
The
dry harsh
Rock
Table
habitat
conditions
area meets
for
essential
and
diversity
the
ONHP
plant
variety
of specialized
dry rocky
Bureau
community
volcanic
sensitive
ONHP
Range
Throughout
soils
on
buckwheat
under
out
in the
plants
located
of the formation
ONHP
Threatened
and
of plant
tolerate
where
these
State
with the forb
to
western juniper
The
conirnunites
including
RNA
on
and
scenic
Findiigs
and
Historical
cultural botanic/ecological
the
as
designation
and
importance
ACEC.The
an
relevance
mets
area
criteria
for
the criteria
for
RNA
off
add
can
and
State
have
are the
been
cored
oldest
to
demonstrate
old Miller
found
on
and
the
species
in
is
other
an
age
Eddleman
and
of over
2000
if
sego
lily
and
and
classes
of
of
Area
The Black
are
group
average
soils
Hills
of low-lying
miles south of the town
of
elevation
of the
sensitive
Black
plants
4800
Hills
feet
support
species
At an
Valley
Map
two BLM
snowline
located
hills
of Christmas
The unique
Bureau
and
cymopterus
Cusicks buckwheat
have
000
Cultural
the
ACEC/RNA
Description
four
In
1980
the
snowline
species
RNA
In
and
hills
were
plan was
1982
the
included
closed permanently
OHV
vehicle
off-highway
management
formation are bitterroot
onion
TCP
for
threats
University
West
criteria
which
one
value of the
the
the
Black Hills
of the western juniper
junipers
Traditional Cultural Property
The area meets
grow
studied age
to the
Some
diversity
trees
Lornatium
Rock
Table
road vehicles
determinations
ecological
USFWS
for the
communities
University
process of
juniper forest on the formation and
ancient
plants
plant
the
of unique plants
suites
from the Oregon
Researchers
years
an important factor
is
Tht
Sry
in
of ash soils were
ash soils
these
from
protected
these
is
species
communities
described as containing
the
site
plants meet the criteria for
values meet
cymopteris
with the
agreement
series
process
in
are
of both plant
the future
analysis
ICBEMP
Arizona
rocks
places
with Extirpation
Districts
Burns
conservation
conserve
area
snowlirie
along the
some
and
ash
the protective
in
cyrnopterus
on the genetics
May Be More Common Elsewhere The
finalizing
could
into
snowline
Rock
Table
the
found
is
The snowline
ash soils
List
Lakeview
In the
and
this
especially
plants
flow plant communities
cash
research
combined
forests
the sensitive
The
to
future
encourage
on
is
isolated
within
western junipers and
open
ease of getting
ecological
few
of these
Sensitive
and
needed
species
criteria
importance
is
criteria as
of plant
of the Bureau
research
physiology
BLM
of two
Endangered
are
more prevalent
is
the the
Oregon
to
and
on
the
Cusicks buckwheat
species
Much more
found
buckwheat
Cusicks
of the formation tucked
top
to the
There
north part
the
cyrnopteris
on
adds
any
does represent
it
The presence
soils
plants
not contain
communities
plants
Threatened
List
Cusicks
cells
of the area
biodiversity
does
area
proposed
relevance
the
maintenance
meets
with the presence
Although
Proposed Areas
for
deeper
bare ash soils with
of relatively
to
adapted
plants
of
Evaluation
III
mixed with sagebrush
woodland
juniper
.-
Repoi-t
created
Black
were
that
represented
to
Hills
At
that
were
1920 acres
the plant
communities
better
in
to
time
the
protect
about
cyrnopterus
determined
use
habitat
two
It
was
found
other locations
an
as
proposed
and
at
this
that
site
the
III
42
CEC Nomination
OHV
closure
Analysis
preserve the sensitive
ACEC/RNA
Currently
has
does
it
This document
not appear
successful
in protecting
3040
about
evaluates
formation
time
that
is
for
known
is
at
Proposed .4rea
time
this
Fiiidings
closure
the
plants
for
acres
The
not meet the criteria for relevance or
does
area
with respect
importance
to
values
cultural/historic
at
time
this
legal description
Criteria
an
at
OHV
the
that
and importance
to
way
Therefore
was not made
of Relevance
designation
potential
The
an effective
plants
designation
fact been
in
be
to
appeared
Evaluation
III
Report
follows
as
Scenic
Analysis
T.27S R.16E
Values
34
Portion of Section
The Black
T.25S R.16E
23
11
Portions of Section
10
All
of Section
the
trees
13 14
the
Criteria
Class
and Cultural Analysis
Historical
The
area
cultural
resources present
produced
only
scattered
appears
in the
Surveys
and
flakes
few
area
and
to that
color
of
inventoried
They were
for
VRM
as
managed
currently
points
projectile
cto
change
provine
they are not unusual
not possess
Black
the
Therefore
Hills
color
They do
region
have
Black
the
topography
have
to
and
IV
Although
Hills
are
of
rise out
Findings
Values
of the Black
and
quality
floor
desert
surrounding
scenic
Relevance and Importance
of texture
change
that
hills
The dark western juniper
Valley basin
provide
of
small range
Hills.are
Christmas
not meet
in
the
value
scenic
significant
Hills do
in
the
relevance or
criteria
importance
Analysis
Wildlife
Types
Site
Values
At this time there
Black
Hills
are
ACEC
known
rio
within
sites
the
area
proposal
ACEC
The proposed
mule deer and
Record
No
of Occupation
evidence
direct
scattered
and
flakes
region has
many
which goes back
not
known
lacking
many
why
in sites
It
may
not located
in
projectile
sites
Black
Hills
has been
this
during
No
10000 years
seems
secular
the
golden
leks
within
raptors
are
are
for
also
four
miles of the area
nests
raptor
present
There
within the proposed
eagle nest
no other known
and
however
to
It
within
10
miles
including bald eagles
winter months
is
Findings
