١٩ ﻧﺰﺍﺭ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ : ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ [] (١) ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﺎﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻩ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻬﺎ، ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ – ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﲝﻮﻻﻥ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸـﺮﺡﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ :ﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮﺍ ﻟِﻤ:ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ – ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪﳏﻤﺪ ﺷﺒﲑﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻷﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ( ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ )ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻤﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ( ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ )ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺣﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ، ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺘﻬﺎ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (ﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﹶﻄﹾﻔِﻬﺎﺔﹸ ﺣِﻔﹾﻈِﻬﺍﳊﻈﲑﺓ )ﺃﻣﻜِﻨ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ –– – ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ – ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻮﰐﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺯ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﰐ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﲤﻬﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﱐﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ – ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﲑ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﰐ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ – ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﺷـﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﻭ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳊﻮ ﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺋﻪ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﰐ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ –ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﲤﻬﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﲑ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﳕﺎﺋﻪ، ﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎﻝٍ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ:ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ – ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ:(ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﳕﺎﺋﻪ،ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﻳﺰﻛﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳕﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ:(ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ )ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ – ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻤﺔ:ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘـﻲﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲﻣﺎﻟﻚﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ:(ﺎ )ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﰐ ﺃﻭ، ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻧﻪ، ﺃﻭ ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ، ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩﺗﻪ، ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﰐ ﲟﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ:ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﻟﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ-١ – ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲﺍﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ-٢ – – ﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ-٣ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ-٤ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ-٥ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ:ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣـﺔﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﲜﻨﺴﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ:ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻝ:ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻝ:ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﲜﻨﺴﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ:ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﲤﻬﻴﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ:ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ – ﻻﺑﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ – – – ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﺋﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ-١ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻴﲔ-٢ ﻟﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻓﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻞ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟-٣ ﺍﻹﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻘـﺮﺍﰲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ( ﻛﻢ٨٩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ )ﻭﻫﻲ-٤ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ:ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﻻﺑـﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻄﺎﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﲤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﳎﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺭﻱ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ، ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺰﻱ ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻣﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺤﻤﺮ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ، ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﺳﻲ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻜﺮﻡ،ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ () ،ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ،ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻮﰐ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ،ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﺗﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ،ﺍﳊﺼﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ،ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ،ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﲏ ﺃﲪﺪﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ،ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﻭﻳﲏ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ،ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ،ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻴﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﱐ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ،ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ،ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ،ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﱐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ،ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ،ﺍﻟﺸﺒﲑ ﴰﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺯ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ،ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ،ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻌﺎﱐ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ،ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ،ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻄﺎﻭﻱ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ،ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺍﳊﻖ،ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﰲ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ،ﺍﻟﻘﺰﻭﻳﲏ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ،ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺳﺎﱐ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ،ﺍﳌﻼﺧﺴﺮﻭ – ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﳏﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﻑ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﶈﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﻑ،ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ،ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ،ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ،ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ The Rules Concerning the Time and Place of Paying Zakat NAZAR AL-SHEIKH Al-Tamauz Al-Namozajeeia School Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates ABSTRACT. This study is an attempt to emphasize the importance of sticking to the rules of zakat concerning the time and place of paying, collecting and distributing zakat funds. The paper discusses this issue by referring to the texts of the Qur’an, the Sunnah and the views of fiqh scholars and shows the wisdom behind following such rules, as the challenging greatness of the zakat system in Shariah does not limit itself to just determining the rates of zakat but other aspects as well such as the times of paying zakat.
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