ﻡ
٣
ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺦ
ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﱐ
ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺟﻔﺮﻱ
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ-١
Rapport and Taggart,
1977
Ezzell Miles 1980Myers, 1974
ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ-٢
Joint Venture
ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ-٣
ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﰲ-٤
ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ
ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺟﻔﺮﻱ ﻭﻏﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺪﱐ ﻭﻋﺪﻧﺎﻥ ﺻـﻮﰲ ﻭﻋﺒـﺪ
ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺦ
ﺷﺮﳛﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺍﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﺑﺂﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﻻﺕ
ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ
Sommerfeld, Anderson, Brock, Madeo, Milliron,
1988
Incorporated
ﺷﺮﳛﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺍﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﺑﺂﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻻﺭﺍﺕ
$
$
$
$
ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ
Investment Tax Credit
ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﱯ-٥
ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻱ
(Incremental) Cash Flow
>
>
<
>
{}<
{}>
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ
<
<
<
ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ-٦
ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃﺍ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃNon-parametric
Ho : Earnings before taxes or zakat follows the normal distribution.
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ
Ha : Earning before taxes or zakat does not follow the normal distribution.
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
Ho : Depreciation follows the normal distribution.
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ
Ha : Depreciation does not follow the normal distribution.
ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺍ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿـﻴﺔ
ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ
>
Ho : u1 - (u2 × 0.11) < 0
Where u1 = Average Profit before Taxes or Zakat
u2 = Average Depreciation.
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ
<
Ho : u1 - (u2 × 0.11) > 0
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿـﻴﺔ
ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ
>
Ho : u1 - (u2 × 0.079) < 0
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ
<
Ho : u1 - (u2 × 0.079) > 0
ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ-٧
ﺍﳉـﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
ﺍﳉﺰﺀ
)ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ
ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ
ﻫـ١٤٠٨ ﻫـ١٤٠٧
ﻫـ١٤٠٦
ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ
ﺃﻭﻻﹰ
ﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ
ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ
)ﺏ( ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ
ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
)ﺟـ( ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ
ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﲔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﲔ
ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
Kolmogrov-Smirnov-D-Test
||
SAS
ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ
Wilcoxon
Data Grouping
Ranking
½
Conver, 1980
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ-٧
Conver, 1980SAS
Normal Distribution
ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻡ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ
ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ
(ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺩﺍﻝ )ﻛﻠﻴﻤﺠﺮﻑ ﲰﲑﻧﻮﻑ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ
ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ
ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ
Conver,1980Wilcoxon
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﺟﺔ
٥
١
ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ
* ﻭﻳﻠﻜﻮﻛﺲ
ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ
ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺐ
ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺐ
ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ
ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ-٨
Cost of
Capital
ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ
ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ: ﺃﻭﻻﹰ
ﻛﻮﺛﺮ،ﺍﻷﲜﻲ
،"" ،ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﱵ
ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ، ﻋﺪﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺦ، ﻭﺻﻮﰲ، ﻏﺎﺯﻱ، ﻭﻣﺪﱐ، ﻳﺎﺳﲔ،ﺟﻔﺮﻱ
ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ
ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ،ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ
ﺣﺴﲔ،ﺷﺤﺎﺗﺔ
، ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ،ﺷﺤﺎﺗﻪ
ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ،ﺷﻠﺘﻮﺕ
ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺃﻣﲔ،ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ
ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻮﺽ، ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﱄ،ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ
ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﱄ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻮﺽ،ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ
ﻓﻮﺯﻱ،ﻏﺮﺍﻳﺒﺔ
ﺣﺴﲔ ﻛﻤـﺎﻝ، ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ،ﻓﺮﻫﻮﺩ
ﻳﻮﺳﻒ،ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺿﺎﻭﻱ
ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ
ﺭﻓﻴﻖ،ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ
ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﳏﻤﺪ، ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺠﻮﻡ،ﻭﻫﺒﺔ
ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ:ﺎﺛﺎﻧﻴ
Conver, W, "Practical Non parametric Statistics", New York, John Wiley, 1980.
Miles, J. and Ezzell, J., "The Weighted Average Cost of Capital, Perfect Markets, and Project
Life: A Clarification", Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, September 1980.
719-730.
Myers, S.C.,"Interactions of Corporate Financing and Investment Decision Implications for
Capital Budgeting", Journal of finance, March, 1974, 1-25.
Rapport, A and Taggart, R., "Evaluation of Expenditure Proposals under Inflation"' Financial
Management, Spring 1982, 5-13.
Sommerfeld, R. Anderson, H. Brock, H. Madeo, S. and Milliron, V., "An Introduction to
Taxation" New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.
The Impact of Zakat on the Cash Flow in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study
YASEEN JEFREY, GHAZI MADANI and ABDURRAHMAN BASHAIKH
Assistant Professor, Professor,
Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration
Faculty of Economics and Administration
King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT. Cash flow is a major and critical input in the capital budgeting decision of
private firms. Cash flow has been analyzed under taxes and inflation. However, zakat has
never been analyzed. Zakat has different base and rates compared to other systems,
therefore, it requires an intensive analysis. This study analyses and compares the impact
of zakat with that of Saudi and American tax systems. Two models were developed, and
an empirical analysis was performed. The results support the hypothesis of a lesser
impact for zakat. Under equal discount rates and initial investments, zakat tends to
accept more projects than the other two tax systems.
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