be
areas
have
resources of interest were
area
one
is
antelope
of occupation
while the surrounding
be that
sage grouse
There
ACEC
than
surrounding
record
and
an estimated
the
other
points
Hills The
Black
in the
identified
of occupation
Western
year-long habitat
provides
pronghorn
use of the
The absence
threatened
habitat
of any
known
endangered
essential
for
crucial
or sensitive
maintaining
habitat
species
for
or wildlife
species diversity
does
III
43
ACEC Noiia1ion
not satisfy
Aw1ysis
the
does not have
criterion
as
i-ecognized
so
does
it
locally
make
that
warranting
it
The
fragile
qualities
nor has
FLPMA
under
protection
been
it
aid JmpoiIunce
importance
and
sagebrush
perennial
plant
exposed
ash soils
The two
buckwheat
and Natural Hazards Analysis
Geology
the
Pin us ponderosa
PRNA/ACEC
Values
finalized
the
The Black
between
Hills
are
located
Basin and
the
in the
The geology
Physiographic
characteristics
of both of these
area the Basin and
is
to
In
this
characterized
broken
level
by
up
5000
feet
above
Tertiary-
domes
volcanic
characterize
br
pine
the
agreement
and
being
is
Lakeview
of these
species have
and
Districts
two
been
plant
carrid
management
of the threats
and
to
to
need
the
and
protection
The research
out gives evidence
of the two species
flows and
monitored
survival
for their
to
Higher-elevation
faulting
Quaternary-age
Cusicks
habitats
attempted
evaluation
to
Tertiaiy-
grow
Burns
the
plant
has been
resilience
block
1-lolocene-age
late
within
studied for over ten years and
h2is1Jee1
that
sea
sensitive
and
ponderosa
disjunct
conservation
their
two
These
4000
plateau
Plains
Two
for the protection
and
species
Bureau
in the
displays
provinces
Province
Range
broad uneven
by
High Lava
and
Range
Provinces
zone
transitional
low
which grows
cynlopterus
also
between
USFWS
BLM
including
and
primary reason for the concerns
are the
of the area
plants
shrubs
communty
snowline
species
isolated
Ribes ceretun
gooseberry
growing
plants
.Jrees
Proposed
Critericijbr
1000 years old some
over
area
significant
criteria for
not satisfy
of ReJerwce
Eialuatioa
relevance
for
more than
or circumstances
111
RporS
the plants
the
for
species
of the province
portions
Findings
The Black
centers
are part
They
are
Fort
ashy
natural
of several
Rock
of the Fort
to
volcanic
hazards
Formation
volcanic
characterized
and
diatornite
eruptive
Valley area
Quaten-iary-age
materials
sedimentary
breccias
known
one
Rock/Christmas
of Tertiary-
sequence
and
Hills
in the
basalt
and
McFarland
by
There
tuffs
are
no
Ryals
The
Black
meets
area
suite
of unusual
one
in
southeastern
the
of
Hills
is
ICBEMP
Oregon
and
due
to
ash plant
be
to
relevance
the
the
important
presence
diversity
of western junipers
presence
of disjunct
many
criteria as
communities
it
found
recognized
by
of ecological
and
classes
age
pines
1991
The
site
location
meets
the
of two
Findings
area
proposed
These
local
geologic
area and
Physiographic
meet
the
features
are
the
throughout
The
Province
relevance
or
very
common
Lava
High
Black
importance
Hills
in
the
or natural
The
Black
Hills
RNA
but also
Analysis
species
over
Values
The
it
of the Black
including
some
Hills
ancient
is
in
is
within
plants
limited
Lakeview
the
would make
in
Oregon
community
contains
Research
10 years
desiiiation as
vegetation
site
system
unique plant
woodland
areas
sensitive
buckwheat
to the
and
the
two
to
Burns
not
criteria for
hazards
Botanic/Ecological
Bureau
Cusicks
due
of Oregon
Plains
to the
geology
BLM
small geographical
Districts
do
criteria
importance
The
and
Black
it
contains
old growth
populations
has been
an important addition
as
only
of two rare plant
conducted
Hills
not
western juniper
meet
in
the
the area
criteria
for
for the
RNA
western juniper
western junipers
III
-44
CEC
Nomination
Summary
Analysis
meet
Evaluation
of Relevance
and
the criteria
for
for
an
as
designation
Relevance
and Importance
and
Red Knoll Tucker Hill
The Tucker
and Cultural Analysis
known
comprising
about
larger Lake
Abert/Chewaucan
11588
the
from
lower
rocky
Marsh
area bordering
to
the
western juniper and
rocky
top
on
be
seen for
sandy
on
soil
Site
Stone
on
Hill
The
rings
and
variety
house
from
Hill to
Tucker
confusion
proposed
4700
to
5000
ACEC
Red Knoll
in
was changed
legal
Hill perlite
ACEC
the
description
excludes
Portions
of Section
mining
area
mining
area
and
follows
The Tucker
contains
and
Lithic
scatters
found
throughout
in
11
24 25
12
the
turned
15 16 17 18 20 21 27
Large
the
Hill
stone tools
into
art
and
plant
Rock
sites
formation
in the
cairns
Both
at
which
the
debris
are
both in the formation and
area
This
tool
material
retouch
is
from
stone
tool
stone
use
collecting
art
is
pictograhs
Numerous
on
Talus slope pits
The
are
lithic
known
arid
to
occur
at
petroglyphs
the
are
sites
found
activity
of
areas
area
surrounding
hunting
Rock
of Section
large
manufacture stone
found
T35S R2OE
Portions
blinds
hunting
amounts of obsidian
Rock
of Section
be
to
thought
location
9E
T.35S
All
as
are
one
Quariy and workshops
on
is
be
which
sites
formation
tool
The
Some
use
may
others
several
of more than
are
order to avoid
associated claims
all
USDI-BLM
shrubs crown the
with the Tucker
The proposed
These
probably
rings
contains
area
stone rings
was procured
the
area
cultural
types
contain
feet
The name of
site
an
also
is
the
Lower
vary from
elevations
TCP
potential
it
It
traditional
is
of the area
top of Tucker
Scattered
hill
can
big sagebrushlsquirreltail
at
values making
region
have
to
is
which
site
Marsh The
south and
The vegetation
loam
sandy
drainage on
nearly every type of
shown
dense
complex which
site
Great Basin
for the
which has been
within the
located
greasewoodlcheatgrass
elevation
Chewaucan
the
north and
Map
distance
varies
is
River
of the Chewaucan
southern edge
formation trends
long
acres
fonnation
The
of sites
here contains
located
Hill
formation has an extremely
Hill
concentration
Area Description
of the Tucker
Criteria
Values
ACEC
part
Proposed Areas
RNA
as
designation
and
ACEC
Historical
Red Knoll
for
Portions of Section
values mcet the importance
criteria
Criteria
Importance
Findings
Botanic/ecological
relevance
111
Report
the
rock cairns
from
cullural
formation
31 33
All
of Section
19 22 28 29 30 32
contain
pits
talus
which probably
slopes
are
of the formation
hunting
blinds
T36S R2OE
III
45
.4CEC
Nomination
Analysis
Rock walls
ocations
nd
Rock
These
walls are found
are
in
prehistoric
Evaluation
ill
Report
thought
on
and importance
of Relevance
several
Burials
Findings
While
origin
known
arc
occur
to
Proposed .1ca
be both historic
to
in this
Knoll does
Therefore
value
scenic
relevance
Red
interesting
visually
significant
Burials
Criteria for
not possess
does not meet
it
the
critei-ia
or importance
location
Wildlife
Analysis
Record of ocdupatiofi
Values
The record of occupation
formation
indicates
time period
early
archaic
and
are
The
for
here
are
information
have
individuals
family
indicates
ties
to
that
living
this location
even
The formation appears
focal
for religious
point
stone tool
and
activity
have been
to
manufacture
four
The Tucker
wide
Hill
fonnation
has
It
has significant
an extremely
cultural
traditional
values
cultural
The absence
the
criteria
for
Hill
Formation
sites
are
of more than just
They can provide
importance
settlement
pattern
religious
information
essential
area
golden
also
is
on
the
hill
and
owl
miles
colony
not satisfy
and
not have
The
prehistory
area meets
the
criteria
maintaining
the criterion
more than
stone tool
activity
and other questions important
trade
for
crucial
habitat
for
for
or wildlife
species
species
does
diversity
re1evanc
The
significant
qualities
does
area
of
circunistances
manufacture
in
nests
or sensitive
endangered
The
relevance
known
of any
The
habitat
local
There
Fin dings
threatened
formation meets
Tucker
and
within the proposed
leks
burrowing
is
raven
to the
within
nest
eagle
falcon
prairie
just
seven
are
miles of the area
sage grouse
There
marsh
the
one golden
roost and numerous
Western
in
There
high density
of sites which are important for
variety
and
research
seen
and
antelope
southeast of the area
resource values
and
nd
falcon
winter
crucial
prooghorn
of the winter
within
nests
ACEC
Findings
much
prairie
ow
barn
activity
be
area as well as numerous
eagle
occupation
activity
area provides
mule deer and
for
bald eagles can
during
known
the
today
20
to
present
east
Ethnographic
habitat
range
Middle
10
late archaic
ACEC
proposed
Materials from an
years
known
Hill
has been
this area
S000
over
for
occupied
that
Tucker
for the
make
that
as
recognized
locally
it
nor has
fragile
protection under
warranting
it
or
been
FLPMA
so
for
it
does
not satisfy
criteria
for
importance
importance
Geology
Scenic Analysis
and Natural
Hazards Analysis
Values
Values
The Tucker
This formation
and
the
contrasts
from
its
managed
is
readily
surrounding
are
flatter
minimal and
naturalness
as
visible
VRM
It
from Highway
area
mining
Vegetation
activity
III
and
IV
corner
Hill
II
area
of the Basin
just south of the
and
displays
is
this
area
characteristics
the
characterized
feet
above
is
located
Range
Physiographic
broken
up by
Province
The geology
is
plateau
late
In
provinces
Province
broad uneven
sea level
northwestern
the
of both of these
Basin and Range
by
in
High Lava Plains
detracts
was inventoried and
Classes
31
4000
Tertiary-
5000
to
to
Ill
46
fCEC
Nomination
Analysis
block
Holocene-age
to
Tertiary-
domes
Evaluation
IlL
Report
volcanic
flows and
formation
portions of the province
Hill
area
II
vocanic
Quaternary-age
is
basically
of northwest-trending
series
The rocks
are
dense
to
Tertiary-
flows and
and
While
area
II
are
Basin and
common
very
Range
area The
Tucker
or
or natural
hazards
II
ACEC
importance
Plains
does
area
Tuckei
the
in
on
northwestern
in the
High Lava
and
Hill
relevance
does
repreent
extremely
shallow
for
it
sensitive
the
cactus
geology
relevance
located
is
in
and
support sagebrush
rocky
areas
and
prickly
requires
pear
slopes
its
warrants
cactus
study
BLM
Bureau
and
snowberry
the criteria
the
brittle
for
importance
Findings
historical
thin
bul
snowbeny
Opuntiafragilis
Native
grass
low
This cactus
and
the
bunchgrasses
is
plant
on
coinata
importance
Hills
botanical/ecologic
relevance
for
ACEC
an
as
criteria
National
may
TCP
of
designation
be
possible to include
Register
of Historic
district
and
are
the
met
area
for
on
Red
the
Places as both an
as
TCP
ACEC/RNA
Juniper Mountain
on
disjunct
and
habitat
Description
of Area
the
Juniper
wheatgrass
Stipa
lying
was found
It
archaeological
sensitive
Recently
and
Cultural Property
Criteria for the
Knoll
tops where western
Bureau
cultural and
be
in the
increases
and
of the Black
Traditional
to
BLM
is
protection
neederass
larger
soils are
long-flowered
distribution
needle-and-thread
the
considered
The
formation are bluebunch
Thurbers
hill
of the formation
normal
of the
composition
of the
presence
community found
is
gflorus can be found
snowberry
long-flowered
and
and
Ion
Syinplxorocarpos
diversity
near the
gooseberry
juniper
The
condition
vegetative
is
mine
the
condition
poor vegetative
area to the south of the formation
good
The
soils
community
plant
plant
unique
Opuntiafragilis meet
designation
where
majority of the area
the
ONHP
longflowered
values meet the
Values
While
the
plant
Geologic
from
USDI-BLM
structure
nb
area contains
community and
transitional
not meet
criteria
this
Summary
the
of the plant
biodiversity
Analysis
Botanic/Ecological
plant
above mentioned
the
to the
Findiizgs
of the geological values exhibited
steep
and
contributing
ca.nbyii
blazingstar
1996
cells
in
parvwn
broomrape Orobanclie
clustered
gooseberry
all
Loinailuin
Lomatium
lornatium Loin atiuin
corrmiunity and ecosystem
rhyo-dacitic
Findig
Hill
spp
fasciculata
1963
All
Lomatiimi
scuitroot
biscuitroot
Canbys
and
grasses
bi
the
on
present Walker
also
are
Nevada
found
are also
plants
dwarf onion Allianz
Mentzelia
siltstones
and
basaltic
Quaternary-age
pyroclastics
and
sego
lily
faults
tuffaceous
sandstones
sedimentary
rhyo-dacitic
en echelon
pyroclastics
by
Proposed Arens
foi-
biscuitroot
barestem
nudicaule
dissected
primarily Tertiary-age basalt
flows and
andesite
to
Tertiaiy-
center
eruptive
bigseed
inacroca.rpwn
neva
The Tucker
Criteria
of cultural
series
Higher-elevation
faulting
Quaternary-age
characterize
and Importance
of Relevance
and
Dr
Rick
Mountain has been
Miller Eastern
Center 1999
central
Juniper
as
proposed
Oregon
ACEC
four
is
located
by
Reserch
Agricultural
Mountain
Oregon approximately
an
in
south
miles east of the
III
47
ACEC Nomination
town of
Analysis
Lake
Alkali
mountain
rising
border of Lake
about
6335
and
of the mountain
dense
few
trees
tree
obsidian
along
comprises
of
the
High
have
Most
sulToundrng
1999 ONHP
for
Basin
eastern
Mountain
are
and
southern
the
is
400
to
600
years
stand are estimated
has nominated
Range
is
legal description
the
can
to
conducted
no
so
Values
Mountainrises
Juniper
ONHP
follows
the
surrounding
are
visible
for
area
mountain
Although
the
Highway
395
is
it
in
1970s
the
its
with few
T.30S R.23E
Portions of Section
23 24 26
36
25
35
quality
background
existing
still
18 19 20 29 32
30 31
is
It
west
more barren
side
is
The
area
was
Class IV due
zone
allows
from the
detract
VRJVI
as
of the
slope was clearcut
east
lines
distance
objective
character
the
VRM
managed
surrounding
slopes
open
except
are heavily
slopes
large
The
inventoried as
management
Portions of Section
its
originally
sensitivity
R.24E
on
trees
the
straight
mountains naturalness
Portion of Section
miles of State
east
terrain
area on
and
slopes
from the highway
to
contrast
above
from the southeast
visible
not
feet
dark tree-covered
within
is
desert
lighter-colored
its
The south and
distance
1400
approximately
and
long distances
treed providing
of Section
of Section
been
drawn
be near
T.31S R.23E
All
by Indian
Scenic Analysis
from
of Section
has
woric
be
rectangular-shaped
l.30S
formation would
the
practices
and
old
Portions of Section
All
areas
area to represent
Ecosystems
as
formal survey
conclusions
The
T.31S R.24E
All
that
likely
Springs
would be
by
occupied
1998
The
is
It
used for traditional
resources
buttes
of the area
Peoples
No
perennial
western juniper woodland
and
been
and
drainages
locations
site
for cultural
Findings
1000 years old Miller personal communication
cell
sources
Proposed Areas
Jor
of high probability
area
and
1996
mixed
and
northern
canopy
within
the
Criteria
importance
steppe
The
old growth
over-story
into
expanding
of Juniper
aspects
within
am
with western juniper
big sagebrush
bunchgrasses
elevation
Anderson
covered
sagebrush/grassland
of mountain
feet
of Relerance
isolated
relatively
is
area
Province
is
Evaluation
Harney Counties
is
that
is
6000
acres The
Desert Ecological
woodland
This
over
to
JH
Report
and
Class
major
low
scenic
visual
IV where
modification
but
landscape
its
impacts
the
of the
should
be minimized
Findings
Relevance and importance
Criteria
its
Historical
the
Although
and Cultural Analysis
and
shape
area
mountain
that
While no formal
been
completed
cultural
in
this
resource
area
it
is
survey work
considered
to
has
size
Juniper
and
relevance
Values
mountain
prevent
benefit
the
be seen from
scenic
or
from
unique for the
not meet the
However
management
naturalness
reductions
long distances
values do
criteria
importance
protect
further
can
not unusual
Mountains
would
would
are
in scenic
the
prescriptions
of the area and
quality
be an
Ill
48
ACEC Nomination
Wildlife
Analysis
Evaluation
Ill
Report
of
Rekvance
and Imponance
Criteria
Higher-elevation
Analysis
to
Tertiary-
domes
flows and
Proposed Areas
for
volcanic
Quateniary-age
chai-acterize
of the province
portions
Values
Mountain
Juniper
The
fair
condition of the western juniper/bunchgrass
community and
semiremoteness
expanding
some forage
as
season
when
forest
The area
mammals
elk
for
deer are pressured
provides
and nongame
sensitive
there
10
are
south
to the
threatened
within
within
leks
There
habitat
species
exists that
potential
species
and
criterion
The
absence
threatened
wildlife
essential
and not having
qualities
or
under
circumstances
recognized
northwestern
FLPMA
does
it
warranting
not satisfy
or natural
species
fragile or
would be
are
ONHP
protection
for the
Old growth
Plains
of these
Range
plateau
by
late
Province
The geology
provinces
Province
4000
located
corner of the Basin and
Physiographic
to
Tertiary-
is
In this
feet
Range
area the Basin
above
Holocene-age
systems which
meets
the
Basin and Range
in the
following
Ecosystems
of both
by
and
broad uneven
sea level
block
broken
old
growth
In
the
Ecological
are
found
growing
rocky
soils
as
Young
trees
Idaho
in
the
The
trees
since
Mazama
by sandy
Klamath
scattered
growing
The most extensive
located
old growth
to
California
communities
plant
characterized
widely
only
of young
composed
High Desert
Provinces
up
faulting
southwestern
settlement
woodlands
Province
for
of this species
northeastern
high desert
time of European
soils
and
is
percent
into
the
Ecological
accounts
Oregon
Nevada
fescue
sagebrush/Idaho
million acres
eastern
encroaching
south of the High Lava
characterized
area also
western juniper
95
remaining
in the
displays characteristics
5000
to
just
This
RNA/ACEC
as
processes and
juniper/big
of the
northwestern
northwestern
for
criteria
criteria for
Hazards Analysis
is
not
Analysis
natural
need
cell
throughout
area
ACEC
Plains
does
area
hazards
exhibited there
percent
Mountain
Mountaiii
or importance
the
in
High Lava
Mountains primary relevance
Juniper
significant
Values
The Juniper
and
Values
Western
and Natural
common
very
or
importance
Geology
geological hazards
Range
The Juniper
area
relevance
the
are
Basin and
Botanic/Ecological
for
habitat
species
locally
make
that
as
crucial
maintaining
more than
to
relevance
or sensitive
for
habitat
provides
the
known
of any
diversity
been
area
meets
endangered
habitat
having
the
thus
values
geologic
geology
sensitive
of older Miocene-
Walker and Repenning
natural
apparent
rio
transitional
Findings
for
are
These
meet
The
central
area
crucial
or sensitive
endangered
and liows
The
Fin ding
no
are
miles of the
no known
is
of
1965
There
small
proposal
10
eruptive
consists
pyroclastics
composition
rocks
silicic
It
some of
There
the
as
in
portion of the summit consists
Pliocene-age
hunting
Harney
basaltic
volcanic
Counties
off the
for
birds
species
lek.s
sage grouse
however
area
and
also
raptors
which may be
known
cover
deer during
habitat
Lake
of several
Pleistocene-age
predominantly
of North
security
and
for elk
to
one
is
Lake and
in
Pliocene-
and
of
an area
population
The area provides
County elk
well
of the area create
for the
refugia
steepness of the terrain
the
centers
and
Snake
juniper
trees
are typically
acolian
is
on
found
River
typically
shallow
growing
on
49
ACEC
Nomination
deeper
solids
Analysis
characterized
tussock
and
sagebrush
bluebunch
fescue
woodland
within
by mountain
and
these
woodlands
big
Idaho
Thurbei
dense
the
on Juniper Mountain
and Importance
of Relevance
including
species
grass
wheatgrass
However
needlegrass
Evaluation
Ill
Report
Criteria
have
that
Anthropogenic
minimal
the
juniper woodlands
Plant
past disturbance
The northern
and
eastern
southern aspects
of
dense
old
Juniper
Mountain
growth
western juniper woodland
tree
is
canopy
are
400
by
occupied
The
woodland
few
trees
within the stand are estimated to be near 1000
old
on
Tree
south aspect to 50 percent
the
This
aspect
stand
density
are
juniper
woodlands
and
the
considerably
Mountain
mountain
is
an
greater
is
fires
of
sands
that
Mazama
alliance
Province
the
the
typify
like
in
of
stand
for
relevance
for
woodland
It
successional
endpoint
disturbance
for several
Shrub
is
in
an
600
least
Range
excellent
mountain
big
to
However
these
woodland
succession
In
stands
are
and
in
researchers
processes
various
less
on
to
which occur
than
an
of these
in
by
provinces
stages
Basin
for
and
the
importance
coniniunities
plant
worth
and
more
are
important
as
it
of
RNA
an
addition
contains
Oregon
State
preliminary
are
University
and
of plant
collected
reconstruction
on
Juniper
of an
ring
Laboratory
Mountain meets
have
community
Juniper
on
both the old
thee
past
and
the
growth
also
State
have
also
addition
University
being conducted
Intermountain
Reno
criteria
In
climate
for
is
Tausch
the
years
Oregon
samples
Genetic work
Mountain by
Juniper
Research
the
of Arizona
tree
good
steppe communities
sagebrush
measured during
in
plant
in
researchers
stand age
and
University
unique and
wou
in
system
and
system
description
structure
RNA
the
natural
that
Mountain
Juniper
to
USFS
Nevada
for the
designation
RNA
years old
structure
climax
for
woodlands
have
Intermountain
Juniper Mountain
study
the
the
meets
need
meets
special
Avian populations
sagebrush
120
in
juniper/big
site
Mountain
the
the
processes
significant
consideration
make
been
being encroached
are
growth woodland
would allow
and
Mountain have
Juniper
also
It
cell
processes and
biological
than locally
of major
of acres
millions
Currently
outdoor
of the
western juniper within these ecological
old
The
criteria
on
ONHP
fescue.The
sagebrush/Idaho
composition
shrub
adjacent
absence
the
shrub steppe communities
The
by providing
community processes
old growth
the
example
common
communities
Region
an
provides
laboratory
grassland
RNA
an
Jumper Mountain and
on
steppe communities
research
for
Province
the
and
system and
juniper woodland
old growth
fits
strongly
unique
providing
Ecosystems Western
done
criteria
the
Miller personal
ACEC/RNA
natural
High Desert Ecological
condition
regarding
crfteria in
mature
fully
Oregon
years
In
to
the
evidence
woodland
burn has not occurred
old
Juniper
would look
is
greatest
threat
greatest
Rick
cutting
The
area
1999
important example of
criteria
growth
Province
there
Although
throughout
replacement
Mazama
example of what much of
big sagebrush
absence
canopy and
than the old
the
tree
Snake
and
growing on igneous derived
of the
fire
the
Mountain proposed
Juniper
the
the
is
and
size
its
tree
than the aeolian
woodlands
growth
the
excellent
in
Fizdiizgs
percent
it
High Desert
occupying
woodland
soils rather
most of
is
years
north
the
in that
of both
Provinces
Ecological
on
unique
truly
within the Klamath
River
small
is
woodland
only old growth
density
the
ranges between 30
canopy cover
steppe
and possibly
wood
is
communication
shrub
over-story
600 years old
to
and
condition throughout
provinces
has been
within the western
composition
species
of years
both the woodland
within
adjacent shrub steppe communities
and
exception
hundreds
for
persisted
disturbance
western juniper
is
Pioposed Areas
ftr
Summary
of Findings
function
juniper
Botanic/ecological
values nieet
the
importance
and
111
50
.4CEC
A.raJ
Nomthution
relevance
criteria
Mountain
for
and
ofRelevaacr
of Juniper
meets
the
jr Proposed
of Section
Aim
Relevance
Abert Rim Addition
and Importance
Criteria
Lake
to
and Cultural Analysis
Historical
ACEC
Abert
17 19 20 30
of Section
portions
criteria for
4iea
Criteria
anc/Jmpoi-lance
RNA
an
for
Eva/action
IIJ
Repori
designation
ACEC
an
as
designation
s/s
Values
Area Description
The
new
This
18028
area
The
acres
to
boundary
south boundaries
Rim
to
be
national
the
that
top
The
are
is
legal
T.33S
an
the
about
ACEC
as
and
located
description
for the
at
395 The
28
2931
Fin dings
in the
RA
addition
the
base of
and
the
rim
plants
is
as
The
area
and
criteria
follows
10 11 14 15 16 2021
by local
for
various
significant
cultural
plants
as
significant
is
it
of the view
part
Abert
Watershed
of the escarpment
the
criteria
for
This
relevance
and
importance
Analysis
Values
Visual
Resources
slopes
away
678
pockets
low
12 14 22 23 25 26
the
13 24
the
T.36S R.21E
of Section
123
10 12 14 15
area
by grass and
of westemjuniper
was
originally
Scenic
it5
The
visual
Abert
sensitivity
Rim
where
existing
WSA
the
is
and
aspen
quaking
VRM
as
background
However
the
east and
with small
area
is
management
character
the
shrub lands
inventoried
Quality
which
open bench
an
is
from the rim towards
18 19 28 29 30
Class
Class IV due
distance
since
the
managed
objective
The
and
zone
is
al-ca
as
is
within
VRM
to
preserve
of the landscape
Fi
11
The
T.35S R.22E
used
contains
area
several
rim area meets
Scenic
area
of Section
of Section
site
of the Cheuwacan/Lake
for
27 28 34 35
All
locally
characterized
T.35S R.21E
portions
areas
considered
32
of SectionS
of Section
the
and
sites
adds to the total picture
additional
to
All
is
landscape
plants
31 32 33
portions
addition
is
aTCP
be
to
is
to the
of significant
th
in
T.34S R.22E
portions
In
archaeoTogical
R22E
of Section
The area
Americans
and
areas
some
of cultural
abundance
resources
added
has been
order to include
in
those for the
being proposed
contains
elsewhere
cultural
purposes
but not included
is
existing
ACEC
Native
area
The east north
area
ACEC
interesting
portions
22
same
the
area which
not found
contains
Rim
along Highway
escarpment
to
comprises
includes the
The new
in the
registry
vegetation
are
WSA
included
and
of Abert
east
and
area abuts the original
west
the
immediately
Abert
ACEC
add
to
being proposed
is
Lake Abert
existing
Rim
portion of Abert
top
scenic
itself
do
and
recreational
values of this area by
not meet the relevance
and
importance
111-51
CEC Nrnniatjoi
Anal
sis
However when viewed
criteria
ACEC
the existing
areas recreational
along with
scenic
and
of
an extension
as
WSA
its
of Relevance
to
of ponderosa
the
relevance
Analysis
criteria
for
ACEC meet
the original
as
the
and Natural
same
as the
for
criteria
an
ACEC
original
ACEC
and
no
do
not
natural
flash
the
Plan
BLM
Values
adding the rim of Lake
another
as
lea
several
Prunus
with
spp
and
is
and
and
area
fragile
it
is
it
is
other wetland
trees
sepcies
in areas
mint
The
and
for
potential
present were found
criteria
to
meet
in
the
Framework
Record of Division
Environmental
resources
natural
for the
Concern
in
Lake
Lake
Date
Florence
Lakeview
Resource
Lakeview
District
Steven
Ellis
Area
bluegrass
in the
i/I
wild onion
District
Lakeview
the
This plant
Manager
District
condition
wet
marshy
of Carex
are also
soil
V/o
te
Lakeview
good
are also
of deeper
cliffs
High Desert Management
and
habitat
ecology
scenic
values
1i1d Manager
Brodieae wild cherry
There
and
but not the importance
of Critical
relevance and
__________
cottR
mahagony
species
are
the
cultural
high amount of
unusually
There
with several
spp
accumulation
throughout
disturbance
rockslides
three
Phoenicaulis
serviceberry
in
Meet
shallow
mans
old
Sandbergs
mountain
CEC
prehistoric
Signatures
in
Phlox
Trfoliuin
contains
common
however
shrubs and
and
of Lonatiuin
species
communities
found
species
of high snow
yampa
plants
little
is
This
plants
daggerpod
Steilaria
because
community
District
spp
Agoseris
of the rim the
cultural
the usual
triflorum
spp
Probably
area
established
sagebrush
Colloinia Nanarettia
cheiranthoides
Mentha
to the
community
important plant
Eriogonurn
Gewn
beard
Abert
ACEC low
the
community contains
such
though
Oregon
County
buckwheat
not meet the
the
both populations
Amendment
Area
of
which
flooding
Abert
soils
does
processes aquatic
relevance
1996
Analysis
Botanic/Ecological
in
The
condition
significant
for
criteria
hazards landslides
natural
hazards found
included
an
of Findings
wildlife
values
and
By
however
Hazards Analysis
Values and Findings
the
ACEC meets the
ACEC because the
the existing
excellent
in
not more than locally
importance
meet
to
values even
Originalfindins
are the
is
addition
Summary
Both
western juniper
ACEC
an
Geology
aspen and
for creating
ecosystem
importance
same
addition
criteria
proposed
Values and Findings
are the
Proposed Areas
Findings
natural
Both
for
pine quaking
The proposed
Wildlife
Criteria
this
status
add
qualities
and Importance
ACEC
of the original
diversity
Evaluation
Ill
Report
and
grasses
clumps
of
stringers
III
52
ACEC Nomination
IV
Analysis
individuals
Resource
Area
evaluated
these
areas
and
of
Prepwers
Cultural/Historic
Wi1dlfe
Florence
Document
Housley
Lakeview
Team which
prepared this document
Forbes
Lucile
the
comprised
Inter-Disciplinary
William Cannon
Scott
List
List of Preparers
The following
Todd
JV
Report
Resources
Resources
Review
Process
Botany/Evaluation
Team Lead
Lindaman
Trish
Dennis
Scenic
Simontacchi
Resources
Geolog/Hazards
Leah
Stewart
GJS Analysis
Vern
Slofleth
Wildlife
Resources
Dwayne Sykes
Document
Maple
Writer/Editor
Taylor
Jim Thompson
GJS Analysis
Troutman
Doug
Whitman
Paul
Review
Scenic
Resources
Document
Quality
Control/GIS
Analysis
In
addition
Field
the
proposed
Rali
Roger
Farschon
Susan
following
Office evaluated the
Stokke
lly-Gravelly
from the
individuals
California
ACEC
Surprise
portion of the
area
Document
Quality
Document
Review
Control
IV
53
CEC Nominwion
4nalvsis
Referec
Report
References
Aikens
C.M
Researches
Since
50
1994
Cressrnan
Building
OR
Eugene
989
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Lake County
Anderson
1998
Borman
The
M.M
Experiment
W.C
Krueger
of Oregon
Provinces
Ecological
Agricultural
S.F
1973
Environment
Fort Rock
Oregon
and
Prehistory
OR
OR
Eugene
Reconnaissance
the
1974
Pagan
Sites
the
Papers
Altithermal
of Spring
Occupation
Great Basin Anthropological
Northern
of Oregon
University
Fipps
High
Zone
Resource
Oregon
Middle
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Low An
30
January
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Warner Valley
of
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and
Geologic
1993
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in
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An
1989-1992
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Interim
Technical
GN
1991
Typical
1999
Miller
R.F
History
Water-Resources
USGS
89-4057
Society
communication
Personal
2000
Eddleman
Ecology
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Western
Juniper
Proceedings
Management
Management Boise ID
of Range
for the
Proposal
J.F Dryness C.T
Technical
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Report
1973
General
Washington
PNW-8 USDA
of Critical
Natural
Forest
1979
Plan Supplement
Lynn
and
Steiger
County Planning
Associates
for
Department Lakeview
by
Heritage
County Atlas
1983
Amendments
Supplement
to
to the
the
Lake
Area
Pronghoni
Concern
Portland
OR
Heritage
Program
Heritage Plan
Advisory
ONHP
Oregon
Council Portland
l998a
Natural
OR
Lake
OR
ONHP
Species
Lake County
998
26
Oregon Natural
Prepared
Inc
the
Service
Land Use Atlas
Comprehensive
Nomination of
Environmental
Oregon Natural
Lake County
Column
Stratigraphic
Oregon Natural High Desert Association
Vegetation
Map
Geologic
93-I University of Nevada
Reno
Franklin
Survey
of Nevada
University
Miller
Warner Valley Oregon
Series
Inventory
Basin Oregon
Report
Investigations
Reno
Fowler
Rock
of the Fort
Technical
of Anthropology
Department
Report 98-1
in
Quadrangle
Degree
USGS
Half of
West
OR
Eugene
and
Planning
Department
of the
Miscellaneous
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McFarland
1998
Degree by
Oregon
Central
and
Steiger
Brown
1992
Map
Geologic
Crescent
Buildable
197
N.S DR
MacLod
Personal communication
1999
by Lynn
AR
revised by
Plan
and
and
Exceptions
Lake County Planning
for
Lakeview
Land Use
Economic
Housing
Prepared
Inc
Associates
Basin
Oregon
Elements Goal
Population
Station
University of Oregon
Eddlenian
21
Comprehensive
Land Inventories
Consultant
Bedwell
OR
Lakeview
Office
and
Lake County Planning
Anthropology
of Oregon
University
Rock
Fort
Plan
Comprehensive
Archaeological
Great Basin
Northern
in the
Archaeology
Papers
D.L
Jenkins
Lake
County
998b
Rare
of Oregon
Parker
Guidelines
King
for
Threatened
Portland
l99_
Evaluating
and
National
and
Endangered
OR
Register
Bulletin
Documenting
54
ACEC
Nonination
Traditional
Park
Analysis
Cultural
Service
Refrencs
Report
USD1
Properties
Interagency
Resources
National
Office
1995
Lake County
State
and
Survey
Rock
Prehistoric
Ph.D
Oregon
Portland
Personal
BLM
Personal communication
Tausch
1998
Tipps
UNR
Oregon
U.S
Middle
in
Interior
BLM
USD1
1980
30 1998
Bureau
of
Decision
Lakeview
OR
lJSD1BLM
Printing
l982a
Lakeview
Management
Environmental
Final.Oregon
State
BLM
Washington
DC
BLM
982b
Decision
OR
Environmental
Portland
Final
OR
vol
Interim
Washington
Office
for the
OR
BLM
1983a
Plan
EIS
Area
Lakeview
24
Warner
Lakes
Framework
983a
Plan
High Desert
Lakeview
LM
USD1
Connley
CoLmty
OR
Lakeview
30
Management
District
Hills
Atlas Perlite
Inc.
District
Tucker
Impact
Perlite
1-lill
OR
Lakeview
25
Management
for
Rorippa
Plan
aiid
and
columbiae
BLM
and
USFS
Game 1996
of Fish and
USD1 USFWS
District
Wildlife Service
Department
Strategy
Lakeview
Assessment Lakeview
Fish and
U.S
California
Conservation
Columbia
Kiamath Basin National
cress
Wildlife
BLM Burns Lakeview and Spokane
USDA Winema Shasta-Trinity Modoc
Lassen
National
Department
Forests
of Fish and
and
California
Game
OR
Lakeview
Vander
USD1 BLM
Guidance
of
Critical
Lake
in
Environmental
Final
Department
Districts
984
1996
of Agriculture
Refuge
BLM
ACEC
District
Lakeview
USD1 U.S
Lakeview
vol
Environmental
Record
Management
District
vol
USD1 BLM
and
Lake Abert Area of
Concern
Lakeview
Statement
Lakeview
High Desert Management
Amendment
Program Summary
Rangeland
Lakeview
Lakeview
Framework
USD1
District
Oregon
Portland
Wilderness
1995b
Plan
Statement
Project
OR
Office
1995a
Framework
Grazing
Impact
Office
of Decision
District
OR
Framework
Lakeview
Statement
Impact
Policy
Oregon
USD1
Uplaricis
Assessment
Oregon Wilderness
Management
USD1
USD1 BLM
Record
Associated
Management
Record
State
BLM
and
Plan
46
l989b
/Washington
Lakes
302-993
Office
USD1
Management
Office
Environmental
and
Lakes
Warner
Plan and
USD1
Warner
Wetlands
for
Environmental
Visual Resource
Program U.S Government
Management
Analysis of
Warner Valley
Report 98-1 January
of the
Department
Resource
22
Amendment
for the
Low An
and
Relationships
Tech
Land Managment
1998
communication
High
Zone
Resource
of Critical
Washington
l989a
Amendment
1998
communication
Personal
Areas
Concern
DC
Washington
Plan
Shelly
1613
Guidance
Planning
USD1
Ricks
1988
OR
Portland
University
Valley Region
Dissertation
BLM
Environmental
Analysis of
Art of the Warner
14
22
Division
USD1
Ricks
OR
Portland
for
1987
1623
Supplemental
Land Resources
Oregon
Program
State
1992
Schaaf
Area Inventory
Lakeview
for the
District
Final
Report
Lakeview
BLM
The
Natural
Resource
Nature
Area
Conservancy
55
ACEC No
Portland
iinaton
of the
References
Report
OR 26p
G.W
Walker
.4ia1ysis
1963
Reconnaissance
Eastern Half of the Klarnath
Quadrangle Lake and
USGS
Mineral
MF-260
Walker
Scale
G.W
of the Adel
Counties
Map
1250000
Repenning
CA
1965
Quadrangle Lake Harney
Investigations
Oregon
Studies
Field
Map
Arns
Klamath Counties
Investigation
Oregon
Map
USGS
1-446
Wilson
J.L Ennnons
Deposit
Lake County
November
Geologic
Falls
Miscellaneous
Scale
D.L
Map
Malheur
Geological
1250000
Tucker
Oregon
19851301-1308
Geologic
and
Hill Perlite
Mining Engineering
ACEC Nomination
Analysis
Vi
Report
Appcidi
VI Appendix
Table
Al LM
VRM
Class
visual
inanagem Cut classes and objectives
resource
Description
Preserve
O/.jcctive
does
characteristic
IL
Any
Objective
IV
of
Objective
landscape
and
be
retain
Provide
dominate
made
to
the
level
but
The
form
of change
not
c.olor
natural
level
ecological
of change
to
changes
the
attention
attract
shoud
hr
to
the
attract
and
texture
characteristic
landscape
casual
observers
found
in
the
attention
predominant
activities
should
the
repeat
The
may
level
attiact
basic elements
of change
attention
found
to
the
characteristic
but should
in the
not dominate
natural
predominant
landscape
level
the
reduce
The
character
landscape
management
The
not
seen
provides
activity
must
of line
Management
Changes
class
landscape
existing
moderate
for
may
be
elements
basic
characteristic
view
character
repeating
the
and
character
activities
characteristic
the
may
activities
should
be
observers
features
the
Partialy
should
landscape
casual
of
features
very low
landscape
existing
repeat
be
This
management
limited
very
should
Management
must
changes
natural
Ill
low
be
character
landscape
preclude
landscape
Retain
Objective
should
existing
not howcvei-
or
activities
of change
view and
eliminate
basic landscape
be
to
the
activity
which require major
the
characteristic
major
focus
impacts
of viewer
through
modification
landscape
can
attention
careful
be
of
Every
location
the
high
existing
Management
attempt
minimal
however
disturbance
elements
VI
100
WE
100
R.12E
R.13E
R.14E
R.15E
20
10
20
10
R16E
R.17E
Miles
Oregon
Kilometers
R.18E
R.19E
DISTRICT
Resource
22
20
22
21
Management
23
DESCHUTESQQUNTY
__1
Nevada
Devils
Garden
Bed ACEC
California
LLava
-ii__
Lost
Coniiley
Forest
Sand
hills
Fossil
Christmas
27
Table
Silver
Dunes
Lake ACEC
24
25
26
Valley
R.27
Rock
ke
281
.4
lack
R.28
R.30
R.29
Hills
..-
________L
__
29
Summer Lake
30
Alkali
Lake
Mountain
JuniPer
Lake Abert
33
ACEC/
Paisley
Abert
FoleYLake
R.32E
R.31
_____
Rim
4Red
tide
Hawk
SliflislrLake
Rahi1lytavelly
OREGON
CALi1bRNIA
Hawk
Mountisin
iLountain
OREGON
JL
NEVADA
NewPrne
Creek
47
TO
24
R.18E
R.19E
R.20E
R.21E
R.22E
25
26
R.23E
LEGEND
Administered Lands
_______
Bureau
of
Fish
______
Department
Planning
Land Management
and
Wildhfe
Service
of Defense
Area Boundary
Major Road
Existing
Proposed
ACEC/RNA
ACEC/RNA
U.S DEPARTMENT
State
Bureau
Private
or Local
OF THE INTERIOR
Land Management
of
Government
Lakeview
Lakeview
ACEC
Area
Nomination Evaluation Report
Fall
Map
District
Resource
2000
General Locations of Existing and
Proposed Areas of Critical Environmental
Concern
Research Natural Areas
reliebility
other
data
or
completeness
Original
data
of
were
these
dais
compiled
to
from
individual
various
or
aggregaie
sources
This
use
with
information
D08-07-OOCP
Oregon
State
Office